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Ecosystem-Based Management Plan for Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park

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Ecosystem-Based Management Plan for Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT PLAN Saskatchewan.ca Ecosystem-Based Management Plan February 19, 2020 Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT PLAN PROJECT REFERENCE NUMBER: 1467-5 March 11, 2020 Revised: March 2021 Prepared for: Saskatchewan Ministry of Parks, Culture and Sport 3211 Albert St Regina, SK S4S 5W6 Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park Page | 1 Approval Form The Ecosystem-based Management Plan for Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park (2020) is hereby approved for use by the Ministry of Parks, Culture and Sport in the management of the ecosystem and landscape of Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park. March 11, 2020 Darryl Sande, RPF, Plan Author Date FORSITE Inc. Recommended for approval by: March 1, 2021 Thuan Chu, Senior Park Landscape Ecologist Date Landscape Protection Unit Ministry of Parks, Culture and Sport Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park Page | ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park (CHIPP) is a 183 square kilometre Natural Environment Park within the southwestern corner of Saskatchewan. The park encompasses the unique geological features and elevation of the Cypress Hills formation. The area contains a mix of Boreal and Montane forest elements as well as Prairie grassland elements. The area is surrounded by agricultural and pasture lands. The park is made up of a mix of natural forests and grasslands, which is classified into nine ecosites. Upland ecosites include plains rough fescue grassland on silty clay loam, lodgepole pine-dominated stands on sandy clay, white spruce stands on silty clay, aspen stands on clay loam, aspen-white spruce mixedwoods on silty clay soils, and aspen-lodgepole pine mixedwoods on clay loam. The area also contains some low- land rich fens. The Centre Block boasts a variety of recreational activities while the West Block is relatively primitive and un-developed. The park supports a rich amount of biodiversity with many species endemic or rare to the area. Biodiversity includes 790 vascular plants, 227 birds, 52 mammals, four amphibians, and five reptiles. Habitat for the diversity of animal species depends on the diversity of vegetation types. The park landscape is shaped by both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The natural disturbance regime is dominated by wildfire, however fire suppression has limited this disturbance and there have been minimal large fires since the last landscape-level wildfire of 1885 and 1889. The human history includes First Nations’ use and European settlement. The area is also of historical and cultural significance with the fur trade and Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Recreation became the dominant land use with the creation of the park in 1931. The footprint of development on CHIPP is relatively heavy but largely concentrated within the Centre Block. The park contains over 600 campsites, over 200 cottages, and over 225 kilometres of roads and trails. The park is also used for sport fishing, livestock grazing, and hunting (i.e. West Block). This ecosystem-based management plan provides strategic directions for the maintenance, protection and restoration of natural landscape, ecosystem and species diversity of CHIPP. This, in turn, enhances visitor experience as well as public appreciation and understanding. Within the plan, areas of concern are given context, management goals and objectives are identified, and corresponding recommendations are provided. The management plan is designed to provide a long term and comprehensive framework to guide both park operations and park services in using natural resources in sustainable manner. The plan identified two main ecosystem-based management goals: ► Goal 1 - Maintain a safe outdoor environment while enhancing aesthetic, educational, recreational, and interpretive opportunities within the park ► Goal 2 - Restore natural disturbances while maintaining the natural landscape, ecosystem, and species diversity of CHIPP Major recommendations include: ► Ensure effective evacuation in the event of a wildfire ► Implement fuel treatments for threat reduction (e.g. FireSmart, fuel modifications, mechanical harvesting, prescribed fire) ► Risk tree management and renewal within core areas ► Incorporate minimal, low-impact management practices on recreational trails and non-core areas Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park Page | iii ► Develop educational and interpretive material for park patrons and stakeholders on the concepts of ecosystem-based management planning as well as other management planning (e.g. forest conservation management plan) ► Develop educational and interpretive material on specific topics related to ecosystem-based management ► Incorporate management goals and objectives from the associated forest conservation management plan and fire management plan ► Increase the area of young forest in CHIPP by renewing patches of mature to old forests, mainly using mechanical harvesting ► Reassess range health condition and develop grassland management plan to manage native grassland components to mitigate the impacts of climate change, forest and shrub encroachment, and minimize the invasion of non-native plant species ► Incorporate the ecosystem-based management plan when considering park zoning and developments ► Focus any development of large-scale recreational or other facilities to areas with existing developments or already disturbed lands in order to prioritize continued protection of the natural capital of the park ► Protect unique ecosystems (e.g. fescue grasslands, some old-growth forests, open rock faces) or habitats of high importance to wildlife (e.g. bird breeding colonies, rare and species at risk habitat) from all developments ► Reduce the length of roads and trails by closing and reclaiming any that are found to be unnecessary and minimize the development of any new roads or trails ► Minimize livestock grazing access to sensitive areas (e.g. riparian areas along Battle Creek) ► Annually conduct an inventory of non-native or invasive species incidents ► Develop management plans and control programs for non-native plant invasions with priority to core areas, trails, sensitive areas, forest renewal blocks, and fescue grasslands ► Conduct an inventory of rare and endangered species in the park and gather information on their habitat and any threats to them ► Conduct a survey of native grasslands and identify areas of unique or rare species compositions, non-native plant invasions, areas of woody and shrub encroachment ► Incorporate First Nations and Métis communities in projects related to the management of park’s ecosystems and visitor experience ► Enter or maintain current relationships with NGOs, industry or other government agencies to conduct projects related to the park’s ecosystems ► Monitor and report on ecosystem representation and disturbance regimes within the park ► Conduct a risk assessment of core-area trees and vegetation Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park Page | iv TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. V LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. VII LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... IX 1 PURPOSE, APPROACH, AND PROCESS ......................................................................... 10 1.1 Purpose of Plan .............................................................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Planning Approach ......................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Planning Process ............................................................................................................................................ 11 2 KEY ISSUES AND PRIORITIES ........................................................................................ 12 2.1 Key Biodiversity Issues................................................................................................................................... 12 Restoration of a More Natural Disturbance Regime to Park Ecosystems ......................................... 12 Maintaining the Diversity of Natural Landscapes, Ecosystems, and Species .................................... 12 Conservation of Unique Ecosystems and Rare Species ..................................................................... 13 Conserving Animal Populations and Species across CHIPP ............................................................... 13 2.2 Landscape and Ecosystem Management Issues ........................................................................................... 13 Fragmentation ................................................................................................................................... 13 Core Area Vegetation Management.................................................................................................. 14 Park Expansion, Re-designation, Vegetation Management, and Conservation ................................ 14 Assessing the Ecosystem Effects of Resource Extraction Activities................................................... 14 2.3 Interpretation and Information
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