THE FUTURE of NEWS Human Intelligence
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SUMMER 2009 INTELLIGENT DIALOGUE: THE FUTURE OF NEWS Human Intelligence. Real Influence. INTRODUCTION THANKS TO THE INTERNET, and wide. Anyone can read a piece of Then there’s Twitter, where anybody everyone’s a journalist. Or are they? news, dash off a diatribe about the can post whatever news they want We all certainly have the tools to get issue and share it with the world. But straight onto the update stream as long our message out, whatever that may does that make them journalists? as it’s no longer than 140 characters. be. But does such access make us a What of reporting standards, writing Yet despite its extreme popularity, it has new type of journalist? What does the skills, source-vetting, libel laws, no revenue model in place. future hold for a profession if anyone professional ethics, fact-checking can take it up whenever they choose? guidelines, copy editing styles—the How does all this affect traditional traditional building blocks of news organizations? Until recently, Your next-door neighbor may be a journalism? Will some of those tenets their core offerings were pretty big fan of “Law & Order.” But would be set aside in the future? From a standard and familiar; journalists you ask him to draw up legal reporting perspective, what’s the working with established processes documents for you? Or say your difference between an experienced delivering news to the public in nephew is a whiz with a crayon and photojournalist on the streets of printed or broadcast form. So what can build one hell of a LEGO Tehran and a protester with a camera purpose do those organizations serve mansion. Would you hand over phone and a Twitter account? Can when on-the-spot citizen journalists drafting duties for your garage they exist in harmony? get the scoops and feed them into addition? Or maybe you are worried interactive media instantly and for about recurrent pain in your stomach. It’s an idea whose time has come. free? What happens to news as we Would you be satisfied with a Grassroots citizen reporting and knew it when traditional news diagnosis from your hypochondriac everyman commentary via social organizations’ advertising revenue office mate? media and blogs are a fact of life. In and audiences are going online? some cases there’s an editorial There’s no talk of “citizen lawyers” process in place. For example the Over the past nine months nations or “citizen architects” or “citizen pioneering OhmyNews, based in around the world have watched in doctors.” Yet plenty of lip service is South Korea, gathers reports from bewilderment as the automotive paid to “citizen journalists” these international “citizen” contributors industry faces a massive contraction days. The implication is clear. There’s but employs a trained editing staff to in demand that’s affecting hundreds no need to spend time working fulfill many of the traditional of thousands of jobs and toward a journalism degree, or functions of a news organization. shareholders. Over a longer period, in climbing the newsroom ladder to OhmyNews has been a critical and the background, the news industry learn the trade. Via the Internet, popular, if not financial, success, has been facing its own slow-motion anybody can disseminate a story. since its launch in 2002. The pileup. In this edition of Intelligent Anyone can latch onto a piece of business model is struggling Dialogue we look at some of the key gossip or a shocking photo, slap on a however, and a second outpost, in themes of one overarching question: sensational headline and send it far Japan, has been shuttered. What is the future of news? HUMAN INTELLIGENCE. REAL INFLUENCE. INTELLIGENT DIALOGUE: THE FUTURE OF NEWS 3 SIGHTINGS from the ZEITGEIST It’s disruptive to business models, which is always terrifying to people in high-margin businesses. While the ability of anyone to be a journalist—and attract an audience—is noteworthy in itself, the serious threat is a financial one. And not because of digital copying or other such stuff. It’s the erosion of the advertising model that has supported journalism for so long. —DAN GILLMOR, author, “We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People” 4 INTELLIGENT DIALOGUE: THE FUTURE OF NEWS HUMAN INTELLIGENCE. REAL INFLUENCE. BIG QUESTION 1 WHAT IS THE STATE OF NEWS TODAY? IT’S WHEN UNDENIABLE change hits, Ordinary news consumers may not give (“content that attracts consumers’ attention like now, that we get around to asking the question too much thought. They and advertisers’ budgets”). fundamental questions about the things we simply want what they want when they take for granted. want it. News industry professionals, > HAS NEWS BECOME academics and news addicts are more Old patterns of news consumption have likely to have their own answers, ranging A PRODUCT? It’s a sign of the irrevocably shifted: Print newspapers and from idealistic (“information and an times that readers or viewers of the news are magazines are struggling and folding by accurate account of events”) to bottom-line commonly thought of as “consumers.” And the dozen; audiences for traditional TV while journalists may not readily accept this newscasts are drifting away. And that pace growing perspective, they certainly have will only quicken as Digital Natives some idea of whom they’re serving. (who came of age reading news News purveyors have always been and watching “TV” online) more or less aware of their typical populate more and more of the audience profile. Some of the more media market and become key populist titles have prospered by decision makers. A few nostalgic having a sharp sense of what their members of our old-media guard audience wants and delivering it; will surely survive this downturn, but they while loftier organizations have will no longer be the major players they employed a “know-better” attitude once were. So, getting down to brass tacks, and given the audience “what’s what is “news” now? good for them.” HUMAN INTELLIGENCE. REAL INFLUENCE. INTELLIGENT DIALOGUE: THE FUTURE OF NEWS 5 SIGHTINGS from the ZEITGEIST Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. —THOMAS JEFFERSON 6 INTELLIGENT DIALOGUE: THE FUTURE OF NEWS HUMAN INTELLIGENCE. REAL INFLUENCE. However, as competition has grown and They have shifted somewhat, with the the influence of marketing has spread, addition of lifestyle pieces, Web presences and media organizations have increasingly even iPhone apps (Le Monde, El País, de come around—willingly or otherwise—to Volkskrant, La Repubblica). Even thinking of their titles as larger brands and publications as highbrow as The Economist their audience as consumers. They have get playful with punny headlines and engaged brand consultants, conducted captions, not to mention that magazine’s semi- market research and paid ever more serious Big Mac Index and Burgernomics. attention to what “plays” in an effort to But they are still demanding reads. And increase their appeal. how much detail are readers willing or dumbing down its content in pursuit of even able to absorb anymore, whether it’s ratings, taking a more populist approach. > HAS NEWS BEEN current national politics or environmental CONSUMERIZED AND issues, let alone treaty negotiations or long- A quick glance at newsstands and TV DUMBED DOWN? running border disputes? How interested schedules confirms that consumers have an Some are they? Should they be interested? insatiable appetite for celebrities and traditional outlets still cover news with a human-interest stories. News coverage of “long-form” approach, spending time Many providers have decided the controversial Iranian elections and (and money) producing pieces content needs to be “sexed up” street protests had begun to die down until that require time and with sensationalized angles the murder of a pretty 20-something attention from a reader or (the Rupert Murdoch- woman, Neda, was caught on camera and viewer; this is especially ization of news). Short, video and broadcast worldwide, putting a true of heavyweight punchy news moments captivating and tragic face on the events. newspapers that see are interspersed with News and social networking traffic themselves as being lighter lifestyle spots to spiked. Then Michael Jackson died and standard bearers for their keep viewers the world’s media suddenly switched industry, such as the entertained gears. The news of the King of Pop’s Financial Times, Le (descendands of USA shocking end triggered massive surges in Monde in France, El País in Today, which has been both traditional media and new media Spain, Frankfurter Allgemeine nicknamed the “McPaper” traffic. Security and media analysts were Zeitung in Germany, La since birth). Even the venerable concerned that the sudden loss of attention Repubblica in Italy and the Volkskrant BBC, Britain’s public service could give Iranian authorities the chance and NRC Handelsblad in the Netherlands. broadcaster, has come under fire for to crack down more heavily on opposition. HUMAN INTELLIGENCE. REAL INFLUENCE. INTELLIGENT DIALOGUE: THE FUTURE OF NEWS 7 While news pros have always known that a story plays better when given a personal focus, has celebrity culture ever been so dominant? Maybe the easy, immediate access to breaking news amplifies our desire for it. But across the board, in print, on TV and online, celebrities sell. > IS DUMBING DOWN A GLOBAL ISSUE? Looking outside the English-speaking world in which News Corporation’s influence and uber-commercial sensibility is so strongly felt, the dumbing down of news is less pronounced. It’s striking that even the most downmarket, mass-appeal titles in continental Europe feel far more subdued than their counterparts in the U.S.