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Coal Industry of East Siberia - Prospects for Development

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Coal Industry of East Siberia - Prospects for Development E3S Web of Conferences 77, 03001 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /2019770300 1 Regional Energy Policy of Asian Russia 2018 Coal industry of East Siberia - prospects for development Liudmila Takaishvili*, and Aleksander Sokolov, Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia Abstract. The paper presents the analysis of the current state of coal industry in East Siberia: coal production, processing and delivery. The coal reserves are characterized. The deposits promising for coal production development are presented. The possibilities of increasing coal production and export are studied. The projects on the development of deposits are evaluated. The promising areas for using East Siberian coals, which determine the prospects for coal production development, are described. 1 Introduction The coal industry occupies an important place in the resource provision of East Siberia and has a high social significance as a mainstay industry of coal production entities of the federation. Coal plays a leading role in the energy balance of East Siberia. In the European regions of the Russian Federation (RF) the main type of fuel for thermal power plants is gas, in Siberia and the Far East – coal. In the structure of fuel consumption by the federation entities of East Siberia its share amounts to more than 70%, whereas in the country as a whole the coal share is 16%. In addition, coal consumption decreases both in the country and East Siberia. East Siberian coals are consumed in the regions of coal production, supplied to other regions of Russia and for export. An export component in coal supplies increases. By virtue of the high social and economic significance of coal industry of East Siberia it seems challenging to study the prospects for coal industry development in East Siberia. 2 Current state About a quarter of coal production in the whole country is mined in East Siberia, mainly by surface mining [1]. In supplies for export from Russia, the share of East Siberian coals is more than 10% [2]. Until 2014, only energy coal was mined. The coals of East Siberia are consumed in the production regions and are supplied in small quantities to the regions of Russia and for export [1, 2]. East Siberia plays a leading role in the use of coal at thermal power plants. Electric power in East Siberia is also generated by hydro power plants. The largest hydro power plants in the country operate in East Siberia (in the Irkutsk Region and the Krasnoyarsk * Corresponding author: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). E3S Web of Conferences 77, 03001 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /2019770300 1 Regional Energy Policy of Asian Russia 2018 Territory). This fact explains essential fluctuations in the levels of production, supply and consumption of East Siberian coals as a result of fluctuations in coal demand due to climatic factors: water content of the rivers; warm or cold winter (Table 1). Coal production in East Siberia tends to increase. The main increase in production was observed in the Republics of Khakassia and Buryatia, the Trans-Baikal Territory. Relatively stable production volumes were in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Tyva Republic and a decrease was in the Irkutsk Region. Table 1 Characteristic of coal industry in East Siberia Indicator Year 2000 2005 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Production 78 73.2 92.4 89.9 87.1 91 94 Processing 3.8 5.9 17.3 19.5 23.2 24.2 25.2 Supplies, including: 78.8 72.4 81.6 78.4 76 78.6 76.8 - export 1.7 6.3 15.1 15.4 17.7 18.4 19.0 - regions of Russia 78.8 66.1 66.5 63.0 58.3 60.2 57.8 East Siberia 63.5 56.6 56.0 52.1 47.3 48.4 46.0 West Siberia 3.5 3.3 5.3 5.8 5.5 6.7 6.9 Far East 7.5 3.9 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.4 Other regions 4.3 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 3.6 3.5 Source: [2-3] Supplies of East Siberian coals to the regions of Russia tend to decrease in parallel with an increase of export supplies. Mostly the Chita and Kansk-Achinsk coals are supplied to the Far East, the Khakass and Kansk-Achinsk coals – to the European regions and Ural. Principally, coal consumption in the country decreased. Consumption of East Siberian coals in particular, decreased from 80.4 million tons in 2000 to 58.7 million tons in 2016. The share of East Siberian coals in total consumption fell from 38.7% to 32.7%. Supplies of the coals from East Siberia for export increased almost threefold as compared with 2005 and totaled 31.2 million tons in 2016: 20% of the supplies from Russia and 48% of the supplies for export in the eastern direction. In the structure of internal coal consumption in East Siberia, the share of power and boiler plants is 97%, the share of industry is 2.5%, and the share of population is 0.5%. The decrease in coal consumption is due to gas and electricity supplies to consumers instead of coal. The increase in coal production and processing in East Siberia is explained by the increase in coal export from the Republic of Khakassia and the Trans-Baikal Territory. 3 Coal reserves As of January 1, 2016, the coal reserves forming the mineral resource base of East Siberia are very heterogeneous in their composition and industrial significance (Table 2) [4]. Brown coals predominate in the balance reserves – 71.7% of reserves. About 84.6% of balance reserves, mainly of brown coals, are suitable for surface mining. The explored reserves are distributed in the region, basins and deposits unevenly. The balance reserves of brown coals of categories A + B + C1 are located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (87% of the brown coal reserves in East Siberia) and the Trans-Baikal Territory (5%). in the Irkutsk Region (4%) and the Republic of Buryatia (3%). Hard coals are explored in the Irkutsk Region (35% of the hard coal reserves of East Siberia), the Republic of Khakassia (31%) and the Krasnoyarsk Territory (19%). 2 E3S Web of Conferences 77, 03001 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /2019770300 1 Regional Energy Policy of Asian Russia 2018 Table 2 Structure of coal reserves of East Siberia. billion tons Balance reserves by category Region / Type of coal Total A+B+C1 C2 Off-balance A+B+C1+C2 Total, including: 68.2 29.7 97.9 25.2 Brown 49.0 21.2 70.2 9.6 Hard 18.8 8.4 27.3 15.6 - coking 4.8 1.9 6.7 1.2 - particularly valuable ranks 2.8 1.0 3.8 0.3 For surface mining, including: 58.7 24.1 82.8 13.3 Brown 47.5 19.6 67.1 8.5 Hard 11.1 4.5 15.6 4.8 - coking 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.1 Source: [4] Most of the deposits in East Siberia are characterized by favourable conditions for coal occurrence: a greater number of coal seams, presence of powerful flat seams with shallow occurrence, which allows developing the deposits by the most effective surface mining. Coal reserves for surface mining are distributed as follows: in the Krasnoyarsk Territory – 80%, the Irkutsk Region – 13%, the Trans-Baikal Territory – 5% and other regions – 2%. At the 2016 production levels, the availability of coal reserves is more than 800 years. 4 Capabilities of production and new projects The Program of the coal industry development in Russia until 2030, which was adopted in June 2014, provides for the main development of coal production in the eastern regions of Russia [5]. The projects deal with new construction, full use and expansion of existing capacities. The goal of the large-scale development of coal production is the increase of coal export to the East, the construction of coal-fired power plants for local needs and electricity export, and the development of coal chemical industry. The development of coal production in the eastern regions is also provided for by the regional programs: The State Program "Socioeconomic development of the Far East and Baikal region" and the strategies for the socioeconomic development of the regions of East Siberia and the Far East. The policy documents contain the projects on coal production development, the implementation of which is planned for 2025–2030 in the deposits of East Siberia. The submitted projects are in varying degrees of implementation. According to the projects, the total production can amount to 300 million tons, 230 million tons of which are due to new construction (Table 3 and Table 4). In the Tyva Republic, the following deposits are promising for development: Mezhegeiskoye. Elegest, the western part of the Ulughem basin and Kaa-Khem (Table 3). Coal is planned to be processed at the dressing works and supplied for export. 3 E3S Web of Conferences 77, 03001 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /2019770300 1 Regional Energy Policy of Asian Russia 2018 Table 3 Promising coal deposits in East Siberia, new construction Potential Qualitative characteristics Reserves. Deposit production. million t r million t Q , MJ/kg A d, % S d, % W r, % Tyva Republic Mezhegeyskoye 213.2 10 31 8.2 0.47 0.8-1.5 Elegestoye 775.4 15 31 3.1-21 0.3-0.9 0.5-1 Western part of Ulughem basin 415.4 9 31 7 0.45 0.6-2 Kaa-Khem 286.8 10 31 3.1-21 0.3 0.7-1 Republic of Khakassia Beiskoye 2923.8 8-30 22-27 7.5-22 0.2-1.0 2.3-5.2 Krasnoyarsk Territory Berezovskoye 16 5.8-12 0.2-0.5 30-34 Abanskoye 16766.8 35 14-16 8-15 0.3-0.8 31-38 Irkutsk Region Ishideyskoye 831.7 12 21-31 17-20 0.5-1.8 14-15 Voznesenskoye 518.6 8 23-33 15-29 0.9-1.5 7.8-16 Kharantsaiskoye 3080.5 4 22 15 3.4 8.8-11.8 Republic of Buryatia Nikolskoye 173.5 14.5 24 18 0.4-0.9 6 Zagustaiskoye 123.0 4.5 19 22 0.7 24 Trans-Baikal Territory Zashulanskoye, 837.5
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