DOCSLIB.ORG

Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in Children in the Trabzon Province of the Black Sea Region of Turkey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in Children in the Trabzon Province of the Black Sea Region of Turkey Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 54: 21-8 21 Türk Otorinolarengoloji Arşivi Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in Children in the Trabzon Province of the Black Sea Region of Turkey Hatice Bengü Çobanoğlu1, Abdülcemal Ümit Işık2, Murat Topbaş3, Ahmet Ural2 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey Original Investigation 3Department of Public Health, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey Abstract Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence Results: The prevalance of allergic rhinitis in children of allergic rhinitis in children aged 12-15 years who between 12 and 15 years age was found to be 14.5% in lived in the Trabzon Province, specify possible risk Trabzon. Female gender was found to be a relative a factors, and compare the data obtained with those risk factor for allergic rhinitis (p=0.015). The prevalence of the other studies conducted in our country and in of allergic rhinitis in children whose both parents were smoking was significantly higher than that in children other countries. whose only one parent was smoking or both parents Methods: First, 1372 students from nine primary were nonsmokers (p=0.0024). In addition, living in an schools determined according to the recommendations apartment flat (p=0.015) and owing pets (p=0.04) were of Department of Public Health and approval of The detected to be other risk factors for allergic rhinitis. Provincial Directorate of Health were screened in their Conclusion: According to our investigations, this is schools with questionnaire forms. Second, students the first prevalence study in Trabzon, which is the providing the response “yes” to the first and/or second largest settlement in the Eastern Black Sea Region. questions in the questionnaire forms were considered The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children was as possible allergic rhinitis patients and invited to our found to be 14.5%. Female gender, smoking habits of clinic. Then, 246 students were subjected to a skin prick the parents, owing pets, and living in an apartment flat are risk factors for allergic rhinitis. test. Data were collected with the evalution of ques- tionnaire and skin prick test results together. Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, prevalence, pediatric Introduction and Provincial Directorate of Health in Trabzon Allergic rhinitis is a globally observed disease that city center to specify the possible risk factors and can severely affect the quality of life. It includes to compare the data obtained with those of other an intermittent type that is observed in the pol- studies performed in other cities of Turkey as well len season and a persistent type that continues as other countries. throughout the year. Allergens vary according to the climates and countries (1). Diagnosis can be This study was performed to determine the preva- performed with a good medical history, physical lence of allergic rhinitis in students aged 12–15 years examination, and skin test. The complaints of pa- old in the Trabzon city center. tients can be minimized by protection from aller- gens and by appropriate medical treatment (2). Methods Nine primary schools were specified at the city In recent years, an increase in allergic diseases according to the recommendations of the Pro- This study was presented at the 32nd National Otorhinology Head and Neck preoccupies the role of environmental factors. vincial Directorate of Health and the approval of Surgery Congress as an oral presentation, 27-31 October 2010, Antalya, Turkey. However, among thousands of environmental the school managements in 2010. The study was Address for Correspondence: factors, the exact factor remains unknown. approved by the Karadeniz Technical University Hatice Bengü Çobanoğlu, Findings regarding the role of smoking, exhaust Ethics Committee (file no: 2009/36). E-mail: [email protected] Received Date: 23.06.2015 gas, air pollution, and living in hygienic conditions Accepted Date: 07.02.2016 have been reported (3). Because no similar study Based on the population of the city where this © Copyright 2016 by Official Journal of the Turkish has been performed in our region so far, we study was conducted, approximately 1300 students Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Available online at planned to screen 1372 students aged 12–15 years were recommended for screening in order to meet www.turkarchotorhinolaryngol.org from nine schools. The schools were determined the statistical sufficiency required by the Depart- DOI: 10.5152/tao.2016.1089 together with the Department of Public Health ment of Public Health. 22 Çobanoğlu et al. Allergic Rhinitis Prevalence in Trabzon Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 54: 21-8 The Department of Public Health suggested screening of the Results 12–15-year-old age group in the consideration of reliability of The questionnaire survey was provided to 1372 students (female, the responses to the questionnaire items and easier cooperation n=712, 52%; male, n=658, 48%), and two students were exclud- during prick tests. Our study consisted of two stages. In the first ed from the study because of psoriasis. Nearly half (145/291, stage, students were scanned at their schools using the “Ques- 49.8%) of the students had marked the “yes” option for the first tionnaire method.” The questionnaire was prepared by taking the or second question in the questionnaire. In other words, these questions on the official site of the European Allergic Rhinitis patients had allergic rhinitis before or they were sneezing, had and Asthma Committee (ECRHS) as the base (4). Question- nasal drainage, or had nasal obstruction and indicated that they naire items included house environments, bedrooms, pet habits, had used drugs before for complaints of sneezing, nasal drain- status of allergic complaints according to the seasons, age of the age, and nasal obstruction. mother, and smoking status of the parents (Figure 1). The students (n=291) who had marked the “yes” option for the A total of 1372 students at the city were given this survey. Approvals first or second question were called to our clinic for the skin from the management of the primary schools were obtained, and prick test, and this test was performed for 246 of them. Some upon this approval, written consents of the families were also (n=192) of the students with positive prick test results were di- obtained before handing out the questionnaires to the students agnosed with allergic rhinitis. in their classrooms. Students responding “yes” to the first and/or second questions in the questionnaire were considered as potential When the findings of the skin prick test and questionnaire were allergic rhinitis patients and were invited to our clinic for a prick evaluated together, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was found test. Before the prick test, consents of their families were obtained. to be 14.5%. Investigation of the other factors and statistical Information about antihistaminic or other drug usage, which could evaluation were performed in these patients (Table 1). degrade the test results of the questionnaire survey, was obtained, and the students were warned not to use any drugs before coming Allergy–Gender: Among the students who were accepted as to our clinic for the prick test. In this group, two students had having allergic rhinitis according to the evaluation of the re- psoriasis; therefore, the test could not be performed on them. The sponses to the questionnaire items and findings of the skin prick test was routinely performed using 24 standardized Alk- prick test, allergic rhinitis was found in 115 (16.8%) female and Albio (ALK; Berkshire, UK) Allergens. Allergens were applied 77 (12.1%) male students. It was observed that female gender to both arms and penetrated into the subcutaneous layers via a was a significant risk factor for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis lancet. After waiting for 15 minutes, the allergens that induced (p=0.015). an induration with a diameter equal to or greater than that of the control allergen histamine were accepted as the specific allergen Allergy–Smoking Habits of the Parents: Parents of 616 stu- responsible for the development of allergic rhinitis. During the dents (46.7%) were nonsmokers. Fathers of 438 students 15-minute waiting period in our clinic, students were accompanied (33.2%) and mothers of 96 students (7.2%) were the only smok- by an attendant, and emergency kit and drugs were kept ready in ers in the family, while both parents of 169 (12.8%) students case of any possible anaphylaxis or allergic reaction. were smokers. The relationship between the smoking habits of the parents and allergy was also investigated. Allergic rhinitis Our study is summarized by a flow chart (Figure 2). With the was detected in 12.2% of the children whose parents were non- findings of the prick test and questionnaire, the correlations be- smokers. The rates of allergic rhinitis in children whose father, tween allergic rhinitis and factors such as smoking habits of the mother, or both parents were smokers were 15.5%, 13.5%, and parents, heating system in the house, room share in the house, 21.3%, respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children seasonal variations in the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, type of whose mother and father were both smokers was significantly residence, owning pets, and age of the mother were determined. higher than that in children whose only one parent was a smok- er or both parents were nonsmokers (p=0.04). Statistical Analyses Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Allergy–Heating Devices Used in the House: The students Sciences (SPSS) software program (version 12.0 for Windows) were using room heaters (n= 358: 26.1%), the central system (SPSS Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vazelon (Zavulon) Monastery
    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 6, No. 1; January 2016 A Lesser Known Important Cultural Heritage Source and Religious Tourism Value in Turkey: Vazelon (Zavulon) Monastery Ahmet Çavuş, PhD Atatürk University Faculty of Tourism Departmant of Tourism Guidance Erzurum, Turkey. Abstract Vazelon which is also known as Zavulon Monastry is located within the borders of Macka district Kiremitli village in North eastern Trabzon. It is 45 km away from Trabzon, 15 km away from Macka and its height is 1210 m. The name of the monastery is assumed to be originated from Mount Zavulon and this religious structure was built at the foot of the mountain cliff. Monastery was originally built as a chapel in 270 A.C. at the intersection point of Yahya stream and Degirmen stream. However it was demolished as a result of Persian attack in 6th century and many priests were killed. After this event, it was built in current location at three different stages. The monastery devoted to John the Baptist was a 4 storey building. At that time, it was an institution having school, court, and notary and guest house functions as well as providing service as a place of worship and for raising monks. The priests in the monastery were noting and saving the political, economical and social subjects since 13th century. After the population exchange agreement between Turkey and Greece in 1923, Vazelon monastery was emptied. This place which was left alone, was later destroyed by treasure hunters and although the main frame of the building remained standing, trees grew inside and it took a ruined view.
    [Show full text]
  • Macromycetes Determined in Çamburnu Nature Park and Close Environs (Trabzon)
    MANTAR DERGİSİ/The Journal of Fungus Nisan(2021)12(1)71-79 Geliş(Recevied) :10.01.2021 Research Article Kabul(Accepted) :04.03.2021 Doi: 10.30708.mantar.857729 Macromycetes Determined in Çamburnu Nature Park and Close Environs (Trabzon) Yılmaz ORUÇ1, Ali KELEŞ2, Yasin UZUN3, Abdullah KAYA4* *Sorumlu yazar: [email protected] 1Yüzüncü Yıl University, Department of Strategy Development, 65080 Van, Turkey Orcid ID: 0000-0002-1238-481X / [email protected] 2Yüzüncü Yıl University, Education Faculty, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, 65080 Van, Turkey Orcid ID: 0000-0002-9087-0805 / [email protected] 3Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Ermenek Uysal & Hasan Kalan Health Services Vocational School, Department of Pharmacy Services, 70400, Karaman, Turkey Orcid ID:0000-0002-6423-6085 / [email protected] 4Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, 06500 Ankara, Turkey Orcid ID: 0000-0002-4654-1406 / [email protected] Abstract: This study was carried out the macrofungi samples collected from Çamburnu Nature Park (Sürmene/Trabzon). As a result of field and laboratory studies, 109 macromycete species belonging to four classes, 12 orders, 41 families and 64 genera within Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were determined. The species are presented in alphabetical order together with their habitats and localities. Key words: Biodiversity, macrofungi, Black Sea Region, Turkey Çamburnu Tabiat Parkı ve Yakın Çevresinde (Trabzon) Belirlenen Makromantarlar Öz: Bu çalışma Çamburnu Tabiat Parkı (Sürmene/Trabzon)’ndan toplanan makromantar örnekleri üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmaları sonucunda Askomikota ve Bazidiyomikota bölümleri içinde yer alan dört sınıf, 12 takım, 41 familya ve 64 cinse ait 109 makromantar türü belirlenmiştir. Türler habitat ve lokaliteleri ile birlikte alfabetik sırada verilmiştir.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Gis-Based Cancer Density Maps for Trabzon Province of Turkey
    CREATING GIS-BASED CANCER DENSITY MAPS FOR TRABZON PROVINCE OF TURKEY Ebru Colak* Tahsin Yomralioglu* * Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, GISLab, Trabzon, Turkey, 61080. ABSTRACT In Turkey, the prevalence of cancer cases increased and cancer became ranked as the second cause of death. Therefore, forming a cancer control program and putting strategic action plans into practice became an important matter for the health industry. The correlation of variations in different societies and environmental factors should be examined spatially with reliable data. To do this, cancer occurrence density maps have to be created. In this study, a database was built with the use of GIS to examine the distribution of cancer cases, and maps relating to cancer events in allocation units were created. Cancer cases data registered in 2004 by the Cancer Struggle Department of Health Directorate of Trabzon Province of Turkey was used. Using ArcGIS, the distribution of cancer cases was presented on cancer maps including allocation units and incidence values, which were calculated for each town-based region. According to the World standards, cancer rates were determined and examined by the spatial analysis power of GIS. GIS and Cancer 1 / 8 Ebru COLAK and Tahsin YOMRALIOGLU Creating GIS-Based Cancer Denstity Maps for Trabzon Province of Turkey 2005 ESRI Health GIS Conference October 23–26, 2005 Palmer House Hilton Chicago, Illinois Introduction Today, cancer is one of the most important health issues. Because of it seems densely in the community, the health is highly mortal disease which leads to disablements and high treatment cost causes important loses in the national economy and labor.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species of Trichoptera ( Hydroptilidae, Philopotamidae) from Turkey and the List of the Species of Ordu and Giresun Provinces in Northeastern Anatolia1
    © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Denisia 29 347-368 17.07.2010 New species of Trichoptera ( Hydroptilidae, Philopotamidae) from Turkey and the list of the species of Ordu and Giresun provinces 1 in northeastern Anatolia F. SİPAHİLER Abstract: In the present paper the following new species are described and illustrated: Hydroptila mardinica nov.sp. (Hydroptilidae) from southeastern Anatolia, and Wormaldia malickyi nov.sp. (Philopotamidae) and Philopotamus giresunicus nov.sp. (Philopotamidae), both from northeastern Anatolia. A faunistic list for Ordu and Giresun provinces, located in the western part of northeastern Turkey, is given. A sketch map of the localities is provided. In this region, 85 species are recorded, belonging to 19 families. Of these, 38 species (44.7 %) are known in the western part of Turkey. This area constitutes the boundary of the distribution of western species. Caucasian/Transcaucasian species are represented in this region by 25 species (29.4 %); the rate increases in the eastern provinces of northeastern Anatolia to 42.8 % (60 species). Chaetopteryx bosniaca MARINKOVIC, 1955 is a new record for the Turkish fauna. K e y w o r d s : Trichoptera, fauna, Ordu, Giresun, new species, northern Turkey. Introduction The new species Hydroptila mardinica nov.sp. (Hydroptilidae), with asymmetrical genitalia, belongs to the occulta species group. In Turkey, most of the species of this group are found in southern Turkey. H. mardinica nov.sp. is the second species of this group to occur in southeastern Anatolia. The new species of the family Philopotamidae, Wormaldia malickyi nov.sp. and Philopotamus giresunicus nov.sp., are found in the same place in Giresun province, a small spring on the rising slopes of the mountain.
    [Show full text]
  • This Is Not a Festival. Transhumance-Based Economies on Turkey’S Upland Pastures Nicolas Elias
    This is not a Festival. Transhumance-Based Economies on Turkey’s Upland Pastures Nicolas Elias To cite this version: Nicolas Elias. This is not a Festival. Transhumance-Based Economies on Turkey’s Upland Pastures. Nomadic Peoples, Berghahn Journals, 2016, 20 (2), pp.265-286. 10.3197/np.2016.200206. hal- 03177162 HAL Id: hal-03177162 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03177162 Submitted on 14 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THIS IS NOT A FESTIVAL. TRANSHUMANCE-BASED ECONOMIES ON TURKEY'S UPLAND PASTURES Nicolas Elias (Translated by Saskia Brown) ABSTRACT This article sets out to study how an instituted practice of pastoral societies has evolved under the industrialised, capitalist Turkey of the last decade. In the Pontic Mountains, in north-eastern Turkey, the celebrations that take place every summer on the upland pastures are some of the most eagerly-awaited events. Until recently they were related to pastoralism and transhumance. But, although pastoralism has collapsed, the number and popularity of these events is growing yearly. When the ethnographic study of the most famous of them (Kadirga) is related to recent social transformations in Turkey (migration, development of the culture industry, urbanisation, etc.), it becomes clear how such celebrations are instrumentalised by the new political economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Macrofungi Determined in Uzungöl Nature Park (Trabzon)
    http://dergipark.gov.tr/trkjnat Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 18(1): 15-24, 2017 ISSN 2147-0294, e-ISSN 2528-9691 Research Article/Araştırma Makalesi DOI: 10.23902/trkjnat.295542 MACROFUNGI DETERMINED IN UZUNGÖL NATURE PARK (TRABZON) Ilgaz AKATA1*, Yasin UZUN2 1Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey 2Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Kamil Özdağ Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Karaman, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received (Alınış): 28 Fabruary 2017, Accepted (Kabul): 20 March 2017, Online First (Erken Görünüm): 4 April 2017, Published (Basım): 15 June 2017 Abstract: In the present study, macrofungi samples collected from Uzungöl Nature Park (Trabzon) between 2011 and 2013 were identified and classified. After field and laboratory studies, a total of 205 macrofungi species were determined. A list of 212 species, by including the previously reported 7 species in the research area, belonging to 129 genera and 64 families within 2 divisions were given. Fourty-six species were determined to belong to Ascomycota and 166 to Basidiomycota. Key words: Biodiversity, macrofungi, Uzungöl Nature Park, Turkey. Uzungöl Tabiat Parkı (Trabzon)’ndan Belirlenen Makrofunguslar Özet: Bu çalışmada, Uzungöl Tabiat Parkı (Trabzon)’ndan 2011 ve 2013 yılları arasında toplanan makrofungus örnekleri teşhis edilmiş ve sınıflandırılmıştır. Arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmaları sonrasında 205 makromantar türü tespit edilmiştir. Daha önceden araştırma alanından rapor edilmiş 7 tür de dâhil olmak üzere, toplam 2 bölüm içinde yer alan 64 familya ve 129 cinse ait toplam 212 tür verilmiştir. Tespit edilen türlerden 46’sı Ascomycota, 166’sı Basidiomycota bölümüne mensuptur. Anahtar kelimeler: Biyoçeşitlilik, makromantarlar, Uzungöl Tabiat Parkı, Türkiye.
    [Show full text]
  • Additional Macrofungi Records from Trabzon Province for the Mycobiota of Turkey
    I. AKATA, M. G. HALICI, Y. UZUN Turk J Bot 35 (2011) 309-314 © TÜBİTAK Research Note doi:10.3906/bot-1008-45 Additional macrofungi records from Trabzon province for the mycobiota of Turkey Ilgaz AKATA1,*, Mehmet Gökhan HALICI2, Yasin UZUN1 1Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06100 Tandoğan, Ankara - TURKEY 2Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 38039 Kayseri - TURKEY Received: 30.08.2010 Accepted: 27.12.2010 Abstract: Four macrofungi taxa (Conocybe fi laris (Fr.) Kühner, Hygrocybe glutinipes (J.E.Lange) R.Haller Aar. var. glutinipes, Inocybe calospora Quél., and I. margaritispora (Berk.) Sacc.) collected from Trabzon province are reported from Turkey for the fi rst time. Comments on their habitats and substrata and a short diagnosis are provided for each new taxon new to Turkey. Key words: Basidiomycota, new records, biodiversity Trabzon yöresinden Türkiye mikobiyotası için ilave yeni kayıtlar Özet: Trabzon yöresinden toplanan 4 makrofungus taksonu (Conocybe fi laris (Fr.) Kühner, Hygrocybe glutinipes (J.E.Lange) R.Haller Aar. var. glutinipes, Inocybe calospora Quél. ve I. margaritispora (Berk.) Sacc.) Türkiye’den ilk kez rapor edilmektedir. Türkiye için yeni taksonların her biri için habitat ve substratları ile ilgili yorumlar ve kısa bir betimleme verilmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: Basidiomycota, yeni kayıtlar, biyoçeşitlilik Introduction as many investigations have been conducted on this Th e Kingdom Fungi is a large group of organisms subject and some of them are still in progress (Solak that includes more than 70,000 species but the global et al., 2007; Sesli & Denchev, 2008; Baş Sermenli & biodiversity of the fungi has been estimated at about Işıloğlu, 2009; Kaya, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Enabling Effective Spatial Data Management for Trabzon, Turkey
    ENABLING EFFECTIVE SPATIAL DATA MANAGEMENT FOR TRABZON, TURKEY Arif Cagdas AYDINOGLU, MSc KTU Dept. of Geodesy and Photog. Eng. GISLab, Trabzon, Turkey Tahsin YOMRALIOGLU, PhD KTU Dept. of Geodesy and Photog. Eng. GISLab, Trabzon, Turkey Gokhan SOGUT ISLEM GIS, Ankara, Turkey Volkan YILDIRIM, MSc KTU Dept. of Geodesy and Photog. Eng. GISLab, Trabzon, Turkey Various GIS projects have been produced by different public institutions in Turkey. But, spatial data users need to use the data collaboratively to provide noteworthy benefits to environmental, social, and economic context. In this study, a preliminary work to build Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) for Trabzon province of Turkey at local level was executed with the aim of using and sharing data effectively. Spatial data collected from different resources was managed on Geodatabase as to database design for many applications from environment and land management to statistics and economic analysis. Spatial data was controlled and updated by related user groups with the using of ArcSDE. Geodemographics, landslide hazard, tourism services management, and health planning applications were produced with the using of ArcGIS functionalities, and were presented to different thematic user groups on internet with the using of ArcGIS Server. 1. INTRODUCTION Geographic Information (GI) has a major role to play in addressing societal demands and exploiting the opportunities opened up by policy and technology. GI has economic value as a major component of Public Sector Information and has social and policy value for providing the basis to integrate policies and to provide tangible benefits to citizens, business, and governments (Craglia, 2004). Information Systems (IS) that support information management in concerned working group have been re-conceptualized as Information Infrastructure (II) concept that supports effective and corporate decision making by various institutions in a large user community.
    [Show full text]
  • DDOOKKAAPP--TTAARRIIMM Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Küçük
    Bülten No.10 DDDOOOKKKAAAPPP---TTTAAARRRIIIMMM Newsletter No.10 Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Küçük Ölçekli Çiftçilerin Yaşam Seviyelerinin İyileştirilmesi Projesi Project for Improvement of Livelihood for Small-scale Farmers in Eastern Black Sea Region Bülten No.10 - 2009 Yaz Newsletter No.10 - 2009 Summer Kuruçam köyünde üretilen çilekte grup halinde Great Step on Group Marketing of Strawberry in pazarlamada büyük adım Kuruçam "Grup halinde pazarlama" önemli ve bir o kadar da "Group Marketing" is a beautiful word but difficult to güzel bir şeydir. Fakat Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde be realized especially in Eastern Black Sea region. The uygulanması zor bir yöntemdir. Kuruçam model strawberry group in Kuruçam model area has köyünde çilek üreticisi çiftçiler çilek mevsimi boyunca successfully sold the strawberry during their first oldukça başarılı bir satış dönemi geçirmişlerdir. Grup harvest. The leader farmers organize members to a lideri çilek üreticilerini biraya getirip grup halinde marketing group of strawberry. Individual members satış yapmıştır. Üretim yapan çiftçilerin ürünleri harvested strawberry and the leaders collected hasadın hemen ardından grup liderleri tarafından strawberry containers to bring them to town. They toplanıp ilçe merkezine getirilmiştir. Daha sonra, could sell members' products to traders in better liderler ürünü toplu halde tüccarlara teslim etmiştir. conditions. Kuruçam çilek grubu üyelerine ait çilek Grup halinde satış Strawberry of Kuruçam Group Members Group Marketing of Strawberry from Kuruçam Grup halinde satışın temelinde pazarlama masraflarını The principal benefit of group marketing is reduction düşürme ve pazarlık gücünü artırmak vardır. Özellikle of marketing cost and strengthening of bargaining küçük ölçekli çiftçiler grup halinde satıştan fayda power. Especially small-scale farmers can receive sağlayabilir.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Locality Record of Caucasian Parsley Frog, Pelodytes Caucasicus Boulenger, 1896 (Amphibia: Anura: Pelodytidae) in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Anatolia
    BIHAREAN BIOLOGIST 7 (1): pp.54-56 ©Biharean Biologist, Oradea, Romania, 2013 Article No.: 131203 http://biozoojournals.3x.ro/bihbiol/index.html A new locality record of Caucasian parsley frog, Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger, 1896 (Amphibia: Anura: Pelodytidae) in the eastern Black Sea region of Anatolia Naşit İĞCİ1,*, Bahadır AKMAN2, Bayram GÖÇMEN2, Adem ADAKUL3 and M. Anıl OĞUZ2 1. Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Proteomics Department, 06100, Tandoğan, Ankara, Turkey 2. Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey 3. Sancak Mah. Rize Cad. Adakul Ap. No: 169, Yomra, Trabzon, Turkey * Corresponding author, N. Iğci, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 1. December 2012 / Accepted: 13. March 2013 / Available online: 23. March 2013 / Printed: June 2013 Abstract. A new locality record for The Caucasian Parsley Frog, Pelodytes caucasicus from Hıdırnebi Plateau (Akçaabat, Trabzon) is presented based on our fieldwork in Black Sea Region in July 2012. Our record is a western range extension of approximately 15 km from the nearest reliable published locality. Key words: Pelodytes caucasicus, Turkey, distribution, morphology, Anura. The genus Pelodytes, which belongs to one of the oldest fami- In this report, we added a new locality record to previously lies of living anurans, includes three species currently recog- known ones for P. caucasicus in Turkey with morphological nized: Pelodytes punctatus (Daudin, 1803) (in western features. Specimens were collected from a very humid forest Europe), Pelodytes ibericus Sánchez-Herráiz, Barbadillo, in the late-afternoon. There were also small ponds and Machordom & Sanchiz, 2000 (in Iberian Peninsula) and Pelo- streams in the biotope.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Multi-Sport Events on the Developmental Dynamics Of
    38 Planlama 2017;27(1):38–56 | doi: 10.14744/planlama.2016.43534 ARTICLE / ARAŞTIRMA The Impact of Multi-Sport Events on the Developmental Dynamics of Cities: the Case of Erzurum, Trabzon and Mersin in Turkey Türkiye’deki Çoklu Spor Organizasyonlarının Kentlerin Gelişimine Etkileri: Erzurum, Trabzon ve Mersin Örnekleri Servet Karaca, Burak Beyhan Department of City and Regional Planning, Mersin University Faculty of Architecture, Mersin, Turkey ABSTRACT ÖZ Nowadays, in Turkey as well as in other parts of the world the ten- Günümüzde, dünyanın başka bölgelerinde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de dency of hosting mega events has increased owing to the employ- de büyük ölçekli etkinliğe ev sahipliği yapma eğilimi, özellikle mar- ment of particularly branding promotion, marketing, and attracting kalaşma, tanıtım, pazarlama ve yatırım fonlarını, yerel ve bölgesel investment funds as a tool for the local and regional development. kalkınmanın bir aracı olarak kullanılmasıyla artmıştır. Bu strateji This strategy has become an important tool of urban and regional sanayisizleşme sorunu yaşayan ülkelerde kentsel ve bölgesel kal- development in the countries suffering from de-industrialization, kınmanın önemli bir aracı haline gelmiştir ve ilgili ülkelerde son and it has been widely used in the respective countries to trigger 30 yıldır ekonomik kalkınmayı tetiklemek için yaygın olarak kul- the economic development for the last 30 years. Some of the cit- lanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de kentlerin bazıları, 2000’li yılların orta- ies in Turkey have been hosting some of these international events sından itibaren bu uluslararası etkinliklere ev sahipliği yapmıştır. since the mid 2000s. Within this context, this study elaborates Bu kapsamda, bu çalışma Türkiye’de son yıllarda gerçekleştirilen the impacts of Erzurum, Trabzon and Mersin multi-sport events Erzurum, Trabzon ve Mersin çoklu-spor etkinliklerinin etkilerini recently hold in Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • New and Interesting Records of Lichens from Turkey
    ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2010. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON doi: 10.5248/114.85 Volume 114, pp. 85–90 October–December 2010 New and interesting records of lichens from Turkey Kadir Kınalıoglu [email protected] Giresun University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology 28049, Giresun, Turkey Abstract—Eight species of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi are reported from the Turkish provinces of Giresun, Samsun, and Trabzon. Four taxa, Dactylospora glaucomarioides, Lecania polycycla, Lecanora thysanophora, and Strigula stigmatella, are new records for Turkey. A short description based on Turkish material is presented for each taxon. Key Words —biota, biodiversity, Konakönü Introduction Studies aiming to determine the lichens of the biota of Turkey have intensified in recent years (e.g. Candan & Özdemir Türk 2008, Halıcı et al. 2007, Kınalıoğlu 2009b, Öztürk & Güvenç 2010, Yazıcı et al. 2010). However large parts of the lichen biota of Turkey are still largely unknown. Until now the number of taxa recorded from different regions of Trabzon province was 518 (John 1995 [and references therein], 1999, 2000, 2002; John & Breuss 2004, John & Nimis 1998, John et al. 2000, Kınalıoğlu 2007b, 2008, Kınalıoğlu & Engin 2004, Yazıcı 1996, 1999, 2006; Yazıcı & Aslan 2002, 2005), and 431 from Giresun province (Aslan et al. 2002, Aslan & Yazıcı 2006, Duman & Yurdakulol 2007, Halıcı & Şenkardeşler 2009, John & Breuss 2004, Kınalıoğlu 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009a, Kınalıoğlu & Engin 2004, Küçük 1990, Özgen et al. 2003, Steiner 1909, Süleyman et al. 2002, Yazıcı 2006, Yazıcı & Aptroot 2008). The lichen biota of Samsun province, with 129 species reported (John et al. 2000, Kınalıoğlu 2007a, Söylemez et al.
    [Show full text]