Cultural History in Spain History of Culture and Cultural History: Same Paths and Outcomes?*

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cultural History in Spain History of Culture and Cultural History: Same Paths and Outcomes?* Cultural History in Spain History of Culture and Cultural History: same paths and outcomes?* CAROLINA RODRÍGUEZ-LÓPEZ An overview &XOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVFXUUHQWO\DERRPLQJWRSLFLQ6SDLQ&XOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVQRZ ÁRXULVKLQJ DQG FHUWDLQ DUHDV KDYH GLVWLQJXLVKHG WKHPVHOYHV DV DXWRQRPRXV ÀHOGVRIVWXG\WKHKLVWRU\RIFXOWXUDOSROLWLFVUHDGLQJDQGSULQWLQJDQGPHGLFDO FXOWXUDOSUDFWLFHVIRUH[DPSOH+RZHYHUZKDWLVGHÀQHGDVcultural history in FXUUHQW6SDQLVKKLVWRULRJUDSK\LVQRWDQHDV\LVVXH/LNHWKHUHVWRI(XURSHDQ HYHQ$PHULFDQ KLVWRULRJUDSKLHV6SDQLVKKLVWRULRJUDSK\KDVJRQHWKURXJKDQ H[WHQVLYHDQGLQWHUHVWLQJSURFHVVVKLIWLQJIURPVRFLDOWRFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\7KH SURFHVV KDV QRW EHHQ H[HPSW IURP SUREOHPV DQG PLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJV DQG KDV GHWHUPLQHGQRWRQO\WKHZD\VLQZKLFKFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\KDVWUDGLWLRQDOO\ÁRZHG EXWDOVRWKHNLQGVRIUHVHDUFKDQGVFLHQWLÀFZRUNVWKDWKDYHEHHQODEHOHGZLWK the cultural history title. 7KLVFKDSWHURIIHUVDEULHIRYHUYLHZRIZKDW,KDYHMXVWPHQWLRQHGDERYH ,QRUGHUWRGRVRLWLVGLYLGHGLQWRWKUHHVHFWLRQV7KHÀUVWRQHGHDOVZLWKWKH KLVWRULFDODQGKLVWRULRJUDSKLFDOFRQWH[WVZKHQWKHÀUVWUHVHDUFKDQGGHEDWHVLQ 6SDLQIRFXVHGRQFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\,QWKHVHFRQGVHFWLRQ,LQWURGXFHWKHUHVHDUFK JURXSVLQVWLWXWLRQVDFDGHPLFSURJUDPVDQGSXEOLVKLQJKRXVHSURMHFWVWKDWKDYH HQFRXUDJHG DQG DUH FXUUHQWO\ RUJDQL]LQJ 6SDQLVK FXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ NQRZOHGJH DQGSURGXFWLRQ$QGODVWEXWQRWOHDVW,SUHVHQWDÀUVWDQGWHQWDWLYHOLVWRIH[DFW- ,DPJUDWHIXOWR(OHQD+HUQiQGH]6DQGRLFDIRUGHWDLOHGVXJJHVWLRQVDQGWR3DWULFLD %HUDVDOXFHDQG(OLVDEHWK.OHLQIRUDFFXUDWHUHDGLQJRIWKLVFKDSWHUάVÀUVWYHUVLRQ 211 Carolina Rodríguez-López O\ZKDW6SDQLVKKLVWRULDQVKDYHZULWWHQRQWKHÀHOGRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\,QRWKHU ZRUGV,RIIHUDÀUVWDQGQRQH[KDXVWLYHSRUWUDLWRI6SDQLVKFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\SUR- GXFWLRQWKHPRVWVLJQLÀFDQWWLWOHVDQGWKHVXEÀHOGVRI6SDQLVKFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ Historical and historiographical context: When and how? When did new cultural history appear in Spain? %HIRUHWKH6SDQLVK&LYLO:DUWKHUHZDVDEXGGLQJDQGLQWHUHVWLQJGHEDWHRQ WKH KLVWRU\ RI LGHDV DQG WKRXJKWV DERXW WKH NLQG RI KLVWRULRJUDSK\ KLVWRULDQV FRXOGZULWH7KHHQWLUHGHEDWHZDVEDVHGRQRQHLGHDFRXOGKLVWRULDQVUHDFK DQHZHUDQGPRUHPRGHUQKLVWRULRJUDSK\E\LQFOXGLQJVSHFLÀFLVVXHVVXFKDV FXOWXUDOWUHQGVDQGPRYHPHQWV":RXOGWKH\EHDEOHWRH[SORUHLQVRPH6SDQLVK KLVWRULFDOSURFHVVHVSDWKVUHFHQWO\RSHQHGE\WKH)UHQFKAnnales6FKRRO":DV LWSRVVLEOHWRFRQFHQWUDWHRQVSHFLÀFWUDLWVRISpanish civilizationE\VWXG\LQJ FXOWXUDOH[SUHVVLRQVDQGH[SHULHQFHV"0RUHLPSRUWDQWO\ZRXOGWKHVHQHZNLQG RIVWXGLHVFRQWULEXWHDZKROHPRGHUQL]DWLRQSURFHVVZKLFKZDVFODLPHGIRUD ORQJWLPHE\6SDQLVKVRFLHW\"1 7KLVGHEDWHZDVDEUXSWO\LQWHUUXSWHGE\WKH6SDQLVK&LYLO:DUDQGLWVDIWHU- PDWK([LOHDQGWKHLGHRORJLFDOEDUUHQQHVVRIWKHSRVWZDUSHULRGRSHQHGSROLWL- FDOLGHRORJLFDODQGLQWHOOHFWXDOGRRUVWRQHR&DWKROLFDQGIDVFLVWIRUPVRIKLV- WRULRJUDSK\+RZHYHU)UDQFR·VUHJLPHXQZLWWLQJO\OHIWVRPHJDSVZKLFKZHUH XVHGE\KLVWRULDQVIRUWKHLURZQLQWHOOHFWXDOSURGXFWLRQ7KXVVLQFHWKHV 6SDQLVKKLVWRULDQVUHFHLYHGYDULHGDQGIUXLWIXOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWZKDW)UHQFK KLVWRULDQVZHUHGRLQJZLWKLQWKHIUDPHZRUNRIAnnales,GXHPDLQO\WRTXLWH VLJQLÀFDQWKLVWRULDQVRIWKHHDUO\PRGHUQSHULRGVXFKDV3LHUUH9LODU%ULWLVK ERRNVDQGRWKHUVUHODWHGWRWKHVWXG\RI)UHQFKcivilizationZHUHXVHGE\6SDQ- LVKKLVWRULDQVVHDUFKLQJIRUQHZKLVWRULFDODSSURDFKHVZKLFKDOORZHGWKHPWR GHSDUWIURPWKHWUDGLWLRQDOSROLWLFDOSHUVSHFWLYH-RVp00DUDYDOODQG-RVp0 -RYHUZHUHXQGRXEWHGO\WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWKLVWRULDQVRIWKDWWLPH $ QHZ SDQRUDPD VWDUWHG WR DSSHDU GXULQJ WKH V DQG V2 British VRFLDOKLVWRU\LQVSLUHGE\0DU[LVWSULQFLSOHVRIIHUHGDQHZWUDQVQDWLRQDOGL- UHFWLRQIRU6SDQLVKKLVWRULRJUDSK\PDLQO\IRFXVHGRQPRGHUQWLPHV,Q 6SDQLVKKLVWRULDQVFRXOGUHDGIRUWKHÀUVWWLPHD6SDQLVKWUDQVODWLRQRI5XGp·V ERRNThe Crowd in History: A Study of Popular Disturbances in France and England, 1730-1848. ,QWKH\FRXOGUHDGWKHÀUVW6SDQLVKWUDQVODWLRQVRI( 1 ALTAMIRA,ID.ID.; 2 JOVER,HERNÁNDEZ SANDOICA, 212 Cultural History in Spain 37KRPSVRQ·VUHVHDUFKDQGLQWKHFRDXWKRUHG5XGp +REVEDZPERRN Captain Swing: A Social History of the Great English Agricultural Uprising of 1830DSSHDUHGLQLWV6SDQLVKYHUVLRQIRUWKHÀUVWWLPH :KDWZDVKDSSHQLQJLQ6SDQLVKKLVWRULRJUDSK\DQGLQWKHUHVWRI6SDQLVK SROLWLFDODQGFXOWXUDOOLIHGXULQJWKHVDQGVLVTXLWHVLJQLÀFDQWLQXQ- GHUVWDQGLQJWKHSURFHVVSUHYLRXVO\PHQWLRQHG7KHHQGRI)UDQFR·VGLFWDWRUVKLS WKHEHJLQQLQJRIDQLQWHQVHDQGIUXLWIXOFXOWXUDOPRYHPHQWLQWKHVXEVHTXHQW WUDQVLWLRQSHULRG³GHÀQLQJWKHIUDPHZRUNIRUGHPRFUDWLFSUDFWLFH³DQGWKHDU- ULYDORIQHZDQGGLIIHUHQWKLVWRULRJUDSKLFDODSSURDFKHVGHHSO\FRQWULEXWHGWR WKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWZRFRQVHFXWLYHDQGSDUDOOHOSURFHVVHV2QWKHRQHKDQG HQFRXUDJHGE\UHVLVWDQFHWRWKH6SDQLVKGLFWDWRUVKLS6SDQLVKKLVWRULDQV³PDLQ- O\WKH\RXQJHVWDQGWKRVHZKRWUDYHOHGDEURDGDQGUHDGIRUHLJQODQJXDJHV³ HPEDUNHGRQQHZUHVHDUFKIRFXVHGRQWKH6SDQLVKZRUNHUV·PRYHPHQWWUDGH XQLRQVDQGRWKHUVLPLODUPRYHPHQWVGXULQJWKH6SDQLVK&LYLO:DU6SHFLÀFDOO\ WKHUHZDVWKHIHUWLOHZRUNRIDYDULHGJURXSRIIRUHLJQUHVHDUFKHUVVSHFLDOL]HG LQ6SDQLVKKLVWRU\DQGFXOWXUH WKHHispanists RIWHQFRPLQJIURP)UDQFH(QJ- ODQG*HUPDQ\DQGWKH863 2QWKHRWKHUKDQGE\IRFXVLQJWKHLUUHVHDUFKRQZRUNHUVDQGWUDGHXQLRQV 6SDQLVKKLVWRULDQVdiscoveredDQHZSDWKWREULQJRWKHUNLQGVRIFXOWXUHWROLJKW 7KHVHGHDOWZLWKFXOWXUHSUDFWLFHGPDGHDQGOLYHG H[SHULHQFHG E\VXEDOWHUQ JURXSVDQGLQGLYLGXDOV,QRWKHUZRUGVE\SD\LQJDWWHQWLRQWRDQGGLVFRYHULQJ WKHIRUPVRISRSXODUVXEDOWHUQDQGZRUNHUV·FXOWXUHWKH\GHOYHGLQWRWKHLUUH- VHDUFKWRSLFVLQGHSWKDQGDWWKHVDPHWLPHFRPSDUHGDQGFRQIURQWHGSRSXODU DQGHOLWHFXOWXUHV ,WZDVJHQHUDOO\DVVXPHGWKDWIRUPHUZD\VRIUHVHDUFKLQWKHÀHOGRIFXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ RUUDWKHUhistory of culture RXWOLQHGWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHVRFDOOHG high culture7KHLGHRORJLFDOSHUVSHFWLYHVIURPZKLFKWKHVHQHZDSSURDFKHV WRFXOWXUHZHUHREVHUYHG³VRPHWLPHVWDFLWO\VRPHWLPHVH[SOLFLWO\³OHGWRWKH IRUPHUSURGXFWLRQDERXWWKHWRSLFEHLQJGHÀQHGDVFRQVHUYDWLYHDQGHOLWLVW5H- VHDUFKZKLFKRQO\SRLQWHGRXWWUHQGVLQDUWPXVLFOLWHUDWXUHOHDYLQJDVLGHSRS- XODUDQGVXEDOWHUQFXOWXUHH[SUHVVLRQVJUDGXDOO\UDQWKHULVNRIEHLQJFRQVLGHUHG ERWKDQROGDQGDQLQFRPSOHWHKLVWRU\RIFXOWXUH4 3 9LODU - ) %RWUHO 6 6DOlXQ & 6HUUDQR - / *XHUHxD DPRQJ WKH )UHQFK 07XxyQGH/DUD³D6SDQLVKKLVWRULDQOLYLQJLQ)UDQFHDVDQH[LOHDQGUHWXUQLQJ WR6SDLQDIWHU)UDQFR·VGHDWK³33UHVWRQ-/\QFK-(OOLRWWDPRQJWKH%ULWLVK :%HUQHFNHUDPRQJWKH*HUPDQVRU63D\QHDQG6(OOZRRGDPRQJWKH$PHULFDQV 4 URÍADID.EID.DID.E 213 Carolina Rodríguez-López :HFDQVXPXSWKHWZRPDLQSDWKVDORQJZKLFKWKHÀUVW6SDQLVKFXOWXUDO KLVWRU\ÁRZHGRQWKHRQHKDQGLWFRQQHFWHGZLWKVRFLDOKLVWRU\VRFLRORJ\³ DQWKURSRORJ\DUULYHGODWHULQWKLVSURFHVV³DQGIRFXVHGRQFRPPRQWUHQG\DQG Marxist concepts like association movements, workers’ movementsDQGHYHQ everyday life.57KLVVRUWRIFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\LVVWURQJO\UHODWHGWRZRPHQ·VKLVWR- U\62QWKHRWKHUKDQGLWZDVLQWHOOHFWXDOKLVWRU\DQGWKHKLVWRU\RILGHDVZKLFK ZDVSUDFWLFHGZLWKRXWDQ\FRQWDFWVRFLDOKLVWRU\7KHVHWZRGLIIHUHQW³XVXDOO\ FRQWUDVWLQJ³DSSURDFKHVWR6SDQLVKFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\FKDUDFWHUL]HGQRWRQO\WKH VFLHQWLÀ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ÀHOGRIVRFLDOKLVWRU\ZHUHFRQVLGHUHGDSSURSULDWH WRDFKLHYHJRRGDQGQHZVWXGLHVGHDOLQJZLWKFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\7KHUHVWRIWKH ZRUNVFRQFHUQLQJLQWHOOHFWXDOKLVWRU\DQGWKHKLVWRU\RILGHDVUHPDLQHGDVFODV- VLFKLVWRU\SURGXFWLRQV7 :KDWGLG6SDQLVKKLVWRULDQVXQGHUVWDQGDVculture":KDWNLQGVRIFXOWXUDO H[SUHVVLRQVGLGWKH\FRQVLGHUZRUWKVWXG\LQJ",IZHUHDOO\ZDQWWRXQGHUVWDQG what culturePHDQWWR6SDQLVKKLVWRULDQVLQWKHVZHQHHGWRLGHQWLI\WKH WUHQGVWKDWLQÁXHQFHGWKHP)UHQFKKLVWRULRJUDSK\KDVWUDGLWLRQDOO\KDGDQLQÁX- HQFHRQ6SDQLVKKLVWRULDQV)URPWKHVWRWKHVZHFDQHDVLO\LGHQWLI\ the impact of the Annales)UHQFKKLVWRULRJUDSK\VFKRRO ,QÁXHQFHGE\WKH0DU[LVW%ULWLVKWKRXJKWVDQGWKHLPSDFWVIURPWKHQHZ WUHQGIRFXVHGRQWKHSUR[LPLW\RIKLVWRU\WRWKHUHVWRIVRFLDOVFLHQFHV6SDQLVK KLVWRULDQVZHUHLQWHUHVWHGLQeveryday lifePDLQO\RIZRUNHUVXVXDOO\WKHPDLQ HPSKDVLVRIWKHLUUHVHDUFK%\FRQVLGHULQJLQWHOOHFWXDOKLVWRU\DQGWKHKLVWRU\ RILGHDVDVWKHVWXG\RIH[FHSWLRQDODQGH[FOXVLYHFXOWXUHHYHU\GD\OLIHVWXGLHV HPHUJHGDVDSHUIHFWPHGLXPWRNQRZWKHPRVWUHSUHVHQWDWLYHDVSHFWVRIFXOWXUDO KXPDQOLIH6RFXOWXUHDGRSWHGDYDULHW\RIPHDQLQJV³DWWLWXGHVVKDUHGYDOXHV V\PEROVDQGFXOWXUDOH[SUHVVLRQV³ZKLFKFRPELQHWRIRUPDZD\RIOLIH 5 CASTELLSID.ID.ID.ID.DID. 6 CID, 2006. 7 HERÁNDEZ SANDOICA,S 214 Cultural History in Spain ,WLVHDV\WRVHHWKDWWKHVHFKDQJHVDQGVWUDWHJLFSHUVSHFWLYHVZHUHQRWVLPSOH HVSHFLDOO\VLQFHWKHWZRVLGHVLQFRQÁLFWKLJK LQWHOOHFWXDO DQGSRSXODUFXOWXUH EHFDPHTXLWHFORVHO\LGHQWLÀHGE\WKHHFOHFWLFKLVWRULDQV+LVWRU\FRQVWLWXWHGDW WKLVSRLQWDFRPSUHKHQVLYHH[HUFLVHZKHUHHOHPHQWVFRPLQJIURPLQWHOOHFWXDO KLVWRU\DQWKURSRORJ\SHUVSHFWLYHVDQGIURPWKHKLVWRU\RILGHDVDQGWKRXJKW ZHQWKDQGLQKDQG /LWWOHE\OLWWOHWKLVZKROHJURXSZDVDVVLPLODWLQJDQWKURSRORJLFDOSHUVSHF- WLYHV6RFLRORJ\DQG0DU[LVPZHUHSXVKHGLQWRWKHEDFNJURXQGDQGKLVWRULDQV FKRVHWRSUDFWLFHQHZVRFLRFXOWXUDOSHUVSHFWLYHVZRUNKLVWRU\DQGZRUNHUV· DQGSHDVDQWFXOWXUHDPRQJRWKHUVZHUHLQWKHFHQWHURIQHZDQGIUXLWIXOFXOWXUDO KLVWRULHV7KHVHGHDOWZLWKDVRFLRDQWKURSRORJLFDOKLVWRU\QRZLQWHUHVWHGPDLQ- O\LQODQJXDJHDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQ,QVRPHDVSHFWVWKLVQHZKLVWRU\DSSURDFK ZDVLQGHEWHGWRVRFLDOVFLHQFHVDQGHVSHFLDOO\WRWKHPRVWRXWVWDQGLQJKLVWRULFDO WUHQGVWKHWZRMXVWPHQWLRQHGDQGWKH)UHQFK6FKRRORIAnnales. 7KH\ZHUH FKDQJHGE\FRQFHSWVOLNHsociabilityERUURZHGIURP0DXULFH$JXOKRQDQGE\ WKHQHR0DU[LVW%ULWLVKSHUVSHFWLYH ,QVXP6SDQLVKKLVWRULDQVZKRFRQVLGHUHGWKHKLVWRU\RIFXOWXUHDVDUHPLQG- HURIHOLWLVWEHKDYLRUOHIWWKLVDVLGHDQGVWDUWHGWRGUDZQHDUHUWRDQRWKHUNLQGRI FXOWXUDOKLVWRU\E\XQGHUVWDQGLQJFXOWXUHDVDSDUWRIVRFLDOKLVWRU\7KHUHLVD WKLUGJURXSKLVWRULDQVZKRDFKLHYHGDVRUWRIPLGGOHJURXQG7KH\VWXGLHGLQ- WHOOHFWXDOKLVWRU\IURPDFXOWXUDOSHUVSHFWLYHE\MXVWLI\LQJWKHLUFKRLFHVLQWKHVH ZRUGVLQWHOOHFWXDOVDUHDVRFLDOJURXSZKRPDNHFXOWXUDOSURGXFWV,QWKLVODWWHU
Recommended publications
  • Civilization Studies 1
    Civilization Studies 1 Civilization Studies Civilization studies provide an in-depth examination of the development and accomplishments of one of the world's great civilizations through direct encounters with significant and exemplary documents and monuments. These sequences complement the literary and philosophical study of texts central to the humanities sequences, as well as the study of synchronous social theories that shape basic questions in the social science sequences. Their approach stresses the grounding of events and ideas in historical context and the interplay of events, institutions, ideas, and cultural expressions in social change. The courses emphasize texts rather than surveys as a way of getting at the ideas, cultural patterns, and social pressures that frame the understanding of events and institutions within a civilization. And they seek to explore a civilization as an integrated entity, capable of developing and evolving meanings that inform the lives of its citizens. Unless otherwise specified, courses should be taken in sequence. Note the prerequisites, if any, included in the course description of each sequence. Some civilization sequences are two-quarter sequences; others are three- quarter sequences. Students may meet a two-quarter civilization requirement with two courses from a three- quarter sequence. Because civilization studies sequences offer an integrated, coherent approach to the study of a civilization, students cannot change sequences. Students can neither combine courses from a civilization sequence with a freestanding course nor combine various freestanding courses to create a civilization studies sequence. Students who wish to use such combinations are seldom granted approval to their petitions, including petitions from students with curricular and scheduling conflicts who have postponed meeting the civilization studies requirement until their third or fourth year in the College.
    [Show full text]
  • Judging the East Timor Dispute: Self-Determination at the International Court of Justice, 17 Hastings Int'l & Comp
    Hastings International and Comparative Law Review Volume 17 Article 3 Number 2 Winter 1994 1-1-1994 Judging the East Timor Dispute: Self- Determination at the International Court of Justice Gerry J. Simpson Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_international_comparative_law_review Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Gerry J. Simpson, Judging the East Timor Dispute: Self-Determination at the International Court of Justice, 17 Hastings Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 323 (1994). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_international_comparative_law_review/vol17/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Judging the East Timor Dispute: Self-Determination at the International Court of Justice By Gerry J. Simpson* Table of Contents I. Introduction ............................................ 324 1E. Some Preliminary Remarks about the Case ............. 327 III. International Politics and the International Court: A Functional Dilemma .................................... 329 IV. Substantive Questions of Law .......................... 332 A. The Existence of a Right to Self-Determination...... 333 B. Beneficiaries of the Right to Self-Determination ..... 334 1. Indonesia's TerritorialIntegrity and the Principle of Uti Posseditis................................. 339 2. Enclaves in InternationalLaw .................. 342 3. Historical Ties .................................. 342 C. The Duties of Third Parties Toward Peoples Claiming a Right to Self-Determination ............. 343 V. Conclusion .............................................. 347 * Lecturer in International Law and Human Rights Law, Law Faculty, Univcrity of Melbourne, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Castellon De La Plana, Spain •••• August 2019-January 2020 by Wanjiku Gatua •••• Castellon
    CASTELLON DE LA PLANA, SPAIN •••• AUGUST 2019-JANUARY 2020 BY WANJIKU GATUA •••• CASTELLON Castellon is located in the northern region of the Valencian community. The town is famous for its local produce like oranges, Mediterranean dishes such as paella, and a combination of beaches and mountainous terrain. I lived with a Spanish host family in Castellon which helped integrate me into the culture and beauty of Spain 2 •••• UNIVERSITAT DE JAUME I UJI was founded in 1991 and was named after the King that founded the Kingdom of Valencia. Above is an image of my intensive Spanish class that was taken at the university. Along with Spanish, I also was able to take courses in history, art, and business management. •••• VALENCIA ... / II ,fa:II l [ JI Valencia is the third largest city in Spain, and is located about 40 minutes away from Castellon by train. The image on the far right depicts a climate strike held in the main streets of Valencia. 4 •••• VALENCIA City of Arts and Sciences Valencia is known for its mix of gothic and modern architecture. The City of Arts and Sciences is a cultural complex that includes a open-air oceanographic park, a plaza for sporting events, a museum, and more. 5 •••• BARCELONA Barcelona is located on the eastern coast of Spain and is about 2 hours from Castellon by train. It is a very tourist filled city known for its beaches and the famous Sagrada Familia church. The city also boasts many architectural masterpieces created by Antoni Gaudi. His work and influence are seen all throughout the city.
    [Show full text]
  • ESJOA Spring 2011
    Volume 6 Issue 1 C.S.U.D.H. ELECTRONIC STUDENT JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY Spring 2011 V O L U M E 6 ( 1 ) : S P R I N G 2 0 1 1 California State University Dominguez Hills Electronic Student Journal of Anthropology Editor In Chief Review Staff Scott Bigney Celso Jaquez Jessica Williams Maggie Slater Alex Salazar 2004 CSU Dominguez Hills Anthropology Club 1000 E Victoria Street, Carson CA 90747 Phone 310.243.3514 • Email [email protected] I Table of Contents THEORY CORNER Essay: Functionalism in Anthropological Theory By: Julie Wennstrom pp. 1-6 Abstract: Franz Boas, “Methods of Ethnology” By: Maggie Slater pp. 7 Abstract: Marvin Harris “Anthropology and the Theoretical and Paradigmatic Significance of the Collapse of Soviet and East European Communism By: Samantha Glover pp. 8 Abstract: Eleanor Burke Leacock “Women’s Status In Egalitarian Society: Implications For Social Evolution” By: Jessica Williams pp. 9 STUDENT RESEARCH Chinchorro Culture By: Kassie Sugimoto pp. 10-22 Reconstructing Ritual Change at Preceramic Asana By: Dylan Myers pp. 23-33 The Kogi (Kaggaba) of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Kotosh Religious Tradition: Ethnographic Analysis of Religious Specialists and Religious Architecture of a Contemporary Indigenous Culture and Comparison to Three Preceramic Central Andean Highland Sites By: Celso Jaquez pp. 34-59 The Early Formative in Ecuador: The Curious Site of Real Alto By: Ana Cuellar pp. 60-70 II Ecstatic Shamanism or Canonist Religious Ideology? By: Samantha Glover pp. 71-83 Wari Plazas: An analysis of Proxemics and the Role of Public Ceremony By: Audrey Dollar pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Theorizing Has Dramatically Increased
    Cultural CHAPTER 9 Theorizing Another Embarassing Confession Like the concept of social structure, the conceptualization of culture in sociology is rather vague, despite a great deal of attention by sociologists to the properties and dynamics of cul- ture. There has always been the recognition that culture is attached to social structures, and vice versa, with the result that sociologists often speak in terms of sociocultural formations or sociocultural systems and structures. This merging of structure and culture rarely clarifies but, instead, further conflates a precise definition of culture. And so, sociology’s big idea— culture—is much like the notion of social structure. Its conceptualization is somewhat meta- phorical, often rather imprecise, and yet highly evocative. There is no consensus in defini- tions of culture beyond the general idea that humans create symbol systems, built from our linguistic capacities, which are used to regulate conduct. And even this definition would be challenged by some. Since the 1980s and accelerating with each decade, the amount of cultural theorizing has dramatically increased. Mid-twentieth-century functional theory had emphasized the importance of culture but not in a context-specific or robust manner; rather, functional- ism viewed culture as a mechanism by which actions are controlled and regulated,1 whereas much of the modern revival of culture has viewed culture in a much more robust and inclusive manner. When conflict theory finally pushed functionalism from center stage, it also tended to bring forth a more Marxian view of culture as a “superstructure” generated by economic substructures. Culture became the sidekick, much like Tonto for the Lone Ranger, to social structure, with the result that its autonomy and force indepen- dent of social structures were not emphasized and, in some cases, not even recognized.
    [Show full text]
  • The Immigration Conundrum in Italy and Spain
    AMERICA Immigration, Law& The Immigration Conundrum in American Identity Italy and Spain Laws and policies in Italy and Spain reveal ambivalence about immigration. by Kitty Calavita Both Spain and Italy have significant undocumented immigration populations. In this article, Kitty Calavita explains the origins of increased migration to Italy and Spain, beginning in the 1980s, the role of immigrants in the economy, the anti-immigrant backlash, and immigration law and policy today. pain and Italy have long been countries of emigration, sending millions “Spain and Italy of working men, women, and children to every corner of the globe since the late 1800s. In the decades after World War II, Spaniards and Italians found labor opportunities closer to home, shuttling back and forth to passed their first Snorth and central Europe where they supplied the backbone of the industrial labor force for the post-war economic boom. This migrant stream began to immigration laws in reverse itself in the early 1980s, as many former emigrants returned home, and these southern European countries attracted large numbers of immigrants from 1985 and 1986, beyond their borders. Italy experienced its own “economic miracle” in the post-WWII decades, respectively.” drawing large numbers of rural people from its less developed southern regions to its northern industrial centers. By the mid-1970s the gap between Italy and its northern European neighbors had narrowed. The increased employment opportunities and higher wage levels associated with this transformation attracted immigrants from Africa, Asia, and Latin America, much as in earlier years Italians had migrated north to better jobs. By 2006, approximately 4 million foreigners resided in Italy, with an estimated 300,000 being undocumented.
    [Show full text]
  • GOING GLOBAL EXPORTING to SPAIN and PORTUGAL a Guide for Clients
    GOING GLOBAL EXPORTING TO SPAIN AND PORTUGAL A guide for clients #GlobalAmbition Capital city Madrid Currency ¤ Population 46.7m1 GDP per capita ¤25,0012 GDP growth MADRID 2.5% (2018), 2.1% (2019)3 GDP ¤1,208,2484 Unemployment rate 14.7% (2017)5 Enterprise Ireland client exports (2018) ¤338.6m6 2 WHY EXPORT TO SPAIN? With seven times the landmass of decreased by 1.23% in 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 (Jan-Dec). Exports in 2018 stood at Ireland and 10 times the population, €2,564 million while imports totalled €1,441 million - the scale of Spain is not to be a balance of €1,123 million in Ireland’s favour. Exports underestimated. by Enterprise Ireland clients reached €338.6 million in 2018.14 Neither is the size of the opportunity it can offer, not least because of its role as a valuable bridge to the Sectoral success South American market. Spain has been historically a very important point of Having suffered enormously in the financial trade in Europe. While the market has been perceived crash, the country is showing sustained recovery. as a more difficult Eurozone market to enter for According to an IMF report in late 2018, Spain’s exporters, this is changing. Spain is currently economy has continued to grow strongly, reflecting experiencing a post-crisis renaissance in business. its improved fundamentals. The country’s real GDP This paves the way for new opportunities for Irish and employment growth are set to exceed that exporters, in nascent Irish-Spanish export sectors of the euro area for the fourth year in a row.
    [Show full text]
  • Philosophy Emerging from Culture
    Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change Series I. Culture and Values, Volume 42 General Editor: George F. McLean Associate General Editor: William Sweet Philosophy Emerging from Culture Edited by William Sweet George F. McLean Oliva Blanchette Wonbin Park The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Copyright © 2013 by The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Box 261 Cardinal Station Washington, D.C. 20064 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Philosophy emerging from culture / edited by William Sweet, George F. McLean, Oliva Blanchette. -- 1st [edition]. pages cm. -- (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series I, Culture and values ; Volume 42) 1. Philosophy and civilization. 2. Philosophy. 3. Culture. I. Sweet, William, editor of compilation. B59.P57 2013 2013015164 100--dc23 CIP ISBN 978-1-56518-285-1 (pbk.) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: Philosophy Emerging From Culture 1 William Sweet and George F. McLean Part I: The Dynamics of Change Chapter I. What Remains of Modernity? Philosophy and 25 Culture in the Transition to a Global Era William Sweet Chapter II. Principles of Western Bioethics and 43 the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Africa Workineh Kelbessa Chapter III. Rationality in Islamic Peripatetic and 71 Enlightenment Philosophies Sayyed Hassan Houssaini Chapter IV. Theanthropy and Culture According to Karol Wojtyla 87 Andrew N. Woznicki Chapter V. Al-Fārābī’s Approach to Aristotle’s Eudaimonia 99 Mostafa Younesie Part II: The Nature of Culture and its Potential as a Philosophical Source Chapter VI. A Realistic Interpretation of Culture 121 Jeu-Jenq Yuann Chapter VII. Rehabilitating Value: Questions of 145 Meaning and Adequacy Karim Crow Chapter VIII.
    [Show full text]
  • Spain 2012 Bathing Water Report
    Bathing water results 2012 – Spain 1. Reporting and assessment In 2012 the Spanish authorities reported under Directive 2006/7/EC provisions a list of their bathing waters, start and end of bathing season for each bathing water, short term pollution events, events impacting bathing water quality and measured values of concentrations of two microbiological parameters — intestinal enterococci and Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli). This report gives a general overview of bathing water quality in Spain for the 2012 bathing season. Spain has reported under the Directive 2006/7/EC since 2008. When four consecutive years of samples of intestinal enterococci and Escherichia coli for bathing water are available, the assessment is done according to assessment rules of the new bathing water Directive 2006/7/EC. The Annex IV of the directive requires a sample to be taken shortly before the start of the bathing season. Sampling dates are to be distributed throughout the bathing season, with the interval between sampling dates never exceeding one month. Taking into account one pre-season sample, no fewer than four samples are to be taken and analysed per bathing season. Three samples need to be taken and analysed per bathing season in the case of bathing water with either bathing season not exceeding eight weeks or being situated in a region subject to special geographical constraints. The result of such monitoring is used to build up the sets of bathing water quality data. The number of samples for the assessment period should thus be at least 16 or 12 if season duration is less than eight weeks or the region is subject to special geographical constraints.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnography, Cultural and Social Anthropology
    UC Berkeley Anthropology Faculty Publications Title Ethnography, Cultural and Social Anthropology Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t13v9kz Journal American Anthropologist, 55(4) Author Lowie, Robert H. Publication Date 1953-10-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ETHNOGRAPHY, CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY By ROBERT H. LOWIE HE discussion by Professors Murdock and Firth, Professor Fortes's T contribution to the debate, Professor Radcliffe-Brown's illuminating letter in a recent issue of this journal, and a number of other statements by American and British colleagues (Murdock 1951; Firth 1951; Radcliffe-Brown 1952; Fortes 1953; Evans-Pritchard 1951) stimulate reflections on cultural and social anthropology. In the present, wholly uncontroversial article I shall first define the aims of cultural anthropology as I understand them and shall then inquire intQ the relations of that discipline with social anthropology as defined by British scholars. I Whatever differences may divide cultural from social anthropologists, they are hardly greater than those which divide self-styled cultural anthropologists. IndeedJ I should say that many of us feel incomparably closer to the English anthropologists referred to above than, say, to Goldenweiser in his later phases. A concrete example will illustrate the issue. In one of his books (Golden­ weiser 1922) this writer devotes a chapter to the Baganda, relying as he was bound to do on Roscoe's well-known work. He tells us that "maize is perhaps the principal staple food, but plantain trees are also cultivated on a large scale." Now the primary source (Roscoe 1911: 5, 432) states in unmistakable terms that plantains "furnish their staple food," whereas maize "was never grown in any quantity ..
    [Show full text]
  • Republicanism and Separatism in the Seventeenth Century
    25 Republicanism and Separatism in the Seventeenth Century TOMÁS Ó FIAICH This article first appeared in ‘Léachtaí Cholm Cille’ II Stair, 1971. It is reproduced with the permission of An Sagart, Má Nuad and Pádraig Ó Fiannachta. Consequently it has been thought that all this would be settled by having the enterprise carried out in the name of the liberty of the fatherland and of oppressed religion and by establishing as the government a Republic, which should be so called on its flags and in its commissions … For Ireland to take the name and title of Republic appears to be the best way to carry out this diversion with all possible success and safety … It is simply noted that this insurrection which the natives of that country wish to carry out, should be proclaimed as being for the purpose of establishing the country as a free Republic and in order to make the Catholic religion there free, absolutely … let him (i.e. the pope) send special delegates to all the Catholic kings and princes of Europe, earnestly urging them to help the said Republic of Ireland. These phrases are culled not from the autobiography of Wolfe Tone, the father of Irish republicanism, nor even from a document belonging to the end of the eighteenth century, when republicanism was in the ascendant in the United States of America and in France. They were written as long ago as 1627, when only two republics of note existed in Europe and it was proposed that Ireland should become the third. The long document which has been quoted seems to have been the first in our history to put forward a republican form of government as the objective of an Ireland fighting for her freedom—the first document, in fact, which uses the then unfamiliar and unhallowed title of ‘Irish Republic’.
    [Show full text]
  • The Material Turn, Praxiography, and Body History
    Humanities 2014, 3, 546–566; doi:10.3390/h3040546 OPEN ACCESS humanities ISSN 2076-0787 www.mdpi.com/journal/humanities Article Beyond Cultural History? The Material Turn, Praxiography, and Body History Iris Clever and Willemijn Ruberg Department of History and Art History, Utrecht University, Drift 6, 3512 BS Utrecht, The Netherlands; E-Mails: [email protected] (I.C.); [email protected] (W.R.) External Editor: Victoria Thompson Received: 24 March 2014; in revised form: 27 August 2014 / Accepted: 16 September 2014 / Published: 9 October 2014 Abstract: The body came to be taken seriously as a topic of cultural history during the “corporeal” or “bodily” turn in the 1980s and 1990s. Soon, however, critique was raised against these studies’ conceptualization of the body as discursively shaped and socially disciplined: individual bodily agency and feeling were felt to be absent in the idea of the material body. This article critically analyzes new approaches in the field of body history, particularly the so-called “material turn”. It argues that the material turn, especially in the guise of praxiography, has a lot to offer historians of the body, such as more attention to material practices, to different kinds of actors and a more open eye to encounters. Potential problems of praxiographical analyses of the body in history include the complicated relationship between discourses and practices and the neglect of the political and feminist potential of deconstructive discourse analyses. However, a focus on the relationship between practices of knowledge production and the representation of the body may also provide new ways of opening up historical power relations.
    [Show full text]