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Cultural in Spain History of and Cultural History: same paths and outcomes?*

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Historical and historiographical context: When and how? When did new cultural history appear in Spain?

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223 Carolina Rodríguez-López

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Table 1: Cultural History in some spanish University Programs

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33 SERNA/PONS, 2005. 34 SAIZ PASTOR/VIDAL OLIVARES,  SERRANO GARCÍA, 2001.

224 Cultural History in Spain

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Historiographical production: paths and types of Spanish cultural history

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226 Cultural History in Spain

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228 Cultural History in Spain

Conclusion

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Literature

ABELLA, RAFAEL,+LVWRULDGHODYLGDFRWLGLDQDGXUDQWHODJXHUUDFLYLO%DUFH- lona 2004. ABELLÁN, JOSÉ LUIS,'HODJXHUUDFLYLODOH[LOLRUHSXEOLFDQR  0D- GULG AGUADO, ANA/RAMOS, MARÍA DOLORES, /DPRGHUQL]DFLyQGH(VSDxD   &XOWXUD\YLGDFRWLGLDQD0DGULG ALTAMIRA, RAFAEL, +LVWRULDGH(VSDxD\GHODFLYLOL]DFLyQHVSDxROD%DUFH- ORQD ID.+LVWRULDGH(VSDxD\GHODFLYLOL]DFLyQHVSDxROD%DUFHORQD ID.+LVWRULDGH(VSDxD\GHODFLYLOL]DFLyQHVSDxROD%DUFHORQD ALTED VIGIL, ALICIA,/DYR]GHORVYHQFLGRVHOH[LOLRUHSXEOLFDQRGH 0DGULG ÁLVAREZ DE MORALES, ANTONIO(VWXGLRVGHKLVWRULDGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGHVSD- xROD0DGULG ARAGÓN GÓMEZ, JAIME,/DYLGDFRWLGLDQDGXUDQWHOD*XHUUDGHOD,QGHSHQGHQ- FLDHQODSURYLQFLDGH&iGL]&iGL] ARAGONESES, ALFONS,8QMXULVWDGHO0RGHUQLVPR5D\PRQG6DOHLOOHV\ORV RUtJHQHVGHOGHUHFKRFRPSDUDGR0DGULG

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236 Cultural History in Spain

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237 Carolina Rodríguez-López

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238