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UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Social MAGNO PAGANELLI DE SOUZA a História Recente Do Turi

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UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Social MAGNO PAGANELLI DE SOUZA a História Recente Do Turi UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social MAGNO PAGANELLI DE SOUZA A história recente do turismo religioso brasileiro e seu papel no conflito Israel-Palestina São Paulo 2018 MAGNO PAGANELLI DE SOUZA A história recente do turismo religioso brasileiro e seu papel no conflito Israel-Palestina Tese apresentada a banca examinadora do Programa de Pós-Graduação do Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências, área de concentração em História Social. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Peter R. Demant São Paulo 2018 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. PAGANELLI, Magno. A história recente do turismo religioso brasileiro e seu papel no conflito Israel-Palestina. Tese apresentada a banca examinadora do Programa de Pós- Graduação do Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências, área de concentração em História Social. Aprovado em: Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr. __________________________ Instituição: ___________________________ Julgamento: ________________________ Assinatura: __________________________ Prof. Dr. __________________________ Instituição: ___________________________ Julgamento: ________________________ Assinatura: __________________________ Prof. Dr. __________________________ Instituição: ___________________________ Julgamento: ________________________ Assinatura: __________________________ Prof. Dr. __________________________ Instituição: ___________________________ Julgamento: ________________________ Assinatura: __________________________ Prof. Dr. __________________________ Instituição: ___________________________ Julgamento: ________________________ Assinatura: __________________________ À minha esposa Roseli e ao meu filho Magno, pela compreensão e apoio em inúmeros momentos, horas e dias que precisei para avançar nesta pesquisa. Aos meus pais, Dinovam Nunes de Souza (in memorian) e Janis Paganelli, que desde os primeiros anos de vida insistiam para que eu estudasse. A presente tese é reflexo direto de suas insistentes recomendações. Elas frutificaram abundantemente. A Deus, em quem tenho fé inegociável. RESUMO PAGANELLI, Magno. A história recente do turismo religioso brasileiro e seu papel no conflito Israel-Palestina. Tese (Doutorado). 2018, 394f. Programa de Pós-Graduação do Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, são Paulo, 2018. A história antiga das peregrinações de cristãos ao que chamam Terra Santa, espaço geográfico que hoje compreende o Estado de Israel e o Estado da Palestina é milenar e sempre ocorreu com a motivação religiosa permeando-a em maior ou menor grau. Com o desenvolvimento do Turismo de massa na modernidade, tendo estabelecido roteiros e pacotes de viagem rígidos devido às exigências econômicas, a prática da peregrinação ganhou novos contornos e chamou a atenção de novos agentes. O Turismo para Israel e, indiretamente, para a Palestina chega hoje a números recordes de turistas vindos de todo o mundo, gerando uma significativa receita para os primeiros de US$ 5,744 bi, com o record de 3,6 milhões de turistas vindos de todo o mundo e é visto pelo Estado como um importante campo para a criação de apoiadores ou “embaixadores” que podem reproduzir uma narrativa em favor dos seus interesses políticos. Do lado palestino, embora com menor organização e presença midiática, nem por isso deixam de auferir resultados positivos com essa atividade. A partir desse quadro e da Teoria dos Campos, de P. Bourdieu, a pesquisa investiga a extensão do campo desse Turismo entre os evangélicos brasileiros, considerando os campos político e religioso em tensão. Passamos por teorias recentes e atualizadas sobre o Turismo no Brasil e no mundo, aplicando-as ao quadro de referência. Com recorte cronológico a partir do ano 2000, em função do incremento do turismo, com recorte metodológico para caravanas realizadas entre 2011 e 2013 e 2017, a pesquisa foca um grupo de dez turistas que foram acompanhamos por um ano. Entre 2011 e 2013 fizemos nossa primeira viagem aos territórios de Israel e Palestina, seguida de outra em 2012 e a terceira no ano em que iniciei a pesquisa de Mestrado, em 2013. Partindo de fontes bibliográficas inéditas no Brasil, reconstrói-se globalmente a história das peregrinações para a região nos últimos 2000 anos e, mais detalhadamente, a história dessas peregrinações e o início do Turismo comercial no Brasil. A pesquisa resgata, por meio de documentos e entrevistas, a história dos brasileiros que viajaram para Israel- Palestina, desde 1853. Elaboramos uma apresentação das dinâmicas das caravanas no período da profissionalização da atividade, apontando o papel de cada agente envolvido na mesma. A conclusão posiciona os achados no cenário mais amplo da História e considera a relação conturbada entre Turismo e política de Israel e Brasil em anos recentes. Em confronto com os resultados alcançados, nem todas as hipóteses levantadas se verificam, indicando a necessidade de uma revisão na Teoria dos Campos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE. Israel-Palestina; conflito; peregrinação; turismo; evangélicos; sionismo evangélico. ABSTRACT PAGANELLI, Magno. A história recente do turismo religioso brasileiro e seu papel no conflito Israel-Palestina. Tese (Doutorado). 2018, 405 f. Programa de Pós-Graduação do Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, são Paulo, 2018. The ancient history of pilgrimages of Christians to where they call the Holy Land, today a geographical space that comprises the State of Israel and the State of Palestine is millenarian and has always occurred with religious motivation permeating it to a greater or lesser degree. As the development of modernity Mass tourism has established itineraries and travel packages rigid due to economic requirements, the pilgrimage practice gained new contours and attracted the attention of new agents. Nowadays tourism in Israel and, indirectly, in Palestine reaches record numbers of tourists coming from all over the world, generating a significant revenue for the first of US $ 5.744 billion, with a record of 3.6 million tourists from all over the world and it is seen by the state as an important field for the creation of supporters or "ambassadors" who can reproduce a narrative in favor of their political interests. Although with less organization and media presence, they nevertheless fail to obtain positive results with this activity on the Palestinian side. From this painting and the Theory of Fields, by P. Bourdieu, the research investigates the extension of the field of this Tourism among Brazilian evangelicals, considering the political and religious fields in tension. We have passed through recent and up-to-date theories on Tourism in Brazil and in the world, applying them to the frame of reference. With a chronological cut from the year 2000, due to the increase in tourism, with a methodological cut for caravans between 2011 and 2013 and 2017, the survey focuses on a group of ten tourists who have been accompanying us for a year. Between 2011 and 2013 we made our first trip to the territories of Israel and Palestine, followed by another in 2012 and the third in the year in which I started the Master's research in 2013. Starting from unpublished bibliographical sources in Brazil, history is reconstructed globally of the pilgrimages to the region in the last 2000 years and, in more detail, the history of these pilgrimages and the beginning of commercial tourism in Brazil. The research rescues, through documents and interviews, the history of the Brazilians who have traveled to Israel-Palestine since 1853. We have elaborated a presentation of the dynamics of the caravans during the period of professionalization of the activity, pointing out the role of each agent involved in it. The conclusion positions the findings in the broader scenario of history and considers the troubled relationship between tourism and politics of Israel and Brazil in recent years. In contrast to the results achieved, not all the hypotheses have been raised, it has indicated the need for a review in the Field Theory. KEY-WORDS. Israel-Palestine; conflict; pilgrimage; tourism; evangelicals; evangelical zionism. LISTA DE MAPAS Mapa 1. O itinerário das viagens oferecidas por Cook: Egito, Nilo, Palestina, Turquia, Grécia e Itália...............................................................106 Mapa 2. Terra Santa, localização das cidades e acidentes geográficos mencionados na pesquisa...........................................................................132 Mapa 3. O mapa mostra ambas as rotas possíveis para se chegar a Jerusalém: a estrada, por onde ciruclaram carruagens ou a cavalo e a estrada de ferro.....................211 LISTA DE TABELAS E GRÁFICO Tabela 1. Comparação entre itinerários percorridos por católicos e evangélicos..........393 Tabela 2. O crescimento das denominações protestantes nos Estados Unidos...............395 Tabela 3. Percepção em relação ao povo local depois da viagem .................................314 Tabela 4. Amostra do resultado das interações com populações locais.........................315 Tabela 5. Percepção do turista brasileiro em relação
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