Couverture Amelie Ang

Concept, research and text® : Amélie Racine and Mark Schanzleh

Photos® : Amélie Racine and Mark Schanzleh

Study on cycle tourism in Switzerland, Germany and The Netherlands March 2006

Final report

Presented to the Quebec Tourism Intelligence Network and the Chair in Tourism at UQAM

A word of thanks

This report has been realized within the frame of the “Young Professionals International” program, which exists under the authority of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Canada. It has been mandated by the Quebec Tourism Intelligence Network / Chair in Tourism, under the authority of the School of Business Administration of the University of Quebec in Montreal.

A word of thanks to all the organizations which have helped to realize this project:

• Organizations related to the “Young Professionals International”- program: The Quebec Tourism Intelligence Network / the Chair in Tourism, the School of Business Administration of the University of Quebec in Montreal,

• Sponsors: Dahon, Cycle Tectonics, NEMO, Icebreaker, EcoHosting.net, Altitude, Corey Scott Graphiste, l’Union Vie groupe financier, Caisse populaire Desjardins de Boucherville, Croix Bleue Assurance Voyage, Zoom Airlines, Groupe Investissement Responsable, Schwalbe,

• Source of inspiration: Équiterre.

A big “thank you” to anyone who has contributed to the success of our “equicycle-project”. Without your help it would not have been possible to present this report in its present form.

1 Table of contents

A WORD OF THANKS...... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 2 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES...... 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS...... 4 SUMMARY ...... 5 1 THE MANDATE...... 6 1.1 THE CONTEXT OF THE RESEARCH ...... 6 1.2 METHODOLOGY ...... 7 1.2.1 Definitions ...... 7 1.2.2 Method ...... 7 2 CYCLE TOURISM IN SWITZERLAND...... 10 2.1 SWITZERLAND ...... 10 2.1.1 History of the development of cycle tourism in Switzerland ...... 10 2.1.2 Organization of the cycle tourism industry in Switzerland ...... 11 2.1.3 Strategy based on solid alliances and partnerships ...... 11 2.1.4 Cycling network...... 12 2.1.5 Network of hospitality services ...... 12 2.1.6 Some numbers on the Swiss cycle tourism industry ...... 13 2.2 THE BEST PRACTICES...... 16 2.2.1 Example 1: The Heart Route ...... 16 3 CYCLE TOURISM IN GERMANY ...... 21 3.1 NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA (NRW) ...... 21 3.1.1 History of the development of cycle tourism in the State NRW...... 21 3.1.2 Organization of the cycle tourism industry in the State NRW...... 22 3.1.3 Strategic alliances...... 23 3.1.4 Cycling network...... 23 3.1.5 Network of hospitality services ...... 24 3.1.6 Some numbers on the German cycle tourism industry...... 24 3.2 THE BEST PRACTICES...... 25 3.2.1 Example 2: The Bicycle Route Planner ...... 25 3.2.2 Example 3: Bodensee-Radweg Service ...... 30 4 CYCLE TOURISM IN THE NETHERLANDS ...... 35 4.1 THE NETHERLANDS...... 35 4.1.1 History of the development of cycle tourism in The Netherlands ...... 35 4.1.2 Organization of the Dutch cycle tourism industry ...... 36 4.1.3 Cycling network...... 37 4.1.4 Some numbers on the cycle tourism industry in The Netherlands ...... 38 4.2 THE BEST PRACTICES...... 39 4.2.1 Example 4: Boat and bike...... 39 5 THE BICYCLE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ...... 43 5.1 SOME FACTS ...... 43 5.2 THE BEST PRACTICES...... 44 5.2.1 Example 5: SwissMobile...... 44 6 CONCLUSION...... 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 52 APPENDIX A: LIST OF INTERVIEWS ...... 56 APPENDIX B: LEXIS...... 60

2 List of figures and tables

List of figures Figure 1: Map of Switzerland …………………………………………...………………………………10 Figure 2: Map of the national “Cycling in Switzerland” network…….…………………………….…12 Figure 3: List of criteria for accommodation establishments …...... …………………………….12 Figure 4: Geographical location of the Emmental region.....………....………………………….…..17 Figure 5: Cities in the proximity of the Heart Route …………………..………………………………17 Figure 6: Itinerary of the Heart Route ………………………………...... ……………………………..18 Figure 7: Map of Germany …………………………………………...... ………………………………21 Figure 8: Organization chart illustrating the organization of the cycle tourism industry of the State NRW...... ……………………………22 Figure 9: Map showing North Rhine-Westphalia ………………...... …………………………26 Figure 10: Example of a window showing additional information...... ………………....……….27 Figure 11: Example of the primary and secondary network...... ……………………..28 Figure 12: Map illustrating the State Baden-Württemberg……………….....………………………..31 Figure 13: Map illustrating the State Bavaria...……………………………...………………………...31 Figure 14: Map of the Lake Constance Route ……………………………....………………………..32 Figure 15: Map of The Netherlands ………………………………………….....……………………...35 Figure 16: Organization chart illustrating the organization of the cycle tourism industry in The Netherlands …………………………………………….36 Figure 17: Map of the national cycling network LF...... ….……………………….37 Figure 18: Map illustrating a part of the waterways in The Netherlands...... …………….40 Figure 19: Map showing an itinerary example ……………………………...... ……………………...41

List of tables Table 1: Definitions ……………………………………………….....…………………………………...13 Table 2: Length and duration of a cycling tour …………...... ……………………………………13 Table 3: Number of people (in a group)………………...... ………………………………..13 Table 4: Use of accommodation...…………………………...... …………………………………..14 Table 5: Reservation of accommodation …………………...... …………………………………15 Table 6: Daily expenditure in CHF …………………………...... ………………………………...15 Table 7: Annual revenue on the National cycling routes for 2004 (in million CHF)…...... …15 Table 8: Number of Germans traveling by bicycle for more than one day…...... 24 Table 9: Expenses during a more than one day bicycle trip on the LF Routes (2004)...... ………………………….. .38 Table 10: Expenses during a one day bicycle trip on the LF Routes (2004)...... 38

3 List of abbreviations and acronyms

ADFC Algemeine Deutscher Fahrrad-Club AGFS Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fahrradfreundliche Städte und Gemeinde in NRW ANWB Koninklijke Nederlandse Toeristenbond ANWB (Algemene Nederlandse Wielrijders-Bond) ATE Association for Transport and Environment BMVBS Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung BMWI Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft CHF Confederation Helvetica Franc: Swiss franc DTV Deutscher Tourismus Verband DZT Deutsche Zentrale für Tourismus GPS Global Positioning System IG Velo Swiss Bicycle Advocacy Association LF Landelijke Fietsroute(s) MBV Ministerium für Bauen und Verkehr Min LNV Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit MTB Mountain Bike MWME Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Mittelstand und Energie NTFU Nederlandse Toer Fiets Unie NRW NordRhein Westfalen SFOPH Swiss Federal Office of Public Health STF Swiss Tourism Federation UQAM University of Quebec in Montreal VVV Vereniging voor Vreemdelingen Verkeer

4 Summary

Since the introduction of the “Route verte” concept in Quebec in 1995, long distance cycling routes have been developed in different regions of the province. Unification of these routes evokes an important issue in the success of the Route verte. Being the link which will take cyclists from one region to another, when the network will be totally completed it will represent a total distance of 4300 kilometers (in 2007).

At this moment, several Quebecois regions are seeing the touristy potential which comes with cycling routes. Some regions already benefit from the economic effect of the presence of cycling tourists. However, at the moment, the infrastructure which is supposed to bring a cycle tourist an unforgettable experience is not at the desired level. One of the main challenges is to reach uniformity in the signalization of the routes.

Is it possible for Quebec to position itself amongst the leading international cycling destinations? The realization of the next stages of the development of the Route verte project may hold the answer to this question. But what about the other destinations around the world?

This report focuses on the situation concerning cycle tourism in Switzerland, Germany and The Netherlands. These three European countries represent the prime destinations for many cyclists who choose to spend their vacation on the bicycle. This is why, in this report, special attention will be given to the cycle touristy offer of these three countries.

Switzerland distinguishes itself by the thorough job which has been done in this country in record time. The quality of its national cycling offer represents in many ways the ultimate accomplishment in the cycle tourism industry. The size of the country and the important financial investments are not the only explanations of the success of the cycling route network. Switzerland is a model which shows the importance of cooperation between both public and private organizations, and with organizations outside the country. Sharing knowledge, using proven concepts, cooperation with strategic partners, all this has put Switzerland on the top of the list.

In Germany, the context is different. The size and political structure of the country have created a division of the cycle touristy offer, in which every State has its own responsibility concerning development. To limit the size of this report, only the management model for the State of North Rhine-Westphalia is presented for Germany. This State is known for its pro-bicycle attitude which has allowed it to develop a good basic infrastructure so that the cycle tourism industry can expand more and more.

The Netherlands is in many ways the Nestor of cycling development. The Dutch expertise has allowed many of its neighboring countries to benefit in several fields. The cycling culture of The Netherlands has motivated numerous investments into long distances cycling routes for tourists. The cycle touristy offer of The Netherlands is based on an impressive quantity of cycling lanes covering the entire country.

Switzerland, Germany and The Netherlands might inspire Quebec, Canada and possibly other countries to improve their cycle tourism network. Five best practice examples complete this report. These models can be adapted to another context and demonstrate what can be realized in the cycle tourism industry.

5 1 The mandate

1.1 The context of the research The mandate of this research has been defined by the Quebec Tourism Intelligence Network and consists of studying the cycle tourism industry in Switzerland, Germany and The Netherlands. To be more exact, it includes the identification of successful examples related to management and the analysis of local cycling products.

The development and the marketing of cycle tourism are also part of this mandate. In order to research them, several tasks have been included in the mandate:

• gather and document best practice examples of the destinations studied, • analyze the strategies used to attract the cycle tourists, • study the existing structure, the strategic alliances between responsible organizations, financial consequences concerning the development and the maintenance of the network, • collect information on the cycle tourism clientele, • identify relevant sources of reference and locally used ways of monitoring, • effectuate qualitative interviews with parties responsible for the development and the promotion of cycle tourism, • identify possible channels of cooperation with existing knowledge institutes, universities, associations and governments involved in the development of knowledge concerning cycle tourism or, if seen on a larger scale, sustainable tourism, • complete a report containing: the steps taken, the contacts established and the information gathered concerning cycle tourism in Switzerland, Germany and The Netherlands.

The collecting of data was the reason to go to the three countries studied. Being there allowed for experimenting the cycling lanes and realizing interviews with the principal players in the field, being: managers in tourism, decision makers in the networks of distribution, people working in hotels and attractions, people responsible for the development and the promotion of bicycle use, academics and key people at governmental and local level. This report respects the guide lines described in the mandate.

Stein am Rhein, Switzerland Heidelberg, Germany Nijmegen, The Netherlands

6 1.2 Methodology

1.2.1 Definitions Here are some definitions and concepts to describe the terms used in order to understand the vocabulary in this report.

Cycle tourist1 The term “cycle tourist” is used in a wide sense and includes the definitions of sportive cycle tourist, vacation cycle tourist and cycle day-tripper. In this report, specifications are added to identify the different types of cycle tourist.

Sportive cycle tourist: Tourist who regards cycling as the main reason for his trip.

Vacation cycle tourist: Tourist who uses the bicycle as part of his vacation activities.

Cycle day-tripper: Person completing a trip by bicycle more than 80 kilometers away from his home within a time frame of 24 hours (no overnight stay included).

Sustainable development2: A continuing process of improvement of the existing conditions for the population at present, which does not compromise the possibility for future generations and which harmoniously integrates the development of the environmental, social and economic dimensions.

1.2.2 Method Cycle tourism is a term which defines an industry that does not only include recreative and commercial cycling, but also tourism. In order to understand the use of this type of mobility (cycling) in a touristy context, several steps have been taken and form the method of this research.

The course of this study can be divided into three main steps: (1) the research and preparation, (2) the experimentation and the gathering of data and (3) the analysis.

Step 1: Preparation in Quebec The preparation in Quebec took place over a period of six weeks, from July 1st until August 14th 2005. At first, a familiarization with the cycle tourism industry has taken place by reading several reports and documents which were realized mainly in Quebec3. The reading of these documents provided the basis for orientation on the Internet research that followed.

The Internet research has been divided by destination. The goal of this research was to discover local organizations, strategic structures as well as the key players that work in all sectors of the cycle tourism industry. The Internet research also allowed making a preliminary selection of some projects showing best practice models.

In total, two meetings with the direction of Vélo Québec were scheduled. The first meeting took place in the first week of the mandate. Its goal was to understand Vélo Québec’s concerns and the status of cycle tourism in Quebec, in order to possibly orientate the research based on real needs. The second meeting took place in the last week of preparation in Quebec. During that meeting, a presentation of the orientation of this study was given, based on the five weeks of preparing research.

Before departure a basic questionnaire including almost 100 questions has been composed to prepare for possible interviews. This questionnaire included all the subjects of interest identified

1 CHAIR IN TOURISM AT UQAM. Les retombées économiques de la Route verte, March 2003 2 TOURISM QUEBEC, Vers un tourisme durable. Politique touristique du Québec, 2005. 3 These documents are mentioned in the section “Bibliography” of this report.

7 before. These subjects are: the general context of cycle tourism, its history, its development, its design and planning, its clientele, its economical investments and benefits, its marketing and its sustainable development.

Finally, a part of this period in Quebec has been spent on the preparation of the bicycle trip. As mentioned in the mandate, the use of the cycling lanes was one of the ways to gather information. The complete travel preparation was also a good occasion to form an image of the destinations and of the overseas availability and accessibility of information provided by the destinations. In short, the preparation included the following elements:

• define a primary itinerary, • research tourist information, • research, prepare and test the equipment, • work out a time table, • create a budget, • organize events and activities for financing, • find and select sponsors, • create marketing tools such as a logo, a business card and a web site.

Step 2: Gathering data on Switzerland, Germany and The Netherlands The collection of data has taken place over a period of five months, starting August 15th 2005 and ending at January 16th 2006. Over the course of this period three different methods of data collection were used. These methods are: participation in a congress focusing on European cycle tourism, conducting interviews and experimentation of the cycling routes.

The participation in the “Travel Talk” congress at “Eurobike 2005” in Friedrichshafen, Germany on September 3rd 2005 was the ideal possibility to create contacts with people involved in the cycle tourism industry in Europe. The theme of this congress was “best practice examples”. All the presentations given in the frame of this event were recorded with the goal of later analysis.

The interviews were divided by destination. They were realized in three different ways, being: via e-mail, via personal recorded meetings and via spontaneous meetings in an “Ad Hoc” way. In total, 28 interviews4 were conducted with different people, such as the owners/managers of hospitality service establishments, tourism managers, people responsible for development and promotion of cycling, small-businessmen, consultants, governmental decision makers and bicycle tourists. The questionnaire was adapted according to the type of interview and generally contained 10 to 15 specific questions.

The experimentation of the cycling routes/lanes has taken place over the course of four months. In total, more than 3500 kilometers were cycled within the frame of three seasons, being summer, autumn and winter.

In Switzerland, several national and regional cycling routes have been experimented. Cycled were parts of the national routes # 1 “Rhone Route”, # 2 “Rhine Route” and # 9 “Lakes Route” and the complete national routes # 3 “North-South Route” and # 5 “Mittelland Route”. A part of the regional routes # 37 and # 94 as well as the “Heart Route” were also cycled.

In Germany, the west part of the country was crossed along the Rhine River, from Basel in Switzerland to Nijmegen in The Netherlands. This way, the “Rhine Route” was experimented. Crossing several German States, this route gave the opportunity to find the differences in and compare the levels of maintenance and signalization.

4 See Annex A: List of interviews

8 In the Netherlands, a combination of the national LF-cycling routes was followed, making it possible to cycle a round trip inside the country. The routes that were experimented are: LF3 “Rietlandroute”, LF3 “Hanzeroute”, LF20 “Flevoroute”, LF1 “Noordzeeroute”, LF4 “Midden- Nederlandroute”, LF9 “NAP-route” and LF12 “Maas-en Vestingroute”.

St. Gotthard Pass, Switzerland Rhine River, Germany IJssel River, The Netherlands

Step 3: Analysis of the data The analysis of the data was the last step taken before the writing of this report. The linguistic context of this report has been a challenge that can not be ignored. To combine all the information available in four different languages, being French, German, English and Dutch, has not only been a one of a kind experience while analyzing the data, but it was also the real life context in which the other steps had to be taken.

Two actions had to be taken prior to the analysis of the data. One was the reading and translation of written documents and the other concerned the translation of the audio recordings. It is important to note that the information for this report has been taken from numerous written documents which were translated by the authors of this report. The final step was formed by the re-organizing of information by practical theme, the making of summaries and the writing of commentary.

9 2 Cycle tourism in Switzerland Figure 1 : Map of Switzerland 2.1 Switzerland Switzerland is a country situated between France, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein and Italy. Like Liechtenstein, Switzerland is not a member of the European Union. The federalist structure of Switzerland is composed of three political levels: the Confederation, the Cantons and the communities.

Switzerland uses its own currency, the Swiss Franc (CHF)5. Divided over 26 Cantons, the total country covers 41,285 km2 and has little over 7 million inhabitants. The official languages in the country are German, French, Italian and Romansh.

2.1.1 History of the development of cycle tourism in Switzerland The idea to create a network of national cycling routes was born in 1991 when the organization © All Travel Switzerland “Velobüro” created a cycling route for the occasion of the 700th birthday of Switzerland. Together with the Swiss Tourism Federation (STF), Velobüro started the “Cycling in Switzerland” project in 1994. In order to realize the project, a search for possible partners was started. These partners are:

• touristy partners, • partners in the Confederation, • transport companies and hospitality service establishments (hotels and restaurants), • sponsors, • partners in the Cantons.

The “Foundation Cycling in Switzerland” was created in November 1995. In cooperation with the partners, the network’s cycling routes were defined, approved and realized, all with the purpose to create a complete cycle tourism offer on a national scale. This offer includes a combination of cycling routes, public transportation and hospitality service establishments. In 1998, big festivities were organized to celebrate the official opening of the “Cycling in Switzerland” network.

Costs (1995 until 1998) Financing (1995 until 1998) The costs for such a cycling network, The Cantons, the Confederation, the including the preparation and Tourism, Transport and Sports realization, are estimated at sectors, sponsors and donations have 6 4,600,000 CHF . Note that the costs financed the costs of preparation and for the signalization are estimated at realization of the network. an additional 5,000,000 CHF.

5 When a reference to money is made, the symbol CHF is added. “F” stands for Frank and “CH” stands for Confederation Helvetica (Switzerland). 6 The web site of “Summit of Tourism 2000”: www.sommets-tourisme.org/f/sommetsG/deuxieme-sommet/actes/anrig.htm

10 2.1.2 Organization of the cycle tourism industry in Switzerland The “Foundation Cycling in Switzerland” plays a major role in the Swiss cycle tourism industry. These two entities form the Project Management of “Cycling in Switzerland”: • Velobüro Olten, which has initiated, coordinated, developed and realized the cycle touristy offer in Switzerland in close cooperation with public and private partners, • Swiss Tourism Federation (STF), which, amongst other things, represents the Foundation at all political levels. The goal of the STF is to stimulate the Swiss tourism economy and to improve the tourism offer at a national level.

The Project Management of “Cycling in Switzerland” works on different projects, such as: the offer of cycling routes, the project Human Powered Mobility, the “Slow Up” (cars free days) and SwissMobile (an integrated network for durable mobility, leisure and tourism).

The Foundation Board of “Cycling in Switzerland” is build up of several members, such as representatives of the Confederation, the Cantons and the national organization for tourism, transport, sport and cycling.

The marketing is the responsibility of: • Switzerland Tourism, which is concerned with the promotion of the cycling network on an international level, • Cantonal touristy organizations, who occupy themselves with the promotion of “Cycling in Switzerland” within the country.

The network of private partners consists of transport enterprises, sponsors and hospitality service establishments.

The Swiss Bicycle Advocacy Association7 defends the interest of the cyclists, gives information about the benefits of the bicycle and gives advice in order to promote the use of a bicycle as a means of transportation.

2.1.3 Strategy based on solid alliances and partnerships Velobüro Olten does not have the power of decision. As a member of the Project Management, it has the knowledge but it does not have the power to impose its decisions. Thus, it finds itself in a position where alliances and partnerships are indispensable. It has a central position amongst all partners which, willingly and voluntarily, have decided to join the project in order to present an offer of quality. In short, the project “Cycling in Switzerland” is a remarkable example of partnership between public and private organizations without which such a project can not exist.

An example of partnerships for signalization An important issue when the quality of a cycle tourism offer is concerned is the signalization. It is imperative that the network possesses a signalization of high quality. It is necessary that all players involved at different levels target the same quality criteria in order to maintain uniformity in the entire offer of the country.

Concerning the signalization, one of the first partners involved is the landowner. In this case, the owners are the 26 Cantons and in some case the communities. The second partner involved is the one who provides the necessary basis, by creating the frame in which the norms and the rules are defined. In Switzerland this is the Swiss Federal Roads Authority (FEDRO).

Signalization in Switzerland

7 The German name is: IG Velo Schweiz

11 Without any juridical importance, the Velobüro Olten finds itself in between these two partners. On one side it receives the support of the Confederation and on the other side it is consulted by the Cantons. This role as an intermediate between the Cantons and the Confederation allows the Velobüro Olten to continue motivating the Cantons in their development and to make sure that there is uniformity in the network through quality control.

Figure 2: Map of the national 2.1.4 Cycling network “Cycling in Switzerland” network

In September 2005, nine national cycling routes can be counted with a total length of 3300 kilometers. These national routes are depicted by a logo and a number. On top of this national cycling network, around 50 regional and cantonal routes are available, representing a total distance of an extra 5000 kilometers. These routes can be recognized by their logo and a number consisting of two or three figures. All together, the “Cycling in Switzerland” network measures a total length of 8300 kilometers.

2.1.5 Network of hospitality services The “Foundation Cycling in Switzerland” also Figure 3: List of criteria for has partners in the industry of hospitality services. accommodation establishments As soon as an establishment can show that it meets Services that have to be offered by certain criteria, it becomes eligible to profit from accommodation establishments: certain advantages. Some examples of these advantages are: • Acceptance of cycle tourists, even for one night only, • the establishment is mentioned on the web • Save and dry overnight bicycle site of “Cycling in Switzerland”, shelter, • the establishment is indicated by means of • Bicycle pump and tools the distinct symbol of “Cycling in Switzerland”, available to the cyclists, which can be applied in several ways, for • Possibility to clean and dry example by means of a flag, clothing, • the establishment is mentioned in the official • Availability of a bath/shower, cycling route guides for Switzerland, • Availability of practical • the promotion for the establishment will in part information (Tourist Information be done by the “Foundation Cycling in Office, Bicycle rental, etc.), Switzerland” and Tourism Switzerland via • Availability and/or distribution of publicity and events where the media are maps or cycling route guides. present.

12 2.1.6 Some numbers on the Swiss cycle tourism industry8

Definitions The definitions and data used in this section of the report come from the report “Counting and Interviewing 20049”. These definitions are used to maintain uniformity between the report of the “Foundation Cycling in Switzerland” and the numbers used in this report.

Table 1: Definitions

Vacation trip Short trip Day trip > 2 overnight stays 1 - 2 overnight stays 0 overnight stays

Length and duration of a cycling tour Bicycle vacation trips involve a minimal distance of 350 kilometers and are in average about 7 days in duration. In general, the daily distance cycled in bicycle vacation trips amounts to about 50 kilometers. Bicycle short trips are characterized by a similar daily distance (about 50 kilometers), and usually cover about 130 kilometers in total, since the average bicycle short trip is a little over 2 days in duration. Bicycle day trips usually have a length of 45 kilometers.

Table 2: Length and duration of a cycling tour Average Vacation Short Day trip trip trip

Distance (km) 350 km 130 km 45 km Daily cycling distance (km) 50 km 54 km 45 km Duration (days) 7.2 days 2.4 days 1 day

It should be noted that 87% of the interviewed cyclists are on a bicycle day trip. About 40% of the interviewed cyclists have an average daily cycling distance between 26 and 50 kilometers. About 15% cycles up to 25 kilometers in average. Around 20% of the interviewed cyclists have a 51 to 75 kilometers average.

Short trips usually have a higher average daily cycling distance than vacation trips. The day trip usually has a shorter average daily cycling distance than the other two. Long day trips do occur, but they are rare. They can however involve distances of over 100 kilometers, usually cycled by the more sportive cyclist.

Number of people (in a group)

Table 3: Number of people (in a group) Number of people Vacation Short Day (in a group) trip trip trip 1 4% 3% 22% 2 39% 37% 51% 3 12% 30% 6% 4 22% 14% 12% >5 22% 16% 9%

It should be noted that around 6% of the cyclists are children between the ages of 0 and 19, who are most likely traveling with their families. The study shows that the percentage of children (people under 20 years of age) cycling rises to ±25% when we look at cycling vacation trips.

8 “FOUNDATION CYCLING IN SWITZERLAND”, Zählung und Befragung 2004, Bern, Switzerland, June 2005. 9 The original German name is: Zählung und Befragung 2004

Panoramic view of canton Schwyz in Switzerland

Age and sex The average age of a cyclist is 47. In general, the group of people between the ages of 50 to 59 is best represented. The group of people between the ages of 40 to 49 comes in second. About 20% of the cyclists interviewed come from the group 60+.

60% percent of the cyclists are male. The average age of cycling women is 43, for men this number is 49. For women the 40 to 49 group is best represented, for men the group of 50 to 59.

When cycling vacation trips are concerned, the average age is significantly lower (40 to 49 years) than the average age in day trips (50 to 59 years). For the short trip cyclists we see that the majority is between the ages of 30 and 39. It is interesting to see that in the short trip segment the women make up a 57% majority.

Origin of the cyclists The vast majority of the cyclists interviewed for the report “Zählung und Befragung 2004 Veloland Schweiz” are Swiss citizens. For the vacation (16%) and short trip (12%) cyclists a respectable number of cyclists are from German origin. Other (neighboring) countries have a 4% market share when vacation and short trips in Switzerland are concerned. 96% of the day trip cyclists are Swiss. The other 4% either started their trip in a neighboring country and crossed the Swiss border while en route, or are on a holiday close to the Swiss border and decided to go for a day trip in Switzerland.

Use of the national cycling routes Almost 2 out of 3 cyclists were aware of the fact that they were cycling on one of the Swiss national cycling routes. Awareness of the cycle routes (network) is bigger with the vacation and short trip cyclists than with the day trip cyclists.

Accommodation Almost 50% of the interviewed cyclists spend the night in a hotel. Youth hostel and camping are the second popular type of accommodation with 13% each. Sleeping at a farm or similar accommodation is preferred by 8%, while Bed & Breakfast is selected by 6%. About 5% of the interviewed cyclists stay with relatives or friends. 7% of the people make other arrangements, which remain unnamed in the study.

Table 4: Use of accommodation Type of accommodation Vacation trip Short trip Hotel 38% 73% Youth Hostel 17% 5% Camping 17% 5% Farm 9% 6% Bed & Breakfast 8% 1% Relative / Friend 3% 6% Other 10% 2%

14 Organizing a trip About 40% of the cyclists, who organized their trip themselves, book all or part of their accommodation in advance. However, the majority does not book in advance. With short trips the percentage of bookings is higher than with vacation trips.

Table 5: Reservation of accommodation Booked in advance Vacation Short trip trip All nights 20% 41% Part of the nights 17% 10% None 56% 44%

The vast majority of cycling trips is organized privately. About 7% of the cycling trips are organized via a travel agency or tour operator.

Daily expenditure People on a vacation trip in average spend around 100 Swiss Franks (CHF) a day. Accommodation accounts for the biggest part of the expense with CHF45, foods and beverages come in second at CHF40, transportation represents CHF15 and other expenses add up to CHF5. People on a short trip usually spend less, about CHF70. On a day trip in average CHF13 is spend, for the greater part on foods and beverages.

Table 6: Daily expenditure in CHF

Expenditure Vacation Short Day

trip trip trip

Foods and beverages 40 30 10

Transport 15 5 2

Accommodation 45 30 -

Other 5 5 1

Total 110 70 13

Economic results The annual revenue connected to the number of “Cycling in Switzerland” trips is 130 Million Swiss francs for the year 2004. The main revenue from vacation trips and short trips comes from accommodation use. During day trips the highest revenue comes from foods and beverages consumed.

Table 7: Annual revenue on the National cycling routes for 2004 (in million CHF) Revenue from: Vacation Short Day Total trip trip trip Foods and beverages 20 7 43 70 Transport 8 2 10 20 Accommodation 25 10 0 35 Other 2 1 2 5 Total 55 20 55 130

Cycle tourism contributes to the economic development of Switzerland and stimulates regional development. Every year regions benefit from the visiting cycle tourists. The annual revenue caused by cycle tourism shows that the money put into the “Cycling in Switzerland” network is a promising investment for the future.

15 2.2 The best practices

2.2.1 Example 1: The Heart Route What will happen if one wants to develop a cycling route accessible to anyone in a hilly or mountainous area, an area which is now only accessible to the more sportive cyclists? How to attract big numbers of cycle tourists in such a geographical context, especially when the vast majority of statistics teaches us that the biggest group of cycle tourists is between the ages of 50 and 59?

The Heart Route in the Emmental Region has been chosen as a best practice example for several reasons:

• this example demonstrates an original way of transforming a problem into a business opportunity, • it shows how to make the most of available new technologies, • it makes an entire region more accessible by using only clean forms of energy and transportation, • this example has a marketing strategy that lets all partners in this project benefit, • with a little creativity, the structure and the shape of this example can be adapted and applied to many other places in the world.

16 The Emmental region and the Heart Route10

Emmental The Emmental region is known for its hilly landscape, its rural character and of course for its world famous cheese, which carries the same name as the region. As a genuine playground for the amateur outdoor lover, this region can be found in between the Jura mountain range and the Bernese Alps. The diversity of its landscape manages to seduce the tourists to visit every year. Accessible and central, this touristy region is organized to answer to the visitors’ needs. Different types of accommodation, package deals and organized tours can be found here. And finally the Canton of Bern offers several well signaled, regional cycling routes which allow tourists to visit the Emmental region.

Figure 4: Geographical location of the Emmental region

History of the Heart Route The Heart Route was originally planned to be part of the 10th Swiss national cycling route, which would become a part of the national network of “Cycling in Switzerland”. For financial reasons this project was not realized, but the desire to create a route remained.

Figure 5: Cities in the proximity of the Heart Route

The profound desire of Pro-Emmental (the organization responsible for the touristy and economical development of this region) to develop a bicycle route has been shared by several other parties involved. This is why the specialists at the Bureau for Mobility11 have defined this welcome bicycle route. This route, which was baptized “Heart Route”, was inaugurated July 10th 2003, and it suggests an itinerary which crosses the Emmental region, Oberaargau and the Luzerner Hinterland.

10 The original German name is: Herzroute 11 The original German name is: Büro für Mobilität

17 The assets of the Heart Route The Heart Route suggests to cyclists to be amazed by the omnipresent nature. Over a total length of 55 kilometers and with an altitude difference of 1400 meters, one can take in the unwinding of forests, summits, valleys and picturesque villages. In the contrary to most cycling routes, which usually go through the valleys of a mountainous area, the Heart Route offers a track over the top of the hills. Criss-crossing through this hilly landscape it offers the cyclists a view that does justice to the real beauty of this area. Because the route follows rural tracks, the cyclists are in direct contact with the local culture and communities. Beautifully maintained old farms, the hospitality of the local accommodation providers, the visible and touchable history and the presence of cultural activities in the area are just a few examples of what the area has to offer. On the Heart Route

Local issues As mentioned, cycling at higher altitude offers a very pleasant view. However, not everyone can conquer these climbs with the same ease. A huge challenge lies within the marketing of the Heart Route, for it has to charm all cyclists to make them visit the Heart Route and not only the sportive ones amongst them. And what if the choice of a specific kind of bicycle can bring the solution to this problem?

Partnership The project of the Heart Route has been realized with the participation of several partners. Strategic alliances between these partners are the ideal solution for all parties involved in the Heart Route project. One of the strategic partners is the electrical bicycle company Biketec AG (Flyer bikes). The possibility to experiment this cycling route by electrical bicycle makes the Heart Route accessible to a larger audience. As the matter of fact, the slogan which is being used to promote the use of the Flyer bikes in the Emmental region is: “With a Flyer bike, we make the Emmental flat”. Figure 6: Itinerary of the Heart Route

People who want to accomplish the Heart Route by electrical bicycle have the possibility to rent one of these bikes via another Heart Route partner, Rent a Bike. In total, six service points are at the disposal of the customer. This way, the customer can rent a bicycle at the point where he starts the Heart Route. The bicycle rental stations can be found at the train station in Burgdorf,

18 Hasle-Rüegsau and in Willisau. The Heart Route itinerary allows the cyclists to return the rental bicycle at all three of these rental locations, or at one of three additional service points in Ramsei, Sumiswald and Huttwil. The train can easily be used to return to the point of departure.

One can prolong the bicycle trip in the Emmental area by turning it into a short vacation, including several short day trips. Hospitality services in the area answer to the needs of the cyclists, no matter whether they are on a one day trip or on a vacation.

The use of electrical bicycles requires the use of batteries. For this reason two battery exchange stations are included in the route, so that the cyclists don’t have to carry their own spare batteries. The partners who are responsible for these two battery exchange stations are Emmental Show Dairy12 and hotel Landgasthof Bären in Madiswil. The stops included in the itinerary to change the battery can also provide a welcome moment to take a look around or to eat and drink something.

Emmental Show Dairy “Bicycle garden“ of hotel Landgasthof Bären Madiswil13

Marketing The Heart Route is a good example of cross marketing. All individual partners in the Heart Route project have a personal interest in this project’s success. Their cooperation is the strong point of the Heart Route. Professionalism and motivation of everyone involved have resulted in the set up of the Heart Route within one year. The synergy of efforts for promotion and the sharing of information and clientele networks have created a win-win situation.

Partner benefits The direct benefits for the partners are extensive:

• there are more cycle tourists in the Emmental, Oberaargau and Luzerner Hinterland areas than before, • the railway company transports more people, • the company Rent a Bike rents out more (electrical) bicycles, • the Biketec company has more visibility and thus increases the sales of its electrical “Flyer” bicycle, • the hospitality service establishments in the area receive more guests, • the touristy attractions in the area get more visitors.

Starting from the 2006 season, package deals, including services of several partners, will be part of the Heart Route’s cycle touristy offer.

12 The original German name is: Emmentaler Schaukäserei AG 13 The original German name is: Velogarten

Signalization Since 2003, the signalization of the Heart Route has been a little bit particular. A marker on the ground consisting of the logo of the Heart Route and an arrow showed the cyclists in which direction to go whenever the route was not self explicable. In order to give the cyclists some extra guiding tools, a bicycle map and a free tour guide booklet are given at the bicycle rental station at the start of the route. These tools include a complete route description with photos and valuable advice concerning the Heart Route. Starting from the 2006 season, the signalization of the Heart Route will respect the uniformity guide lines of the “Foundation Cycling in Switzerland”. All the markers on the ground will be replaced by the signposts as used throughout Switzerland. The logo of the Heart Route will be integrated in this new signalization. © Herzroute What does the Heart Route bring its users? The Heart Route allows cyclists of any caliber to visit the Emmental region by bicycle. It proposes a unique experience of one or several days in the outdoors where several visits can be combined.

Emmental landscape, Switzerland

Inspiring project for regional development At present, several Swiss areas would like to develop a similar cooperation to the one we find in the Heart Route project. The issue concerning the difference in altitude and the level of difficulty of the cycling routes in some regions creates a considerable challenge to overcome when the development of new clientele and the improvement of the accessibility of an area to a larger public are concerned. Offering a rental station with electrical bicycles just might be the ideal solution to this challenge.

Useful links www.herzroute.ch www.emmental.ch www.biketec.ch www.rentabike.ch

3 Cycle tourism in Germany Figure 7: Map of Germany

Germany has a population of over 82 million people. With a total surface of 350,000 km2, it is divided into 16 States. The official language is German. The country, which shares its borders with Denmark, The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic and Poland, is part of the European Union and uses the Euro (€) as its currency.

The development model for cycle tourism in Germany is not uniform at a national level. For this reason, only one of the 16 States will be illustrated for this study. The State focused on in this study is North Rhine- Westphalia. It has been selected because it represents an exemplary model in the field of management and promotion of the cycle tourism industry.

3.1 North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW)14 North Rhine-Westphalia is the most densely populated State in Germany with almost 18 million inhabitants. Situated in the west of the country, this State borders on Belgium, Luxembourg and The Netherlands. The © Universität Tübingen other States bordering NRW are Rhineland-Palatinate in the south, Hesse in the west and Lower Saxony in the north.

3.1.1 History of the development of cycle tourism in the State NRW Over the course of the last 30 years, around 1.3 billion Euros have been spent in the State NRW on the construction of 7,500 kilometers of cycling lanes. The goals of these constructions were:

• to offer a cycling network with uniform signalization throughout the whole State, • to create connections between communities as well as between train stations, local cycling networks and thematic cycling routes, • to promote the use of secure and comfortable cycling routes, • to offer (whenever possible direct and short) cycling routes through beautiful landscapes and, • to improve cycle tourism and the local economy.

The State NRW has financed 100% of the primary outfitting (materials and costs related to installation) concerned with the construction of the cycling network in the State. The installation of signs has been realized by specialized companies, while the supervision was the responsibility of the State Company called “Roads”.

14 The original German name is: Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW)

21 The road owner of the route where signs have been installed has the responsibility to maintain it adequately. The different road owners are:

• the Federal State, for the State routes, • the counties, for the county routes, • the municipalities, for the other routes.

Today, the State NRW possesses an exemplary cycle tourism offer.

3.1.2 Organization of the cycle tourism industry in the State NRW

Figure 8: Organization chart illustrating the organization of the cycle tourism industry of the State NRW Lobby Tourism Politics

Germany DTV (DZT) BMVBS BMWI (Federal) ADFC (International (infrastructure) (tourism) promotion) | | | | | | | | | | | | NRW Tourism NRW MBV MWME (State) ADFC (State (infrastructure) (tourism) promotion) | | | | | | | | | | | | Municipality 11 touristy Cities and (Local) ADFC regions in Counties AGFS NRW (infrastructure)

Three different governmental levels are shown in colour at the left side of the organization chart. These levels are: Federal level, State level (this study focuses on NRW) and the Local level. Three principal fields are distinguished in the cycle tourism industry, being the field of “Lobby”, “Tourism” and “Politics”.

ADFC The ADFC is a non profit organization which is represented at Federal level, State level as well as at Local level. This cycling club is a lobby group which defends the rights of cyclists in Germany. The ADFC exists since 1979 and has 110,000 members today to whom several services are offered. This organization aims to, amongst other things, improve the conditions for transportation by bicycle, promote bicycle use as a means of ecological transportation and protect the consumers when the quality of products offered in the cycling industry is concerned.

Federal level At first it is the Federal Ministry of Traffic, Construction and Urban Development (BMVBS) which is in charge of the management of the infrastructure. Second, it is the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs (BMWI) which is concerned with the section tourism. Together they cover the sector of cycle tourism and help finance the States in order to let them handle further development. In the field of Tourism, the Organization for Tourism Germany (DTV) and the German National Tourist Board (DZT) are in charge of the international promotion and marketing of Germany.

Organization of cycle tourism in the State NRW Every year, the Ministry of Construction and Traffic of the State NRW (MBV) receives approximately 20 to 25 million Euros coming from the Federal Ministry of Traffic, Construction and Urban Development (BMVBS) to invest in the construction and the maintenance of

22 infrastructure developed for cyclists. At the same time, the Ministry for Economic Affairs, Small Enterprises and Energy (MWME) helps finance the activities of Tourism NRW, which is in charge of the promotion of the cycle tourism industry of the State.

The local authorities of the State NRW The State NRW consists of several touristy regions. In every one of these regions all the local authorities, such as cities and counties, are represented. Being landowners, these authorities are concerned with the concrete actions in the field. The construction and maintenance of the cycling lanes are their responsibilities.

3.1.3 Strategic alliances Several types of partnerships exist in North Rhine-Westphalia. Among them we find the group AGFS which is composed of 36 cities and communities. AGFS is for 90% financed by the Ministry of Construction and Traffic of the State NRW (MBV) and for 10% by the Ministry for Economic Affairs, Small Enterprises and Energy (MWME). This group meets twice a month in order to find ways to make sure that cities and communities become more accessible, safer and are constructed for a higher quality of living, in which not only motorized transport is included, but where non-motorized transportation has a central spot when it comes down to short-distance transportation.

The bicycle makes up an important part of the development of cities and communities because it represents an ideal means of transportation in many cases. For example, about 50% of all car use takes place for distances in between 0.1 to 5 kilometers. For the cities and communities there is a lot to be gained by making the cities and communities more bicycle and pedestrian friendly.

3.1.4 Cycling network The cycling network of the State NRW is composed of 23,500 kilometers of cycling lanes, divided in 13,500 kilometers of signaled routes and 10,000 kilometers of thematic routes. The uniformity of the signalization is an essential part of the development of the infrastructure for cycle tourists.

In the State NRW, the signaled routes are represented by a rectangular sign which shows the direction to follow by means of an arrow. On the sign, the name of one or more destinations can be found, including the distance to travel in kilometers. The typography is in red and a pictogram of a bicycle is also shown on the sign. The signs including a destination are usually posted at intersections where more than two directions meet. Besides this, smaller signs exist which indicate the direction to follow without naming the destination every time. © MBV NRW

The thematic routes have their own independent logos and can be added to the signs of the signaled routes whenever these routes follow the same bicycle lanes, or they can be signposted on their own. Every thematic route is represented by a different logo. In total, a choice of 33 trans regional thematic routes and 23 regional thematic routes exists.

23 3.1.5 Network of hospitality services “Bett&Bike” is a certification created by the ADFC and is attributed to certain establishments which meet a certain number of criteria adapted to the needs of cyclists. A list of specific criteria exists for every type of establishment.

The number of certified Bett&Bike establishment is growing rapidly. In 1995, 216 establishments could be counted in Germany, ten years later this number is around 4,000. At present, Bett&Bike establishments can be found in 2,146 cities and villages situated throughout the entire country. © ADFC 3.1.6 Some numbers on the German cycle tourism industry The State NRW does not have any numbers explaining the position of the State. However, every year, the ADFC produces an analysis15 concerning traveling by bicycle in Germany. Based on that analysis, this section provides a short description of numbers concerning the cycle tourism industry in Germany for the year 2004.

More than a day trip German cycle tourism is gaining in popularity. In fact, in 2004 a growth of 8.9% can be seen in the bicycle trips lasting longer than one day compared to 2003.

Table 8: Number of Germans traveling by bicycle for more than one day Year Participation (in millions of persons) 2003 2.25 2004 2.45

Germany as a destination for cycle tourism The German cycling network remains popular amongst German cyclists. In fact, over one third of the cyclists interviewed (37%) has chosen the homeland as their destination. From this group, 76% says that the vacation spent on a bicycle in Germany represents their main holiday for the year.

When international travel is concerned, the most popular destinations around Germany are:

• Switzerland, • The Netherlands, • Austria, • the Provence region in France.

Economic benefits In 2005, the analysis produced by the ADFC also focuses on the Route along the Saale River, situated in the south-east of the country. Here are the conclusions which can be drawn from the analysis:

Saale River Route Number of cyclists counted: 280,000 Number of cyclists on a more than one day trip: 43,000 Average duration of a more than one day trip: 5 days Daily expenditure of cyclists on a more than one day trip: 57 Euros Total expenses made by cyclists during a more than one day trip in 2004: 12,000,000 Euros

15 ADFC Radreiseanalyse 2005

24 3.2 The best practices

3.2.1 Example 2: The Bicycle Route Planner16 What would you say about a new technological development which would allow you to plan the itinerary for your next bicycle trip? Would you be ready to use a GPS receiver installed directly on the handle bar, pointing you in the right direction for the next part of your trip?

The Bicycle Route Planner has been chosen as a best practice example for the following reasons:

• it suggests to use new technologies available on the market, • it is adapted to cyclist’s needs, • it illustrates and promotes the entire cycle touristy offer of the region, • it is accessible from virtually anywhere through the use of the internet, • this technology can be developed for and adapted to any other region in the world.

16 The original German name is: RadRouten Planer

25 The State North Rhine-Westphalia and the Bicycle Route Planner

North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia is Germany’s most acknowledged State for the quality of its cycling infrastructure. The variety in its landscapes and the nearness of cultural attractions make the itinerary very attractive to cycle tourists visiting the region. The numerous itineraries allow for getaways of short or long duration in which cyclists of any level can find something to their liking. And finally, North Rhine-Westphalia is the State where the famous 100 castles Route of Münsterland can be found.

Figure 9: Map showing North Rhine-Westphalia

History of the Bicycle Route Planner Over the course of the last three decennia, important investments have been made in the construction of the cycling lanes in the State North Rhine-Westphalia. The improvements to the network of the region have resulted in an increase of the use of bicycles as a means of transportation.

The 23,500 kilometers of cycling lanes of this State are composed of signaled routes as well as thematic routes. Based on this important cycling network, the Ministry of Construction and Traffic of the State North Rhine-Westphalia (MBV NRW) has included in its web site an original technological tool in 2003: the Bicycle Route Planner.

Bonn University Signs in NRW The Rhine River

26 What is the Bicycle Route Planner? The Bicycle Route Planner has been developed especially for cyclists. It is a tool which uses information technology to plan a route from point A, to point B and if so desired, via point C. It is accessible for free on the website of the Ministry of Construction and Traffic of the State North Rhine-Westphalia (MBV NRW). The result of any search done with this program covers the surface of the entire State. This way thousands of possible itineraries are just a few mouse clicks away.

Its use closely resembles the use of route planners for motorized transportation. The main difference is that only cycle routes are included in the suggested itineraries. A choice can be made for either the shortest route or the most attractive route. Besides this, several other elements are included in the Bicycle Route Planner, such as:

• the needs of the cyclists, • the use of the safest bicycle lane possible, • special options such as “preference for a thematic route” or “avoiding steep grades”, • additional touristy information, • location of train stations, • the possibility to plan a route from one address to another, • the use of interactive cartography technology, • instructions concerning directions, • data necessary for the use of GPS.

Figure 10: Example of a window showing additional information Interactive maps The interactive maps offer additional information concerning touristy attractions, train stations, bicycle parkings, touristy information and Bett&Bike accommodation. By clicking on one of the symbols displayed on a map, a new window opens providing even more information concerning the selected subject. This information is kept up to date by tourist organizations. They do so with the help of an editing program which is accessible via Internet.

It is possible to use a zoom function to see more details on the maps. Depending on the level of zoom, several maps are shown up until a 1:10,000 scale, which allows one to read the names of the streets.

27 How does the interactive map work? To start the planning of a route, a starting point (A), destination (B), and possibly a point in between (C) have to be selected. Another possibility is to directly use two specific addresses. It should be noted that those two addresses have to be situated within the geographical limits of North Rhine-Westphalia. In total, 3.8 million addresses are included in the system.

A special algorithm has been developed to make maximum use of the existing cycling network. This network is referred to as the primary network. The first goal is to use safe bicycle routes, whether these routes go over the thematic routes or over the signaled routes which form the cycling network of the State NRW. The second goal is to have access to the 3.8 million addresses included in the system.

On top of the primary network, a secondary network is used. This network consists of roads accessible to motorized vehicles and bicycles. This second network covers around 235,000 kilometers.

It is possible to feed the point of departure, the destination and the point in between into the program by clicking on the map or inserting the correct addresses. This information provides the geographical codes used by the algorithm.

The algorithm assures that the suggested route makes maximum use of the primary network and that the secondary network will only be used to have access to the primary network, for instance from the point of departure or before arriving at the destination. On the map, the primary network is shown in red and the secondary network in blue.

Figure 11: Example of the primary and secondary network

The thematic routes The thematic routes are also accessible through the Bicycle Route Planner. On top of obtaining a map indicating the route to follow, it is possible to get additional information which helps the user to complete the itinerary of the trip he is planning. Examples of additional information are information about accommodation, things to see and do and useful Internet links.

28 The use of GPS For every calculated route, the program provides an interactive map indicating the distance, the difference in altitude and the direction to follow including the street name as well as the bicycle signs one will find along the route. It is possible to download the data from this program into a GPS receiver in order to execute the tour guided by GPS.

A cyclist can use his own GPS receiver. It is also possible to rent a GPS receiver at several tourist offices and other locations in the State NRW. Of course it is also possible to print the information on paper. print

download on a GPS receiver

distance

altitude difference

direction to follow signs to be found along the route name of the street © MBV NRW

The success of the Bicycle Route Planner The use of the Bicycle Route Planner is becoming more and more popular. The number of visitors on the web site of the Ministry has been increasing ever since the creation of the Bicycle Route Planner in 2003. On top of its popularity with the public, this product has been awarded the “Best for Bike” price in 2004 by the Ministry of Transport of North Rhine-Westphalia. This price is awarded for the best decision stimulating the use of the bicycle.

At present, the Bicycle Route Planner is a tool that belongs to the Ministry of Construction and Traffic of the State North Rhine-Westphalia (MBV NRW). It has been created and tailor fitted to the needs of the Ministry by an engineering firm. However, it is clear that this product may be used as a model for other regions or countries anywhere in the world.

Useful link www.radroutenplaner.nrw.de

29 3.2.2 Example 3: Bodensee-Radweg Service Why do some companies choose for a marketing strategy that does not only benefit their own promotion, but also the one of their competitors? How does such a company succeed at distinguishing itself from the others? Is there an advantage to offering more than what is asked?

The Bodensee-Radweg Service was selected as a best practice example for the following reasons:

• it uses cross-marketing strategies which allow the company to distinguish itself while promoting an entire region, • it answers to the needs of cycle tourists who prepare and execute a bicycle trip, • it offers an original way of improving existing services in an already strongly developed region, • it offers a complete web site when information is concerned, • it can serve as a model for other regions or countries.

Vineyard on the shores of Lake Constance

30 Bodensee-Radweg Service and Lake Constance

Lake Constance Lake Constance, named “Bodensee” in German, is the biggest lake of Germany with a surface of 536 km2. Located south of the States Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, it also borders on Switzerland and Austria. The Lake Constance region is a well visited touristy area. Its mild climate and the beauty of its surrounding landscapes turn this region into a very popular destination.

Figure 12: Map illustrating Figure 13: Map illustrating the State Baden-Württemberg the State Bavaria

The history of the Lake Constance Route17 The first steps taken to signal a bicycle route on the banks of Lake Constance date back to 1984. In close cooperation, cities and communities chose a route which was signaled in a uniform way. This first segment of the Bodensee was opened to the public in spring 1985.

Hoping to further develop the Lake Constance area and not only create a route along the German part of the lake, but around the entire lake, in 1986 a start was made to develop the international route. This is how the Lake Constance Route became an international route, crossing Germany, Switzerland and Austria, the three countries surrounding the lake. This international Lake Constance Route was opened to the public in May 1988.

Since 1988, people have been working to improve the Lake Constance Route. In 1997 the Bett&Bike concept of the ADFC was introduced in Baden-Württemberg. About 37 of these businesses can be found at Lake Constance today.

At present, the Lake Constance Route offers about 260 kilometers of cycling lanes and is one of the best valued cycling routes of the country.

17 The original German name is: Bodensee Radweg

31 Bodensee-Radweg Service Bodensee-Radweg Service is a company which makes good use of the existing cycle tourism offer on the Lake Constance Route. Its close cooperation with “Tourism Lake Constance International18” allows it to be the “official” service provider for the Lake Constance Route. In this position, it offers numerous services aimed at cycle tourists, all with the goal to promote the region as a whole. This cross marketing strategy allows the company to position itself as the reference when spending time at the shores of Lake Constance is concerned.

Figure 14: Map of the Lake Constance Route

Some services offered by Bodensee-Radweg Service Bodensee-Radweg Service manages to find niches in the market that have not yet been developed or that have been developed in a non-optimal way. By improving certain services already offered in the area, they distinguish themselves through their sense for quality.

Information Through the web site www.bodensee-radweg.com, it is possible to find an answer to any question a cycle tourist may have. In fact, through the web site, it is possible to obtain any information necessary to plan a complete bicycle trip. Touristy attractions, accommodation, restaurants, tourist offices, recreational activities, package deals, geographical maps and ferry information make up a part of the subjects addressed on the web site. By including information about all the fields of activity related to tourism, Bodensee-Radweg Service distinguishes itself from its competitors.

Distribution of brochures One of the services that have been improved around Lake Constance is the accessibility of touristy brochures through numerous brochure stands. These stands are provided and kept up to date by the Bodensee-Radweg Service. They are located at different places accessible to cyclists traveling around Lake Constance, for instance at the reception of certain hotels in which cyclists can spend their nights. On top of having improved the way in which the material is presented, Bodensee-Radweg Service makes sure that the stands always have the quantity of brochures needed to answer to the tourists’ needs.

18 The orginal German name is : Internationalen Bodensee Tourismus

32 There are several advantages to cooperation, both for the participating companies, for the Bodensee-Radweg Service and for the tourists. Some of these advantages are:

• tourists easily recognize and identify an information point through uniformity of the stands, • the stands are continuously kept up to date, • the companies participating in the distribution network get more visibility in their targeted market, • the companies that do business with Bodensee-Radweg Service do not have to worry about the distribution of their brochures, • Bodensee-Radweg Service makes money with the service it provides.

Mailing service Another service provided by the Bodensee-Radweg Service is the mailing service for participating companies. And again, this cooperation ensures that all partners involved benefit.

The Bodensee-Radweg Service has invested significantly into a well developed, reliable software system which allows them to keep track of anyone requesting information through any of the web sites of the cooperating companies.

This is how it works: • Mister X is planning his cycling trip around Lake Constance, • Mister X goes onto the web site of Hotel A, which is located somewhere at Lake Constance and does business with the Bodensee-Radweg Service, • Mister X orders the brochure of Hotel A through the web site of Hotel A, • at the moment Mister X sends his request to the hotel, a copy of the request is received in the software system of the Bodensee-Radweg Service, • this request remains in the database of the Bodensee-Radweg Service for a certain, short time buffering period, for instance 24 hours, • if within this buffering period another request for information from Mister X is received about any of the other companies that do business with the Bodensee-Radweg Service, these requests will be combined, • at the end of the buffering period Bodensee-Radweg Service will send all the requested documentation to Mister X via regular (paper) mail, • making good use of the geographical position of Lake Constance, the Bodensee-Radweg Service can choose the country where they will take the mail to the post office, to further reduce costs.

Luggage transport This company also offers luggage transport for cyclists traveling around Lake Constance. This service is offered from any type of accommodation chosen More than 95% of the cyclists by a cyclist anywhere around the lake. It is possible to traveling at the Lake Constance arrange luggage transport over the phone or simply at the organize their trip individually. reception of the chosen establishment. It is also possible Mainly for this market, Bodensee- to plan an itinerary in advance and fill out a form through Radweg Service offers luggage the Internet, on which all nights are specified. Luggage transport. transport is only provided around the lake in a clockwise manner, because this direction provides the best view of the lake for the cyclists.

Hotel reservation It is possible to book one or several nights at a hotel through the Bodensee-Radweg Service. Functioning in a similar way as the software used by many airline companies, the Bodensee- Radweg Service software allows seeing the availability of rooms in participating hotels in “real time”. Thus it is possible to process a booking and always offer the best price available on the market.

33 Packages Bodensee-Radweg Service offers a number of packages for cycle tourists wishing to visit the Lake Constance region, in order to facilitate the organization of their trip. Package deals can be booked online and may include several services. A few examples are:

• accommodation, possibly including breakfast, • luggage transportation, • possibility of bike rental, • guides and maps of the cycling route, • 24 hours telephone service.

The duration of the suggested trip in the package deals can be adapted to the wish of the traveler. Several options are available in order to adjust the length of the trip. Here are two examples:

To get into position in an already very developed region The cycle tourism industry generates considerable economic benefits to certain well known areas around the world. These impressive numbers stimulate several countries to further develop their cycle tourism industry by creating an original and competitive offer.

At the same time, several locations for cycle tourism are already well developed. Lake Constance is a good example of these regions. To distinguish oneself in such a region presents a rather different challenge than the one provided in the situation where development still needs to start.

Bodensee-Radweg Service has been chosen as a best practice example to demonstrate what can be realized, trying to get into position in an already developed region. The improvement of products and services is a niche in which it is possible to excel.

Useful links www.bodensee-radweg.com www.bodensee-tourismus.com www.bodenseeferien.de

34 4 Cycle tourism in The Netherlands

4.1 The Netherlands Figure 15: Map of The Netherlands The Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. This country, with over 16 million inhabitants, has a total surface of almost 42,000km2. The Netherlands is formed by 12 provinces and shares its borders with Belgium and Germany. The North Sea can be found to the west and north of the country.

As a member of the European Union, The Netherlands has the Euro (€) as its currency. The inhabitants of the country are called Dutch and the official languages are Dutch and Frisian (the latter is spoken only in the province Friesland). The Netherlands is the European part of the Kingdom of The Netherlands, which includes the Dutch Antilles and Aruba. The Constitutional Monarchy is represented by Her Majesty the © 1clic1planet.com Queen Beatrix.

4.1.1 History of the development of cycle tourism in The Netherlands The bicycle represents a long tradition in The Netherlands. In fact, the use of this means of transportation started with a daily reality, both in the bigger cities and in the more rural areas. However, only in 1987 the Foundation Landelijk Fietsplatform (National Cycling platform) was founded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food quality and the “ANWB” in order to form a central organization in cycle tourism. The goal of this foundation is to improve the infrastructure for recreational cyclists and cycle tourism, and to promote its use.

The quality of infrastructure and the services offered to cyclists are not just terms used by the Foundation. In fact, they represent issues which are the concern of the Dutch politicians. Several reasons explain this interest. Here are some of them:

• it forms the basis for recreational activities, • it improves the quality of life in a region, • it makes a region more attractive to tourists, • it has a positive impact on people’s health and reduces the abusive use of the automobile, • it generates interesting economic benefits for a region.

National Route LF 20, The Netherlands National Route LF 20, The Netherlands

35 4.1.2 Organization of the Dutch cycle tourism industry

Figure 16: Organization chart illustrating the organization of the cycle tourism industry in The Netherlands

Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food quality (Min.LNV)

12 Provinces

Stichting Landelijk Fietsplatform

ANWB Fietsersbond NTFU RAI / Stichting Fiets

The Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food quality (Min. LNV) is responsible for the “recreation” of the country. Every year, it gives an amount of ±870,000 Euros to the Foundation Landelijk Fietsplatform so that this organization can develop the national cycling routes in The Netherlands. From 2007, this responsibility and the money will be handed to the provinces. Because of this transfer of power from the Ministry of LNV, no more money will go directly to the Foundation. Starting in 2007, the signalization and the development of routes will continue to be financed for 50% by the federal level and for 50% by the provincial level. The maintenance of the routes will be financed by the local authorities.

The Foundation Landelijk Fietsplatform has two primary functions: • being the national expert and the national coordination center, • being in charge of the project concerning the national bicycle network (LF routes).

On top of the 12 provinces and some representatives of the Ministry of LNV, four other members are part of the Foundation: • the ANWB organization defends the interests of its members on several subjects such as recreation, tourism and transport. This Union plays an important role, not only for automobile users, but also for cyclists by offering different kinds of service and assistance. They provide information services, are involved in the signalization and give advice to their members. It should be noted that the ANWB already exists for 125 years and that this organization was founded by a group of cyclists, • the Fietsersbond is a union of cyclists with 33,000 members. This union lobbies for the improvement of the conditions for cyclists in The Netherlands, • the NTFU is a union of bicycle clubs which defends the interests of its members. It represents around 500 clubs and almost 40,000 individual members. The NTFU wants to make sure that the bicycle clubs can practice their sport or leisure activities in an optimal manner, • the RAI / Stichting Fiets is the organization which represents the total bicycle industry.

Communicating the Dutch cycle tourism offer In The Netherlands, the communication of the cycle tourism offer is divided over three organizations: • The Netherlands Board of Tourism and conventions at the international level, • Stichting Landelijk Fietsplatform at the national level, • VVV at the local level.

36 4.1.3 Cycling network Figure 17: Map of the national The LF Routes are the long distance national cycling network LF cycling routes which make up the network of national cycling lanes. In total, it measures 6,500 kilometers, of which 4,000 kilometers are signaled. The routes can be recognized by the rectangular signs showing the LF logo accompanied by a number and a letter (a / b) which allow you to identify the direction. All the LF routes have a fitting name. The LF Routes mainly aim for the market of cyclists who wish to spend their more than one day vacation on a bicycle. At present, the development of these routes is the responsibility of the Foundation Landelijk Fietsplatform.

Loops are individual routes which are represented by a hexagonal sign. Every province has a vast selection of these Loop-routes which generally have a length of 20 to 80 kilometers. As the name indicates, the Loop- © Landelijk Fietsplatform routes form a round trip, serving a market of cyclists wishing to make a day trip.

On top of the provincial Loop-routes there are 10 “Super Loops” which cross the borders of the province. In fact, these Super Loops are long distance tours which can be integrated in a travel offer of more than one day. Their itineraries vary from 165 to 462 kilometers.

The Regional Network is a new route system which was inspired by a

model used in Belgium. Where the LF Routes and the Loops can mostly be realized without a map, the Regional Network requires the use of a map in order to plan the route to follow. The way it works is very simple. On the map the cyclist chooses a starting and arrival point. Depending on which starting point was chosen, several options, marked with a number, present themselves to the cyclist. From one number to the other a route is created. The possibilities of this system allow the cyclist to change his plans at any given moment and spontaneously create a new cycling route. At this moment, only five provinces offer this type of Regional Network.

37 4.1.4 Some numbers on the cycle tourism industry in The Netherlands The Foundation Landelijk Fietsplatform has presented some numbers on the Dutch cycle tourism industry in 2004 in “Insight in The Netherlands, cycling country 200419”. This section provides a short look at the information taken from this document.

The Netherlands as a destination for cycle tourism According to the study, 6% of the Dutch execute their more than one day trip by bicycle. Thus 875,000 bicycle trips are realized within the country and 275,000 outside the country.

Expenditures of cyclists during more than one day trips The economic benefits of more than one day bicycle trips represent 87 million Euros. The main expense for cycle tourists comes in the form of foods and beverages with a total of 40 million Euros.

Table 9: Expenses during a more than one day bicycle trip on the LF Routes (2004) Type of expense Amount spent per Amount spent per year day (in €) (in million €) Admission fees 0.56 2 Foods and beverages 14.42 40 Accommodation 11.00 31 Shopping 3.59 10 Other 1.43 4 Total 31.00 87

Expenditures of cyclists during a one day trip In The Netherlands, the economic benefits of day bicycle trips are even more interesting than those generated for bicycle trips of more than one day. In fact, almost 204 million Euros are spend. The average expense per day is 4.27 Euros, of which the bigger part is represented by foods and beverages.

Table 10: Expenses during a one day bicycle trip on the LF Routes (2004) Type of expense Amount spent per Amount spent per year day (in €) (in million €) Admission fees 0.34 16 Foods and beverages 3.35 160 Accommodation - - Shopping - - Other 0.59 28 Total 4.27 204

The use of the national routes (LF Routes) generates important economic benefits in every region of The Netherlands. Further more, the infrastructure constructed with the goal to develop the cycle tourism offer of the country, can also be used in other contexts than the one of cycle tourism. On top of contributing to the financial health of the country, the development of infrastructure improves the mobility of the population and inspires them to be more active. Several sectors of the economy, such as for example tourism, transport, recreation, health and sports benefit from the development of the cycling networks.

19 The original Dutch name is: Inzicht in Nederland Fietsland 2004

38 4.2 The best practices

4.2.1 Example 4: Boat and bike How to develop new markets in the cycle tourism industry? Are their any niches that have not yet been explored and which may represent an interesting potential? The combination of two products, in this case boating and cycling, seems to provide a good opportunity.

Sneek, The Netherlands

The combined product of boating and cycling has been selected as a best practice example for the following reasons:

• it represents a product which positions itself amidst the existing cycle tourism products, • it illustrates a relatively new product, which has already proven itself, • it targets a large clientele, • this example can be applied in other contexts around the world.

39 “Boat and bike” travel in The Netherlands

The Netherlands The Netherlands is known for its waterways. On top of a number of big rivers, such as the Meuse, Waal, IJssel and the Rhine, which cross the country, the IJssel Lake, the Marken Lake and numerous canals can be found in the country. Its proximity to the North See has taught the Dutch how to handle all their water. Besides this, a considerable part of the country is below sea level.

Figure 18: Map illustrating a part of the waterways in The Netherlands

The past, the present and the future Since several centuries, Dutch boats have been used in everyday life, not only to transport all kinds of products, but also to get around. Even though the popularity of this means of transportation has strongly diminished since the arrival of the automobile, the use of the boat has not disappeared. In fact, rather than being used as a way of transporting goods, the boat is now considered a leisure activity for sport and pleasure. Nautical activities are a part of the touristy offer of The Netherlands and since several years more and more companies offer boat and bike tours.

Water and land, a combination A boat and bike trip is a combination of several hours of cycling, with a boat trip. These complementary means of transportation allow discovering a region or a country from different angles.

In The Netherlands, practically all important cities, touristy attractions or points of interest can be reached by boat. The omnipresence of water allows for a vast choice of itineraries. Adding the possibility to get around by bicycle, to further explore the land, makes for a cultural and sportive experience.

40 Existence of quality infrastructures The concept boat and bike requires high quality infrastructures as much for the cycling lanes and the signalization as for the waterways, the quaysides and the boats, to name just a few examples. As shown in this chapter, The Netherlands has the entire necessary infrastructure to position itself as the leader of the industry which combines cycle tourism with nautical activity. The expertise that has been developed in The Netherlands concerning these two means of transportation allows for a harmonious combination today.

Apart from the infrastructure and the equipment, let us not forget about the captain and his crew. In general, most captains are also the owner of their boat and in charge of training their crew. The boats that are being used vary with the terrain. For example, barges can be found on canals and rivers, sailing boats on the lakes and the sea, and motor boats on rivers, lakes and the sea.

A variety of touristy concepts to develop There’s a variety of interesting concepts which can be developed within the frame of boat and bike. In fact, the company that specializes in this type of touristy products offers several possibilities, such as:

• group travel, • team building activities, • vacation camps, • school trips, • family trips.

An itinerary example Figure 19: Map showing an itinerary example Numerous boat and bike trips start and end in Amsterdam. The presence of an international airport, train stations and highways makes this city easily accessible. As a touristy hot spot, the capital of The Netherlands is situated at the cross roads of numerous waterways.

On the right, you find an itinerary example for boat and bike. This trip takes eight days and offers the discovery of the North Holland region, situated in the north west of the country. On this trip, the guests are invited to cycle distances of 25 to 55 kilometers per day. Every night is spend in the boat. No luggage transportation has to be arranged because all stays on board in the cabin of the passenger for the duration of the trip.

Different from other types of group trips by bicycle, it is possible to not cycle one or several stretches of the route without separating completely from the group. In fact, a person who would like to take a break © Channel Cruises Holland always has the choice to stay on board of the boat.

41 The boat and bike offer generally includes all that a participant may need. Choice of the boat, services offered on board, quality of the meals, type of cabin and the duration of the trip are all factors which influence the cost of the package.

Tour guides and self guided tours Some companies offer guided tours by a certified guide, others offer self guided tours. The last one provides all the necessary material for cyclists to find their way. These materials are geographical maps, small guides or even GPS receivers. The self guided tours usually depend more on local infrastructure, like signalization for example, and requires a better preparation of the ride.

Amsterdam, The Netherlands

The winning combination This best practice example illustrates the union of bicycle and boat in a touristy product context. This combination has not been created at random, but it is based on the presence of quality infrastructure and the expertise of the country in the two fields involved. As illustrated, the combination boat and bike allows a big variety of concepts which can be adapted to numerous markets.

The basics of this example can be applied in combination with other products. Paying special attention to the competitive advantages of other products and with help of little imagination, it is possible to create other winning combinations.

Useful links www.channelcruises.nl www.holland.com

42 5 The bicycle and sustainable development

5.1 Some facts

By being the cause of possibly heavy stresses on the social balance of a country and on the environment, the tourism sector has to make sure that its economic growth occurs without any negative side effects. Today, many countries have adopted a politic of sustainable development. One of these countries is Switzerland, the focus point of a closer look in this section of the report.

In 1999, an article about sustainable development was added to the Federal Constitution of Switzerland. In this article, it is written that Switzerland “strives to establish a sustainable balance between nature, especially its capacity to recur, and its use by humans”. Both federal government and the Cantons have been asked to follow these guidelines and to aim for a sustainable development.

Sustainable mobility Since several years, sustainable mobility has gotten more and more important in Switzerland. A big number of organizations are promoting this type of mobility which has increased in popularity. Some of these organizations are:

• Association for Transport and Environment (ATE)20: This organization is concerned with mobility, respectful to the environment, • Swiss network of health and physical activity21: This network encourages the Swiss population to be physically active. In cooperation with the Federal Office of Sports Magglingen and the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (SFOPH), it offers recommendations for “soft mobility” to the entire population, • Legair Mobilitätsberatung: This cooperative club is a platform of owners of and people interested in different kinds of electrical vehicles, • Mobilservice: This platform is a source of reference when solutions for sustainable mobility and innovations are concerned. It offers tools to set up sustainable projects, contact addresses and useful links.

The bicycle is part of the “soft mobility” modes of transportation, also called “Human Powered Mobility”. On top of not producing any CO2, it brings high energy efficiency and is good for health.

Cycle tourism Several touristy products are respectful of the environment and stimulate a demand. The bicycle is a good example. For several years now, the “Foundation Cycling in Switzerland” has proven that:

• it is possible to combine the bicycle with an interesting economic potential, • it is possible to offer touristy products which do not have a negative ecological impact and which are promising for the economy, • it is possible to hold on to a vision of sustainable development while maintaining a competitive position as a tourist destination.

The development of cycle tourism in Switzerland has been realized in an exemplary way. For this reason, Switzerland will continue to use the “Cycling in Switzerland” model to expand its offer of sustainable activities.

20 The original German name is: Verkehrs-Club der Schweiz (VCS) 21 The original German name is: Netzwerk Gesundheit und Bewegung Schweiz

43 5.2 The best practices

5.2.1 Example 5: SwissMobile22 How can we make sure that the market we develop today will still be interesting in 20 years? How can we prevent the deterioration and pollution of regions in a touristy context? The answer to these questions may be found in responsible and sustainable development.

On national Route 5, Route Mitteland

The SwissMobile project has been chosen as a best practice example for the following reasons:

• it is a good example of a product that stands out because of its sustainable development, • it is a new concept based on the proven model “Cycling in Switzerland”, • it is part of a big cooperation between the public and private sectors, • it uses communication strategies that benefit all partners and facilitate the accessibility of products to the public, • this model can and should be used in other countries around the world.

22 The original German name is: SchweizMobil

44 SwissMobile

Switzerland Switzerland has a natural and cultural diversity which attracts numerous tourists every year. Known around the world for its mountains and its exceptional landscapes, Switzerland has a lot to offer to the outdoor enthusiast. The 13 touristy regions of the country all have numerous services which easily allow welcoming the visitors. With a dense network of public transportation combined with a geographically central position in Europe, the country is easily accessible.

Sihl Lake, Switzerland

Past, present and future of SwissMobile The project SwissMobile has been initiated over the course of the year 2000 by the “Foundation Cycling in Switzerland”. This ambitious project aims to make a complete offer of Human Powered Mobility activities accessible to the public. Through this project, Switzerland aims to become the world leader for sustainable travel.

The “Foundation Cycling in Switzerland” wishes to profit from its expertise in order to further develop other types of activities favoring “soft mobility”. Since the year 2000, the project has gone from planning to development. Proof of feasibility has shown that the SwissMobile project was possible and ever since 2004, the realization of this project has been going in the right direction.

Hiking, mountain biking, inline skating, canoeing and cycling are the activities which are part of SwissMobile. The objective of this project is to develop interesting offers such as national itineraries, packages and prime destinations for every type of activity. Also, an important part consists of the communication and marketing of the offer. Several tools have been developed to this effect. Making the information about the “soft mobility” offer accessible to the public via a quality web site as well as through service points, is the crucial reason for the success of this project. Finally, the creation of distinct signalization, the public transportation connections and the installation of communication infrastructure are other examples of things realized within the frame of this project.

Despite some delays in the schedule, SwissMobile will be officially presented to the public in the spring of 2008.

Organization The organization of SwissMobile is not limited to the team that works on the “Cycling in Switzerland” project. In fact, a project of this size requires the support and the financial and personal participation of numerous partners. This is why the organization is composed of the “Conference of responsible authorities”, the “Direction Committee” and the “Project Management”.

45 While the Direction Committee brings together six responsible authorities, the team of “Cycling in Switzerland assumes the role of Project Management. The Conference of responsible authorities consists of:

• the partners of the Confederation, • all the Cantons, • the national organization of transport, • the national organization of tourism, • the national organization of sport.

Signalization Every type of mobility has a fitting signalization. In total, five different logos have been created clearly indicating the type of activity. The colourful logos illustrate the context in which an activity is practiced and the image symbolizes the type of mobility chosen. Throughout the national itineraries, the regional itineraries (“Cycling in Switzerland”), and the prime destinations in the country this signalization will remain uniform.

Selection criteria for the national itineraries23 The choice of itineraries is based on several criteria, such as:

• the national range of the itineraries, • the aptitude of the itineraries. The national itineraries should target a large public by offering activities at several levels of difficulty, • quality of the itineraries. The national itineraries should: present attractive landscapes, connect the most popular attractions, integrate existing itineraries and routes and integrate already present ways of transportation, • marketable offers. It has to be possible to create packages based on national itineraries. If such offers already exist, they should be integrated into the marketing of the itinerary, • the arrangement of the services. The itinerary has to allow its users to make use of restaurants and accommodation. In the other hand, it should ensure a good connection with public transportation.

Since the start of this project, the “Cycling in Switzerland” model is used as a reference. With its total network completed, the development of the itineraries for the other types of mobility is left. Their official opening is foreseen for 2008. The choice of itineraries and prime destinations should be the following:

“Hiking in Switzerland”: about 3 national itineraries and 40 prime destinations, “Cycling in Switzerland”: 9 national itineraries, 50 regional itineraries and 20 prime destinations, “Mountain biking in Switzerland” (MTB): about 2 national itineraries and 15 prime destinations, “Inline skating in Switzerland”: about 1 national itinerary and 10 prime destinations, “Canoeing in Switzerland”: about 1 national itinerary and 10 prime destinations.

23 The criteria are taken from Newsletter 1 published by “Foundation Cycling in Switzerland” in May 2005

46 Communication of the “MobilCenter” offer The communication strategy of SwissMobile is a major issue which generates a lot of interest because it plays a primary role in the success of the project. This strategy called MobilCenter, consist mainly of making the offers of Human Powered Mobility accessible through a quality web site as well as through information points.

The communication through Internet is of crucial importance. In fact, through the Internet it’s not only the Swiss population that has access to information related to the offers planned by SwissMobile, but all people around the world. Again, the “Cycling in Switzerland” model will be used. As in this model, the SwissMobile site will suggest navigation based on a national map. With a mouse click on the map it will be possible to get national, regional, and prime destination itineraries.

Communicating the offer of a country and wanting to share it with the entire world means that you have to be understood by as big a group of people as possible. Having four official languages, Switzerland handles the daily reality of having to translate a big quantity of information that has to be communicated to the people of the country. The web site of “Cycling in Switzerland” witnesses this reality by offering the possibility to navigate on the site either in French, English, Italian or German. The web site of SwissMobile will also be accessible in several languages, which will allow positioning the offers of sustainable mobility in Switzerland on the international market.

A second part of MobilCenter is the installation of information points and mobility stations. The information points will be placed at about a 1000 sites across the country, such as train stations, tourist information offices and at main junctions of urban traffic. With help of the information points, it will be possible to organize Human Powered Mobility trips or outings and to get additional information. The mobility stations offer a wider range of service such as, information on public transportation, on the Human Powered Mobility offer, on the attractions and touristy events and they offer booking possibilities, equipment rental possibilities and parking services. And all of these are just a few examples.

In short, MobilCenter will attempt to provoke a bigger demand for Human Powered Mobility offers combined with public transportation, in order to realize considerable energy cuts.

MobilCenter budget24 • The estimated budget is 3 million CHF, 25 • Exploitation costs for national coordination, Financing of MobilCenter including quality checks: about 0.7 million • 90% Confederation and CHF per year, Cantons, • Planning and realization of information • 10% private. points: about 19 million CHF, • Annual exploitation costs: about 4 million CHF.

24 Verband Öffentlicher Verkehr (VÖV), Konzeptbericht, April 2003 25 Verband Öffentlicher Verkehr (VÖV), Konzeptbericht, April 2003

Rhine River, Switzerland

The SwissMobile project has been chosen as a best practice example because it integrates not only the bicycle, but also other types of Human Powered Mobility in a total offer. It illustrates that it is possible to share nature with as many outdoor enthusiasts as possible when this sharing is done in a context of respect for the environment. Hiking, mountain biking, inline skating, canoeing and cycling are types of durable mobility which, on top of maintaining a vision of sustainable development, allow Switzerland to hold a competitive position as a tourist destination.

The incorporation of communication tools in a strategy of information distribution is also an essential part of SwissMobile. Reaching a vast number of people with the goal to make the immense offer of the project common knowledge is essential. The money spent to reach this goal is an investment in the success of SwissMobile.

Although the realization of this project is not finished yet, SwissMobile seems to be very promising. Based on a proven model of development and directed by a team which possesses sufficient expertise and competence, SwissMobile could also inspire other countries to follow in the same direction, towards sustainable tourism.

Useful links www.suissemobile.ch www.suisse-a-velo.ch

48 6 Conclusion

Summary of best practices In this report, five best practice examples have been presented. The first one is the “Heart Route” in the Emmental region in Switzerland. This route demonstrates an original way to develop a cycling route in order to improve the durable accessibility of this region by use of an electrical bicycle. The second one is the example of the “Bicycle Route Planner” which illustrates a tool that uses information technologies adapted to the needs of cyclists and cycle tourists. The third one is the example of the “Bodensee-Radweg Service”, which demonstrates that both cross marketing and the improvement of products and services may be the key to successful business in a region where the cycle touristy offer is already very well developed. The fourth example, “boat and bike”, presents a combination of two touristy products which together allow the development of new markets. The final, fifth example, is “SwissMobile” which presents a complete offer of Human Powered Mobility activities and the possibility for Switzerland to position itself as the world leader for sustainable mobility travel.

These best practice examples have been selected through the following criteria: new concept, proven concept, use of new technologies, promotion of sustainable development, possibility to apply these examples elsewhere in the world and model of management and cooperation. Switzerland, Germany and The Netherlands have other examples which could have been chosen for this study, but trying to limit the size of this report, the choice of best practice examples has been limited to five.

Cooperation During the conducting of interviews, the principle of cooperation has very often been mentioned by the interviewees. In many cases, being passionate cyclists themselves, the motivation to target the common objective of improving the total offer of cycle tourism is very high. Also, the cycle tourism offer of a country is represented by a combination of several fields which may benefit from the considerable advantages of combining their efforts. Here are some other examples of highlighted principles during the interviews which point in the same direction:

• consider your competition as a possible partner, • let companies benefit as much as possible from the passing cycle tourists, • integrate a cross marketing strategy in order to not only promote your own product, but also the products of others, • share knowledge, share contacts, share experiences.

Several projects of considerable size have also proven that cooperation is the key to success. The model of the “Foundation Cycling in Switzerland” is a good example. If attention is focused especially on the speed at which the cycle tourism offer of Switzerland has positioned itself amongst the best in the world, it can be concluded that it is the common objective of all partners which has permitted its fast realization.

Offer and demand The concept of “offer and demand” is very interesting with regards to the cycle tourism industry. In fact, the presence of a high quality offer is crucial to generate a possible demand. This offer will have to represent considerable investments in the development of a cycling network which includes a planned infrastructure for signalization. This offer should not only include the service needs of a cycle tourist, but should also include the services and/or attractions which explain the presence of this tourist. The bicycle is a means of transportation which allows a tourist to travel slowly across a region or a country. This is why the cycling itinerary has to be interesting for the cyclist. The beauty and the variety of landscapes, the availability of packages, the accessibility and the quality of a network and the choice of itineraries for short or long distances are some examples of what makes the offer of a cycling network attractive.

49 The Netherlands is a good example of the importance of the development of an offer of quality with the goal to create a demand. The bicycle culture, the lack of hills in the country and the mild climate are not the only explanations for the use of the bicycle by the Dutch. In fact, the presence of an important network existing of 6500 kilometers of long distance cycling lanes and a vast selection of loops and regional networks facilitates and motivates the use of the bicycle. Add to this the presence of hospitality services with fitting accommodation and the proximity of historical cities and touristy attraction, and you understand why The Netherlands is an ideal destination for cycling vacations. The demand responds positively to the available offer, generating economic benefits which motivate the country to continue the development of its cycle tourism industry.

Marketing The quality of a product means nothing without good marketing. Bringing a cycle tourism destination to the market is essential for its success. A part of the planned investment in the development of a cycle itinerary should always be reserved for marketing, because it is essential. Depending on the size of the targeted market, it is important to adapt the marketing strategy.

Over the course of the research done for this study, it was surprising to find the considerable number of unilingual web sites hoping to promote a touristy destination, a cycle touristy itinerary or any other product or service aiming for any touristy market. Making information accessible is mainly done by the choice for the language to use and should be considered in the marketing strategy of any touristy product or service. The importance of the English language should not be underestimated.

Signalization The signalization is an important issue which has the possibility to positively or negatively influence the cycling experience. The key to success can be found mainly in the uniformity and self explicable clarity of the signs used. A master plan for a complete network is strongly recommended. Such a plan should include precisions on, amongst other things, chosen colours, the logo, the angle of signs which will indicate the direction to follow, the possible combination with other signs and the distance between the signs.

The signalization in Switzerland, Germany and The Netherlands differs from one country to the other. Exemplary models can be distinguished for each country. An overview follows here:

Switzerland uses colours which catch the eye. But what really attracts attention are the signs showing a map with part of the route to follow. This type of sign makes orientation very easy and brings added value to the cycling network.

Map showing part of the route.

The German State North-Rhine Westphalia includes the logos of thematic routes under the signs, indicating directions. This clarity avoids confusion.

Logos of thematic routes.

50 In The Netherlands, the signalization includes the number of the route and the letter “a” or “b”. This letter indicates whether a cyclist is traveling to the north or south, or to the east or west. Once again, this example shows that a detail can add to the clarity of information provided.

The letter “a” indicates the cyclist in this example is going to the south.

Application to the Quebecois model Quebec has without a doubt a different geography than Switzerland, Germany and The Netherlands. The managers of the “Route verte” project (the Green route) have to deal with the distances between the regions which represent a problem when trying to complete the long distance itinerary. Apart from this cycling route, several Quebecois regions already have a network of itineraries which represent very interesting cycle tourism potential. Nevertheless, many developments will have to take place in order to firmly position Quebec amidst the best cycle tourism destinations in the world.

Several examples of best practices presented in this report can, once adapted, be applied to the Quebecois model, the Canadian model or to the situation in any other country. In Quebec, the variety of regional contexts allows for many possibilities. For example, it could be possible to increase the accessibility of a hilly region by setting up a rental service for electrical bicycles, as was done for the “Heart Route” in the Swiss Emmental region. With a little imagination and creativity, simple, innovative and sustainable solutions may be found to improve accessibility of an area, to expend the touristy offer or to develop complete new itineraries.

Other concepts may be applicable to Quebec, such as:

• the concept of the illustrated signalization throughout this report. It may serve as a source of inspiration in order to improve the already established signalization in Quebec, • the management model, including cooperation and partnerships between everyone involved in cycle tourism, which may enhance the development of this industry, • the example of the “Bicycle Route Planner”. This is also a project which offers additional value, especially when the preparation of a bicycle vacation or cycling trip is concerned. • the relatively new, Dutch “boat and bike” example. This concept may be applied to the situation in Quebec. With the omnipresence of waterways, of which many can be found in the vicinity of or right next to existing cycling lanes or roads suitable for cycling, Quebec may be an interesting destination for “boat and bike” trips.

In fact, many more existing concepts, which have not all been addressed in this report, can be interesting for Quebec to look at and to learn from.

This study on cycle tourism in Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands shows initiatives which can be very inspiring for Quebec. Combining the strong points of Quebec with the joy of cycling, without being afraid to invest the necessary money and to be creative, can provide a winning combination, bringing huge benefits to Quebec for years to come.

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VÉLO QUÉBEC. Bulletins d’informations de la Route verte.

VERBAND ÖFFENTLICHER VERKEHR. MobilCenter, Konzeptbericht, April 2003.

ZINS BEAUCHESNE ET ASSOCIÉS. Étude des retombées et de l’impact économique de la Route verte du Bas-Saint-Laurent et concept d’aménagement, February 1998.

52 Web Sites

Canada

Chair in Tourism of UQAM www.chairedetourisme.uqam.ca Quebec Tourism Intelligence Network www.veilletourisme.ca/ Route verte www.routeverte.com Tourism Quebec www.bonjourquebec.com Vélo Québec www.velo.qc.ca

Switzerland

BikeTec (Flyer) www.flyer.ch / www.flyertravel.ch Bundesamt für Gesundheit www.apug.ch/ Camping and caravanning in Switzerland www.swisscamps.ch/ Cyclic.info www.cyclic.info/ Emmentaler Schaukäserei www.showdairy.ch Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) www.umwelt-schweiz.ch/ Federal Office for Spatial Development www.are.admin.ch/are/de/ Forschungsinstitut für Freizeit und Tourismus (FIF) www.fif.unibe.ch “Foundation Cycling in Switzerland” www.suisse-a-velo.ch Fussgänger-und Velomodellstadt Burgdorf www.modelcity.ch Geneve Roule www.geneveroule.ch/ Heart Route (Herzroute) www.herzroute.ch/ IG Velo www.igvelo.ch Koordinationsstelle Velostationen Schweiz www.velostation.ch Landgasthof Bären Madiswil www.baeren-madiswil.ch Lausanne Roule www.lausanneroule.ch Legair Mobilitätsberatung www.legair.ch Mobilservice www.mobilservice.ch/ Naturfreunde www.naturfreunde.ch Observatoire Universitaire de la Mobilité www.unige.ch/ses/geo/oum/velo/index.html Pro Emmental www.emmental.ch Pro Natura www.pronatura.ch/index.html Rent a Bike www.rent-a-bike.ch “Sleep on straw” www.abenteuer-stroh.ch SlowUp www.slowup.ch Summit of Tourism 2000 www.sommets-tourisme.org SwissMobile www.schweizmobil.ch Swiss Backpackers www.backpacker.ch/ Swiss Budget Hotels www.rooms.ch Swiss Énergy www.energie-schweiz.ch/ Swiss Federal Roads Authority (FEDRO) www.astra.admin.ch/ Swiss network of health and physical activity www.hepa.ch Swiss Tourism Federation www.swisstourfed.ch/ Swiss Trails GmbH www.swisstrails.ch Switzerland is yours http://switzerland.isyours.com Switzerland Tourism www.myswitzerland.com Swiss Youth Hostels www.youthhostel.ch/ TDS Velos www.tds-rad.ch Train SBB CFF FFS www.sbb.ch umverkehR www.actif-trafic.ch/ Velobüro Olten www.velobuero.ch Velojournal www.velojournal.ch/ Velotel www.velotel.ch Verband Öffentlicher Verkehr (VÖV) www.utp.ch/ Verkehrs-Club der Schweiz (VCS) www.ate.ch

53 Germany

1000 links about the bike www.1000bikelinks.de/index.php Allgemeiner Deutscher Fahrrad-Club (ADFC) www.adfc.de ADFC NRW www.adfc-nrw.de Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fahrradfreundliche Städte www.fahrradfreundlich.nrw.de/ und Gemeinden in NRW Bade-Württemberg www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/ Bavaria www.bayern.by/ Best for Bike www.best-for-bike.de/ Bett&Bike www.bettundbike.de Bicycle Route Planner www.radroutenplaner.nrw.de/ Bodensee-Radweg Service www.bodensee-radweg.com Bund www.bund.net/ Bundesministerium für Umwelt Naturschutz und www.bmu.de/ Reaktorsicherheit Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und www.bmvbs.de/ Stadtentwicklung Bundesministerium für Verkehr Bau- und www.nationaler-radverkehrsplan.de/ Wohnungswesen Arbeitsgruppe Radverkehr Constance Tourism www.bodenseeferien.de/ Eurobike www.eurobike-exhibition.de/ Fahrradinitiative www.fahrradinitiative.de/ Fahrradpavillon www.fahrradpavillon.de/frame.htm German National Tourist Board www.germany-tourism.de/ German National Tourist Office www.cometogermany.com/ Ministerium für Bauen und Verkehr des Landes www.mbv.nrw.de Nordrhein-Westfalen Nordrhein-Wesfalen Tourismus e. V. www.nrw-tourism.com Radstation www.radstation.de/ Smile www.smile-europe.org/ Velo Konzept www.velokonzept.de

The Netherlands

3VO www.3vo.nl/nl/ Afdeling Regiostimulering (Kamer Van Koophandel www.nieuwsbank.nl/inp/2005/03/17/Q026.htm Limburg-Noord) ANWB www.anwb.nl Channel Cruises Holland www.channelcruises.nl City of Groningen http://portal.groningen.nl/ Cycling in The Netherlands http://holland.cyclingaroundtheworld.nl/ CROW www.crow.nl/ De Fietsfabriek Den Haag www.fietsfabriek.nl/ FietsBeraad www.fietsberaad.nl/ Fietsen 123 www.fietsen.123.nl/ Fietsersbond www.fietsersbond.nl Fietspad www.fietspad.nl/ Fipavo www.fipavo.nl/ Horeca www.horeca.org/ Hotel Courage www.hotelcourage.nl Interface for Cycling Expertise www.cycling.nl/frameset.htm Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en www9.minlnv.nl/ Voedselkwaliteit (Min. LNV) Nationale Fiets Projecten www.nfp-bv.nl/ Nationale Hogeschool voor Toerisme en Verkeer www.nhtv.nl (NHTV) Nederlands Bureau voor Toerisme & Congressen www.nbtc.nl Nederlandse Toer Fiets Unie www.ntfu.nl

54 Netherlands Board of Tourism & Conventions www.holland.com / www2.holland.com Ov-fiets www.ov-fiets.nl/ Rai, Afdeling Fietsen www.fietsrai.nl RECRON (Vereniging van Recreatieondernemers www.recron.nl/ Nederland) SenterNovem www.senternovem.nl/ Stichting Landelijk Fietsplatform www.fietsplatform.nl Stichting OV Fiets www.ov-fiets.nl/ Trappers www.trappers.net/deelnemersite/index.jsp Velo.Info www.velo.info/ Velorama www.velorama.nl/ Verkeerskunde www.verkeerskunde.nl/

Useful link www.equicycle.com

55 Appendix A: List of Interviews

F 01300 Massignieu de Rives Beley, France Date of the interview : Yvan Lassalle st Camping Lac du Lit du T. (0)4 79 42 12 03 August 21 2005 F. (0)4 79 42 19 94 Roi [email protected] Interview : Ad Hoc www.camping-savoie.com

Place de Montbrillant CH-1201 Geneva Date of the interview : Nicolas Simond th Genève Roule Switzerland August 26 2005 T. +41 (0)22 740 13 43 F. +41 (0)22 740 13 43 Interview : Ad Hoc www.geneveroule.ch

Mörigenweg 2 CH-2572 Lattrigen Date of the interview : Hindrik van der Veer th Camping Lindenhof Switzerland August 30 2005 T. +41 (0)32 397 1077 [email protected] Interview: Recorded www.camping-lindenhof.ch

Aarburg 5.54 CH-4663 Aarburg Date of the interview : Herbert Gloor st Switzerland August 31 2005 Camping Aarburg T. +41 (0)62 791 5810 / Wiggerspitz +41 (0)33 345 6227 Interview : Recorded [email protected] www.camping-aarburg.ch

c/o Velobüro Solothurnerstrasse 107 CH-4600 Olten Date of the interview : Daniel Leupi st Velobüro Olten Switzerland August 31 2005 T. +41 (0)62 205 99 00 (“Foundation Cycling in F. +41 (0)62 205 99 01 Interview : Ad Hoc Switzerland”) [email protected] www.veloland.ch

c/o Velobüro Solothurnerstrasse 107 CH-4600 Olten Date of the interview : Bruno Hirschi rd Switzerland September 3 2005 Velobüro Olten T. +41 (0)62 205 99 00 (“Foundation Cycling in F. +41 (0)62 205 99 01 Interview : Ad Hoc Switzerland”) [email protected] www.veloland.ch

c/o Velobüro Lukas Stadtherr Solothurnerstrasse 107 CH-4600 Olten Date of the interview : Velobüro Olten rd Switzerland September 3 2005 (“Foundation Cycling in T. +41 (0)62 205 99 00 Switzerland”) F. +41 (0)62 205 99 01 Interview : Recorded

[email protected] International contact www.veloland.ch

Mainaustr.34, D-78464 Konstanz Date of the interview : th Germany September 5 2005 Peter Eich T. +49 (0)7531-819930 Bodensee Radweg.com F. +49 (0)7531-8199366 Interview : Recorded [email protected] www.bodensee-radweg.com

6204 Sempach LU Switzerland Date of the interview : Andreas Schürmann T. 041-460 18 80 September 18th 2005 Hotel Gasthaus Krone F. 041 460 18 84 [email protected] Interview : Recorded

Trainstation Lüzern Hbf Date of the interview : th Group of cyclists Lucerne September 18 2005 Switzerland Interview : Ad Hoc

Chlupfstrasse 8 CH-8165 Oberweningen Date of the interview : Ruedi Jaisli th Switzerland September 20 2005 SwissTrails T. +41 (0)44 450 24 34 F. +41 (0)44 450 24 35 Interview : Recorded [email protected] www.swisstrails.ch

Chollerstrasse 21 Postfach 3106 Date of the interview : Stefan Maissen th Rent A Bike 6303 Zug October 5 2005 Switzerland T. 041 747 40 61 (dir.62) Interview : Recorded F. 041 747 40 51 [email protected]

Biketec AG, Industrie Neuhof 9 CH-3422 Kirchberg Date of the interview : th Kurt Schär Switzerland October 5 2005 T. +41 (0)34 448 60 60 Biketec (Flyer) F. +41 (0)34 448 60 61 Interview : Recorded [email protected] www.flyer.ch

CH-3416 Affoltern i.E. Switzerland Date of the interview : Fritz Jakob T. +41 (0)34 435 16 11 October 7th 2005 Emmentaler F. +41 (0)34 435 01 51 Schaukäserei [email protected] Interview : Recorded www.showdairy.ch

4934 Madiswil Date of the interview : th Jürg Ingold Switzerland October 7 2005 T. 062 957 70 10 Landgasthof Bären [email protected] Interview : Recorded www.baeren-madiswil.ch

Date of the interview : th Group of cyclists Ferry on the Rhine River October 15 2005 Germany Interview : Ad Hoc

Zentralstrasse 7 Erika Frank 6002 Lucerne Date of the interview : RailAway Switzerland November 2005 T. 051 227 11 18 F. 051 227 11 19 Interview : e-mail [email protected] www.railaway.ch

Tourismus- und Wirtschaftsorganisation Schlossstrasse 3 Date of the interview : Ruth Zemp CH-3550 Langnau i.E. November 2005 Switzerland Pro-Emmental T. +41 (0)34 402 42 52 Interview : e-mail F. +41 (0) 34 402 56 67 [email protected] www.emmental.ch

Claudiusstraβe 7 10557 Berlin Date of the interview : th Germany November 19 2005 Ulrike Saade T. +49 (0)30-612 16 74 Velo Konzept F. +49 (0)30-611 97 22 Interview : Recorded [email protected] www.velokonzept.de

Meierfeld 21c 33611 Bielefeld Date of the interview : nd Thomas Froitzheim Germany November 22 2005 T. 0521/896190 ADFC/BVA F. 0521/59 55 10 Interview : Recorded [email protected] www.fa-tourismus.adfc.de

Noordeinde 5 1141 AE Monnickendam Date of the interview : th Jacqueline Wolf The Netherlands December 10 2005 T. +31 (0)299 313 060 Channel Cruises F. +31 (0)299 313 065 Interview : Recorded [email protected] www.channelcruises.n

58 Wassenaarseweg 220 2596 EC Den Haag Postbus 93200 Date of the interview : th Frans de Kok 2509 BA The Hague December 13 2005 The Netherlands ANWB T. 070 314 62 34 Interview : Recorded F. 070 314 72 07 [email protected] www.anwb.nl

Willem Witsenplein 6 Postbus 20401 Date of the interview : Jelger Moggree th Ministerie van 2500 EK The Hague December 14 2005 The Netherlands Landbouw, Natuur en T. 070 378 57 13 Interview : Recorded Voedselkwaliteit F. 070 378 61 20 [email protected] www.minlnv.nl

Berkenweg 30 Postbus 846 Date of the interview : th Eric Nijland 3800 AV Amersfoort December 16 2005 The Netherlands Stichting Landelijk T. 033 465 36 56 Interview : Recorded Fietsplatform F. 033 465 43 77 [email protected] www.fietsplatform.nl

Waalkade 108-112 NL 6511 XR Nijmegen Date of the interview : Rachel van Zonsbeek th Hotel Restaurant The Netherlands December 28 2005 T. 024 360 4970 Courage F. 204 360 7177 Interview : Recorded [email protected] www.hotelcourage.nl

Haroldstraβe 4 40213 Düsseldorf Date of the interview : Peter London nd Germany January 2 2006 Ministerium für Bauen T. +49 (0)211 3843 9426 und Verkehr des F. +49 (0)211 3843 9428 Interview : Recorded Landes NRW [email protected] www.mbv.nrw.de

Haroldstraβe 4 40213 Düsseldorf Date of the interview : Ernst Salein nd Germany January 2 2006 Ministerium für Bauen T. +49 (0)211 3843 9426 und Verkehr des F. +49 (0)211 3843 9428 Interview : Recorded Landes NRW [email protected] www.mbv.nrw.de

Landesverband NRW e.V. Hohenzollernstraβe 27/29 Date of the interview : nd Ulrich Kalle 40211 Düsseldorf January 2 2006 Germany ADFC NRW e.V. T. 0211/68 708-22 Interview : Recorded F. 0211/68 708-20 [email protected] www.adfc-nrw.de

59 Appendix B: Lexis

English/German • Bavaria Bayern • Bed & Bike Bett & Bike • Bicycle garden Velogarten • Bicycle lane/route Radweg • Bicycle Route Planner RadRouten Planer • Bureau for mobility Büro für Mobilität • “Counting and Interviewing 2004” "Zählung und Befragung 2004“ • Cycling bureau Velobüro • “Cycling in Switzerland” Veloland Schweiz • Emmental Show Dairy Emmentaler Schaukäserei • Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft • Federal Ministry of Traffic, Construction Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und and Urban Development Stadtentwicklung • German National Tourist Board Deutsche Zentrale für Tourismus • Germany Deutschland • Heart Route Herzroute • Lake Constance Bodensee • Ministry of Construction and Traffic Ministerium für Bauen und Verkehr • Ministry for Economic Affairs, Small Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Mittelstand Enterprises and Energy und Energie • North Rhine-Westphalia Nordrhein-Westfalen • Organization for Tourism Germany Deutscher Tourismus Verband • Rhine River Rhein • Switzerland Schweiz • Swiss Bicycle Advocacy Association IG Velo Schweiz • SwissMobile SchweizMobil • Tourism Lake Constance International Internationalen Bodensee Tourismus

English/Dutch • Cyclists Union Fietsersbond • Foundation Stichting • Frisian (from Friesland) Fries (uit Friesland) • General Dutch Cyclists Union ANWB • “Insight in the Netherlands, cycling “Inzicht in Nederland Fietsland 2004” country 2004” • Lake Marken Marker meer • Loop Rondrit/Lus/Ronde • Meuse River Maas • Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Food quality Voedselkwaliteit • National Cycling platform Landelijk Fietsplatform • National Cycling route Landelijke Fietsroute • Regional routes Knooppunten route • Rhine River Rijn • Royal Dutch Tourist Union Koninklijke Nederlandse Toeristenbond • Super Loop Lange afstand rondrit • The Netherlands Nederland • Union for foreign traffic Vereniging voor Vreemdelingen Verkee