ICSHAM Acrylic Esters Safe Handling Guide

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ICSHAM Acrylic Esters Safe Handling Guide ACRYLATE ESTERS A SUMMARY OF SAFETY AND HANDLING 3RD EDITION Compiled by ATOFINA Chemicals, Inc. BASF Corporation Celanese, Ltd. The Dow Chemical Company ROHM AND HAAS2002 COMPANY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................................1 2 NAMES AND GENERAL INFORMATION......................................................................................................................2 2.1 ODOR..............................................................................................................................................................................................2 2.2 REACTIVITY.....................................................................................................................................................................................2 3 PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ACRYLATES........................................................................................3 4 SAFETY AND HANDLING MANAGEMENT TRAINING..........................................................................................5 4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.......................................................................................................................................................5 4.2 SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS...................................................................................................................5 4.3 WRITTEN OPERATING PROCEDURES...........................................................................................................................................5 4.4 DOCUMENTED TRAINING PROGRAM.............................................................................................................................................5 4.5 WRITTEN EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS.....................................................................................................................................5 5 HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION.........................................................................................................................6 5.1 TOXICOLOGY............................................................................................................................................................6 5.1.1 General........................................................................................................................................................6 5.1.2 Acute Exposure.......................................................................................................................................6 5.1.3 Chronic Exposure.......................................................................................................................................6 5.2 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE.................................................................................................................................6 5.2.1 General............................................................................................................................................6 5.2.2 Personal Hygiene........................................................................................................................................7 5.3 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT.......................................................................................................................................7 5.4 FIRST AID......................................................................................................................................................................................7 5.4.1 General.............................................................................................................................................................................7 5.4.2 Contact with Eyes..........................................................................................................................................8 5.4.3 Contact with Skin...........................................................................................................................................8 5.4.4 Inhalation.....................................................................................................................................................................8 5.4.4.1 Suggestions to Physicians.....................................................................................................................................................8 5.4.5 Ingestion.............................................................................................................................................................8 5.5 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT...............................................................................................................................................8 5.5.1 General................................................................................................................................................................8 5.5.2 Eye Protection......................................................................................................................................................9 5.5.3 Skin Protection.......................................................................................................................................................9 5.5.4 Respiratory Protection.........................................................................................................................................9 5.5.5 Head Protection................................................................................................................................................9 6 INSTABILITY AND REACTIVITY HAZARDS.................................................................................................................9 6.1 POLYMERIZATION.............................................................................................................................................................9 6.2 FLAMMABILITY..............................................................................................................................................................................10 7 BULK STORAGE FACILITIES AND ACCESSORIES...................................................................................................11 7.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS..........................................................................................................................................................11 7.1.1 Odor Control.................................................................................................................................................................12 7.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS............................................................................................................................................................12 7.2.1 Temperature Control of Bulk Storage Tanks and Accessories..................................................................................13 7.2.2 Pumps and Protection of Pumps from Overheating..................................................................................................13 7.2.3 Detecting Unsafe Conditions Inside Bulk Storage Vessels........................................................................................13 7.2.4 Avoiding Polymer Formation in Vent Nozzles and Lines.........................................................................................14 7.2.5 Heating of Liquid Acrylate Monomer.........................................................................................................................14 7.2.6 Indoor Acrylates Storage Facilities...............................................................................................................................14 7.2.7 Engineering Features for Environmental Protection..................................................................................................14 i 7.2.8 Engineering Considerations for Fire Control...............................................................................................................15 7.2.8.1 Mixed Gas Systems............................................................................................................................................................15 7.2.9 Materials for Construction and Sealing in Acrylate Service................................................................................16 7.2.10 Venting of Bulk Storage Tanks.....................................................................................................................................16 7.2.11 Emergency Venting of Bulk Storage Tanks.................................................................................................................16 7.2.12 Other Bulk Storage Tank Accessories...........................................................................................................................16 7.2.13 Summary of Special Recommended Design Features for Bulk Acrylates Storage Facilities and Accessories.......................................................................................................17 8 EQUIPMENT PREPARATION AND CLEANING..........................................................................................................20 8.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.......................................................................................................................................................20
Recommended publications
  • Aldrich Polymer Products Applicaton & Reference Information
    Reference:Reference: PolymerPolymer PropertiesProperties Thermal Transitions of Homopolymers: Glass Transition & Melting Point Literature values for the glass transition temperature, (Tg), and in Table I have been taken from melting temperature, (Tm), are given in Table I for the more various sources and represent the most commonly common homopolymers. Polymers are listed by the repeat- reported numbers.1 Several factors can influence the ing unit in the polymer chain. These polymers and corre- reported values, including molecular weight, molecular sponding monomers are available from Aldrich. Literature val- weight distribution, tacticity, thermal history, purity, and ues for a given material can vary widely. The values reported method of measurement. Table I: Thermal Transitions of Homopolymers: Glass Transition (Tg) & Melting Point (Tm) Temperatures Repeating Unit Tg (°C) Tm (°C) Repeating Unit Tg (°C) Tm (°C) Acenaphthylene 214 N,N-Dimethylacrylamide 89 Acetaldehyde -32 165 Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate 19 4-Acetoxystyrene 116 2,6-Dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide 167 Acrylamide 165 Dimethylsiloxane -127 -40 Acrylic acid 105 2,4-Dimethylstyrene 112 Acrylonitrile, syndiotactic 125 319 2,5-Dimethylstyrene 143 Allyl glycidyl ether -78 3,5-Dimethylstyrene 104 Benzyl acrylate 6 Dodecyl acrylate -3 Benzyl methacrylate 54 Dodecyl methacrylate -65 Bisphenol A-alt-epichlorohydrin 100 Dodecyl vinyl ether -62 Bisphenol A terephthalate 205 Epibromohydrin -14 Bisphenol carbonate 174 Epichlorohydrin -22 Bisphenol F carbonate 147 1,2-Epoxybutane -70
    [Show full text]
  • New L-Serine Derivative Ligands As Cocatalysts for Diels-Alder Reaction
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Organic Chemistry Volume 2013, Article ID 217675, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/217675 Research Article New L-Serine Derivative Ligands as Cocatalysts for Diels-Alder Reaction Carlos A. D. Sousa,1 José E. Rodríguez-Borges,2 and Cristina Freire1 1 REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu´ımica e Bioqu´ımica, Faculdade de Cienciasˆ da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal 2 Centro de Investigac¸ao˜ em Qu´ımica, Departamento de Qu´ımica e Bioqu´ımica, Faculdade de Cienciasˆ da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal Correspondence should be addressed to Cristina Freire; [email protected] Received 1 October 2013; Accepted 21 October 2013 Academic Editors: P. S. Andrada, M. W. Paixao, and N. Zanatta Copyright © 2013 Carlos A. D. Sousa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. New L-serine derivative ligands were prepared and tested as cocatalyst in the Diels-Alder reactions between cyclopentadiene (CPD) and methyl acrylate, in the presence of several Lewis acids. The catalytic potential of the in situ formed complexes was evaluated based on the reaction yield. Bidentate serine ligands showed good ability to coordinate medium strength Lewis acids, thus boosting their catalytic activity. The synthesis of the L-serine ligands proved to be highly efficient and straightforward. 1. Introduction derivative ligands, as alternative to the usual strong Lewis acids.
    [Show full text]
  • Poly( Ethylene-Co-Methyl Acrylate)-Solvent- Cosolvent Phase Behaviour at High Pressures
    Poly( ethylene-co-methyl acrylate)-solvent- cosolvent phase behaviour at high pressures Melchior A. Meilchen, Bruce M. Hasch, Sang-Ho Lee and Mark A. McHugh* Department of Chemical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21278, USA (Received 5 April 7991; accepted 75 July 1997 ) Cloud-point data to 160°C and 2000 bar are presented showing the effect of cosolvents on the phase behaviour of poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) (EMA) (64 mo1%/36 mol%) with propane and chlorodifluoromethane (F22). Ethanol shifts the EMA-propane cloud-point curves to lower temperatures and pressures, but above _ 10 wt% ethanol, the copolymer becomes insoluble. Up to 40 wt% acetone monotonically shifts the EMA-propane cloud-point curves to lower temperatures and pressures. Acetone and ethanol both shift the cloud-point curves of EMA-F22 mixtures in the same monotonic manner for cosolvent concentrations of up to 40 wt%. (Keywords: copolymer; cosolvent; high pressures) INTRODUCTION or diethyl ether, so it is necessary to operate at elevated temperatures and pressures to dissolve high molecular Within the past 20 years there has been a great deal of weight polystyrene in either solvent. Adding acetone to effort invested in trying to understand and model the PS-diethyl ether mixtures monotonically reduces the solubility behaviour of polar polymers in liquid cosolvent pressure needed at a given temperature to obtain a single mixtures’-9. Polymer solubility is usually related to phase. whether the cosolvent preferentially solvates or adsorbs There has also been a number of viscometric and light to certain segments of the polymer chain as determined scattering studies on the solution behaviour of polar by light scattering, viscosity measurements or cloud- copolymers in liquid cosolvent mixtures’4*‘5.
    [Show full text]
  • Filter Chart
    Filter Chart Chemical Filter Chemical Filter Chemical Filter Abate FFP1 tert-Butyl acetate A1 Copper fume FFP1 Acetaldehyde A1 Butyl acrylate A1 Dusts & mist (as Cu) FFP1 Acetic acid E1 n-Butyl alcohol A1 Cotton dust, raw FFP1 Acetic anhydride B1 sec-Butyl alcohol R A1 Crag herbicide FFP1 Acetonitrile A1 Butylamine B1 Cresol, all isomers FFP1 Acetylene dichloride A1 tert-Butyl chromate (as Cro3) FFP1 Cumene FFP1 Acetylene tetrabromide A1 n-Butyl glycidyl ether(BGE) A1 Cyanamide A1 P1 Acetylsalicylic acid FFP2 n-Butyl lactate A1 Cyanogen B1 Acrolein A1 o-sec Butyl phenol A1 Acrylamide A1 P2 p-tert Butyltoluene A1 Cyanogen chloride (CK) B1 Acrylonitrile A1 Cadmium, dust & salts (as Cd) FFP1 Cyclohexane A1 Aldrin A1 P2 Cadmium oxide fume (as Cd) FFP1 Cyclohexnol A1 Allyl alcohol A1 Calcium cyanamide FFP1 Cyclohexanone A1 Allyl chloride A1 Calcium hydroxide FFP1 Cyclohexene Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) A1 Calcium oxide FFP1 A1 Allyl propyl disulfide B1 Camphor, synthetic A1 Cyclohexylamine A1 Aluminium metal and oxide FFP2 Caprolactam Dust FFP1 Cyclonite B1 Aluminium pyro powders FFP2 Vapor A1 1.3 Cyclopentadiene A1 Aluminium welding fumes A1 P2 Captafol(DifolatanR) FFP1 2.4-D (2.4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) FFP1 Aluminium soluble salts FFP2 Captan FFP1 Aluminium, alkyls A1 R Carbary (Seven ) FFP1 D.D.T. (Dichlorodiphenyl A1 P1 4-Aminodiphenyl FFP1 Carbofuran (FuradanR) FFP1 trichloroethane) A1 P1 2- Aminoethanol A1 Carbon black FFP1 DDVP Decaborane B1 P1 2- Aminopyridine K1 Carbon dusulfide B1 DemetonR B1 P1 Ammonia A1 Carbon tetrabromide
    [Show full text]
  • Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: State-Of-The-Art in 2017
    Chapter 1 Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art in 2017 Sivaprakash Shanmugam and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski* Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States *E-mail: [email protected]. This chapter highlights the current advancements in reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) with a specifc focus on atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The chapter begins with highlighting the termination pathways for acrylates radicals that were recently explored via RDRP techniques. This led to a better understanding of the catalytic radical termination (CRT) in ATRP for acrylate radicals. The designed new ligands for ATRP also enabled the suppression of CRT and increased chain end functionality. In addition, further mechanistic understandings of SARA-ATRP with Cu0 activation and comproportionation were studied using model reactions with different ligands and alkyl halide initiators. Another focus of RDRP in recent years has been on systems that are regulated by external stimuli such as light, Downloaded via CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV on August 17, 2020 at 15:07:44 (UTC). electricity, mechanical forces and chemical redox reactions. Recent advancements made in RDRP in the feld of complex See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles. polymeric architectures, organic-inorganic hybrid materials and bioconjugates have also been summarized. Introduction The overarching goal of this chapter is to provide an overall summary of the recent achievements in reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), primarily in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and also in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, tellurium mediated © 2018 American Chemical Society Matyjaszewski et al.; Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: Mechanisms and Synthetic Methodologies ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Living Free Radical Polymerization with Reversible Addition – Fragmentation
    Polymer International Polym Int 49:993±1001 (2000) Living free radical polymerization with reversible addition – fragmentation chain transfer (the life of RAFT) Graeme Moad,* John Chiefari, (Bill) YK Chong, Julia Krstina, Roshan TA Mayadunne, Almar Postma, Ezio Rizzardo and San H Thang CSIRO Molecular Science, Bag 10, Clayton South 3169, Victoria, Australia Abstract: Free radical polymerization with reversible addition±fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT polymerization) is discussed with a view to answering the following questions: (a) How living is RAFT polymerization? (b) What controls the activity of thiocarbonylthio compounds in RAFT polymeriza- tion? (c) How do rates of polymerization differ from those of conventional radical polymerization? (d) Can RAFT agents be used in emulsion polymerization? Retardation, observed when high concentra- tions of certain RAFT agents are used and in the early stages of emulsion polymerization, and how to overcome it by appropriate choice of reaction conditions, are considered in detail. Examples of the use of thiocarbonylthio RAFT agents in emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization are provided. # 2000 Society of Chemical Industry Keywords: living polymerization; controlled polymerization; radical polymerization; dithioester; trithiocarbonate; transfer agent; RAFT; star; block; emulsion INTRODUCTION carbonylthio compounds 2 by addressing the following In recent years, considerable effort1,2 has been issues: expended to develop free radical processes that display (a) How living is RAFT polymerization?
    [Show full text]
  • Methyl Acrylate (CASRN 96-33-3) | IRIS
    Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Assessment Summary National Center for Environmental Assessment Methyl acrylate; CASRN 96-33-3 Human health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in the IRIS database only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data, as outlined in the IRIS assessment development process. Sections I (Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects) and II (Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure) present the conclusions that were reached during the assessment development process. Supporting information and explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are provided in the guidance documents located on the IRIS website. STATUS OF DATA FOR Methyl acrylate File First On-Line 12/01/1990 Category (section) Assessment Available? Last Revised Oral RfD (I.A.) not evaluated Inhalation RfC (I.B.) not evaluated Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) yes 12/01/1990 I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD) Substance Name — Methyl acrylate CASRN — 96-33-3 Not available at this time. 1 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Assessment Summary National Center for Environmental Assessment I.B. Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC) Substance Name — Methyl acrylate CASRN — 96-33-3 Not available at this time. II. Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure Substance Name — Methyl acrylate CASRN — 96-33-3 Last Revised — 12/01/1990 Section II provides information on three aspects of the carcinogenic assessment for the substance in question; the weight-of-evidence judgment of the likelihood that the substance is a human carcinogen, and quantitative estimates of risk from oral exposure and from inhalation exposure.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Synthesis of Methyl Acrylate-Rl-D and 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Its Alternating Copolymers
    Polymer Journal, Vol. 12, No.3, pp 177-181 (1980) A Novel Synthesis of Methyl Acrylate-rl-d and 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Its Alternating Copolymers Kenji YOKOTA, Tadamichi HIRABAYASHJ, and Kensuke TAKAHASHI Materials Research Laboratory, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466, Japan. (Received November 13, 1979) ABSTRACT: Methyl acrylate-a-d of high isotopic purity was synthesized in 50 per cent yield by reducing methyl a-bromoacrylate with zinc dust and deuterium oxide in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether at 80-1 oooc. 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of alternating styrene-a-d-methyl acrylate-a-d and a-methylstyrene-methyl acrylate-a-d copolymers ate discussed. KEY WORDS Methyl Acrylate-a-d I Deuteraiion I Zinc I Deuterium Oxide I 1 H NMR I Alternating Copolymer I The partial deuteration of a vinyl monomer at a The last step, in which a deuterium is substituted for specified position has made possible the useful bromine, is an application of Whitesides et al.'s simplification of 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance deuteration procedure.4 They carried out the (NMR) spectra of derived polymers.' reaction on some saturated halogeno-esters and Matsuzaki et a/. 2 synthesized methyl acrylate-IX-d -nitriles. by hydrolyzing acrylonitrile-IX-d 3 with D 20-D2 S04 Methyl acrylate-IX-d thus obtained was and esterifying the resulting acid with methanol. The copolymerized to give alternating styrene-IX-d­ yield however was low (14%) and the isotopic purity, methyl acrylate-IX-d and IX-methylstyrene-methyl unsatisfactory (91 %). acrylate-IX-d copolymers.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlling Growth of Poly (Triethylene Glycol Acrylate-Co-Spiropyran Acrylate) Copolymer Liquid Films on a Hydrophilic Surface by Light and Temperature
    polymers Article Controlling Growth of Poly (Triethylene Glycol Acrylate-Co-Spiropyran Acrylate) Copolymer Liquid Films on a Hydrophilic Surface by Light and Temperature Aziz Ben-Miled 1 , Afshin Nabiyan 2 , Katrin Wondraczek 3, Felix H. Schacher 2,4 and Lothar Wondraczek 1,* 1 Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany; [email protected] 2 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany; [email protected] (A.N.); [email protected] (F.H.S.) 3 Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz IPHT), D-07745 Jena, Germany; [email protected] 4 Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-3641-9-48500 Abstract: A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) was employed for in situ investigations of the effect of temperature and light on the conformational changes of a poly (triethylene glycol acrylate-co-spiropyran acrylate) (P (TEGA-co-SPA)) copolymer containing 12–14% of spiropyran at the silica–water interface. By monitoring shifts in resonance frequency and in acoustic dissipation as a function of temperature and illumination conditions, we investigated the evolution of viscoelastic properties of the P (TEGA-co-SPA)-rich wetting layer growing on the sensor, Citation: Ben-Miled, A.; Nabiyan, A.; from which we deduced the characteristic coil-to-globule transition temperature, corresponding to Wondraczek, K.; Schacher, F.H.; the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the PTEGA part.
    [Show full text]
  • Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values for Methyl Acrylate (Casrn 96-33-3)
    EPA/690/R-12/021F l Final 11-15-2012 Provisional Peer-Reviewed Toxicity Values for Methyl Acrylate (CASRN 96-33-3) Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268 AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS CHEMICAL MANAGER J. Phillip Kaiser, PhD National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH DRAFT DOCUMENT PREPARED BY ICF International 9300 Lee Highway Fairfax, VA 22031 PRIMARY INTERNAL REVIEWERS Anuradha Mudipalli, MSc, PhD National Center for Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC Q. Jay Zhao, PhD, MPH, DABT National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH This document was externally peer reviewed under contract to Eastern Research Group, Inc. 110 Hartwell Avenue Lexington, MA 02421-3136 Questions regarding the contents of this document may be directed to the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development’s National Center for Environmental Assessment, Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center (513-569-7300). i Methyl Acrylate TABLE OF CONTENTS COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................... iii BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................1 DISCLAIMERS ...............................................................................................................................1 QUESTIONS REGARDING PPRTVs ............................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Visible-Light-Mediated, Additive-Free, and Open-To-Air Controlled Radical Polymerization Cite This: Polym
    Polymer Chemistry View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Visible-light-mediated, additive-free, and open-to-air controlled radical polymerization Cite this: Polym. Chem., 2019, 10, 1585 of acrylates and acrylamides† Jessica R. Lamb, K. Peter Qin and Jeremiah A. Johnson * Oxygen tolerance in controlled radical polymerizations has been an active field of study in recent years. Herein, we report a photocontrolled, additive-free iniferter polymerization that operates in completely open vials utilizing the “polymerizing through oxygen” mechanism. Trithiocarbonates are directly activated with high intensity 450 nm light to produce narrowly dispersed (Mw/Mn = 1.1–1.6) polyacrylates and poly- acrylamides. Living behavior is demonstrated through chain extension, block copolymer synthesis, and control over molecular weight through varying the monomer : iniferter ratio. A slight increase in induction Received 7th January 2019, period is observed for the open vial polymerization compared to the air-free reaction, but polymers with Accepted 7th February 2019 similar Mn and Mw/Mn values are produced after 30–60 minutes of irradiation. This system will provide a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. DOI: 10.1039/c9py00022d convenient platform for living additive manufacturing because of its fast reaction time, air tolerance, wide rsc.li/polymers monomer scope, and lack of any additives beyond the monomer, iniferter, and DMSO solvent. Introduction generally avoided by performing the polymerizations under inert conditions; however, degassing techniques such as freeze– Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques have trans- pump–thaw cycles, sparging, or performing experiments in a formed macromolecular synthesis by enabling access to poly- glovebox can be impractical for certain applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Adhesion to Plastic
    Adhesion to Plastic Marcus Hutchins Scientist I TS&D Industrial Coatings-Radcure Cytec Smyrna, GA USA Abstract A plastic can be described as a mixture of polymer or polymers, plasticizers, fillers, pigments, and additives which under temperature and pressure can be molded into various items1. Plastic materials have become a staple of our everyday life in applications ranging from food packaging to home construction. In automotive applications alone, over four billion pounds2 of plastic were used in cars and light trucks and that figure is expected to grow 30 percent by 2011. The demand for plastic is growing at a rate faster than metal because of advantages such as reduced weight, reduced material cost, corrosion resistance and increased durability over metal. As the demand for plastic increases, the need to effectively and efficiently coat plastic parts will also increase. For most plastics, that will mean starting with a good primer coating. This paper will present three new ultraviolet (UV) curable resins that may be used to formulate primers for a variety of plastic substrates. ©RadTech e|5 2006 Technical Proceedings Introduction Once a plastic part is formed, a coating is usually applied for decorative or protective purposes. Typically, that starts with a primer coating. There are many factors that positively affect the adhesion of the primer to the substrate, and several will be discussed here. One of the more important properties in achieving adhesion is the ability of the coating to wet the substrate3. In order for wetting to occur, the surface tension of the coating must be less than the surface energy of the substrate.
    [Show full text]