La Oralidad En Los Tráilers De Películas De Disney

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La Oralidad En Los Tráilers De Películas De Disney TRABAJO FINAL DE GRADO EN TRADUCCIÓN E INTERPRETACIÓN TREBALL FINAL DE GRAU EN TRADUCCIÓ I INTERPRETACIÓ Departament de Traducció i Comunicació TÍTULO La oralidad en los tráilers de películas de Disney Autora: Cristina Giner González Tutor: José Luis Martí Ferriol Fecha de lectura: junio de 2015 2 Resumen: En este trabajo se analiza la oralidad en el doblaje de cuatro tráilers de la factoría Disney: Toy Story (1995), Aladdín (1992), Frozen, el reino del hielo (2013) y Big Hero 6 (2014). Los dos primeros tráilers pertenecen a la época de 1990 y, los dos siguientes, con la época actual. La llamada “oralidad prefabricada” es una característica común en el doblaje al español de textos audiovisuales que busca acercar el discurso presente en los textos audiovisuales al lenguaje oral. De este modo, se busca la similitud del lenguaje utilizado por los personajes al lenguaje oral real y cotidiano. Es decir, se pretende conseguir unos diálogos creíbles y verosímiles que no distraigan al espectador de la historia y que establezcan un vínculo con el público. Analizaremos dicha oralidad basándonos en los cuatro niveles del lenguaje: nivel prosódico, nivel morfológico, nivel sintáctico y nivel léxico-semántico. Además, también realizaremos un estudio diacrónico comparando las dos parejas de tráilers seleccionados y comproba remos qué aspectos han cambiado en cuanto a la oralidad en este tipo de tráilers. Además, en el apartado teórico, justificaremos la pertenencia del tráiler al género publicitario, puesto que estas pequeñas películas no son más que el objeto mediante el cual promociona un producto concreto, una película, en este caso. Palabras clave: Tráiler, doblaje, oralidad, Disney, publicidad 3 4 ÍNDICE Resumen ........................................................................................................................... 3 Palabras clave ................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................ 7 Motivación personal...................................................................................................... 7 Objetivos ....................................................................................................................... 7 Pregunta de investigación ............................................................................................. 8 Estructura ...................................................................................................................... 8 Objeto de estudio .......................................................................................................... 8 PRIMERA PARTE: REVISIÓN TEÓRICA .................................................................. 11 Capítulo 1: El tráiler como texto publicitario ............................................................. 11 1.1. Definición de tráiler ..................................................................................... 11 1.2. El tráiler como elemento publicitario ........................................................... 11 1.3. Tipos de tráilers ............................................................................................ 12 Capítulo 2: El doblaje ................................................................................................. 15 2.1. Definiciones ................................................................................................. 15 2.2. La oralidad en los textos audiovisuales. ....................................................... 16 Capítulo 3: La factoría Disney .................................................................................... 19 3.1. El doblaje de las películas Disney ................................................................ 19 SEGUNDA PARTE: ANÁLISIS PRÁCTICO .............................................................. 23 Capítulo 4: Metodología de la investigación y objeto de estudio ............................... 23 4.1. Procedimiento............................................................................................... 23 4.2. Fases de la investigación .............................................................................. 23 4.3. Marco analítico ............................................................................................. 24 4.4. Justificación de la selección del corpus........................................................ 27 4.5. Ficha de análisis ........................................................................................... 28 Capítulo 5: Análisis del corpus ................................................................................... 29 Capítulo 6: Resultados y conclusiones ....................................................................... 41 Capítulo 7: Bibliografía .............................................................................................. 45 ANEXOS ........................................................................................................................ 49 Anexo 1: Fichas de doblaje de los tráilers del corpus ................................................. 49 Anexo 2: Transcripción de los diálogos de los tráilers del corpus ............................. 61 Anexo 3: Análisis completo de los diálogos ............................................................... 76 5 6 INTRODUCCIÓN Motivación personal Hemos decidido dedicar el presente trabajo de fin de grado a la traducción publicitaria, concretamente, se va a estudiar la oralidad en los tráilers de películas Disney. En primer lugar, hemos escogido los tráilers de películas porque se trata de un tema bastante novedoso y original que no se suele tratar con mucha frecuencia en los trabajos de fin de grado. En un tráiler se debe resumir la trama de la película en uno o dos minutos y tratar de captar la atención del espectador para que se plantee ver la película. Sin duda, es un género para dedicar un análisis de este tipo. Además, trataremos la consideración del tráiler como texto publicitario. En concreto, el trabajo se centrará en los tráilers de algunas películas de la factoría Disney, ya que la autora del trabajo es una gran fan de estas películas y se siente especialmente cómoda y motivada trabajando con estas películas. Finalmente, se ha optado por hacer especial hincapié en la oralidad porque es una de las partes del temario de la asignatura de doblaje que más interés despierta en los alumnos. Objetivos El propósito principal de este trabajo es analizar la oralidad en el doblaje de los tráilers de una selección de películas de Disney según los cuatro niveles de la lengua: nivel prosódico, nivel morfológico, nivel sintáctico y nivel léxico-semántico. Por otro lado, los objetivos secundarios serán el análisis del tráiler como texto publicitario. Finalmente, realizaremos un análisis diacrónico de la oralidad de los tráilers, teniendo en cuenta dos décadas separadas en el tiempo por unos 20 años, para observar si se ha producido alguna evolución notable en este aspecto. 7 Pregunta de investigación Por medio del análisis de la oralidad en los cuatro tráilers seleccionados, trataremos de responder a la principal pregunta de investigación: ¿se ha respetado la oralidad en los cuatro tráilers que forman el corpus? Por otro lado, como dos clips pertenecen a la década de 1990 y los otros dos, a la época actual, también nos plantearemos otra pregunta adicional: ¿ha cambiado en los últimos veinte años algún aspecto de la oralidad de las películas de Disney? Estructura El presente trabajo de fin de grado está estructurado en 7 capítulos estructurados en dos partes bien diferenciadas: la revisión teórica y el análisis práctico. En el primer capítulo se explicará qué es un tráiler y qué tipos existen, así como su pertenencia al ámbito publicitario. En el segundo capítulo, nos centraremos en definir el doblaje como modalidad de traducción audiovisual y haremos especial hincapié en la oralidad. Finalmente, en el tercer capítulo, haremos un recorrido por la historia del doblaje al español de las películas de Disney. En el análisis práctico, en el capítulo 4, presentaremos la metodología de la investigación, que engloba las fases del trabajo, el marco analítico, la justificación del corpus seleccionado y la ficha de análisis. En el capítulo 5, procederemos a redactar el análisis del corpus propiamente dicho a partir del modelo de fichas de análisis presentadas en el capítulo anterior. El capítulo 6 recogerá las conclusiones y los resultados obtenidos en el análisis del corpus, y se intentará dar respuesta a las dos preguntas de investigación planteadas. Finalmente, en el capítulo 7, se presentará la bibliografía consultada para la realización del trabajo. Inmediatamente después, se incluirán los anexos. Objeto de estudio Los tráilers seleccionados se corresponden con las películas Toy Story (1995), Aladdín (1992), Frozen (2013) y Big Hero 6 (2014). Las cuatro son películas de animación de la factoría Disney ampliamente conocidas y dobladas al español 8 peninsular. Las dos primeras películas forman parte de los llamados clásicos Disney, puesto que pertenecen a la década de 1990. Los dos restantes pertenecen a la etapa actual de Disney. 9 10 PRIMERA PARTE: REVISIÓN TEÓRICA Capítulo 1: El tráiler como texto publicitario 1.1. Definición de tráiler Un tráiler es un texto audiovisual breve compuesto por distintas escenas, aunque no siempre, de una misma película, que ofrecen una idea general de la trama
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