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Working Party No. 3 on Co-Operation and Enforcement Roundtable on Designing and Testing Effective Consumer-Facing Remedies
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development DAF/COMP/WP3/WD(2018)29 Unclassified English - Or. English 23 May 2018 DIRECTORATE FOR FINANCIAL AND ENTERPRISE AFFAIRS COMPETITION COMMITTEE Working Party No. 3 on Co-operation and Enforcement Roundtable on designing and testing effective consumer-facing remedies - Note by Croatia 5 June 2018 This document reproduces a written contribution from Croatia submitted for Item 4 at the 127th Meeting of the Working Party No 3 on Co-operation and Enforcement on 5 June 2018. More documentation related to this discussion can be found at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/consumer-facing-remedies.htm Please contact Ms. Despina Pachnou if you have any questions regarding this document [phone number: +33 1 45 24 95 25 -- E-mail address: [email protected]]. JT03432284 This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. 2 │ DAF/COMP/WP3/WD(2018)29 Croatia 1. In this contribution, Croatian Competition Agency wishes to present its cases which are examples of remedies designed to eliminate possible negative effects of concentrations, in three cases, and of an abuse of dominant position in one case. 2. The three concentrations involve Agrokor, a conglomerate integration which consists of some of the most significant undertakings on the territory of the Republic of Croatia, with regard to their offer of products and their presence on domestic market. Majority of those undertakings have a long tradition and represent very well recognized and leading brands on the market. -
Freedom House, Its Academic Advisers, and the Author(S) of This Report
Croatia by Tena Prelec Capital: Zagreb Population: 4.17 million GNI/capita, PPP: $22,880 Source: World Bank World Development Indicators. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores NIT Edition 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 National Democratic 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.75 Governance Electoral Process 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3 3 3 Civil Society 2.75 2.75 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 Independent Media 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.25 4.25 Local Democratic 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 Governance Judicial Framework 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 and Independence Corruption 4.5 4.5 4.25 4 4 4 4 4.25 4.25 4.25 Democracy Score 3.71 3.71 3,64 3.61 3.61 3.68 3.68 3.68 3.71 3.75 NOTE: The ratings reflect the consensus of Freedom House, its academic advisers, and the author(s) of this report. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the author(s). The ratings are based on a scale of 1 to 7, with 1 representing the highest level of democratic progress and 7 the lowest. The Democracy Score is an average of ratings for the categories tracked in a given year. -
Western Balkans Copyright © 2006 the World Bank Group/MIGA 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433
Benchmarking FDI Opportunities Former Spanish Sahara Investment Horizons: Western Balkans Copyright © 2006 The World Bank Group/MIGA 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America May 2006 Available online at www.ipanet.net/investmenthorizons_wbalkans For more information, contact: MIGA Operations 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 t. 202.458.9309 f. 202.522.2650 European Investor Outreach Program (EIOP) Strauchgasse 3 A-1014 Vienna, Austria t. +43 (1) 535 53 82-2115 f. +43 (1) 535 53 82-5115 [email protected] The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to MIGA Operations at the above mentioned address. Investment Horizons: Western Balkans, a study of foreign direct investment costs and conditions for two industrial sectors in five countries, was conducted by the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) of the World Bank Group. The study was designed in conjunction with the ongoing European Investor Outreach Program (EIOP), a MIGA initiative focused on the Western Balkans and funded through a grant from the Austrian Government. MIGA was established in 1988 to promote the flow of private foreign direct investment to developing member countries. MIGA offers political risk insurance coverage to eligible investors for qualified investments in developing member countries. MIGA also offers technical assistance programs to develop and implement effective strategies for attracting and retaining foreign direct investment. This hands-on technical assistance focuses on three primary areas: dissemination of information on investment opportunities and business operating conditions in developing member countries through online services; capacity building of the organizations and institutions involved in the promotion of foreign investment; and investment facilitation activities supporting the efforts of developing countries to identify and attract investment. -
The Influence of External Actors in the Western Balkans
The influence of external actors in the Western Balkans A map of geopolitical players www.kas.de Impressum Contact: Florian C. Feyerabend Desk Officer for Southeast Europe/Western Balkans European and International Cooperation Europe/North America team Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Phone: +49 30 26996-3539 E-mail: [email protected] Published by: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e. V. 2018, Sankt Augustin/Berlin Maps: kartoxjm, fotolia Design: yellow too, Pasiek Horntrich GbR Typesetting: Janine Höhle, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Diese Publikation ist/DThe text of this publication is published under a Creative Commons license: “Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 international” (CC BY-SA 4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/4.0/legalcode. ISBN 978-3-95721-471-3 Contents Introduction: The role of external actors in the Western Balkans 4 Albania 9 Bosnia and Herzegovina 14 Kosovo 17 Croatia 21 Macedonia 25 Romania 29 Serbia and Montenegro 32 The geopolitical context 39 3 Introduction: The role of external actors in the Western Balkans by Dr Lars Hänsel and Florian C. Feyerabend Dear readers, A spectre haunts the Western Balkans – the spec- consists of reports from our representatives in the tre of geopolitics. Once again, the region is at risk various countries involved. Along with the non-EU of becoming a geostrategic chessboard for exter- countries in the Western Balkans, this study also nal actors. Warnings are increasingly being voiced considers the situation in Croatia and Romania. in Brussels and other Western capitals, as well as in the region itself. Russia, China, Turkey and the One thing is clear: the integration of the Western Gulf States are ramping up their political, eco- Balkans into Euro-Atlantic and European struc- nomic and cultural influence in this enclave within tures is already well advanced, with close ties and the European Union – with a variety of resources, interdependencies. -
Russia's Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern?
Russia’s Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern? By David Clark and Dr Andrew Foxall June 2014 Published in June 2014 by The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society 8th Floor, Parker Tower 43-49 Parker Street London WC2B 5PS Registered charity no. 1140489 Tel: +44 (0)20 7340 4520 www.henryjacksonsociety.org © The Henry Jackson Society 2014 The Henry Jackson Society All rights reserved The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily indicative of those of The Henry Jackson Society or its Trustees Russia’s Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern? By David Clark and Dr Andrew Foxall All rights reserved Front Cover Image: Welding first joint of Serbian section of South Stream gas pipeline © www.gazprom.com Russia’s Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern? AUTHOR | AUTHOR By David Clark and Dr Andrew Foxall June 2014 Russia’s Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern? About the Authors David Clark is Chair of the Russia Foundation and served as Special Adviser at the Foreign Office 1997-2001. Dr Andrew Foxall is Director of the Russia Studies Centre at The Henry Jackson Society. He holds a DPhil from the University of Oxford. i Russia’s Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern? The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society is a cross-partisan think-tank based in London. The Henry Jackson Society is a think tank and policy-shaping force that fights for the principles and alliances which keep societies free – working across borders and party lines to combat extremism, advance democracy and real human rights, and make a stand in an increasingly uncertain world. -
1 Russian Economic Footprint and State Capture Risks in Serbia Statement by Nemanja Todorović Štiplija (Editor in Chief, Euro
Russian Economic Footprint and State Capture Risks in Serbia Statement by Nemanja Todorović Štiplija (Editor in Chief, European Western Balkans).1 January 30, 2018 Dear Mr. Hand, Dear Guests, Thank you for the opportunity to appear before the Commission today. Allow me to thank also the Center for International Private Enterprise and the National Endowment for Democracy for their support and the opportunity to present our views here in Washington. We very much appreciate the interest of the Helsinki Commission in issues that are of great importance for the stability and future prosperity of the Balkans. • Serbia is one of the key countries where Russian influence is most obvious. Since 2008, it has been based on two pillars. First is the issue of Kosovo (Russia is perceived as the main supporter of Serbia in the international arena). Second is the Russian engagement in Serbia’s energy sector, which dates back to the South Stream construction deal and the (below price) purchase of the oil industry of Serbia (NIS). • Furthermore, following particularly the global economic downturn and 2014 Ukraine crisis, the Russian influence has spilled over to the other key economic sectors, such as the financial sector and infrastructure (railways). The economic engagement, high-level political visits, and strengthened cultural and religious ties mutually reinforce each other. • While most research has focused on the outright political influence, it often disregards the sophisticated networks in nations economies that exploit and exacerbate the democratic deficits in Serbia and throughout the Western Balkans. • Despite the fact that the South Stream was discarded, Russia still dominates Serbia’s oil and gas sector. -
Croatia-Country-Partnership-Framework-For-The-Period-Of-FY19-FY24.Pdf
COUNTRY Public Disclosure Authorized PARTNERSHIP FRAMEWORK FOR THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA FOR THE PERIOD FY19-FY24 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank Office, Croatia Radnička cesta 80/IX 10000 Zagreb Telephone: +385 1 2357 222; Internet: www.worldbank.org/croatia This report is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group with external contributions. The findings, in- terpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank Group, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work, which is drawn from multiple external sources. The boundaries, colors, denominations and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of the World Bank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute, or be considered to be, a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank Group, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of this knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Pub- lications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. -
Investor Presentation
Investor Presentation April 2015 Disclaimer IMPORTANT NOTICE You must read the following before continuing. For the purposes of this notice, the term “Presentation” shall include the slides that follow, the oral presentation of the slides by Agrokor d.d. (the “Company”) or any person on behalf of the Company, any question-and-answer session that follows the oral presentation, hard copies of this document and any materials distributed at, or in connection with the presentation. This Presentation has been provided for information purposes only and should not be relied upon by the recipients and no liability, responsibility or warranty of any kind is expressed, assumed or implied by the Group for the accuracy, inaccuracy, interpretation, misinterpretation, application, misapplication, use or misuse of any statement, claim, purported fact or financial amount, prediction or expectation (together referred to as “Information”). The Information contained in this Presentation should be considered in the context of the circumstances prevailing at the time and will not be updated to reflect material developments that may occur after the date of the Presentation. The information and opinions in this Presentation are provided as at the date of this Presentation and are subject to change without notice. None of the Agrokor Group or any of its respective affiliates, advisors or representatives shall have any liability whatsoever (in negligence or otherwise) for any loss howsoever arising from any use of this Presentation or their contents or otherwise arising in connection with the Presentation, or any action taken by you or any of your officers, employees, agents or associates on the basis of the Information. -
Where Are the Balkans Heading Pdf 0.46 MB
Valdai Discussion Club Report Where Are The Balkans Heading? A New Cooperation Paradigm for Russia Ekaterina Entina, Alexander Pivovarenko, Dejan Novaković valdaiclub.com #valdaiclub September 2018 This publication and other Valdai reports are available on http://valdaiclub.com/a/reports/ The views and opinions expressed in this Reports are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the Valdai Discussion Club, unless explicitly stated otherwise. ISBN 978-5-906757-79-1 © The Foundation for Development and Support of the Valdai Discussion Club, 2018 42 Bolshaya Tatarskaya st., Moscow, 115184, Russia About the Authors Ekaterina Entina Associate Professor at the Higher School of Economics, Senior Researcher at the Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences Alexander Pivovarenko Researcher at the Department of Contemporary History of Central and South-Eastern Europe, RAS Institute of Slavonic Studies Dejan Novaković Co-president and Director of the Adriatic Council Contents 4 The Intraregional Context 7 The International Context The United States and the European Union China Turkey and Arab Countries Russia 20 Conclusions and Recommendations The Political Sphere The External Economic Factor The Cultural Sphere The modern Balkans, while still fi rmly rooted in the periphery and the past in many ways, are a very dynamic region. Over the last 28 years, the number of states in the region has doubled. In 1991, there were fi ve states in the Balkans: Yugoslavia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania and Albania. Today, there are between 7 and 11 countries based on varying estimates. The value of the Balkan Peninsula on the European scale has changed insofar as it is no longer a region entirely consumed by its own problems. -
October 2017 FKHR1 Monthly Fund Update
October 2017 FKHR1 Monthly Fund Update Market Commentary While world stock exchanges reached record highs, primarily US Grupa and opened a bankruptcy procedure. After the ZSE decided stock market indexes, which are at the highest levels, the Croatian to remove the stock from its listings on 26th of October, the stock stock exchange index, CROBEX grew by 3.7% and is far from a soared by 68.43%. The stock ended the month trading at the all- significant recovery. US economy grew by 3% in the Q3 while time low since its listing. There is yet to see what is going to Amazon, Microsoft and Alphabet smashed forecasts and sent happen with this civil engineering firm, but the company NASDAQ to new record high. At the same time, the Fed did not announced in its annual report that their revenues fell by 82.3% raise its benchmark interest rate from its current 1% to 1.25% since last year. Also, the company said in a statement that they target, but indicated that one more hike is likely this year. Officials will sue Croatian government and that they will start the arbitrage also projected one rate hike less than initially forecasted between process because of the bridge Čiovo in Croatia. The government now and 2019. The World Bank held its assessment of the growth decided to break the contract with Viadukt d.d. for unknown of the Croatian economy this year at 2.9% and also said that risks reasons and employed an Austrian contractor. to the economy are moderate. The additional risks are posed by a still high level of indebtedness of the private sector, the Agrokor Hrvatski Telekom d.d. -
Agrokor, D.D. Mr. Ivica Todorić, President of the Management Board Trg Dražena Petroviča 3 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia
Agrokor, d.d. Mr. Ivica Todorić, President of the Management Board Trg Dražena Petroviča 3 10000 Zagreb Republic of Croatia [by e-mail: [email protected]] [by express mail] Subject: Acquisition of fast-moving consumer goods retail operations of the Agrokor Group Dear Mr. Todorić, President of the Management Board, We have learned from the media about Agrokor's views with regard to business combination of trade operations of the Agrokor Group and the Mercator Group, and about your estimates of the implications of such combination. We are somewhat surprised that you had not, in the spirit of fair and honest business relations, informed us of your intent to publicly announce your views in this regard, particularly in light of the close business relations we have maintained throughout the years as traditional business partners. Needless to say, we understand your efforts for strategic restructuring of the Agrokor Group as we are familiar with the conditions of the business environment, financial markets, and competition in the region, as well as strategic, operational, and financial position of the Agrokor Group. In Europe, there are nearly no trade companies maintaining a substantial vertical integration with their own manufacturing subsidiaries and as such they have not proven conducive to long-term competitiveness and development capacity of a supply chain, nor to the creation of benefits for the consumers, and consequently for the company, its employees, and all other stakeholders. In activities where the economies of scale are essential and international competition increasingly stringent, only the focus on the core activity by reaping development and business synergies within the core activity can be the source of long-term competitiveness of a company, for the benefit of the customers and therefore the ability to persist and thrive in the harshly competitive business environment. -
Lex Agrokor: State Support for Companies of Systemic Importance
INTERNATIONAL Lex Agrokor: State support for companies of systemic importance The Croatian parliament passed the ‘Act on Special Administrative Procedure for Companies of Systemic Importance for the Republic of Croatia’ on 6 April 2017. This controversial law is also known as ‘Lex Agrokor’, and is intended to permit an administrator appointed by the government to prevent the largest agricultural and food corporation in South-Eastern Europe from financial collapse. he new law came into force on 7 The purchase of Slovenia’s Mercator Group accordingly, and a huge liquidity crisis April and provides for ‘the extra- in 2013 was intended to create the largest took hold. As a consequence of increasing ordinary management of Croatian company in the sector across the entirety of doubt as to Agrokor’s financial solvency, companies of systemic relevan- South-Eastern Europe, while simultaneous- local suppliers (who had been paid in pro- ce’. Such companies are defined ly strengthening economic collaboration in missory notes for some time) ceased deli- Tas having more than 5,000 employees and former Yugoslavia. However, the takeover of veries in spring 2017. Faced with almost liabilities of a minimum of 1 billion euros. the Slovenian supermarket chain led to a dra- six billion euros of debt, financial collapse This piece of legislation was triggered by matic increase in debt, and several attempts appeared near-inevitable: the most recent the need for a legal framework within which to float the Agrokor Group on the stock ex- results showed that the company’s liabili- to save the Agrokor Group, which has been change failed over the next few years.