Adaptation of Ham Traditional Designs As Sources of Motifs for Fabric and Apparelembellishment Using Batik
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
ADAPTATION OF HAM TRADITIONAL DESIGNS AS SOURCES OF MOTIFS FOR FABRIC AND APPARELEMBELLISHMENT USING BATIK BY JOY TWANGH DANLADI MA/ENV-DES/16564/2011-2012 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTEDTO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS (M.A) DEGREEIN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA OCTOBER, 2016 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this M.A dissertation has been written by me and is a record of my own research. It has never been presented in any previous application for the award of a higher degree. All quotations made were indicated by quotation marks or indentations and sources of information were specifically acknowledged by means of references. Joy Twangh DANLADI ___________________ ________________ Signature Date ii CERTIFICATION This dissertation, entitled Adaptation of Ham Traditional Designs as Sources of Motifs for Fabric and Apparel Embellishment using Batik by Danladi Joy Twangh meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Master of Arts in Industrial Design (Textiles) of AhmaduBello University, Zaria, Nigeria and it is approved for its contributions to scientific knowledge and literary presentation. __________________________________ _____________ Prof. G. W. Bako Date Chairman, Supervisory Committee Department of Industrial Design ________________________________ _____________ Dr. S. A. Dustenwai Date Member, Supervisory Committee ________________________________ _____________ Dr. V. Alkali Date Head of Department ________________________________ _____________ Prof. KabirBala Date Dean, Schoolof Postgraduate Studies iii DEDICATION With gratitude to the almighty God I dedicate this dissertation to my loving brother Godwin NyamDanladi and my grandfather Pa Anthony NganHayi. Continue to rest in the bosom of the lord, till we meet to part no more! iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Glory be to GOD, the Most Holy, for giving me the grace and strength in accomplishing this study. I sincerely appreciate all the people the Lord has used in one way or the other to contribute to the success of this study. I am deeply grateful to my parent Mr. and Mrs. Danladi B. Anthony for their tireless support, patience and encouragement, the Chairman of my supervisory Committee, Prof. G. W. Bako, for all his constructive suggestions, academic guidance and criticisms in shaping and reshaping this work. Similarly, my unalloyed appreciation goes to my second supervisor and mentor, Dr. S. A. Dustenwai for his tireless support and encouragement. I am deeply grateful to Dr. V. Alkali, the HOD Industrial Design, for his support and encouragement towards the success of this research. The PG coordinator Dr. Eric Opoku, is equally acknowledged for the academic leadership and the encouragement he gave to this research. The contribution of other lecturers like the immediate past HOD Prof. Maiwada, Dr. Waziri and the contributions of fellow students too many to be mentioned are sincerely acknowledged. I am also grateful to my siblings Anthonia, Patricia, Christiana and Elizabeth for all their trust, prayers and encouragement. To my uncles HumphryNchom, Ezra U. Kure and Hassan F. Hyat, I say thank you for all your contributions encouragement and supports To Rev. Frs. Daniel Kyom, Michael Pius Kagarko, IstifanusMakoshiKatung, Raymond EcheOgboji, Christopher James, Alfred Mamman, Joshua Achir and Emmanuel Opara, I say thank you for all your encouragement, prayers and support. All staff of the Ham Museum Nok, I say thank you for your time and patience as you took your time to explain the history of the Ham people. Also, I say a big thank you to all the districts heads I visited. In conclision, I appreciate all those that contributed in one way or the other towards the successful completion of this study, thank you and God bless. v ABSTRACT The problem of this study is that of the selection, documentation, explanation and preservation of some of the traditional designs found on the artifacts of the Ham People of Kaduna State and adapting them for contemporary use on fabric using Batik Technique of fabric embellishment. The general objective of the study is to select and adapt traditional designs on the artifacts of Ham People and adapt them for use as motifs on contemporary batik resist fabric for embellishment, thereby ensuring the sustainability of such motifs. The purposes of the study are: to identify the traditional artifacts of the Ham people and the design motifs on them and to extract some of these motifs and adapt them onto fabrics using batik technique of textile decoration. The study adopts survey method for data collection to obtain relevant information from the subjects in the sample area as suggested by Adetoro (1997). Exploratory approach and product development (R&D) was used for sourcing for designs on artifacts as suggested by Itten (1997). Other parameters of investigation used in exploratory methodology include population of the study, sampling, pilot study and experiments for adaptation of designs to textile fabrics using resist techniques. Three survey instruments were used in the study. The first one which is a questionnaire (Appendix II) was used for pilot study and thesecond one Appendix III (A) interview was used for collecting data of the fifty traditional motifs. The third one (Appendix III B questionnaire) was used for the assessment of the resist pieces of fabric produced from the modified traditional design motifs extracted from the artifacts of the Ham People for comparison with those produced within the recent period. This was done by presenting the twenty five selected motifs to some randomly selected respondents, comprising of Ham youths and adults based in Zaria. The comparative assessment questionnaire is a five Likert scaled instrument. Based on the analysis of the study, the following findings were made: 1.The production of traditional artifacts of the Ham people is on the downward trend.2. Ten different crafts are still being practiced by the Ham people (mostly old people and only on request)3. The traditional artifacts of the Ham people have symbolic motifs with traditional names and can be adapted on textile fabrics, using the batik technique of fabric decoration.4. Cultural and environmental factors such as festivals, annual cultural day celebrations, naming ceremonies, marriages, burial, initiation rites and aesthetic values are guiding the use of the traditional Ham design motifs.5. Vat dyes are quite suitable for the practical adaptation of the Ham design motifs on fabrics and apparel using the batik technique. The general conclusion is that although the production of artifacts in Ham land is on the downward trend, it is still being practiced withsymbolic motifs that are adaptable on fabrics using resist dying techniques. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page ........................................................................................................................................ i Declaration ..................................................................................................................................... ii Certification .................................................................................................................................. iii Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ v Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ xi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. xiii List of Plates ............................................................................................................................... xiv List of Appendices ....................................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background of Study ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Brief Introduction to Kaduna State .................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Brief Introduction to the Ham People ................................................................................ 3 1.2 Statement of Problem ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Aims and Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................... 4 1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................................................ 4 1.5 Justification ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.6 Significance