Universid Ade De Sã O Pa

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Universid Ade De Sã O Pa Aspectos semânticos na representação de textos para classificação automática Roberta Akemi Sinoara Tese de Doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional (PPG-CCMC) UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO DE SÃO UNIVERSIDADE Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação Instituto Matemáticas de Ciências SERVIÇO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DO ICMC-USP Data de Depósito: Assinatura: ______________________ Roberta Akemi Sinoara Aspectos semânticos na representação de textos para classificação automática Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação – ICMC-USP, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutora em Ciências – Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional. VERSÃO REVISADA Área de Concentração: Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Solange Oliveira Rezende USP – São Carlos Junho de 2018 Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido com o apoio da FAPESP: processos no. 2013/14757-6 e 2016/07620- 2, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). As opiniões, hipóteses e conclusões ou recomendações expressas neste material são de responsabilidade dos autores e não necessariamente refletem a visão da FAPESP. Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Prof. Achille Bassi e Seção Técnica de Informática, ICMC/USP, com os dados inseridos pelo(a) autor(a) Sinoara, Roberta Akemi S617a Aspectos semânticos na representação de textos para classificação automática / Roberta Akemi Sinoara; orientador Solange Oliveira Rezende. -- São Carlos, 2018. 209 p. Tese (Doutorado - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional) -- Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. 1. Representação de textos. 2. Semântica. 3. Classificação de textos. 4. Mineração de textos. I. Rezende, Solange Oliveira, orient. II. Título. Bibliotecários responsáveis pela estrutura de catalogação da publicação de acordo com a AACR2: Gláucia Maria Saia Cristianini - CRB - 8/4938 Juliana de Souza Moraes - CRB - 8/6176 Roberta Akemi Sinoara Semantic aspects in the representation of texts for automatic classification Doctoral dissertation submitted to the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences – ICMC-USP, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of the Doctorate Program in Computer Science and Computational Mathematics. FINAL VERSION Concentration Area: Computer Science and Computational Mathematics Advisor: Profa. Dra. Solange Oliveira Rezende USP – São Carlos June 2018 This work was supported by grants #2013/14757-6 and #2016/07620-2, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). The opinions, hypotheses and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are the authors’ own and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAPESP. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço por todas as oportunidades que tive e a todas as pessoas que conheci. Agradeço à minha família, em especial, meus pais Eliane e Mario, meus irmãos Fabio e Guilherme, e meu marido Nabil. Por todo amor, dedicação, apoio e compreensão! Agradeço à minha orientadora Solange Rezende, amiga e incentivadora. Pela orientação acadêmica, profissional e pessoal, pela atenção, e por sempre procurar entender as características individuais de cada um de seus alunos! Agradeço à Professora Maria Carolina Monard e aos amigos do LABIC, aqueles da minha primeira passagem pela pesquisa. Por deixarem uma marca especial na minha vida, que me fez querer voltar. E agradeço a todos os novos amigos do LABIC, aqueles que conheci nos últimos anos, pela troca de conhecimento e experiências, pelo companheirismo, e pelas conversas descontraídas na hora do café. Agradeço a gentil ajuda no início do doutorado, as parcerias, os trabalhos conjuntos e as revisões de Bruno Nogueira, Fabiano Fernandes, Marcos Domingues, Rafael Giusti, Ricardo Marcacini, Antonio Parmezan, Renan de Padua, Jorge Valverde-Rebaza, João Antunes, Ricardo Scheicher e Vitor Tonon. Agradecimentos especiais ao Rafael Rossi, pela parceria, várias dicas e toda a ajuda durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. E às meninas, Camila Sundermann, Ivone Matsuno e Jessica de Souza, pela amizade, apoio, carinho, carinhas e tudo mais! ;) :* :D Agradeço ao Professor Roberto Navigli, da Sapienza - Università di Roma, e aos integran- tes do seu grupo Linguistic Computing Laboratory, Alessandro Raganato, Claudio Delli Bovi, Francesco Cecconi, Ignacio Iacobacci, Tommaso Pasini e Valentina Pyatkin, que me receberam tão bem e tornaram minha visita muito proveitosa. Agradecimento especial ao José Camacho Collados, pela atenção e pelo trabalho conjunto. Grazie, ragazzi! I wish you a lot of pasticcini on your journey! Agradeço a todos que contribuíram, direta ou indiretamente, para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. À Universidade de São Paulo, aos professores e funcionários do ICMC-USP, ao Anandsing Dwarkasing, à Martina Vizzani, aos membros das bancas do exame de qualificação e da defesa, e aos pesquisadores que disponibilizaram os resultados de seus trabalhos possibilitando o desenvolvimento deste. Agradeço à Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), que por meio dos processos 2013/14757-6 e 2016/07620-2, apoiou financeiramente a realização desta pesquisa e a sua divulgação em conferências científicas internacionais. Agradeço também aos amici brasiliani, Bruna Brogin, Hieda Adriana, Rafael Garcia, Robson Vieira e Thyago Nepomuceno, minha família em Roma! Espero que nossos caminhos voltem a se cruzar, desse ou do outro lado do oceano! ;) Por fim, agradeço aos desconhecidos Malcolm Gladwell, Paul Hewson, David Evans, Larry Mullen Jr. e Adam Clayton, cujas obras me libertaram e me motivaram. RESUMO SINOARA, R. A. Aspectos semânticos na representação de textos para classificação auto- mática. 2018. 209 p. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências – Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional) – Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP, 2018. Dada a grande quantidade e diversidade de dados textuais sendo criados diariamente, as aplica- ções do processo de Mineração de Textos são inúmeras e variadas. Nesse processo, a qualidade da solução final depende, em parte, do modelo de representação de textos adotado. Por se tratar de textos em língua natural, relações sintáticas e semânticas influenciam o seu significado. No entanto, modelos tradicionais de representação de textos se limitam às palavras, não sendo possível diferenciar documentos que possuem o mesmo vocabulário, mas que apresentam visões diferentes sobre um mesmo assunto. Nesse contexto, este trabalho foi motivado pela diversidade das aplicações da tarefa de classificação automática de textos, pelo potencial das representações no modelo espaço-vetorial e pela lacuna referente ao tratamento da semântica inerente aos dados em língua natural. O seu desenvolvimento teve o propósito geral de avançar as pesquisas da área de Mineração de Textos em relação à incorporação de aspectos semânticos na representação de coleções de documentos. Um mapeamento sistemático da literatura da área foi realizado e os problemas de classificação foram categorizados em relação à complexidade semântica envolvida. Aspectos semânticos foram abordados com a proposta, bem como o desenvolvimento e a avalia- ção de sete modelos de representação de textos: (i) gBoED, modelo que incorpora a semântica obtida por meio de conhecimento do domínio; (ii) Uni-based, modelo que incorpora a semântica por meio da desambiguação lexical de sentidos e hiperônimos de conceitos; (iii) SR-based Terms e SR-based Sentences, modelos que incorporam a semântica por meio de anotações de papéis semânticos; (iv) NASARIdocs, Babel2Vec e NASARI+Babel2Vec, modelos que incorporam a semântica por meio de desambiguação lexical de sentidos e embeddings de palavras e concei- tos. Representações de coleções de documentos geradas com os modelos propostos e outros da literatura foram analisadas e avaliadas na classificação automática de textos, considerando datasets de diferentes níveis de complexidade semântica. As propostas gBoED, Uni-based, SR-based Terms e SR-based Sentences apresentam atributos mais expressivos e possibilitam uma melhor interpretação da representação dos documentos. Já as propostas NASARIdocs, Babel2Vec e NASARI+Babel2Vec incorporam, de maneira latente, a semântica obtida de embeddings geradas a partir de uma grande quantidade de documentos externos. Essa propriedade tem um impacto positivo na performance de classificação. Palavras-chave: Representação de textos, Semântica, Classificação de textos, Mineração de Textos. ABSTRACT SINOARA, R. A. Semantic aspects in the representation of texts for automatic classifica- tion. 2018. 209 p. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências – Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional) – Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP, 2018. Text Mining applications are numerous and varied since a huge amount of textual data are created daily. The quality of the final solution of a Text Mining process depends, among other factors, on the adopted text representation model. Despite the fact that syntactic and semantic relations influence natural language meaning, traditional text representation models are limited to words. The use of such models does not allow the differentiation of documents that use the same vocabulary but present different ideas about the same subject. The motivation of this work relies on the diversity of text classification applications, the potential of vector
Recommended publications
  • Sistemas Operacionais
    Sistemas Operacionais Introdução Informações Gerais Site http://www.inf.ufes.br/~rgomes/so.htm Email [email protected] Sistemas Operacionais Objetivo do Curso Apresentar os fundamentos teóricos dos sistemas operacionais modernos, enfatizando os seus aspectos de organização interna (arquitetura conceitual) e de estruturas e mecanismos de implementação. Sistemas Operacionais Sistema de Computação Hardware Provê os recursos básicos de computação (UCP, memória, dispositivos de E/S). Programas de aplicação Definem as maneiras pelas quais os recursos do sistema são usados para resolver os problemas computacionais dos usuários (compiladores, sistemas de banco de dados, video games, programas financeiros, etc.). Usuários Pessoas, máquinas, outros computadores. Sistemas Operacionais Visão Abstrata (1) Visão Abstrata (2) Fato O hardware de um computador, sozinho, não fornece um ambiente simples, flexível e adequado para o desenvolvimento e uso dos programas de aplicação dos usuários. Sistemas Operacionais Um Sistema Operacional... ... possibilita o uso eficiente e controlado dos diversos componentes de hardware do computador (unidade central de processamento, memória, dispositivos de entrada e saída). ... implementa políticas e estruturas de software de modo a assegurar um melhor desempenho do sistema de computação como um todo. Sistemas Operacionais Definição (1) Nome dado a um conjunto de programas que trabalham de modo cooperativo com o objetivo de prover uma máquina mais flexível e adequada ao programador do que aquela apresentada pelo hardware sozinho. Interface de programação Gerenciamento de recursos Sistemas Operacionais Definição (2) “A program that controls the execution of application programs.” “An interface between applications and hardware.” “Programa que age como um intermediário entre o usuário de um computador e o hardware deste computador”.
    [Show full text]
  • Systed. Volue 4: Design Of
    NASA CR-132hO4 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR AEROSPACE-VEHICLE DESIGN (IPAD) SYSTEM by C. A. Garrocq, M. J. Hurley et al VOLUME IV DESIGN OF THE IPAD SYSTEM PART I - IPAD SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (PHASE I, TASK 2) 20 August 1973 Publicly Released February 10, 1978 -l Prepared Under Contract No.NAS-1-11431 by - NERAL DYNAMICS/CONVAIR AEROSPACE DIVISION C% San Diego, California NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRIO1 (NASA-CR-L132qoq) FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN N78-16007 INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR AEROSPACE-VEHICLE DESIGN (IPtfl),SYSTED. VOLUE 4: DESIGN OF . 1/r OT THE IPAD SYSTEM. PART 1: IPAD SYSTEM Unclas SDESIGN_ (General Dynamics/Convair) 250 p HC'03/02 02561 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR AEROSPACE-VEHICLE DESIGN (IPAD) SYSTEM VOLUME I - SUMMARY VOLUME II - CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IPAD SYSTEM (PHASE I, TASK 1) VOLUME III - ENGINEERING CREATIVE/EVALUATION PROCESSES (PHASE I, TASK 1) VOLUME IV - DESIGN OF THE IPAD SYSTEM PART I - IPAD SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (PHASE I, TASK 2) VOLUME V - DESIGN OF THE IPAD SYSTEM PART II - SYSTEM DESIGN PART III - GENERAL PURPOSE UTILITIES (PHASE I, TASK 2) VOLUME VI - IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE DEVELOPMENT COSTS OPERATIONAL COSTS BENEFIT ASSESSMENT IMPACT ON COMPANY ORGANIZATION SPIN-OFF ASSESSMENT (PHASE II, TASKS 3 to 8) FOREWORD This investigation was conducted for the NASA Langley Research Center by the Convair Aerospace Division of General Dynamics Corpo­ ration under Contract NAS 1-11431. The NASA Technical Monitor was Dr. R. E. Fulton, Head, IPAD Technology Section, Design Technology Branch, Structures and Dynamics Division, assisted by Dr. J.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Science and Technology
    U.S. Department of Commerce Computer Science National Bureau of Standards and Technology NBS NBS Special Publication 500-83 PUBLICATIONS Proceedings of the l^lir(|j|j||nL,°!,,??!*'^P * TECH Computer Performance Evaluation Users Group 1 7th Meeting "Increasing Organizational Productivity" 100 'no. 500-83 1981 c. 2 NATIOI^AL BIJREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology. THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers: Absolute Physical Quantities^ — Radiation Research — Thermodynamics and Molecular Science — Analytical Chemistry — Materials Science.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Measurement and Evaluation of Time-Shared Operating Systems
    PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF TIME-SHARED OPERATING SYSTEMS John Cohn Adams Ph. D. University of Edinburgh 1977 Page Acknowledgements Abstract Chapter 1 1 Chapter 2 26 Chapter 3 66 Chapter 4 94 Chapter 5 114 Chapter 6 140 Chapter 7 168 Appendix 172 Bibliography 175 1 Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the contribution made to my understanding of this subject by all the other workers in this field whom I have met and discussed this topic with over the past six years, unfortunately it would be impossible to name them all. However, I would like to give special thanks to Professor H. Whitfield for initially interesting me in this area and to Professor S. Michaelson for his continued encouragement throughout this work. I should also like to thank all the people involved with the EMAS project both in the Department of Computer Science and the Edinburgh Regional Computing Centre, especially Dr. G.J. Burns and Dr. A. McKendrick, of the ERCC, whose enlightened approach to system management allowed me to carry out the measurement experiments; G.E. Millard, B.A.C. Gilmore and all the ERCC staff involved in the definition of the interactive benchmark and the construction of the 'stimulator', and P.D. Stephens of the ERCC for all his help in topics concerning the EMAS resident supervisor. Finally I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. D.J. Rees without whose encouragement I should never have completed this thesis, and my wife Judy who not only put up with me, and my odd working hours, throughout this project without complaint, but also made such an excellent job of typing this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,440,749 Moore Et Al
    USOO544O749A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,440,749 Moore et al. 45 Date of Patent: Aug. 8, 1995 54 HIGH PERFORMANCE, LOW COST 4,713,749 12/1987 Magar et al. ........................ 395/375 MCROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE 4,714,994 12/1987 Oklobdzija et al. ................ 395/375 4,720,812 1/1988 Kao et al. ............................ 395/700 75 Inventors: Charles H. Moore, Woodside; 4,772,888 9/1988 Kimura .......... ... 340/825.5 Russell H. Fish, III, Mt. View, both 4,777,591 10/1988 Chang et al. ........................ 395/800 of Calif. 4,787,032 11/1988 Culley et al. ........................ 364/200 - 4,803,621 2/1989 Kelly ................................... 395/400 (73) Assignee: Nanotronics Corporation, Eagle 4,860,198 8/1989 Takenaka ... ... 364/DIG. Point, Oreg. 4,870,562 9/1989 Kimoto ...... ... 364/DIG. 1 4,931,986 6/1990 Daniel et al. ........................ 395/550 21 Appl. No.: 389,334 5,036,460 7/1991 Takahira ............................. 395/425 22 Filed: Aug. 3, 1989 5,070,451 12/1991 Moore et al. ....................... 395/375 5,127,091 6/1992 Bonfarah ............................. 395/375 511 Int. Cl'................................................ GO6F 9/22 52 U.S. Cl. .................................... 395/800; 364/931; OTHER PUBLICATIONS 364/925.6; 364/937.1; 364/965.4; (2. Intel 80386 Programmer's Reference Manual, 1986. 58) Field of Search ................ 395/425,725,775, 800 Attorney,Primary ExaminerAgent, or Firm-CooleyDavid Y. Eng Godward Castro 56) References Cited Huddleson & Tatum U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 57 ABSTRACT 3,603,934 9/1971 Heath ........................... 364/DIG. 4,003,033 1/1977 O'Keefe et al.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
    Case: 14-1076 Document: 33 Page: 1 Filed: 06/27/2014 Nos. 14-1076, -1317 United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit HTC CORPORATION and HTC AMERICA, INC., Plaintiffs-Cross-Appellants, v. TECHNOLOGY PROPERTIES LIMITED, PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION, and ALLIACENSE LIMITED, Defendants-Appellants. Appeals from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California in Case No. 5:08-cv-00882-PSG, United States Magistrate Judge Paul S. Grewal PRINCIPAL AND RESPONSE BRIEF OF PLAINTIFFS-CROSS- APPELLANTS HTC CORPORATION AND HTC AMERICA, INC. Heidi L. Keefe Stephen R. Smith Mark R. Weinstein COOLEY LLP Kyle D. Chen One Freedom Square COOLEY LLP Reston Town Center 3175 Hanover Street 11951 Freedom Drive Palo Alto, California 94306-2155 Reston, VA 20190-5656 Telephone: (650) 843-5000 Telephone: (703) 456-8000 Facsimile: (650) 857-0663 Facsimile: (703) 456-8100 Attorneys for Plaintiffs-Cross-Appellants HTC CORPORATION and HTC AMERICA, INC. June 27, 2014 COUNSEL PRESS, LLC (888) 277-3259 Case: 14-1076 Document: 33 Page: 2 Filed: 06/27/2014 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT HTC CORPORATION and HTC AMERICA, INC. v. TECHNOLOGY PROPERTIES LIMITED, PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION, and ALLIACENSE LIMITED Nos. 14-1076, -1317 CERTIFICATE OF INTEREST Counsel for the Plaintiffs-Cross-Appellants HTC Corporation and HTC America, Inc. certifies the following (use “None” if applicable; use extra sheets if necessary): 1. The full name of every party or amicus represented by me is: HTC Corporation and HTC America, Inc. 2. The name of the real party in interest (if the party name in the caption is not the real party in interest) represented by me is: None.
    [Show full text]
  • UCC Dec 1973.Pdf (394.9Kb Application/Pdf)
    f I IUniversity Computer Center newsletter 227 EXPERIMENTAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 VoLUME 7 NuMBER 12 DECEMBER, 1973 CONTENTS Christmas Holiday Hours p. 1 New Year's Holiday Hours p. 1 News About MNF p. 1 UCC Short Courses for Winter Quarter p. 2 Brief Notes: CDC 6600 Usage for November; p. 4 SYSNOTES. A List of Current Program Trouble Reports (PTR's) p. 4 The Suggestion Box p. 8 ******** CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY HOURS NEW YEAR Is HOLIDAY HOURS Lauderdale Close at 2:00 AM Monday, Dec. 24 Lauderdale Close at 6:00 PM Monday, Dec. 31 Open at 8:00 AM Wednesday, Dec. 26 Open at 8:00 AM Wednesday, Jan. 2 II Experimental Close at 12:00 Midnight Sunday, Dec. 23 Experimental Close at 4:00 PM Monday, Dec. 31 I Open at 8:00AM Wednesday, Dec. 26 Open at 8:00 AM Wednesday, Jan. 2 West Bank Close at 4:00 PM Saturday, Dec. 22 West Bank Close at 5:00 PM Monday, Dec. 31 Open at 8:00 AM Wednesday, Dec. 26 Open at 8:00 AM Wednesday, Jan. 2 ) I ******** l MNF NEHS l MNF MANUAL The latest edition of the MNF manual is now available at the Main Engineering Bookstore. It contains corrections to previous editions plus an index. NEW VERSIONS OF MNF During the fall quarter break, new versions of MNF will be put on the 6600 (both regular MNF and student batch MNF) and on the 6400 time-sharing system. The exact date will be announced in SYSNOTES. The main feature of the new versions is that THE DEFAULT FORM OF INPUT/OUTPUT WILL BE ANSI STANDARD (NOT CDC).
    [Show full text]
  • SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION R.J. Bednarz
    SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION R.J. Bednarz CYFRONET, Swierk, Poland 0. Introduction 1. Hardware Overview The System Performance Optimization In this Chapter I would like to has become and important and difficult present the examples of hardware used for field for large scientific computer centres. the large scale scientific computations Important because the centres must satisfy /batch and interactive/. The examples will increasing user demands at the lowest be taken from CERN and INR computer centres, possible cost. Difficult because the which use IBM and CDC equipment. It is well System Performance Optimization requires known, that scientific computations are a deep understanding of hardware, software almost monopolized by these two and workload. The optimization is a manufacturers especially in the field of dynamic process depending on the changes physics. Assuming the elementary knowledge in hardware configuration, current level of computer structure, I will concentrate of the operating system and user generated on the hardware aspects, which are crucial workload. With the increasing complication for performance and programming. Since the of the computer system and software, the IBM and CDC computers differ very much in field for the optimization manoeuvres the organization, it is necessary to broadens. describe them separately. In the three hour lecture it is of course difficult to cover all aspects of 1.1. IBM Hardware the System Performance Optimization. First of all it was necessary to talk in the Figure i shows IBM 370/168-3 computer, Chapter i about the hardware of only two which is installed at CERN. The central manufacturers IBM and CDC. Chapter 2 processing unit is equiped with 3 megabytes contains the description of four IBM and memory, byte and block multiplexer channels, two operating system.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,809,336 Moore Et Al
    USOO5809336A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,809,336 MOOre et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 15, 1998 54 HIGH PERFORMANCE MICROPROCESSOR 4.338,675 7/1982 Palmer .................................... 364/748 HAVING WARIABLE SPEED SYSTEM 4,398,265 8/1983 Puhl et al. 395/882 CLOCK 4,453,229 6/1984 Schaire ... ... 395/250 4,503,500 3/1985 Magan ........ ... 395/800 (75) Inventors: Charles H. Moore, Woodside; Russell 4539,655 9/1985 Trussell et al. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 395/280 H. Fish, III, Mt. View, both of Calif. 4,553,201 11/1985 Pollack ............................... 395/183.22 4,627,082 12/1986 Pelgrom et al. .......................... 377/63 O O 4,670,837 6/1987 Sheets ............ ... 395/550 73 ASSignee: Patriot Scientific Corporation, San 4,680,698 7/1987 Edwards et al. 395/800 Diego, Calif. 4,761,763 8/1988 Hicks ...................................... 395/286 5,414,862 5/1995 Suzuki et al. ........................... 395/750 21 Appl. No.: 484,918 Primary Examiner David Y. Eng 22 Filed: Jun. 7, 1995 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Cooley Godward LLP Related U.S. Application Data 57 ABSTRACT 62 Division of Ser. No. 389,334, Aug. 3, 1989, Pat. No. A high performance, low cost microprocessor System having 5,440,749. a variable speed System clock is disclosed herein. The microprocessor System includes an integrated circuit having 51) Int. Cl. 6 ........................................................ G06F 1/04 a central processing unit and a ring oscillator variable Speed 52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 395/845 System clock for clocking the microprocessor. The central 58 Field of Search ..................................... 395/500, 551, processing unit and ring oscillator variable Speed System 395/555,845 clock each include a plurality of electronic devices of like type, which allows the central processing unit to operate at 56) References Cited a variable processing frequency dependent upon a variable U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Computer Performance Evaluation Users Group
    U.S. Department of Commerce Computer Science National Bureau of Standards and Technology NBS NBS Special Publication 500-83 PUBLICATIONS Proceedings of the l^lir(|j|j||nL,°!,,??!*'^P * TECH Computer Performance Evaluation Users Group 1 7th Meeting "Increasing Organizational Productivity" 100 'no. 500-83 1981 c. 2 NATIOI^AL BIJREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology. THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers: Absolute Physical Quantities^ — Radiation Research — Thermodynamics and Molecular Science — Analytical Chemistry — Materials Science.
    [Show full text]