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Sustainable Horsenettle Options 31 ERADICATION/ Solanum carolinense Pest Plant Control EXCLUSION PESTS EXCLUSION Control of horsenettle is funded, and carried out, by Bay of Plenty Regional Council. We would like members of the public to let us know of any possible sightings of this plant. Description How does it spread? A perennial herbaceous plant up to By spreading underground roots 1m tall. (rhizomes) producing new plants. Dies back in winter. By fragments of root moved by agricultural machinery. Leaves: Dark green, up to 100mm long, lobed, with spines along upper and underside of leaves. Stems: Very spiny. Why is it a problem? Flowers: Mauve with yellow centre. • Can eventually dominate pasture and arable land. Fruit: Large dark green egg shaped berries with lighter stripes. • Very difficult to control because Turn yellow when ripe. of its deep root system. Roots: Very deep spreading • Toxic to stock. Horsenettle plant rhizomes. How do I get rid of it? Origin Status as a pest plant in Please don’t try, it is very difficult! If you think you have found this Southern United States. the Bay of Plenty plant, please let us know. Probably arrived in NZ as Horsenettle is an Exclusion and Staff will always follow up possible contaminant of maize seeds. Eradication Pest Plant in the Bay of Plenty Regional Pest Management finds of this plant and if confirmed Plan. we will work with you to control it. It is an offence under the Call us on 0800 STOP PESTS Where is it found? Biosecurity Act to propagate, (0800 780 773) In pasture and arable land, sell, distribute, release or spread Or email us at info@boprc.govt.nz especially in maize paddocks. horsenettle in the Bay of Plenty. Currently (2013) horsenettle is Control of horsenettle is funded, known at only two sites in the and carried out, by Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty: at Te Puna and at Regional Council. Waihau Bay. It is being actively Machinery or equipment must controlled at all known sites. be cleaned prior to leaving a site contaminated with horsenettle. Bay of Plenty Regional Council Pollution Hotline: 0800 884 883 5 Quay Street, Whakatāne Phone: 0800 884 880 Email: info@boprc.govt.nz 1125 Arawa Street, Rotorua Fax: 0800 884 882 Website: www.boprc.govt.nz Rata Street, Mount Maunganui 31 Pest Plant Control Horsenettle ERADICATION/EXCLUSION PEST Horsenettle flower. Also note the spines on Young horsenettle fruit. These will turn yellow when ripe the stem. Horsenettle leaf. Note spines on midrib. There Horsenettle can spread by means of its roots to cover a large area. are also spines on the underside of the leaves. 5 Quay Street, Whakatāne 1125 Arawa Street, Rotorua Rata Street, Mount Maunganui Post: PO Box 364, Whakatāne 3158 Phone: 0800 884 880 Fax: 0800 884 882 Pollution Hotline: 0800 884 883 Email: info@boprc.govt.nz Website: www.boprc.govt.nz www.facebook.com/boprc Horsenettle. GDS14 PP31 Horsenettle spreading rhizomatous roots. www.twitter.com/boprc www.youtube.com/bopregionalcouncil Sustainable Options.

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Occurrence of Horse Nettle (Solanum Carolinense L.) in North Rhine
25th German Conference on Weed Biology and Weed Control, March 13-15, 2012, Braunschweig, Germany Occurrence of horse nettle (Solanum carolinense L.) in North Rhine-Westphalia Auftreten der Carolinschen Pferdenessel (Solanum carolinense L.) in Nordrhein-Westfalen Günter Klingenhagen1*, Martin Wirth2, Bernd Wiesmann2 & Hermann Ahaus2 1Chamber of Agriculture, North Rhine-Westphalia, Plant Protection Service, Nevinghoff 40, 48147 Münster, Germany 2Chamber of Agriculture, North Rhine-Westphalia, district station Coesfeld, Borkener Straße 25, 48653 Coesfeld, Germany *Corresponding author, guenter.klingenhagen@lwk.nrw.de DOI: 10.5073/jka.2012.434.077 Summary In autumn 2008 during corn harvest (Zea mays L.), the driver of the combine harvester spotted an unfamiliar plant species in the field. It turned out that Solanum carolinense L. was the unknown weed species. The species had overgrown 40 % of the corn field which had a size of 10.2 ha. The farmer who usually effectively controls all weeds on his field had so far not noticed the dominance of the solanaceous herb species. From his point of view, the weed must have germinated after the corn had covered the crop rows. On the affected field, corn is grown in monoculture since 1973. When the horse nettle was first spotted in October 2008, the plants had reached a height of about 120 cm, rhizomes had grown 80 cm deep and a horizontal root growth of 150 cm could be determined. In the following season (2008/2009), winter wheat was grown instead of corn on the respective field. This was followed by two years of winter rye (2009/2010 and 2010/2011).
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Alien Plant Species in the Agricultural Habitats of Ukraine: Diversity and Risk Assessment
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Host Plant Defense Produces Species-Specific Alterations to Flight Muscle Protein Structure and Flight-Related Fitness Traits of Two Armyworms Scott L
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Reference Plant List
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And False Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Juncta (Germar) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)1 Richard L
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Aspects of Host-Plant Relationship of the Colorado Beetle
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CFIA ID of Nightshade Species 2018
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Weed of Interest: Horsenettle (Solanum Carolinense)
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