Pen y Bryn, , Llanfyrnach, . SA35 0AH

25/05/2016

Contact: Glyn Lloyd-Jones [email protected] 07973 685423 Iestyn Evans [email protected] 07733 214829 I&G Ecological Consulting IandGecology.com

Contents

Executive Summary 2 A note on Bat Surveys 3 Surveyors 3 Introduction 4 Equipment Used and Methods 4 Location of Property and description 5 Bat Survey Results 5 Discussion of the Results 6 Conclusions 6 Limitations of Survey 6 Recommendations – Compensation & Mitigation advice 6 Notes 6 Method Statement 7 Appendix 1 8-12 Appendix 2 13-17 References 18 Legal disclaimer 19

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Executive Summary

The owners of Pen y Bryn, Clydau, Llanfyrnach seek planning consent to add an extension to the rear and side of their property. A small stone built shed to the rear of the property and a large corrugated steel building to the side of the property will be demolished to create the space for the new extensions.

Building / demolition work would be likely to affect bats or roosts should they be present.

I&G were commissioned to carry out a bat survey of the buildings and site. The survey consisted of a daytime “scoping” (presence / absence) survey as well as activity surveys to ascertain usage (if any) by bats.

During both the preliminary inspection as well as the activity surveys, no evidence of bat activity was found in or around the house.

The house was classified as having low potential as (surprisingly for this type of building) the roof was very well sealed; the walls were well mortared and the verges of the roof were all covered in cement. The large corrugated building was also well sealed; the only building with any real potential was the small stone built shed.

Due to the lack of bat interest and the low risk of encountering any bats, the development should proceed as planned, but with due care and vigilance especially at the wall tops and ridges.

There were also no signs of owl activity.

An EPS licence will not necessary for this development to proceed.

Two activity surveys were undertaken to ascertain any usage of the buildings by bats.

Care during construction

1. Work to stop immediately if any bats are encountered during any works and I&G to be called for advice and guidance.

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A note on Bat Surveys

Bats are the only mammal capable of true flight and are notoriously difficult to survey for as they cannot be heard unaided and they are difficult to see due to their nocturnal behaviour. They are also small and can live in the smallest of crevices so may often, as a result of their size, be overlooked.

Bats may also change their resting and feeding places regularly throughout the year depending on the time of year and weather conditions, so other signs of use are also looked for such as their droppings or signs of feeding.

Any sign of use is enough to confirm that the space has “bat interest” and is enough to confirm the importance of the location to bat species. All species as well as their resting places are protected by law and the site is protected even when bats are not present.

They are also longer lived than other mammals of a similar size e.g. Horseshoe bats are known to live for 30-40 years and the other species of bats 15–20 years.

A single bat colony may have several roost sites which it uses throughout the year.

Surveyors

Iestyn Evans has extensive experience in conservation, habitat improvement and management and has also worked with other licensed bat workers for many years. Licence number 57538:OTH:CSAB:2014

Glyn Lloyd-Jones has significant experience in survey and presentation skills and has also assisted many other licensed bat surveyors over the past years. He possesses both a bachelors degree (with honours) and masters degree in the biological sciences. Licence number 57539:OTH:CSAB:2014.

Mr Peter Watts assisted with the activity surveys.

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Introduction

This report has been produced by I&G Ecological Consulting on behalf of Mr David Metcalfe-Holland who seeks planning permission for the addition of an extension to the rear and side of his property.

Equipment Used and Method of Survey

Survey methodologies were implemented as appropriate based on the surveyors' assessment of the site features and with particular reference to the advice in Bat Surveys for Professional Ecologists: Good practice guidelines 3rd Edition (The Bat Conservation Trust, 2016) & The Bat Workers' Manual 3rd ed. (JNCC 2004). The scoping survey was undertaken on Monday 2nd May 2016 at 19.00hrs. The survey consisted of a visual inspection of the interior and exterior of the building for:

 Evidence of bat use, including droppings, feeding remains, staining and scratching around roost exit and entry points.  Potential bat features such as voids in the stonework, wooden beams and any associated rot holes, gaps behind soffits or within walls and facia boards. Raised tiles, any raised render, any sufficiently large crevices.  General condition of the buildings, including the structure of the roof, condition of walls, the potential for disturbance and the position of the building in relation to connectivity to good bat habitat.

The potential of the building for bats was classified into one of the following categories:  High Roosting Potential – Buildings with significant potential containing a large number of suitable features or features present appear optimal;  Medium Roosting Potential – Buildings with roosting features appearing less suitable;  Low or No Roosting Potential – Buildings with few if any features suitable for roosting.

A dawn and dusk survey was carried out to confirm the lack of bat presence in the property.

The dusk survey was carried out on Monday 2nd of May. The survey started at 15 minutes before sunset (20:41hrs) and ended 2 hours after sunset. The weather was dry and overcast but the site is exposed and with an uncommonly calm 2mph wind.

The dawn survey was undertaken on the 25th of May in a period of mild and calm weather. The start temperature was 9.4°C and the end temperature was 10.2°C with no wind and a clear sky. Sunrise 05:11hrs. The survey started 2 hours before sunrise and continued for 15 minutes past sunrise. The site was cool but bats were still active.

Endoscopes, high powered torches, a thermal imaging camera and close-focussing monoculars were used when necessary to aid the surveyor’s assessment. A Pair of Elekon bat scanner detectors were used to detect and measure activity.

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Location of Property and Description (Characteristics) Grid Reference: SN 25051 32971

The period property (south east facing) is of stone construction with a slate roof. The exterior of the building is in a good condition over all with well-sealed roof and tightly sealed concrete verges. The property is located in a rural area with open green-spaces, improved and semi improved pasture as well as mature trees and hedgerows nearby. The property has been well maintained due to the exposed nature of the site. Any weaknesses in the building would be quickly exploited by the elements so the owners are very keen on property maintenance.

Figure 1: Aerial view of Pen y Bryn, Clydau, Llanfyrnach (from Bing® Maps).

Results

 The preliminary roost visit (Scoping Survey) was used to identify all potential access and egress points for bats in the buildings and identify crevices and possible dwelling places; no droppings or other signs were found.  Externally the building was in good condition with no potential bat access points. No signs of bat activity were discovered.  The building was classified as having low potential.  A pre-survey search revealed that the building sits in a rural area surrounded by open countryside; approximately ½ a mile to the south east of the property runs the river Pedran. There are a number of other small streams in the area. There are a number of small woodlands and hedgerows around the area ideal habitats for foraging and commuting bats.  During the activity survey a few Common and Soprano pipistelles were heard and seen flying around the area especially in the lane leading to the property. A few bats were seen flying around in the yard behind the property itself. (Shown by the blue arrows)

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Discussion

No signs of any bat activity were found in or around the house or sheds.

Whilst the presence of bats can never be ruled out altogether there is no evidence to suggest bats are likely to be present.

In preparing this report I&G have applied the principle of ‘proportionality’ i.e. that the extent of mitigation, survey effort and compensation/enhancement is proportionate to the predicted degree of risk to ecology (BS 42020).

Conclusion

The buildings had no signs of any bat activity. There were no bat droppings, scratches, feeding signs nor were there any stains, smells or actual bats seen. This suggests that presently the home may be of little interest to bats therefore there is no reason why the development should not proceed as planned.

Pipistrelles were seen and heard on survey and appeared to utilise the wooden lane to the front of the property. Bats do appear to utilise the environment here (as we’d expect) but due to the elevation and exposure of the property the immediate environment may be sub-optimal for supporting a vibrant of bats.

Limitations of Survey

All parts of the buildings were accessible. Any crevices and gaps were endoscoped. As a precaution we recommend that if there’s a period of 2 years or more between when the survey was completed and when the work commences that a further survey or scoping survey should be undertaken to ensure that the situation regarding bats has not changed since the time of the last survey.

Recommendations, Requirements and Mitigation

Work is to stop immediately if in the event that bats are encountered during any building works and I&G to be called for advice and guidance. We recommend that a single Schwegler (multi season) bat box (1WQ) be erected to a gable end wall of the property as high up as possible to offer some site enhancement for bats. Bat boxes will be erected around the site on trees and be attached to other buildings around the site. If other outbuildings are to be repointed in future we recommend that a number of crevices in stone work are set aside for bat usage.

Notes

Bats could be present all year round, especially if making casual use of the site. If bats are encountered I&G should be consulted and advice sought. Natural Resources (Tel. 0300 065 3000) will also be able to help.

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Method Statement

Below, we outline a description of how work may be undertaken on site that will ensure bats are not harmed during any building works. 1. A qualified and licenced bat ecologist will be present should any bats be encountered during any stage of the development. 2. If in the event that any bats are discovered during the building works then the licenced ecologist must be informed and building worked stopped until a licenced bat ecologist is on site and the bats no longer at risk of harm. Natural Resources Wales can also be approached for advice.

Any works may be undertaken following the points below:

Timing – There are no specific restrictions upon the timing of works.

Roof Works – A licenced bat worker will be available for advice and guidance in the event that bats are encountered during the roof works. Slates should be lifted and not slid to reduce potential injury to any unseen/undetected bats. Extra care should always be taken at the ridges and wall tops when stripping a roof.

The Demolition phase – All works can be undertaken without restriction but with due care and vigilance.

The Construction and refurbishment phase – All works can be undertaken without restriction but with due care and vigilance.

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Appendix 1

British bat species and their status

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Timing of Surveys and applicability of survey methods

As the mitigation guidelines state: The presence of a significant bat roost… can normally be determined on a single visit at any time of year, provided that the entire structure is accessible and that any signs of bat activity have not been removed by others.

Taken from Bat Mitigation Guidelines (2004)

Recommended Survey Timings (from Good practice guidelines 3rd Edition 2016).

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Recommended minimum number of surveys to be carried out according to roost potential (from Good practice guidelines 3rd Edition 2016).

Roosts required by bats

Hibernation sites (Hibernacula). Sheltered areas with relatively stable winter temperatures. Underground cavities, caves, mines, cellars, hollow trees and cavities and crevices in buildings or similar structures are examples. Nursery roosts (maternity roosts). Places usually warm, where adult females of a colony gather to give birth and rear their young. These are often traditional sites with a history of such use and include roof voids, walls, soffit boxes, hollows and cracks/splits in trees and cavities in bridges and similar structures. Night roosts /feeding perches. Places where bats may gather at night away from the day roost after initial feeding. These places are often quite exposed and may not be suitable for day roosting. They are often recognisable by deposits of droppings and insect remains. Intermediate /dispersal roosts. Sites where small numbers of bats may gather after hibernation before taking up residence in the nursery roost. Bats may return to these sites after dispersal from the nursery roost and before entering hibernation. Mating/male roosts. Places that an individual male may defend from other males and to which he will attempt to lure females. These will include small holes/cavities in trees, stonework, caves, mines and buildings.

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Bats and the Law.

Bats are protected by the following pieces of legislation:

Schedule 5 and 6 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended by the CROW [Countryside Rights of Way] Act 2000) The Environmental Damage (Prevention & Remediation) Regulations 2009 – A protected species and its habitat is protected under this legislation as well as others. The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (regulation 41) fully protects all bats and their roosts, making it an offence to deliberately kill, injure or capture (take) bats; to deliberately disturb bats; damage or destroy bat roosts or resting places (this is considered an “Absolute Offence” as damage and destruction may detrimentally effect the Continuous Ecological Functionality of that roost / resting place); possess or transport a bat or any part of a bat; sell (or offer for sale) or exchange bats or parts of bats. For any disturbance to occur a derogation or EPS licence must be gained from Natural Resources Wales. To gain an EPS Licence from Natural Resources Wales (NRW), NRW must be satisfied that; i. granting the licence would not be detrimental to the Favourable Conservation Status (fcs) of the populations of species concerned within its natural range. ii. the derogation (licence) is in the public interest of Health and Safety or for other reasons of over-riding public interest, including those of a socio- economic nature or will have a benefit of primary importance to the environment. iii. there is no satisfactory alternative to the derogation which would allow the described development to proceed but which would avoid or reduce, the need for any adverse impact to the species. Bats are also protected by; Appendix III of the Bern Convention Appendix II of the Bonn Convention (including the Convention's Agreement on the conservation of Bats in Europe) Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006. The Environment (Wales) Act 2016: Specifically Sections 6 (places a duty upon Local Authorities to enhance biodiversity and the resilience of ecosystems) and 7 (Creating local biodiversity lists and a duty to take steps to maintain and enhance biodiversity) All bats are listed in Annex IV of the EC Habitats Directive and the British species listed in Schedule 2 of the Habitats Regulations 1994 (as amended) and are therefore designated as European Protected Species. These protected species are afforded enhanced protection and more stringent licensing provisions than those protected by the Wildlife and Countryside Act (WACA) alone.

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Birds and the Law

Apart from a few game and ‘pest’ species, almost all birds are afforded some level of statutory protection under the WACA (1981). The vast majority of British birds and their nests are protected from reckless harm or damage, killing or injury. This protection is also extended to their eggs and young. The Barn Owl and other rare species are afforded extra enhanced protection against disturbance whilst nesting as they are designated a Schedule 1 species in the WACA. This protection is extended to the animal and their nest only while the nest is in use, the site itself is not protected per se once nesting behaviour has ceased and is no longer occupied by eggs or young. Best practice indicates that sites that are important for rarer species (e.g. Barn Owl) should be retained in a favourable condition for that species or provision of a suitable alternative be made (e.g. Owl Box etc) as the species and nesting site may be detrimentally affected by the proposed development.

The Barn Owl is a species for special consideration where any old agricultural building is concerned as it is considered a nationally declining species, a ‘Red Data Bird’ and is also cited on the ‘Amber List’ of Birds of Conservation Concern both within Wales and the wider UK. This species as well as another two out of the five known species of owl normally resident in the British Isles regularly use buildings / barns as nesting sites.

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Appendix 2

Figure 2: The front of the property (faces South East). The roof is in excellent condition, the ridge tiles had no perceivable gaps.

Figure 3: shows the rear of the property. The roof is well maintained; any slipped or damaged slates are repaired / replaced by the owners immediately due to the exposed nature of the site. The walls are in good condition. The small brick built corrugated steel roofed shed will be demolished to make room for the new extension.

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Figure 4: showing the western gable end. The verges are all cemented offering no gaps for bats to utilise. A Schwegler 1WQ panel will be installed as high as possible here.

Figure 4.1: showing the eastern gable. The shed will be demolished to create space for the new extension. The junction between the shed and the main house was well mortared offering no gaps for bats to exploit.

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Figure 5: showing the cemented verge on the edge of the roof completely blocking any access to the roof slates, it is also tight to the stone wall of the house.

Figure 6: Shows the ceiling inside the small stone shed to the rear of the house. The asbestos boards in the picture are attached directly to the underneath of the corrugated steel roof sheets. The shed is extremely hot in the summer and extremely cold during the winter, this is likely to make it unsuitable for bats to roost in.

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Figure 7: Shows the inside of the roof in the large corrugated steel shed.

Figure 8: Shows a number of surfaces from inside the large shed with no signs of bat use.

Figure 9: shows a Schwegler multi season roost box (a Schwegler 1WQ) to be affixed to one gable end of the property.

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Will bats prevent my development from taking place?

Bats do not cause structural damage, are seldom a risk to animals or humans, do not make nests and primarily feed on insects. If bats are found in most cases mitigation measures can be identified that will enable the development to go ahead.

Key facts Bats are not rodents They do not chew wood, wires or insulation They do not build nests They feed primarily on insects They do not bring insects into the roost Have one baby a year Seasonal visitors in houses Certain types of bat can catch up to 600 insects in 1 hour Bats are not blind Seldom transmit disease to humans or animals Only bite in self defence

Access, size of roost space and structure

• Crevice-dwelling bats (such as Soprano Pipistrelles) can crawl into their roosts via small gaps in the range of 15 - 20mm high by 20 – 50mm wide. The roost area should maintain a crevice of this approximate size gap that the bats can roost between. The area this roost provision covers can be small but about 1m2 would be useful for summer nursery roosts. The height of entry can be from 2 - 7m.

• Roof-void dwelling bats require similar dimensions to access the roost but typically need timber joists or beams on which to roost. The height of entry can be from 2 - 7m.

• Bats needing a flying area require the same access dimension as mentioned above, 15 - 20mm (h) x 20-50mm (w) situated over 2m in height. The roosting area should not be trussed, to allow flight, and should ideally be about 2.8m in height and 5m in length and width.

• Horseshoe bats need a larger access so that they can fly (instead of crawl) directly into the roost. Lesser horseshoe bats need an access of 300mm (w) x 200mm (h), while greater horseshoe bats need 400mm (w) x 300mm (h). As above, the roosting area should not be trussed, to allow flight, and should ideally be about 2.8m in height and 5m in length and width.

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References

Bat Conservation Trust, 2010. Bats in Buildings. Bats and the Built Environment Series: Volume 1.

British Standards Institute, BS 42020:2013. Biodiversity. Code of practice for planning and development. August 2013.

BSI (2015) BS8596:2015 Surveying for Bats in Trees and Woodland. British Standards Institution, London, UK.

Dietz, C., Helversen, O. von, Nill, D., 2009. Bats of Britain, Europe and Northwest Africa. A. & C. Black, London.

HM Government (1981). The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (As Amended). London. HMSO

Collins, J (ed.) (2016). Bat Surveys for Professional Ecologists: Good Practice Guidelines, 3rd Ed. The Bat Conservation Trust. London.

Mitchell-Jones, AJ (2004a). Bat Mitigation Guidelines. English Nature, Peterborough

Mitchell-Jones, AJ; Mcleish A,P (2004a) Bat Workers Manual. English Nature, Peterborough

Mitchell-Jones, A.J., COOKE, A.S., BOYD, I.L., STEBBINGS, R.E., 1989. Bats and remedial timber treatment chemicals a review. Mammal Rev. 19, 93–110.

Morris, P.A. (1993). A Red Data Book for British Mammals. The Mammal Society, London

Waring, S. D; Essah, E. A; Gunnell, K; Bonser, R. H. C (2013). Double Jeopardy: The Potential for Problems when Bats Interact with Breathable Roofing Membranes in the . Architecture and Environment (2013).

Welsh Assembly Government (WAG 2003). List of Species and Habitats of Principal Importance for the Conservation of Biological Diversity. Welsh Government. Cardiff

Williams, C., 2010. Biodiversity for low and zero carbon buildings: a technical guide for new build. RIBA Pub., London.

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I&G Ecological Consulting Legal Disclaimer

This report was prepared by I&G Ecological Consulting at the instruction of, and for use by, our client(s) named on the front of the report. It does not in any way constitute advice to any third party who is able to access it by any means. I&G Ecological Consulting excludes to the fullest extent lawfully permitted all liability whatsoever for any loss or damage howsoever arising from reliance on the contents of this report. We do not however exclude our liability (if any) for personal injury or death resulting from our negligence, for fraud or any other matter in relation to which we cannot legally exclude liability.

We confirm that in preparing this Report we have exercised reasonable skill and care, taking into account the project objectives, the agreed scope of the work and prevailing site conditions.

Advice in this report is based on the judgement of I&G Ecological Consulting and the interpretation of data gathered during the course of their survey on the property named in this document. The findings and advice given during the course of this survey is provided by employees of I&G Ecological Consulting acting only on behalf of I&G Ecological Consulting. The employees of I&G may hold other paid employment but none of their advice or work undertaken in respect of producing this report refers to any roles or responsibilities held in any other employment other than that held at I&G Ecological Consulting.

All work undertaken in this report is the sole responsibility of I&G Ecological Consulting.

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