4130 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 tenti~y of the United States of America to FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION IN THE ARMY 'Great Britain. Francis c. Turner, of Virginia, to be Ad­ The following-named officers under the Jacob D. Beam, of New Jersey, a Foreign ministrator of the Federal Highway Admin­ provisions of title ll), United States Code, sec­ Services Officer of the class of career minister. istration. tion 3066, to be assigned to positions of im­ to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni­ DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION portance and responsibility designated by the potentiary of the United States of America President under subsection (a) of section to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Secor D. Browne, of Massachusetts, to be an Assistant Secretary of Transportation. 3066, in grades as follows: John S. D. Eisenhower, of Pennsylvania, to To be general be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipo­ INTERSTATE CO_MMERCE COMMISSION tentiary of the United States of America to Donald L. Jackson, of California, to be an Lt. Gen. Ferdinand Joseph Chesarek, Belgium. Interstate Commerce Commissioner for the 021177, Army of the United States (major U.S. DISTRICT JUDGE remainder of the term expiring December 31, general, U.S. Army). James F. Battin, of Montana, to be U.S. 1973, vice Grant E. Syphers, deceased. To be lieutenant general district judge for the district of Montana DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Maj. Gen. William Eugene DePuy, 034710, vice William J. Jameson. Eugene T. Rossides, of New York, to be an Army of the United States (brigadier general, SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. U.S. Army). IN THE NAVY Hilary J. Sandoval, Jr~. of Texas, to be Ad­ UNITED NATIONS ministrator of the Small Business Adminis­ Lt. Gen. Harry Jacob Lemley, Jr., 019756, Having designated Rear Adm. Edwin B. tration. Army of the United States (major general, Hooper, U.S. Navy for commands and other DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN U.S. Army), for appointment as senior U.S. duties determined by the President to be DEVELOPMENT Army member of the Military Staff Commit­ within the contemplation of title 10, United Lawrence M. Cox, of Virginia, to be an As­ tee of the United Nations, under the pro­ States Code, section 5231, I nominate him sistant Secretary of Housing and Urban De­ visions of title 10, United States Code, sec­ for appointment to the grade of vice admiral velopment. tion 711. while so serving.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

SUPPORT FOR ENDING POSTAL Both Nixon and the Postmaster General But bolder action is called for. A presiden­ PATRONAGE insisted that politics would play no role in tial commission headed by the former presi­ the choice among the three highest candi­ dent of the American Telephone and Tele­ dates for postal positions. They also said that graph Company recommended that a semi­ HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER no member of Congress--or politician­ private organization operate the postal sys­ would be called upon to recommend which of tem, simila.r to the corporation which oper­ OF WISCONSIN the top-scoring candidates should be selected. ates the communication satellites. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The White House, it is claimed, will sub­ We believe that Mr. Blount and the Nixon Wednesday, February 19, 1969 mit nominations on the basis of its own non­ administration seriously consider the com­ political decisions. mission's recommendations in the months Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. Announcements by the President and the ahead. Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ Postmaster General must be taken at their New efficiencies are needed. Better postal marks in the REcORD, I include the fol­ face value. service is needed. Lower postal :rates are lowing: We still are convinced that Rep. William A. incumbent. Only through better organiza­ Steiger of the 6th District should continue tion, utilizing the principles of sound busi­ [From the Fond du Lac (Wis.) Common­ to press for enactment of his proposed legis­ ness practices can we hope to save the post wealth Reporter, Feb. 6, 1969] lation to do away with the present require­ office from its almost certain disastrous fate. AT LEAST A START ment that the Senate confirm nominations If it is true that "mail moves the coun­ There are so many things wrong with the for postmasterships. · try." then for the sake of the country, we United States postal service that even a small had better solve the postal problem without semblance of effort to improve it and meet [WHBL editorial, Feb.lO, 1969] delay. some of its problems is more than welcome ENDING POSTAL PATRONAGE by the general patronizing public. President Richard Nixon announced last [WTMJ-TV editorial, Feb. 6, 1969] President Nixon, at his press conference Wednesday immediate removal of all post- It used to be in the changeover of occu­ Wednesday, announced that effective imme­ pants at the White House that "to the vic­ diately, all postmasterships will be removed master and rural mail carrier appointments tors belong the spoils." President Nixon is from the political patronage system. The from political patronage. Such appointments modifying this to the extent that it involves President said it was a historic decision to previously have been made through a system postoffice patronage. Up until now the jobs eliminate political considerations which he involving political favoritism. of postmasters and rural carriers have been claimed have . been traditionally considered For several years, WHBL has editorialized handed out with political considerations up­ in the election of postmasters since the in favor of Nixon's recent action. Several permost in mind. The system, in recent years, earliest days of the Republic. congressmen and senators from Wisconsin, has been the target of attack by both Repub­ Postmaster Gen. Winton M. Blount par­ including Rep. William A. Steiger of the Sixth licans and Democrats. The elimination of the ticipated in the Nixon press conference at District, have introduced legisla-tion which spoils system in the postoffice has had strong which it was claimed that, when future would have accomplished the same goal. bipartisan support among Wisconsin con­ vacancies occur for postmasterships or rural The President, making the announcement gressmen. carrier jobs, "The best qualified candidates jointly with the Postmaster General, Winton Actually, the appointments throughout the will be appointed, regardless of politics­ Blount, said that under "an historic new years have caused many a headache. Here indeed without anyone even asking the postal policy" such appointments would be in Wisconsin last June five officers of the candidates' political affiliation." made under open examinations with the top Marinette county Democratic executive com­ It is strange that rural carriers should be qualifiers getting the jobs. mittee resigned because they thought the included in the political patronage business, It takes a certain amount of courage for wrong Democrat got the job of postmaster at but the records of county party committees, the political party in power to divest itself of Marinette. Only recently former Lieut-Gov­ including Fond du Lac, are filled with copies the spoils of office, and all thinking Ameri­ ernor Pat Lucey told Dodge County Demo­ of letters suggesting donations on behalf of cans should recognize the integrity which crats that they should be "thankful for one the higher-ranking candidates for every­ the Nixon Administration has exhibited by small blessing that comes to us out of Presi­ thing from postmasterships and rural mail so doing. dent Nixon's inaugural. We (meaning the carriers to the lesser of all positions-the But there is more than political power in­ D~mocrats) are freed of all responsibility janitor at the post office. volved. The U.S. Postal system is in deep for postoffice patronage." We suppose there is nothing to prevent trouble. Inefficiencies have crept into the Well, the Republicans are now, too, be­ senators and representatives and county organization over the years. Bureaucratic cause of Nixon's action. The President has party chairmen from writing a letter of troubles have increased as the demand for ordered the civil service commission to con­ recommendation for a candidate under the more postal services has grown. Postal rates duct open competitive examinations for job new "policy." have skyrocketed in recent years with no vacancies and to fill them solely on merit. In all job vacancies.involved the three top end in sight. Furthermore, Postmaster-General Blount is scorers only will be considered after open, By selecting the most competent men to recommending new legislation to remove the competitive civil service examinations, as is serve as postmasters, at least some of these requirement that the senate confirm post­ supposed to be the case with all career fed­ problems can be tackled. It is a step in the master appointments. President Nixon and eral positions, the postmaster general said. right direction. Postmaster Blount are instituting business- February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 413l like practices to a government department and there is now no prospect of a military ing ways to permit and expedite mf'.s­ that is in dire need of being run like a busl· decision without great new military ex­ sive infusions of relief in the immediate ness, instead of being a haven for political lackeys. ertions. The outCOIDe of these exertions, future. I can see no value in doubting should they now be forthcoming, will the good faith of either side on this criti­ clearly be a major determinant of how cal question at this critical moment. NIGERIA AND BIAFRA the differences between Nigeria and Bi­ The world will be waiting to see which afra are ultimately resolved, but unless side, if either fails, by delay, pretext, or massive quantities of relief get into the evasion to live up to these assurances. HON. ALLARD K. LOWENSTEIN afilicted area in the meantime, this ul­ We can meanwhile express our gratitude OF NEW YORK timate solution may well be the final one to the Government of the Republic of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for a great many people, who may by Dahomey for allowing relief flights to then be dead from starvation. So I think operate from its territory. If the Da­ Wednesday, February 19, 1969 it would be most irresponsible to suggest homey Government had not responded Mr. LOWENSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I that there is no need to press for emer­ with such compassion and wisdom, the have just concluded my second journey gency relief efforts pending military slack caused by the sad decision of the within 6 weeks to Nigeria and Biafra. developments. Government of Equatorial Guinea to Until now, I have refrained from pub­ Fourth. On the other hand, the un­ cancel rather precipitately such flights lic discussions of these trips and of my happy legacies and memories of colonial­ from its territory would have had tragic impressions of the situation there, in ism make interventions by Western or consequences for countless additional the hope that I might thus be able to white governments or groups, however people. be more helpful in the effort to increase nobly intentioned, precarious, at best, Eighth. The attitude of the new ad­ the flow of food and drugs into the af­ and potentially quite harmful if these in­ ministration on these questions has been flicted areas. The effort to increase the terventions should appear to be in pur­ most encouraging. The Government of flow of relief must remain a primary suit of particular political or military the United States can do much to ease concern of men of good will, and since results. suffering. Our resources and skills should that problem-the problem of finding Ultimately, the matters at issue will be more deeply committed. Our good new ways of getting relief in-is still at have to be worked out by the people of offices should be available. a critical point, I will limit comments the area involved. The magnificent efforts of Carita.s, today to these general observations: Fifth. Nigeria and B;afra are now Nordchurch Aid, and the International First. The charge that the Federal much too far apart to hope that accept­ Committee of the Red Cross have shown Military Government of Nigeria is en­ able conditions can be found for an early that private citizens and voluntary or­ gaged in a campaign of willful genocide truce or cease-fire, let alone for negotia­ ganizations are capable of heroic efforts cannot be sustained. The fear of geno­ tions that might avert further efforts to to meet great needs. cide among many Biafrans, however, is achieve a military resolution to the But the need is clearly too great to be very deep, and is reinforced by continued conflict. met by private citizens and voluntary bombings which inflict heavy civilian We may all continue to hope for de­ organizations alone. The policies and casualties on what can only be described velopments that will make steps toward energies of the great international or­ as a random basis not visibly connected peace possible at the earliest possible ganizations-the U.N., the Common­ to military considerations. The effect of date. But the fact is that the best hope wealth, the OAU, OCAM-as well as these bombings, in addition to feeding at this time for decreasing suffering and those of the Governments of the United fears of genocide in Biafra, has been to avoiding greater tragedies lies in the ef­ States, the United Kingdom, and other stiffen the general will to resist. This is fort to find ways to bring in relief which concerned countries, should now be co­ not, perhaps, a surprising reaction in are not dependent on truce, cease-fire, or ordinated to bring about the immediate view of similar experiences elsewhere. successful negotiations for an end to the acceptance and implementation of a second. Suffering in Biafra and in the conflict. massive emergency relief program. war-torn areas of Nigeria is acute. On Sixth. In this connection, the outpour­ We are at the point where the next the Nigerian side of the front lines, re­ ing of compassion and concern among fortnight will tell whether the appalling lief operations have been relatively people around the world is gratifying specter of enormous additional numbers effective in easing the problem of star­ and helpful. It would be an appalling of people needlessly dead from and crip­ vation. The authorities in Lagos have indictment of the human race were there pled by hunger and disease is to hang generously cooperated with relief work­ not such concern. The great response of over the rest of this century. ers who have sought to make food and children and students to the suffering of The intricacies of finding a way to get medical supplies available to those in faraway contemporaries is especially food in to the afflicted areas can be re­ need regardless of tribal origin or polit­ heartwarming. solved if t!le forces of good will in and out ical viewpoint. On the Biafran side, the In fact, this outpouring of compassion of Nigeria and Biafra join in the deter­ acute protein famine of last summer, and concern can provide the most hope­ mination to resolve them. I cannot be­ which caused somewhat more than a ful antidote to expanding tragedy, if it lieve that this will not be done in view half million deaths, has been eased, but leads to intelligent, informed, concerted of what is at stake. the overall food situation continues to action by men of good will here and else­ deteriorate. Carbohydrate deficiencies where. But this action should now be will reach catastrophic proportions in concentrated on the proper-and ur­ the near future as the last of the seed THE 51ST ANNIVERSARY OF LITHU­ gent-effort to implement programs ANIAN INJEPENDENCE yams and ca.savas are consumed, and that will ease the suffering of the civilian there is in fact no prospect that internal victims of the war, not futile efforts to food production in Biafra will be able impose political solutions on Nigerians HON. GERALD R. FORD to meet more than a third of the need or Biafrans. OF MICHIGAN of the population now residing in Biafra. The notion that it is somehow racist IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That population can reasonably be esti­ for white people to be concerned about mated at over 7 million people. starvation in Biafra puts the situation Wednesday, February 19, 1969 Third. Whatever the ultimate political precisely backward; it would be the ab­ Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, or military resolution of the conflict, to sence of such concern that in fact would I am pleased to add my voice to those of await such a resolution as the best way be racist. To say that because the people my colleagues who this week have spoken to cope with the relief problem is to in­ starving are black it is no one's business in honor of the 51st anniversary of Lith­ vite into existence an enormous grave­ except other people who are black, would uanian independence. yard which must haunt the conscience be a most pernicious kind of racism. Lithuania is a proud nation, and the of the world and dominate the future of Seventh. From their public state­ Lithuanians are a proud people. Every the area. ments-and private assurances-the day that the Lithuanian people are de­ The battle lines have in fact, been Governments of Nigeria and Biafra nied the freedom and independence they largely stabilized for several months, must be assumed to be dedicated to find- once enjoyed is a cause for shame. ~132 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 It was in February 1261, more than They are not concerned about how their is aimed directly at the area of greatest seven centuries ago, that Lithuania was freedoms affect others. Many times the limits concern: The continuing unsolicited established as an. independent state. It of freedom are described thus: your freedom mailings to our young people. to swing your arm stops just short of the end In trying to curb the flow of smut, I was on February 16, 1918, after centuries of my nose. This means nothing to growing of independence, that the Lithuanians numbers of young people. They think lt is feel it is essential that the law spells out broke the bonds of Russian domination their right to be able to destroy public and in detail exactly what type of material and German occupation and declared private property, hold public officials and is objectionable and should be banned their nation free and independent. demand exemption from the laws. Their from the mails. Such standards are a But in June 1940, in direct violation of freedoms are one-sided. If the freedoms they vital feature of my bill. a treaty with Lithuania, the SOviet Union expect were granted for all, there would be The Federal antipandering law, which anarchy. But anarchy results in elimination occupied the Baltic States. Ever since of rights and protections. Freedom can only originated in our committee, has been in then the Lithuanians have been forced exist within the bounds of regulations. Free­ operation nearly a year, and has proven to live under the SOviet yoke. dom must be restricted or there can be no its worth in giving recipients of such mail Mr. Speaker, Americans of Lithuanian freedom for the majority. a way in which to halt further solicita­ extraction are among our most patriotic These facts are ignored by those idealistic tions. and industrious citizens. Let us join with and impractical youths who have known Since last April, the Department has them in the hope that Lithuanians again nothing but freedom. This generation raised received nearly 170,000 complaints about will see their mother country free-and in permissiveness can not see beyond their material which the recipients considered own desires. To them, freedom is theirs. They independent, as she deserves to be. fail to see the situation from a practical to be of the smut variety. standpoint. What would happen if these Acting on these complaints, the De­ so-called freedoms were given to all? partment was able to order the removal These individuals have failed to see what of names from the mailing lists, under FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE freedom is. Freedom is not a golden god to be threat of referral of individual cases to worshiped. It is a tool. A tool with which we the Justice Department. can improve ourselves, our society and our What we aim to do in the legislation I world. But like all tools it can also be used am introducing today is to stop un­ HON. E. Y. BERRY as an instrument of destruction as well as OF SOUTH DAKOTA construction. solicited mailings to minors at their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Freedom can be easily compared to atomic source. Certainly, my proposal should energy in this sense. The atom used for peace provide a strong deterrent to random Thursday, February 20, 1969 has practically no limits on what it can do. mailings to homes. · Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, under leave It can power our cities, light and heat our to extend my remarks, I wish to insert homes, create mutants for greater produc­ tivity and on and on the list goes. But as a in the RECORD the prize-winning speech NOW IT'S ROTC THEY'RE AFTER tool of destruction it is also unparalleled in delivered by William Jockheck in the its potential. South Dakota Voice of Democracy Con­ So it is with freedom. Properly used in HON. BILL NICHOLS test. moderation, with respect for the rights of It is refreshing and encouraging to others and not just our rights, freedom and OF ALABAMA know that there are young people like democracy can lead to peaks of prosperity IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bill who cherish our American freedom and peace, but if freedom is only taken, with­ Thursday, February 20, 1969 out respect to responsibility, it can be just and accept the responsibilities that ac­ as destructive as any bomb. Those who want Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, college company it. It is a welcome contrast to freedom without responsibility have failed. campuses across our great country are to­ the radical demonstrators on college They will turn freedom into a destructive day being disrupted by students who campuses who demand complete freedom, force. But to take freedom and willingly ac­ think they are better qualified to run the without regard for the interests of others cept its responsibilities, to use it in appro­ schools than experienced administrators and without any regulations. priate moderation, with respect for others, this is freedoms challenge. are. These militants represent only a I urge my colleagues to read Bill small minority of the total number of Jockheck's speech which follows: students in our colleges. The great ma­ FREEDoM's CHALLENGE jority of our college students are sincere, We have just come from a field of battle. PUTTING CURBS ON MAILINGS OF hard-working young people who are try­ In that battle we have selected a president. PORNOGRAPIDC MATTER TO ing to prepare themselves for the future. But in this regular phenomenon there is MINORS But in many places, these students have something singularly unusual. That is the had their education disrupted and de­ field on which the battle is fought, a back­ ground of freedom with a structure of de­ HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI layed for months by those who are mor e mocracy. OF NEW YORK intent on promoting discord and violence. This field is of great value but members IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES One of the many issues which these of my generation are losing sight of just militants use as an excuse for their how valuable and how dangerous such a Thursday, February 20, 1969 anarchy is the Reserve Officers Training field can be. The last two generations know Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, our Com­ Corps. Students and faculty members all too well the cost of freedom, and in their mittee on Post Office and Civil Service alike have raised opposition to military struggles to preserve it they saw it as a glowing gift, an end in itself, to hand to has been working diligently in its effort training at our colleges, and in many in­ their children. to deal with the continuing problem of stances, have succeeded in having ROTC But he knows not freedom whose freedom obscene material that is being sent eliminated from the curriculum. has not been threatened. Freedom means through the mails, particularly to our As one who received a commission not hing lest those having it be threatened young people. through ROTC, I am a strong supporter with its loss. It is only in this way one can The Congress has enacted legislation to of this program. It distresses me to see know the meaning of freedom. Just as one deal with this difficult matter, but it is it being devalued as a means of supply­ does not know the meaning of hunger until clear that further action is necessary. ing our military services with trained and h e has been starving; one does not know the meaning of freedom until he has been with­ I am introducing a proposal today educated officers. I intend to continue to out it. which I am convinced will provide tighter support our ROTC program, and I sin­ Thus today, the threat to freedom is not control over the mailing of objectionable cerely hope that other Members of Con­ from without so much as from within. Since material to minors. gress will publicly express their support. my generation has known nothing but free­ My bill will impose a stricter ban on The Talladega Daily Home is also con­ dom, we take it for granted. What is worse, the use of the mails, in any way, for the cerned about this matter, and I would many keep grabbing for more and more of solicit ation, sale, delivery or distribution like to insert in the RECORD a copy of an t heir so-called freedoms. They want freedom editorial which appeared in tha.t paper from morals, freedom from work, freedom of pornographic material to a minor. from laws. The same ban would apply on mailings recently: These individuals can be seen in demon­ to any person with whom a minor resides. Now IT's ROTC THEY'RE AFTER strations from coast to coast. Somehow, they This new authority to the Post Office The rabblerousers are now taking off after believe they deserve complete freedom. Department, with enforcement provision, the Reserve Officers Training Corps. February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS (1133 Not satisfied with all they have been pro­ "I-me an lndivldua.l, a committee of one. THE PLOT AGAINST DEFENSE testing and demonstrating about on the "Pledge-dedicate all of my worldly goods campuses, some of the screwball students to give without self-pity. and faculty members are now challenging the "Allegiance-my love and my devotion. HON. JOHN R. RARICK ROTC, the organiZation that has done so well "To the flag-our standard, Old Glory, a OF LOUISIANA through the years in providing officer mate­ symbol of freedom; wherever she waves, there rial to the Army, Navy and Air Force. is respect because your loyalty has given her IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This year, for example, there are more than a dignity that shouts freedom is everybody's Wednesday, February 19, 1969 270,000 men enrolled in the corps program. job. More than 330 colleges are participating. "Of the United--that means that we have Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, when a Under this program the Army will be sup­ all come together. small militant group of malcontents can plied. with 50 per cent of its officers, 35 per "States-individual communities that have become so brazen as to plot against our cent of the Navy's and 30 per cent of the Air united into 48 great states; 48 individual Government defending its own people Force's. communities with pride and dignity and pur­ from destruction, one wonders if treason Students who sign up for ROTC and who pose, all divided with imaginary boundaries, and genocide are any less actionable be­ finish the program are commissioned. In the yet united to common purpose, and that's cause the culprits are scholars, ministers, Army they serve two years. In the Navy three love for country. and in the Air Force four years. By taking "And to the republic-republic, a state in or officials? military training while in college the boys which sovereign power is invested in repre­ Whose purpose do they serve? succeed in getting a better education and the sentatives chosen by the people to govern; I include a column by Alice Widener military has a steady source of officer mate­ and government is the people and it's froin from Human Events for February 22, rtal. Those who sign for the Air Force pay a the people to the leaders, not from the lead­ penalty in that they must serve four years, ers to the people. 1969, as follows: whereas if they had volunteered the term "For which it stands. MARcH 4 STRIKE PRoPosED: THE Pl.o'l"I'ING would have been much shorter, but also as "One nation-the nation, meaning, so AGAINST OUR MILITARY DEFENSES a private. Proportionately, the same is true blessed by God. (By Alice Widener) of the other services. "Indivisible-incapable of being divided. Acting together in a plot, a leftist group of Military officials are pooh-poohing the pro­ "With liberty-which is freedom and the graduate students and professors, at Massa­ testors. They are "beatniks", the military right of power to live one's own life without chusetts Institute of Technology in Cam­ folks say. However, college officials and stu­ threats, or fear or some sort of retaliation. bridge and elsewhere, is trying to organize a dents should be on the alert to spot organized "And justice-the principle or quality of nationwide strike of scientists and engineers, opposition to the ROTC for it borders on the dealing fairly with others. March 4, 1969, against our military forces opposition to the Vietnam war demonstra­ "For all-which means, boys, and girls, and the industrial corporations that con­ tions, and there seems to be a tinge of Com­ it's as much your country as it is mine. struct our military defenses. The aim of the mun ~st leanings. Let's wat ch it. "And now, boys and girls, let me hear you plot is to set our scientists and engineers recite the Pledge of Allegiance: against the military and the policies o! the "I pledge allegiance to the :flag of the U.S. government. United States of America and to the repub­ lic for which it stands, one nation, indivis­ The octopus-like tentacles of the plotters RED SKELTON EXPLAINS OUR ible, with liberty and justice for all." reach from the Office of the MIT Provost, Dr. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE Jerome Wiesner, former science adviser to Since I was a small boy, two states have President Kennedy and longtime advocate of been added to our country and two words U.S. unilateral disarmament, to universities HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI have been added to the Pledge of Allegiance: throughout our nation, to the Fund !or the "Under God." Wouldn't it be a pity if some­ Republic's leftist Center for the Study of OF NEW YORK one said, "That's a prayer" and that would Democratic Institutions at Santa Barbara, be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eliminated from schools, too? Calif., to the marble halls Of the United Thursday, February 20, 1969 States Senate and Supreme Court. On Jan. 10, 1969, the following letter was Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, how often sent to top scientists, researchers, professors it is that we let the significance of famil­ L. CPL. BOBBY D. ROGERS KILLED and corporation engineers throughout our iar words escape us temporarily. IN VIETNAM nation: On one of his recent television pro­ ''SCIENCE ACTION COORDINATING grams, Red Skelton, one of the world's COMMITTEE, MASSACHUSETTS IN­ great clowns, gave a pointed example HON. CLARENCE D. LONG STITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, which he recalled from his childhood. OF MARYLAND Cambridge, Mass., January 10, 1969. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "DEAR FRIEND: As a scientist and an active This wonderful story, told with all the worker for peace you will be pleased to know emphasis and sincerity which Mr. Skel­ Thursday, February 20, 1969 that a group Of faculty members and stu­ ton can muster whether he be comical or dents at MIT are organizing against the cur­ serious, gives real meaning to the words Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, rent trend towards increasing military in­ we all know so well, that comprise our L. Cpl. Bobby Dale Rogers, an outstand­ volvement in scientific research. For this pur­ Pledge of Allegiance. ing young man from Maryland, was pose, the Science Action Co-ordinating Com­ Even in printed form, the Skelton killed recently in Vietnam. I wish to mittee has been formed and has received story has impact and is worthy of repeti­ commend his courage and honor his wide-spread support in the scientific com­ tion-including his pointed closing com­ memory by including the following ar­ munity at MIT and elsewhere. ticle in the RECORD: "We have set aside a day, March 4th, to be­ ment. gin a vigorous involvement with these issues The text of Red Skelton's explana­ L. CPL. BOBBY D. ROGERS KlLLED BY VIET and during that day we propose that scien­ tion on his January 14 program was re­ LAND MINE tists and engineers at MIT and elsewhere, printed in the February 15 TV Topics Marine Lance Cpl. Bobby Dale Rogers, a pause in their normal research activities and supplement of the Buffalo, N.Y., Evening former honor student at Glen Burnie High join us for a day Of critical discussion and News, as follows: School, has been killed in combat in Viet­ self-evaluation. The idea has received. wide­ nam, the Defense Department announced spread and enthusiastic support from the How SKELTON ExPLAINED PLEDGE OF yesterday. scientific community at MIT and all over the ALLEGIANCE Corporal Rogers, 20, lived on Magothy road country. Getting back to schools, I remember a in Pasadena, Md. "We are enclosing a call describing our teacher I had. I only went through the 7th He served as a squad leader in Company motives ... as well as a statement prepared grade in school. I left home at 10 years old K, 3d Division, 26th Marines. Drafted in by the Industry Liaison Committee. because I was hungry. I'd work in the sum­ April, 1968, he had been sent to Vietnam "Strong support by scientists and engineers mer and go to school in the winter. last October. working for industry is desirable because of I remember this one teacher. To me, he According to the Defense Department an­ the part played. by industry in promoting the was the greatest teacher, a real sage of my nouncement, Corporal Rogers and three military uses of science... .'' time. He had such wisdom. We were all re­ other marines were killed when one of thezn Four days before sending out the fore­ citing the Pledge of Allegiance, and he stepped on a land mine while on patrol near going letter, the Science Action Co-ordinat­ walked over. Mr. Lasswell was his name ... Quang Nam last Friday. Mr. Lasswell. He said: After graduating with honors from high ing Commi-ttee (SACC) issued a "progress re­ "I've been listening to you boys and girls school in 1966, Corporal Rogers worked. for port" (Jan. 6, 1969) that stated. the group recite the Pledge of Allegiance ar semester, the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company as was formed. "with the primary purpose of and it seems as though it is becoming mo­ an apprentice cable splicer. organizing a one-day research strike o? notonous to you. I! I say, may I recite it and He is survived by his mother, Mrs. Thelma March 4, 1969. The official sponsoring orgaru­ try to explain to you the meaning of each R. Rogers, and a brother, Danny R. Rogers, zation for this project is now the Union of word. both of Pasadena. Concerned Scientists.... " Coordinator Of the CXV--261-Part 3 4134 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 SACC Committee at MIT is Joel Feigenbaum; of aeronautical engineering, of mathematics, as that of the Ways and Means CC'mmittee Elliot Belasco is in charge of inter-university economics, and electrical engineering. The which considers roughly one-fifth of all the action. MIT Science Action Coordinating Group is in bills introduced in the House every year. On March 4 members of the nationwide touch with Prof. Melvin Rosenberg of the Even by its own misguided standards, the strike group will hold regional meetings to University of Chicago and with Prof. Charles committee is a failure. The only real func .. be addressed, according to present schedules, Schwartz of the University of California at tion it seems to serve is to provide publicity by Nobel Prize winners Hans Bethe of Cor· Berkeley. The SACC also is cooperating with and a platform for various crackpots and nell and George Wald of Harvard; by Gar the revolutionary Students for a Democratic fanatics of both the extreme left and the Alperovitz, a Socialist Scholar, by Sen. George Society and the Socialist Scholars. extreme right . McGovern (D.-S.D.) and others. Under the alleged moral justification that Many members of the House are backing a The main objective of the MIT and amu­ scientists and engineers should refuse to take substitute offered by Representative John ated groups (who are closely in touch with part in "destructive" military research, the Culver of Iowa to transform HUAC into a the Center for the Study of Democratic In­ plotters against an American ABM system subcommittee of the Judiciary Committee. stitutions through Jerome Wiesner, Sen. Mc­ and U.S. military defense are trying to per­ This would be a modest improvement. But Govern, Supreme Court Justice William 0. suade such professionals to divorce them­ the House would do better to admit after Douglas and others) is creation of "a polit­ selves from U.S. government-sponsored ac­ more than thirty years of collisions with ically active scientific community working tivities. the courts that "un-American" and "sub­ outside of government and mobilizing popu­ In the light of the Soviet military invasion versive" are terms that defy definitions. By lar support" to set scientists, engineers of Czechoslovakia, of the growing Soviet any name, this is a hopeless committee on and researchers against the allegedly "de­ nuclear threat in space and on the seas, in­ a hopeless quest. structive" defense policies of our govern­ cluding the Mediterranean, the American ment. The plotters' chief propaganda aim, people ought to inform themselves about the at present, is to stop our country from build­ true aim of all intellectuals sponsoring the ing an anti-ballistic missile system. The March 4 strike of scientists and engineers. Soviet Union already has one. It creates a The only ones who could possibly benefit ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND THE military security gap in favor of the Com­ from such a strike are our Communist foes. RIGHT TO DISSENT: THE SEPARA­ n:unists. The over-all aim of the plotters is Those certain to suffer from impaired U.S. TION OF LIBERTY AND LICENSE unilateral disarmament of the United States. military defense are American men, women At the center of the anti-ABM campaign and children. is the Center for the Study of Democratic HON. BERTRAM L. PODELL Institutions. On Nov. 1, 1968, it sent a letter OF NEW YORK to presidents of major inrtustrial corpora­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions engaged in defense work announcing "a THE HOPELESS COMMITI'EE public discussion," November 19-20, in New Wednesday, February 19, 1969 York City on "ABM: Yes or No?" Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, the right Chairman of the November 19 meeting at HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN the Hilton Hotel was Supreme Court Justice to dissent is precious to Western civiliza­ William 0. Douglas, who abandoned a dis· OF NEW YORK tion, and to American democracy. In­ passionate role to make a one-sided opening IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deed, we believe, it is not only the right, statement. "My lay judgment," said Justice Tuesday, February 18, 1969 but also the duty, of citizens to speak Douglas, "is that the manufacture of these out on issues in which they have either systems of missile defense will make the Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, in a timely strong interest or moral concern. Our military-industrial complex rich, will re­ editorial today's New York Times points greatest patriots and philosophers have sult in the production of huge piles of junk, out the ludicrousness of rechristening encouraged us conscientiously to perform and will be meaningless in terms of survival." the House Un-American Activities Com­ On November 20 the Center held a closed this duty. Jefferson declared that the meeting at the St. Regis Hotel from which mittee. The new name wlll not change tree of liberty must periodically be the press was barred. The secret talks werE' its character, but the broadened man­ watered by the blood of patriots, even attended by four members of the Center staff. date proposed in House Resolution 89 as Thoreau pronounced it "not desirable including W. H. Ferry and Harvey Wheeler, will extend i.ts jurisdiction and, the to cultivate a respect for law so much as who are notoriously anti-U.S. government sponsors hope, render it less subject to for the right." We have, as a nation, and anti-U.S. military in foreign policy and judicial review. Instead of giving this defense matters. been molded by the individualist!J con­ committee greater latitude to indulge in cept of self-determination and self-reli­ Among others present were Dr. Jerome its familiar tactics, the House should Wiesner; Sen. George McGovern; Gen. Leon ance. Thus did Emerson declare, in the Johnson, who is in favor of ABM; longtime write a finis to its 30-year career. The spirit of frontier America: New York Times observes, "Like the Socialist Adolph Berle; Prof. I . I. Rabi of To believe your own thought, to believe Columbia University, participant in Pugwash committee itself, this proposal is wholly that what is true for you in your private conferences sponsored by Cyrus Eaton, Lenin without merit." hear t is true for all men-that is genius. Peace Prize winner; and Prof. Franz Shur­ The editorial follows: mann of the University of California at [From the New York Times, Feb. 18, 1969] Translated into political terms, this Berkeley, a Socialist Scholar. means, according to J. R. Wiggins: The edited version of their secret discus­ THE HOPELESS COMMITTEE The House of Representatives considers That there is ... a duty [to dissent from sion is being published this month by the the policy of government when that policy Center in a paper entitled "ABM: Yes or No?" today a resolution to change the name of the Un-American Activities Committee and seems to the individual citizen to constitute Of course, the "noes" have it; the Center a departure from national interest or moral wears a figleaf of objectiVity to maintain its redefine its mandate. Like the committee it­ tax-exempt status, but it has issued over self, this proposal is wholly without merit. rectitude)-that ... such a duty ... is the the years a stream of anti-U.S. military, It would obviously do no good to change very essence of self-government, the very prounllateral U.S. disarmament literature. its embarrassing name to the more decorous vital spark of a democratic system. A people The Center's plan to try to stop construc­ "Committee on Internal Security" if the devoid of this impulse would make the form tion of an American ABM system was for­ committee does not also change its ways. of government a matter of indifference. And mulated as soon as the Johnson Adminis­ Representative Richard !chord of Missouri, a people with this impulse will invest even tration proposed building a "thin system," the committee's new chairman and sponsor the most unsatisfactory system of govern­ after it became known the Soviets already of the proposal to rechristen it and restate ment with the vigor and force that may had a thick one. When President Nixon an­ its jurisdiction has candidly conceded that make it adequate to deal with society's prob­ nounced his intention to strengthen U.S. the principal purpose of the rede:flnltion is lem. mtlitary defenses, the Center intensified its to assist the committee in its endless jousting An aspect of proper dissent which has anti-ABM propaganda, using Dr. Wiesner, with the courts. Mr. !chord believes that the former science adviser to President Kennedy, present "vague language is in part responsi­ particular relevance to the current situ­ as a prime spokesman. Behind the scenes, ble for the many restrictive court deci­ ation is academic freedom-the birth­ Wiesner is supporting the leftist-radical Sci­ sions." right of the student population, which ence Action Coordinating Committee's Certainly the groups record in and out of is the privilege of speaking one's mind "strike" of scientists and engineers, March 4, the courts is dismal. Of the 133 contempt freely, in regard to all topics-including 1969, against our government and industrial citations issued by the committee between current political issues. The right to aca­ defense establishments. According to the 1950 and 1966, only nine resulted in con­ demic freedom has been considered Boston Globe, Dr. Wiesner will kick off the victions. In the last quarter of a century, strike on the evening of March 3, along with it has reported only five bllls that became sacred by Western democracy, and men leftist Prof. Noam Chomsky. law. Yet every year it gets what is a huge ap­ have given their lives in its defense. Signers of the March 4 strike call at MIT propriation by comparison with other Con­ On the other hand, however, the include the heads of the departments of gressional committees. Its staff of 46 per­ American heritage is one which empha­ chemistry, biology, and phys~cs; professors sons, for example, is more than twice as large sizes the importance of law and order, February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4135 of representative government, of major­ demonstration and responsible political prepared, as a matter of conscience, to accept ity rule. activity 1n seeking their goals, these peo­ the penalties established for such behaVior. Theodore Roosevelt declared in a clas­ ple seem bent upon .shouting down their These are not the disrupters of free sic statement: opponents while demanding instant speech, the looters and burners. but the No man 1s above the law and no man 1s achievement of their demands by what­ .sincerely conscientious who feel that civil below it, nor do we ask any man's permis­ ever means possible-democratic or not. disobedience is the most practical way of sion when we require him to obey it. These are the people, writes columnist changing what are to them immoral Or, as Joseph H. Choate explained: Max Lerner, who are victims of what he laws. Civll disobedience is not new to calls instantism-who want "instant vic­ America. It has attained some respecta­ Law is the expression and the perfection of tory over the enemy, instant justice, in­ common sense. bility. But I would warn of its potential stant vindication of ancient wrongs, in­ danger: For what may pass as civil dis­ How, then, to reconcile these differing stant power." For these people there is obedience today may become indiscrimi­ traditions is the problem which con­ neither yesterday nor tomorrow, but only nate antinomianism tomorrow. And once fronts us today-a problem not easily the single dimension of today. And these again, I quote Mr. Kennan: resolved. are the people whom the chancellor of The violation of law is not, in the moral An article·by Washington Post Editor UCLA defines as unable to draw the and philosophic sense, a privilege that lies J. R. Wiggins delineates with perception fine line between personal freedom of offered for sale With a given price tag, like an the fine line which must be drawn be­ choice on the one hand and social neces­ object in a supermarket, available to anyone tween proper dissent and its abuse, be­ sity on the other. And as former HEW who has the price and is willing to pay for it. tween liberty and license. Mr. Wiggins Secretary John Gardner has concluded: It is not like the privilege of breaking crock­ ery in a tent at the county fair for a quarter relates that in five instances in our Na­ How can we make people understand that a shot. Respect for the law is not an obliga­ tion's history, popular dissent has altered if they expect all good things instantly they tion which is exhausted or obliterated by the course of national policy, forcing a will destroy everything? . . • Dissent is an willingness accept the penalty for break­ element of dynamism in our system. It is to reversal of legislative intent or executive ing it. direction. Mr. Wiggins writes: gOOd that men expect much of their institu­ tions, and gOOd that their aspirations for W!:lat, then, may properly be expected Such was the case in 1804, when a Re­ improvement are ardent ... [But} violence publican defeat of the Federalists nullified of those who feel called to responsible cannot build a better society. No society can dissent, whose watchful vigor is essential the Aliens and Sedition laws. In 1808 it oc­ live in constant and destructive tumult.... curred when the Republicans gave in to hot The anarchist plays into the hands of the to the conduct of responsible govern­ resistance over the Embargo Act. . . . The authoritarian.... The elements of dyna­ ment? election of Lincoln climaxed a long period mism must have stabilizing counterparts...• Mr. Wiggins writes: of rising dissent against the pro-slavery Of these citizens [I would reply} the Gov­ policies of the Federal Government [, while] Again, Mr. Wiggins hits the nall ernment is entitled. to ask forms of dissent the Civil War-the very embodiment and ul­ squarely on the head: and disagreement that comply with our tra­ timate in dissent--reversed the national pol­ There have been frequent demonstrations ditions--speech Within the limits of parlia­ icy and put slavery on the way to extinction. in which violence has been used to disrupt mentary utterance, actions in conformity The repeal of the 18th Amendment was an­ public meetings and interfere with speakers. with laws adopted by due process. The exact other reversal of national policy coerced by This is a technique perfected by the Fascists limits on both speech and actions may fluc­ the collapse of enforcement in a rising volume and the Nazis. Those who are in dissent ought tuate with the occasion, but there surely is a of dissent, disobedience and defiance of the to be the last to encourage a con test in line beyond which such citizens ought not law. which the side With the most numbers and to proceed if they count themselves within least scruples is bound ultimately to triumph. the community that does not intend or pro­ The fifth instance cited by Mr. Wig­ pose the revolutionary overthrow of this gins, the dissent of civil rights advocates, Furthermore, he warns: Government by force and violence. has already significantly altered Govern­ those in dissent, if they are at all farsighted, ment policy and Federal legislation. should be the first to demand for those who For if the right to dissent is the prop­ In short, the acceptable kind of dis­ speak in opposition to them full personal erty of the minority, the right to conform sent, which may be applied toward alter­ security. The business of breaking heads is is the right of the majority. These two­ ation of Government policy and Federal not an enterprise involving so much ingenu­ minority and majority-do not exist ity that others cannot be instructed in it or singly but together; and neither can for legislation, has generally been defined learn to profit by it, if it becomes one of the as that which cannot find redress under necessities of public life. long survive without the sufferance of the law-a cause set forth in defense of the other. Thus--to those who would in­ morality, a cause which uses techniques Thus the right to dissent has, of late, voke the sacred name of academic free­ of dissent which neither produce violence been interpreted as the right to disrup­ dom for the purpose of anarchistic vio­ nor infringe upon the rights Of others. tion of order, destruction of property, lence, let me caution that the minority Thus, in some cases, peaceable assembly and curtailment of the rights of others. is always first to lose when the force and and demonstration may be condoned as What we are witnessing is, essentially, a validity of law breaks down. But it is also proposed methods of dissent. It may be breakdown in discipline, a refusal by the true that if the minority is usurped by observed that in at least two instances in minority to accept the limitations which the majority, what was formerly the ma­ our history, either violence or disobedi­ proper dissent must take in an orderly jority is, ipso facto, no longer such. De­ ence have impinged upon the scene-the society. We see in the ascendant a spirit mocracy is a dialectic between the former in the Civil War, the latter in which holds that any law may be violated greater and the lesser. and can never be rejection of the 18th amendment. While at will-not only because it may, or may anything else. both obtain general sanction in retro­ not, in the eyes of the protester, be im­ Thus, the natural successor to anarchy spect, we would not wish to repeat them moral, but also, by implication, because is tyranny; and, indeed, experience has today-the prospects of either another it happens to curtail the pursuit of taught that the primary victims of au­ Civil War or renewed prohibition are now pleasure, or money, or any other desir­ thoritarianism are all too often the stu­ unthinkable and were, indeed, unique able end. Thus, murder, arson, extortion, dents and intellectuals that have cham­ products of unique times. rape-by logical extension, all acts are pioned the cause of minority rights. The Thus, the ease of current student re­ permissible, and we have arrived, like recent unhappy events in Poland serve volt, civil disobedience, and outright Dostoevsky's Inquisitor, at a point be­ to illustrate this point only too well. Aca­ rio~eems somewhat different from the yond good and evil, at a point where all demic freedom anc;i proper dissent can previous five cases cited. For indeed, things are allowed. survive as viable means for promoting much of the current dissension-led by In this connection- change only so long as their proper lim­ both white and black activists--is no Writes George F. Kennan, by way of its within the boundary of law are re­ more than a crude rejection of all legal parenthesis-- spected-by those who invoke their It is processes, a determination to abridge the There are some people, who accept our names in the cause of reform. rea­ right to free speech for all but the dis­ political system, [who] believe that they have son, not emotion, which must prevail, if senters. Instead of asking to be heard, a right to disregard it and to violate the laws American democracy is not to vanish in instead of using the means of peaceable that have flowed from it so long as they are the smoke of violence and destruction. 4136 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 NEW KIMBERLY-CLARK PLANT veloped, growth began to hinge on invention, mills to provide important operating experi­ BRINGS AUTOMATION, MODERN technology, and scientific break-throughs. ence. In others, we worked with vocational PEOPLE POLICIES TO BEECH IS­ Now a new swing in emphasis seems to be and technical schools in this area to help gaining momentum. Economic progress is create special training courses for fields in LAND AREA beginning to focus on human resources and which we were hiring. In all instances, we their effective organization and use. More hired workers who appeared to have high companies are starting to think more about potential without regard to the level of HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN people, and to recognize their technicians, formal training they had achieved. We find OJ' SOUTH CAROLINA managers, production workers, scientists and this policy yields excellent results in terms IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES execut ives as perhaps the most critical ele­ of production as well as employee loyalty. Wednesday, February 19, 1969 ments of industrial development. A third objective is free and open commu­ We all know that good human talent 1s nication between management and employees Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, during the not very easy to come by. True, there are at all levels of the mill operating force. We recent recess I had the pleasure and more people in this country than ever before, wanted every employee to have a clear under­ privilege of participating in the dedica­ but the demand for quallfied workers still standing of the purpose and the effect of his tion of the new consumer products plant is running ahead of supply. And according to work. There is no formalized procedure for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the labor communication between management and built by the Kimberly-Clark Corp., at force will grow more slowly in the near future labor-they just talk. We think this policy is Beech Island, in my congressional dis­ than it did in the recent past. A capable man, paying o:ff handsomely in terms of under­ trict. in other words, not only is hard to find; he standing. It was a matter of pride to me to hear is getting harder to find. A fourth objective is complete integration Mr. Guy M. Minard, president of Kim­ However, I think there are some interest­ of minority group workers at all levels in the berly-Clark, say in his dedication speech ing and realistic solutions to the d1minish­ mill and an environment in which they can that this new plant will be automated ing supply of good workers and good mana­ feel comfortable and confident both when gers in industry. they come here seeking a job and later as and have two of the fastest tissue-mak­ Some months ago, the National Industrial members of our team. ing machines in the world. This will con­ Conference Board asked mayors of major As a step toward this goal, we establlshed tribute greatly to the industrial progress cities to indicate where business can make specific objectives for the employment of of my area. the most significant contribution to jobs, job minority groups at all levels of the plant or­ But I was especially interested in the training, and education. The mayors pointed ganization, including the professional staffs. enlightened remarks of Mr. Minard on out several things companies might do to Department directors are responsible for what he called "people planning," a view­ improve their performance in this area: meeting these targets. Then speciallzed point of industry that will make our new They should adjust job entry require­ training programs were worked out in co­ ments, considering the potential and not just operation with the South Carollna vocational Kimberly-Clark plant a center for so­ the credentials of the worker. They should and technical school system and with the cial progress as well as manufacturing create educational programs and on-the-job Augusta Area Technical School to ensure efficiency. training designed to close the gap between that these employees would have every op­ The substance of Mr. Minard's speech the disadvantaged and other employees or portunity to contribute fully. I'm proud to will be of interest, Mr. Speaker, to you potential employees. And they should help report that this program has already proved and our colleagues, and I insert it at this establish close liaison with local vocational highly successful in every respect. These four examples represent nearly a point in the RECORD: schools both in terms of guidance counseling and the provision of teaching aid and equip­ dozen objectives aimed at creating meaning­ REMARKS OF GUY M. MINARD, PRESIDENT, ment. ful employment and a productive mill oper­ KIMBERLY-CLARK CORP. Although the occasion to put these ideas ation. It is a pleasure to be here today because to work exists in many business situations, a I think they are particularly appropriate I feel I'm among very good friends. Kimberly­ particularly good opportunity can be found for discussion at the dedication of a new Clark has received a cordial and helpful wel­ at the many new industrial plants now be­ plant, because new facilities offer new op­ come to this community and in the South. ing built throughout the United States. portunities for working With people crea­ We are most appreciative. Important things By way o! example, I would llke to men­ tively. can be accompllshed when companies and tion some of the work we have done here at And the opportunities are growing. Busi­ communities work together as closely and Beech Island that indicates to me this kind ness spending for expansion continues to set enthusiastically as we have been able to of "people planning" is rea.llstic. records, and this year's projections indicate work with you. Before ground was broken, Kimberly-Clark that total spending Will increase by 10 per At Beech Island, Kimberly-Clark has built prepared a list of objectives for the person­ cent over 1968. Industry is going to build one of the country's most advanced paper nel program at Beech Island that we felt more than 14,000 new facilities with this products plants. The planning for its de­ would contribute to the plant's success, both money in 1969. velopment began many years ago by men who in a social and a business sense. Each of these new plants offers a fresh en­ were keenly aware of the growth potential of One of these objectives is a work environ­ vironment for new techniques in forward our industry. They projected Kimberly­ ment in which the individual will make a planning for personnel. And taken as a group, Clark's pattern of expansion, analyzed the maximum contribution so that he and the the plants provide a vast arena in which operations of all other company mills to company will realize maximum return on his better ways of training, hiring and integrat­ isolate the best of these for Beech Island, work. You might suggest that anyone would ing workers could be tested. studied dozens of possible plant sites, and be foollsh not to have this as an objective. H industry, in establishing these new man­ took a hard look at the eastern seaboard But it's not as easy a.s it sounds. For one ufacturing centers, would plan as carefully market for the products we make now and thing, traditional paper mlll job organiza­ for people a.s it does for produqtion, a great may make in the future. tion structures are too rigid for the atmos­ many of the industry's and the nation's per­ Kimberly-Clark has introduced many new phere we are trying to create. sonnel problems could be diminished or de­ ideas in product manufacturing, packaging So in the place of the traditional and some­ feated right in the factory. and handllng at Beech Island. For example, what restraining job progressions; we have The companies that put people resources the two tissue-making machines here are the established a "cluster concept" of jobs that to best use in the decades ahead probably fastest in the world. We designed them, and group several pay levels into one work assign­ will be the ones that emerge as the leaders the principle wlll soon be applled at many of ment. ·A man can be advanced within this in their industries. That's the direction we the company's other plants throughout the system even 1f no vacancy exists at the time-­ have taken, at any rate, at Beech Island. country. We are proud to have developed a an opportunity we consider very important At the outset, Kimberly-Clark located here number of other new systems and techniques to motivation and results. for selfish reasons--for what the area and and to have brought them together here in A second objective is the maximum utiliza­ its people could do for us. But after that a highly emcient and productive plant. tion of this community's labor force. As has decision was made, we dug very deeply into At Kimberly-Clark, however, we belleve been our practice, Kimberly-Clark transferred what contributions we possibly could make that the tools of production are only one relatively few people to Beech Island from in return. element of growth. Today, I would like to other areas, and we have not hired experi­ I think you might make a loose compari­ discuss with you another aspect of business enced operators from local paper mills. This son of our program here with the well known success that's not exactly related to markets means that special planning for technical industrial technique usually called "promot­ or machinery. That element is people. training was called for, especially because a ing from within." We're building our own In the early years of this country, you had large portion of the job applications we team from within our own community, and t o own or control real estate if you wanted received here represented labor unskilled we fully expect that team to grow and pros­ to enjoy economic power. This was the case in our kind of technology. per with us. untll the Industrial Revolution when capital In a number of cases, on-the-job training This, we feel, brings to Beech Island and replaced land as the factor that did the most programs for certain newly hired technicians vicinity a. new opportunity for a great num­ to stimulate progress. Later, as industry de- were established at other Kimberly-Clark ber of people to develop new skills, improve February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4137 their economic status, and build a stronger past years-and where we hope to be going And so in our own generation (at least and more secure future. It's a policy that, in in the decades that lie ahead. in mine!) the modern scientific-technologi- · the long run, should pay good dividends !or I! we take a long look back, we can see cal society has been born. We can now make us all. some astonishing things that have taken machines to perform almost any desired task Thank you. place. -even going to the moon. We can, through Would you trade places today with any­ our knowledge of chemistry, make almost one-rich or poor-who lived on this globe any material we want to suit our purposes, say, 400 years ago? If you think we have including these complex systems of molecules DR. DUBRIDGE GIVES EXCELLENT poverty today-as indeed we do-read about essential to life. We have evolved and used STATEMENT the poverty-stricken masses in Europe of 400 the complex rules of mathematics to solve or 200 or 100 years ago. If you decry the a host of problems. Our geologists explore wars and fears of war today, think of the the earth, find new resources, trace the his­ HON. JAMES G. FULTON continuous wars that have raged on this tory of our planet, and map its unreachable earth for thousands of years. If you are un­ interior. The engineer uses all of these pieces OF PENNSYLVANIA happy that our schools are not doing as of new knowledge, fits them together and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES good a job as we think they should, think of designs and builds a host of things for men the day when education was almost unknown to use, from skyscrapers to electric can open­ Wednesday, February 19, 1969 to most people, even in the so-called ad­ ers, and at a cost that people can afford to Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. vanced countries. pay. Speaker, Dr. Lee A. Dubridge, Director, If you are saddened by the ravages of ill­ In the meantime, the physicists have ex­ Ofiice of Science and Technology, today ness and disease and inadequate medical plored deep into the nucleus of the atom­ care, think of the days not too long ago when and discovered an unbellevable array of gave an excellent presentation before the human illness was taken for granted, when mysteries-plus an incredible new source Subcommittee on Science Research and the most devastating epidemics and plagues of energy. The chemists string atoms together Development of the Science and Astro­ went almost wholly unchecked, when medi­ to make even the most complex compounds, nautics Committee. cal science had hardly advanced beyond the including those that are essential to life it­ As the ranking minority member of stage of the witch doctor. And I need not self. And our astronomers lift our eyes to the that committee and a long-time admirer remind you that the material comforts of life stars, show us 100 billion galaxies, each con­ of Dr. Dubridge, it is a pleasure for me which even the poorest person in this coun­ taining 100 billion stars-stretching out into space untold billions of billions of miles, to place his fine statement in the RECORD try enjoys today are far beyond the wildest hopes the kings and emperors of 200 years stretching back into time a dozen billion today: a.go. years or more. Mr. Chairman, and Members of the Sub­ What has happened that has made these And, most startling of all, the chemists, committee: The House Science and Astro­ profound changes possible? What has hap­ biologists and medical men have un­ nautics Committee is devoted to the welfare pened is that about 300 years ago a few covered some of the deepest secrets of life of science and technology in the United men began to use their brains and their itself-the nature of the genetic code, the States. So am I. The hearings you are now imaginations to seek a better understanding mechanisms of bodily functions, the causes having are for the purpose of seeking ways of nature-<>f the world in which we live­ of most diseases, the sources of health and to strengthen American science, to strength­ of the universe about us and about the sickness. And they are now beginning to un­ en scientific education, and to strengthen the nature and constitution of our own bodies. derstand a llttle bit about the mechanism of foundations on which these activities are Instead of wondering idly about what made the human brain. We have conquered a host built-namely the American colleges and stones fall, the stars move, crops to fail or of once dread diseases-a! though heart dis­ universities. Because you are already devoted illness to befall, men began to ask questions ease, cancer and some others, including the to these goals, I do not have to persuade you of nature. How do these things happen? Can Hong Kong fiu and the common cold, still of their importance. But you and I are well we understand why they happen? Can we remain to aftllct us-and pose mysteries to aware of the fact that not all American peo­ learn enough to predict what things will challenge us. ple are as committed to the welfare of sci­ happen in the future? Yes, from the material point of view we ence and of our universities as you and I are. The great pioneers of this human intel­ are vastly more comfortable and healthy Therefore, I am requesting the privilege to­ lectual adventure soon came to a surpris­ than any preceding generation. day of speaking-not so much to you, the ing conclusion: Nature is not .haphazard But have the benefits been only material? members of this committee-but through or fickle; nature is not wholly mysterious; I answer a resounding No. you to the American people. nature operates in regular ways 1n accord­ Can a man be quite the same when he has The confusion which exists in our nation ance with what we call natural laws. Further­ learned of the distant galaxies and has today about the goals and values of science more, the ·human mind is capable of dis­ watched other men circle the moon? Can a and technology is in a certain sense under­ covering these laws and using them to in­ man fail to increase his respect for the standable. We as a nation are confused and terpret the phenomena that are observed, power, dignity and value of every human troubled on many fronts and on many issues. to predict, in certain circumstances, and in being when he sees what the human intel­ We are troubled by a costly war in a far a given system, what wm happen next. lect, when driven by a desire to know, can distant land. We are troubled by our less Men, 1n short, discovered science; invented achieve? Is not a man who can penetrate the than cordial relations with many other na­ the scientific method. The age of-science be­ mysteries of the atom also one who enhances tions and peoples on this tiny planet-a gan. A new era of human adventure and of the dignity and worth of all hliman beings? planet which seems especially tiny as viewed human progress was ushered ln. The power Is it an accident that the growth of the ideal through the eyes and the cameras of the of prediction.is one of the outstanding suc­ of a democratic society-based on the dignity Apollo 8 astronauts. We are distressed by the cesses of science. of man-has been coincident with the ad­ troubles in our cities, about the unhappy But man was not content just to know vance of knowletlge? Is it not significant that relations between black and white Amer­ the laws of motion and of gravitation and we who live better lives than any of our an­ icans, about the breakdown of the peaceful of energy. He soon saw that he could use cestors have still higher ideals than they. and scholarly atmospheres in our schools and these laws to do things he had never ~one could ever have dreamed-dreams of a still colleges. We are distressed by air pollution, before. He could make steam do his work better life for all men? In many ways our. water pollution, about the disaster to the for him-run his machines, propel his ships human and our humane ideals and goals Santa Barbara beaches, about noise and traf­ and vehicles, lift mighty loa~. pull his plows have moved ahead faster than our physical fic on our streets and in the air. The list across the fields. U~dex:stan~ng energyt he and intellectual abilities to achieve them. of our worries unfortunately is almost end­ began to ask about the energy of the human Our moral ideas have gone faster than scien­ less. And many of these worries are closely body. Whence does it come? What kind · of tific advance, and not the reverse, as some interrelated. processes -convert the food and water and people claim. We no longe.r are willing to So it is not surprising, in these troubled air which a man takes iil to the muscular accept the thesis that man was inevitably times, that many people ask: What is science work which he can put out? born into a vale of tears. We insist that he doing for us? Isn't it true that science and . Now once man had learned how to ac­ must eventually inherit a land of peace and technology are the cause of many of our guire _kno~leq_ge a:q.d ,use_ it, thi~~s began happiness, · troubles? Can't we devote our energies and to chang~. And as more knowledge was. ac­ · And here we come to the great paradox of out: money. to more urgent problems? Why guired, t:tie· rate of change -accelerated. More our time. · support. our colleges when the students knowledge accelerated the rate· of acquiring Our success in the search for knowledge th.emselves-<>r som~ o! them-do not sup­ still more knowledge; aCcelerated the rate and in applying it has far exceeded the p~r:t t_hem? And, indeed, whe~ some of the at which knowledge· could be put to use. This wildest dreams of our fathers and mothers. {acuity have turned against them? acceleratio~ is still going on . t~ay : The But we want more--much more. We can Yes, we live in troubled times. And yet it more we learn, the more we glimpse the vast conquer some· diseases, why not all? We can is necessary for responsible people to stop sea of ignorance that lies ahead. But also the go to the moon. Why can't we clean up our denouncing our ills and tal_te a long look at more rapidly do we conquer these areas of cities? We can fiy to Europe in a few hours. where we are-where we have been in the ignorance. Why can't we get to the airport quickly? 4138 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 The world could grow many times as much short--term relief measures to relieve lmme­ support and understanding were most needed. food as it needs. Why is there stlll hunger? diate su1fering and injustice. But at the same Meanwhile, the great mass o! students have We have built a vast educational system that time we must enoourage and support new ef­ real problems that must be constructively most oi the world envies. Why can't we make forts to learn more, to extend our base o! approached. it still better adapted to match our new fundamental knowledge in science, technol­ The purpose of your bill, H.R. 35, Mr. needs and our new ideals? ogy and soo1al science, so that we can move Chairman, as I interpret it, is to do some­ We have, in short. been .so successful in sure-iootedly toward long-term solutions. thing to strengthen our universities at a m.any fields that we can no longer tolerate We often think that new technological de­ tlm.e when we need them the most. You failure in any others. vices or new social inventions spring sud­ would be the last to claim that this bill, 'fhe automobile is such a marvelous engi­ denly from the minds of a great inventor or if passed, would solve all the problems of neering achievement that every .one needs from a massive new e1fort. But in every case higher education. There are many things and desires one. So our street8 are clogged the inventor had built upon a :vast base of that need to be done to open educational and our air is polluted, and we slaughter fundamental knowledge that had grown out opportunities to all qualified students, to each other .on our h ighways at a staggering of the basic research endeavors of previous build adequate facilities. and to encourage rate. generations of scholars. The electric light of innovative educational prDgrams. to enhance We have been so successful in removing Thomas Edison would have been impossi-ble and improve advanced study and research the heavy burdens of hard labor which have without the previous work of Faraday, Max­ programs in the humanities, the arts, the plagued men for thousands of years that we well and many others on the nature of elec­ social sciences as well as the natural sci­ no longer need unskilled labor at all and our tricity and magnetism. The transistor would ences, and to insure the fiscal stability of undereducated citizens are out of work. have been impossible to conceive had it not our whole educational system. Our factories, our buildings, our bridges been for the work of those who developed the The presen.t Administration, led by the and our highways are far more skillfully de­ quantum theory twenty or more years be­ deep concern of President Nixon .about these signed than ever before, but they still often fore--and they in turn built on the work of matters, is now studying the ways in which o1fend our ever growing sense of the need their predecessors twenty or thirty years be­ private and public funding can most e1fec­ for more beauty in our environment. The fore that. tively be mobilized-and public opinion can people have forgotten the soft coal .smoke .of Radio. television, the automobile, the air­ be mobilized-in support of our great in­ 30 years ago. and which has now disappeared plane and all the other marvels oi modern stitutions of learning. The President has ex­ in most U.S. cities. technology similarly stem from the results of pressed his conviction that the search for And so it goes. As we pile success on suc­ basic research in physics and chemistry which knowledge is not only one of the highest cess in our scientific and technological long antedated these ,apparently "new" in.­ and noblest enterprises of the human .species, achievements, we are more and more con­ ventions. Similarly our modem methods of but is also essential to our survival as a scious that our success so far is woefully in­ curing many diseases and alleviating much great and free society. President Nixon .and adequate. human su1fering were made possible by the his Cabinet officers and staff are now seeking Is it that we have too much knowledge w-ork of physicists, chemists, biochemists and to evolve long-range programs to achieve. and have developed too much sklll in using biologists stretching back 50 to 100 years. Re­ not only through a federal but through a. it? search -carried on by many patient men who n(l.tional e1fort, the goal we an seek of Certainly not! studied such unalluring things as .1ru:it files making higher education and research an We are only beginning in our search for and sea urchin eggs led to our modern knowl­ even more powerful force for good in our knowledge. We are still groping to find more edge of cell growth and o! genetics-knowl­ country. e1fective and. more thoughtful and consider­ edge which is basic to medical progress I compliment you and your distinguished ate ways of using it. toward the cure of new ailments. committee for its devoted e1fort to find some We can reduce air and water pollution­ I trust I have given enough examples to method of relieving one segment of hJ.gher but we need to know more; and w~ need to illustrate my point: knowledge must be education-the scientific segment-of some discover new ways of using what we do know. acquired before knowledge can be put of the serious problems we face. Thank you. We can abolish poverty-but we must find to use so that we can solve the many prob­ ways of more e1fectively addressing the mind lems that stand in the way of creating a of man to the problem. better life for all people. Our intellectual resources--not our .mate­ And now. Mr~ Chairman, I come to the CHALLENGE TO WORLD HUNGER rial resources--are the limits to what we can point. whiCh is of interest to this committee achieve. in these hearings. Whence comes the basic Therefore, as we l'OOk to the future, we knowledge we need and whence come the HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER - must do more than invent stopgap measures trained people who ca.n gain more knowledge to meet current and urgent crises. We must and put our existing knowledge to work? OF WISCONSIN educate our people better especially those From our great colleges and universities, of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTAT.IVES With gifted and imaginative minds. We must course. Our fine system of higher education­ Wednesday, February 19, 1969 intensify our search for more knowledge. We With a.u 1ts faults which are so raucously evi­ must enhance our e1forts to carry on e1fective dent today-is still our hope for the future. Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. research in science, engineering. social sci­ Until we find new ways of strengthening our Speaker, it is very difficult for the aver­ ence and other scholarly fields. universities--through better public under­ age American to feel any sense of alarm We are, of course, properly Jmpatient to standing of their function and importance solve more rapidly our soci& problems. And or even concern that the specter of_ and through greater public and private sup­ hunger is very real and growing each greater effx>rts to apply what knowledge we port--we cannot hope to make it possible for have to this task are necessary. But here we us--and those who come after us--to find day throughout the world. Our food meet a common fallacy. We hear it said that causes and cures "for our llls. supplies are so abundant and so diversi­ if we only spent as much money on the prob­ Our universities today are overwhelmed fied at home that this is llllderstandable. lems as we did on the atomic bomb project With problems. Student enrollments have And we would like to keep lt th-at way. or on our space program, we .could quickly grown muc~ more rapidly than funds could One avenue of promise lies in our con­ solve our urban crisis. But let -us not forget be found for new classrooms, laboratories, n­ tinuing support of the ingenious work of that we launched the Manhattan prGject and braries, educational programs. and for oper­ the space program only (l.jter and not be­ agricultural scientists-in the State ating expenses. Inftationary forces have agricultural experiment stations and our fore the e1forts in basic -research over the struck cruel blows at many plans for im­ previous 30 or 40 years had uncovered the proving fa.c:llities and curricula. The worries industrial and national laboratories­ knowledge which showed us how we .could of a troubled world have impinged on our who are adding fantastic new stories to build atomic bombs and launch payloads into campuses and given rise to student revolts the brilliant annals of our agricultural space. In these programs we u:se4 the knowl­ edge we had largely already acquired. Neither against the establishment which has allowed science record. the Manhattan Program nor the space pro­ such things to happen. A university, which In the January 24, 1969, issue of Life gram could have even been dreamed of ten never before had the need to build a police magazine, a select group of these experi­ years bef-ore they started, because we did not force and a 'COurt_of justice, finds itself help­ ments with vivid accompanying photo­ 1n know enough to even formulate a develop­ less the face of a massive uprising. A fe"\f graphs will startle and please anyone. ment program. students and non-students, small in num­ Here is some of the most unique schem­ In many, though not all, of our present bers but strong in inftuence, have sensed the underlying discontent and have capita-lized ing with nature's tools-sun, water. seed, crises we are in the same position so far as insect, leaf, bacteria: hypergrowth of the technology is concerned. We do not know on it-much as Hitler capitalized on the dis­ enough about . certain technologies, and we content in pre-war Germany. And an .ag­ sweet potato in blue light: bubble blow­ certainly do not know en-ough about many grieved citizenry, outraged a.t the scenes of ing in corn fields; chemotherapy to help social phenomena to justify mounting a con­ violence on our ca.mpuses, has turned away crops survive killing droughts: and in­ centrated, technically based attack on these from the university, denounced it, Withdrawn credible oil-eating bactelia that pro­ problems. We must, of course, enhance our its support, just at the moment when public duce protein as nourishing as steak. February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4139 This is forward-looking research of the charts, artificial light and a specially de­ to plot the aphid's actual feeding sequence most basic yet most practical kind. I signed air-sampling frame, they have metic­ and calculate the exact moments at which want to make a special point of the hope ulously plotted the photosynthesis process. plant juices--and possibly viruses-were Among other things, they have found that flowing into the insect's digestive tract. Now, that such research engenders for human certain kinds of artificial light can make he is looking for ways to upset the sequence. welfare. corn more productive and that even distant One possibility is to use elements that occur Excerpts of the article referred to are storm centers, by affecting wind currents, naturally in some plants and make them inserted herewith, and I am pleased to can infiuence the C02 supply-and hence the unappetizing to aphids, wired up or other­ commend the author, Alicia Hills Moore: growth rate. Employing similar research wise. NEW CHALLENGES TO WORLD HUNGER methods, the investigators have also been A BOTANICAL TRIUMPH THAT COULD TURN able to gauge the operating efficiency of the CORN INTO A MAIN COURSE Awash in blue light, imprisoned in a crenu­ dozens of varieties of corn planted in their lated greenhouse, the sweet potato plant at instrumented field. This kind of precise and Proteins are indispensable-they are cru­ right is being pushed to the very limits· of detailed information makes it possible to cial to early growth and development and its productivity. By manipulating its en­ crossbreed specifically for better photosyn­ they help rebuild and repair our tissues as vironment, scientists at the Battelle Me­ thesis-something researchers have never we age. Yet proteins are complex compounds morial Institute in Ohio have turned it into been able to do before. and the body can't put them to work unless a kind of super-plant, an adventurer on the all the elements that make them up are frontiers of hyper-growth. It is here, in these CHEMICALS TO MAKE A PLANT STOP WASTING present. These building blocks are known as uncharted and exotic regions, that the an­ WATER amino acids. The body itself is capable of swer to the cruelest human tragedy of our Because of the delicate nature of living making some amino acids, but others-the time--death by starvation-is being sought things, plant doctors must have a perfect essential ones-only appear in adequate and may, eventually, be found. sense of botanical balance-they must be amounts in outside sources such as meat and Last year on this planet, 60 million people able to improve productivity without upset­ dairy foods. Green plants can provide cer­ died. Nearly two-thirds of those deaths were ting natural growth. Green plants, for ex­ tain of them too, but no single plant has all related, in one way or another, to hunger. ample, take in carbon dioxide through of the essential aminos in quantity. For During the same 12 months, 118 million were thousands of tiny mouths-known as sto­ this reason a person in a country without born into the world, most of them in under­ m ata-in the surface of their leaves. Yet at the agricultural resources to raise livestock developed countries already short of food. the same time they allow equally indispen­ can gorge himself on wheat or rice alone By the end of this century, the world's pop­ sable water to escape in the form of vapor. and still be starving for protein. ulation is expected to total more than six bil­ As much as two thirds of all rainfall is Missing amino acids can be supplied arti­ lion, twice what it is now. Some experts warn wasted in this way, researchers estimate, and ficially-by mixing particular crops like soy­ that food production must triple in the next the loss may be as much as 3,800 gallons of beans and corn together so that they comple­ three decades, a seemingly impossible task, water a day for an acre of corn. Even a small ment each other or by adding aminos in syn­ just to keep up. Despite the recent success of fraction of the lost vapor would be worth thetic form. In a remarkable breakthrough, high-yield rice and wheat in Asia, others saving. At the Agricultural Experiment Sta­ plant geneticists recently produced a new predict that even before then there will be tion in New Haven, biochemists treating corn kind of corn with beef-steak protein bred a worldwide famine. leaves with a variety of special chemicals into it. Edwin Mertz and Oliver Nelson of Without effective birth control-and most have succeeded in making leaf pores remain Purdue University refused to accept what authorities feel this is unlikely on a world­ half closed even in bright sunshine, conserv­ most experts believed: that all types of corn wide basis in the 20th Century-there seems ing water but not seriously affecting the were lacking in certain aminos, lysine and no way to break the cycle of being born to intake of C02• The widespread use of such tryptophan. Together they spent months starve, crippled physically, and even men­ plant chemotherapy could help crops survive carefully considering more than 100 difff!r­ tally, by a lack of adequate protein. Yet now killing droughts-and make it possible to ent varieties-and finally came up with one an extraordinary new surge of scientific dis­ farm some semiarid land that is not now that was rich in "!>he two aminos. By breed­ covery promises to shatter this tragic cycle. tillable. ing the high-lysine gene from the new corn, The innermost mysteries of sun and water, With more exotic chemical treatments and called opaque-2, into productive hybrids, of seed and insect and leaf, are being probed a full understanding of photosynthesis, some they developed a variety that is easily grown, by a remarkable band of researchers-bota­ scientists believe they may even be able to yet has a high protein content. Seeds of the nists, biologists, nutritionists and even space control the way plants use oxygen and C02- new corn have been shipped to researchers scientists-in search of ways to get more and thereby increase their nutritional value. in many countries, including protein-poor food out of what we grow. At the same time, Thus a lush but nutritionally poor patch of nations like Colombia and Kenya. Other Pur­ they are working to develop completely new jungle could conceivably be transformed into due researchers, meanwhile, are using radio­ techniques for extracting nourishment from a food-rich "farm" simply by spraying it active trace agents to figure out why opaque- new and unusual sources. from the air. 2-and no other type of corn-contains ade­ The scope of their work ranges from the NEED TO PIN DOWN THE DETAILS OF AN APHID'S quate amounts of the critical aminos. If esoterics of pure science to the rattle of HABIT? JUST BUG THE BUG they can explain the mystery, then perhaps manure-stained heavy machinery. Working other crops can be made to produce a full with corn seedlings, they have identified a After years of using massive amounts of supply of essential aminos too. hitherto unknown substance that actually insecticides-and still losing some $4 billion controls and orders the steps in a plant's worth of crops annually-scientists are OIL-EATING BACTERIA AND A HYDRA WHO IS ALL growth cycle. Borrowing from the textile in­ beginning to fight the battle of the parasite TASTE dustry, they have put spinning equipment to with biology as well as chemistry. They have Consider this: a pound of bacteria, feeding use turning protein-rich substances into f_ound, for example, that an insect can be on a fraction of crude oil so worthless that it foods that look and taste like chicken and forced to "grow to death" with a dose of is usually burned as waste, can grow fast beef. On the following pages Life examines its own hormones and that flashes of light enough to produce ten pounds of protein in some of the discoveries now being made in in the middle of the night can upset some a day. If a yearling calf were able to manufac­ this field where, today, hope and need are insect feeding patterns. Much of the experi­ ture protein at the same rate, it would end synonymous. mentation leading to such discoveries ls up the day roughly the size of a three-car bizarre, but seldom has any been stranger garage. And it would have consumed several BUU.DING A BETTER CORNFIELD WITH GRIDS AND than the bug-bugging operations shown here. tons of expensive grain in the process. This BUBBLE MAKERS The tiny insect in question is the aphid, a comparison may help show why convention­ Photosynthesis is the way green plants­ notorious spreader of viral diseases. In min­ al-and largely inefficient--protein produc­ and only green plants-use the sun's light utes, an aphid can fly to two or three plants, tion is going to be supplemented by more to transform carbon dioxide and water into drawing virus from one and spreading it exotic techniques like farming bacteria, the chemical compounds the human body to others. To find out what goes on when yeasts and other microbes. Already pilot needs for growth and energy. Though cru­ an aphid stops to eat, Dr. G. A. Schaefers of plants in France, Britain and the Soviet cial to all life on earth, the process is not Cornell University wired up one of the in­ Union are in this way turning out micro­ highly efficient--no more than 5% of the sects, turning it into a switch in a delicate organic protein for use in animal feeds. solar energy available is converted into use­ electric circuit. Dr. Schaefers first hooked In the meantime the world is virtually ful compounds. A good bit goes to sustain the leaf of a strawberry plant (above) to a overflowing with other types of protein. Vast the plant, but even in the most efficient small battery, then attached a gold wire quantities of protein-rich organisms inhabit species-such as corn-there is substantial 1/10,000 of an inch thick to an aphid and, the sea, for example, and green leaves of many waste. To learn how to reduce such waste via a metal washer (far right), to a record­ kinds can be used as a food source, provided and make the conversion of solar to edible ing machine. Thus when an aphid put its their indigestible cellulose is removed. energy more efficient, U.S. Department of feeding tube between the cells of the plant No matter how much protein is made avail­ Agriculture and Cornell University scientists (magnified about 1,500 times at right), it able, however, there is still the problem of have instrumented an entire cornfield in up­ closed the circuit. By attaching a graph pen making it taste good, which in raw form it state New York. Using soap bubbles, growth to an amplifier, Dr. Schaefers was then able probably won't. Research in this area has 4140 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 lately focused on a remarkable su,bstance womb at approximately the fourth week after This matter has been the subJect of called glutathione, which has the power to conception, the brain starts to develop, pro­ bills introduced by myself and others affect the taste buds. To figure out how glu­ ducing new cells by means of chemical reac­ in both the 89th and 90th Congresses. tathione works, soientists at ~e University tion involving such crucial ingredients as the I would hope that the House Ways and of Miami have been running tests with a amino acids. These aminos are, in the womb, tiny aquatic creature called a hydra, which supplied by the mother, who derives many of Means Committee to whom this legisla­ is practically covered with taste buds. Their them from the protein in her own diet; after tion will be referred will see fit to hold eventual hope is to develop a kind of uni­ birth, the infant for a time gets them from early hearings to resolve the issues raised versal flavoring that will make anything ap­ the protein-rich mother's milk and then by the bill. petizing. This may seem implausible, but a from other food. If at any point in the se­ Very simply stated, my bill would per­ hydra has been observed trying to eat a glass quence the amino supply is deficient, the mit professional businesses to legiti­ rod that had been steeped in glutathione. brain growth simply slows. Yet the body will mately organize as associations and cor­ not stop growing. Under the stress of inade­ BOW TO CONVERT A PECK OF SOYBEANS INTO porations under State laws with some A POUND OF GROUND ROUND quate protein, so often a significant factor of poor diet, instead of expanding with live and assurance of continuity in Federal tax Although toads, termites and worms are functioning brain cells, the nerve tissue may policy with respect to such organization. highly acceptable foods in certain parts of be permanently stunted. We are overdue in acting to guarantee Africa and Southeast Asia, few Americans-­ And this appears to be happening to Dr. this same right of organization to or anybody other than certain Africans and Cravioto's malnourished children. Their professional persons that we have al­ Southeast Asians-would be inclined to eat bodies survived deprivation, but their brains ways given other forms and types of them. But what if worms--or fish meal or, in effect did not. Further studies have placed for that matter, Candida Lipolytica---could the phenomenon virtually beyond doubt. At businesses. be made to look and test like sUced ham or Johns Hopkins, a group led by Dr. Bacon Briefly, Mr. Speaker, the situation pressed duck? People might still prefer the Chow subjected rats to fetal malnourish­ which prompts introduction of this bill real thing, but the substitute would be ren­ ment; even though the babies were well fed is this: dered a great deal more attractive. Today in after weaning, they turned out to be slow First. Statute and legislative reference the U.S., facsimile foods---carefully labeled learners. At Cornell, Dr. Richard Barnes indicates that Congress has historically to show what's in them-are being produced, noted that early starvation of pigs caused and consumed, in increasing quantities. Us­ intended to classify business organiza­ long-term behavior damage. tions according to local law for Federal ing maohinery and techniques borrowed from A still more precise study of effects of the textile industry, processors are spinning nutrition on brain cell growth is under way income tax purposes, subject to neces­ nutritious but unappealing foodstuffs into at the Cornell Medical School laboratories, sary and logical Federal guidelines. dozens of edible substitutes. In the picture where Dr. Myron Winick uses a way of ac­ Second. Cases and regulattions over the at right (picture not shown), for example, curately counting brain cells by measuring 50 years prior to 1960 tended to classify are (from left) synthetic chicken in the amount of nucleic acid in the whole amy professional business whose orga­ chunks and diced; bacon; beef in chunks brain. With this chemical yardstick, he has and ground; and ham in chunks and nization was in the doubtful category, as been able to determine that a rat brain an association raJther than a partnership. diced. Made by General Mills, all of them achieves the bulk of its cells in the first 21 are derived from soybeans like the sack­ days of life. Now Winick and Chilean re­ This classification system acquired the ful in the background, and although their searchers are performing similar tests on the force of law. taste still won't fool anyone, their color brains of children who died from malnu­ Third. In 1960, the so-called Kintner and textures are remarkably like the real trition in Santiago, Chile. They have already regulations changed this longstanding thing. The process begins by spinning determined that the bulk of cells in the classification system. Issued to clarify protein pulp into long, smooth bands of human brain are grown in the first six the staJtus of professional corporations, fibers as thin as three thousandths of an months of life. Some post-mortems have inch (below). Changes in fiber size deter­ they indicaJted the characteristics re­ revealed that undernourished children lack quired, but primarily were keyed to local mine texture and, with the addition of up to 20 % of the brain cells normal for their nutrien1B, color and artificial flavors, almost age. law. As a result, many StaJtes, Minnesota any food can be copied-including, perhaps, The broad implications of these findings included, passed laws enabling incorpo­ something resembling toads, termites and are appalling for a generally hungry world. ration under these regulations. Assuming worms. We must now accept the possib111ty that mal­ the air was cleared, many corporations IN THE WAKE OF STAaVATI:ON, A WOUND FOOD nutrition can mean the mental degradation were formed. However, in 1965, the In­ CANNOT HEAL of whole societies, and that rehabilitation ternal Revenue Service issued new regu­ A basic assumption about hunger seems to efforts may never make up for inadequate lations reversing its position, which if be that you can always cure it with more feeding during infancy. But not all the news upheld, make it almost impossible to cre­ food. But no amount of food and special in the field is grim. Researchers at Washing­ treatment, probably, will ever restore this ton's Children's Hospital report that mon­ ate a professional corporation, regardless bloated waif-and millions like him-to full goloid children treated with certain amino and in spite of State laws permitting the health. Since birth he has suffered from un­ acids walk and talk earller than expected, same. dernourishment, and starvation has wounded which may mean that ways will be found to No business can operate without some him in a deep, subtle, and until recently un­ correct nutritional brain damage chemical­ basis of continuity of the ground rules. suspected way. ly. Dr. Bernard Rimland of San Diego's Child If any set of rules should be stable, the Dr. Joaquin Cravioto is a Mexico City pedi­ Behavior Research Institute goes further to rules governing the basic tax classifica­ atrician with experience in treating infants suggest that nutritional improvements might suffering from the protein-deficiency disease someday help raise the average I.Q. level tion of businesses for tax purposes should called kwashiorkor. Ten years ago he noticed from 100 to 130. For research to proceed from be stable and not subject to administra­ that even after his most severely affected warnings of disaster to a prescription for tive whim. Businesses, almost without patients recovered, they seemed dull-witted general betterment is a happy irony, but the exception-except for the professions and did far worse on intelligence tests than disaster is much nearer at hand. with which this bill deals-are now al­ other children of their age. Their I.Q. scores ALICIA HILLS MOORE. lowed to decide whether to adopt the ranged as low as 25 points below normal. Fur­ partnership, association, or corporate ther testing in mountain villages in Mexico form nnder applicable State laws. There and Guatemala confirmed his findings: is no logical reason for denying this poorly fed infants were consistently less ad­ THE TAX TREATMENT OF PROFES­ vanced than adequately fed ones. choice to persons who are rendering per­ SIONAL ASSOCIATIONS AND COR­ sonal services in the medical or legal To explain the phenomenon, several possi­ PORATIONS bilities existed. Underfeeding left children fields. Fairness and equity in application vulnerable to a variety of diseases, while con­ of the Federal income tax laws demands ditions among the poorest families invited HON. ANCHER NELSEN that all businesses be treated alike in this attacks by parasites and the effects of expo­ sense. sure. Genetics might also help explain why OF MINNESOTA the malnourished children failed to measure IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The only apparent reason for the 1965 amendments to the regulations was to up in intelligence. Wednesday, February 19, 1969 But biochemists had yet another answer, prevent a possible reduction in Federal a far more ominous one. The human brain Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, I am once revenues. I am certainly convinced that accompllshes 80% of its growth in the first again introducing a bill to amend the this is not an adequate reason for ignor­ three years of life, even though the rest of Internal Revenue Code so as to clarify ing years of legal precedent and con­ the body grows to only 20% of adult size in the tax status of professional corpora­ gressional intent in this field. Further­ the same period. Beginning in the mother's tions. more, the providing of health, pension, February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4141 and profit-sharing plans through tax in­ be as associations and corporations, rather framework for deciding which classification centives under the corporate structure is than as partnerships, under these regulations, system should be :followed in these cases because these groups seem to have the re­ The issue is: How should professional asso­ a worthy objective and a legitimate use quired characteristics for corporateness. ciations and corporations, as described earlier of the tax laws. Indeed, I am advised that Finally, in the recent amendments to the in this article, be classified for federal income any possible total tax revenue loss will be Kintner Regulations, the Internal Revenue tax purposes? minimal when it is realized that most Service has pushed 1jo an extreme and sug­ The case for classifying these groups as profits will be ultimately taxable, even gests that professional associations and cor­ partnerships depends upon several conten­ though such taxation might be immedi­ porations are partnerships, rather than asso­ tions but primarily upon the alleged adverse ately deferred. ciations and corporations, for federal tax revenue consequences. The revenue ques­ purposes. Thus, the system is changed from tion, however, has several aspects. One as­ The position taken by the Internal the pre-Kintner regulations sweeping all pect is the matter of whether less revenue Revenue Service in 1965 is untenable. It doubtful cases into the association category, will be collected as a result of classifying violates fairness, equity, reasonableness, to a more neutral position in the Kintner these groups as associations rather than as years of legal precedent, and the intent Regulations based on heavy reliance on local partnerships. The only self-evident truth of Congress as to the tax treatment of law, and finally to the amended Kintner is that the revenue considerations will vary business organizations operating legiti­ Regulations sweeping all "doubtful" cases in different circumstances. Less revenue matetly under State law. I would urge all (or at least professional associations and will be collected when the recipient of de­ corporations) into the partnership category. ferred income paid from a pension or profit my colleagues to support hearings and These amendments grasp for any distinction sharing plan (either the employee or his passage of this needed legislation at the between what they refer to as typical busi­ beneficiary) is in a lower marginal tax earliest possible date. ness corporations and professional groups. bracket; the same amount of revenue will be This entire issue is given a quite ex­ Then the thin distinction is magnified into collected when the taxpayer is in the same haustive analysis in a :fine article by a universal indication of the absence of cor­ marginal tax bracket at the time of receipt Prof. Stephen B. Scallen, associate pro­ porateness. These amended regulations ap­ as the employee was in the year in which fessor and assistant dean of the Uni­ pear to use local law, professional ethics, and the benefit was earned; and more revenue versity of Minnesota Law School, in the the agreement governing the relationship of will be collected when the recipient is in a the parties, wherever possible, to deny class­ higher tax bracket than was the employee March 1965 issue of the Minnesota Law ification as association or corporation; but when the benefit was earned. It is not Review. Mr. Speaker, I insert the sum­ on the other hand, they ignore the agree­ readily evident which of these situations pre­ mary and conclusions of Professor Seal­ ments between the parties when they at­ vails overall. Some of the benefits are len's study at this point in the RECORD, tempt to impute a corporate characteristic earned in years when the employee is in a along with the text of my bill: to the organization in its natural form under low bracket. By retirement time his income local law. When practicalities detract from from all sources may be much higher. Even SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION corporateness, they are emphasized; when lf the income is earned at a time of fairly The various versions of the statute and they tend to support the presence of a cor­ high personal service income, income from legislative history suggest Congress probably porate characteristic, they are ignored. investments may become substantial in later intended, in the beginning, to classify busi­ Under these amendments, professional as­ years. Obviously, therefore, there will not ness organizations according to local law for sociations and corporations would probably be a revenue loss in all cases. federal income tax consequences. This clas­ be classified as partnerships. The Kintner Furthermore, there will be an immediate, sification was apparently to be made by local Regulations and the amendments require if temporary, increase in the tax paid by law label, so long as the label was not a better than two out of four of the corporate many professional groups changing from the sham. It was recognized that the difference characteristics for classification as an associa­ partnership to the corporation form. If the in form of organization under local law could tion or corporation; the presence of only two partnership has been operating on a taxable result in different consequences to businesses out of four requires classification as a part­ year that is not a calendar year, income from similar in all respects except for the formal nership. the partnership has been reported for the structure under local law. It was recognized The Kintner Regulations in some respects calendar year during which the partnership that personal service corporations were so are inconsistent with the earlier regulations year ends, thus causing a deferral of taxa­ like partnerships that, for a brief period, they and with the cases; the amended regulations tion of partnership income. When the were treated as partnerships for tax pur­ are almost wholly inconsistent with them. If group changes to the corporation form, the poses; but it was decided to revert to taxing the principles of the amendments were ap­ salaries paid to the doctor employees will be personal service corporations as corporations, plied to the entire classification system, not taxable in the year received, not later, and according to the local law classification. just to professional groups, the result would consequently there will be both acceleration The courts, largely following the regula­ probably be that no closely held, personal and bunching of income, With considerably tions, tended to classify borderline groups as service organization could be a corporation greater tax paid, and paid sooner, as a associations. The courts looked to the agree­ for federal income tax purposes. Since that result. ment governing the relationship of the broad change of approach to the problem At least it is apparent that in the arith­ parties in finding characteristics which sup­ probably was not intended, the result appears metic of national finance, the alleged ad­ ported classification of these groups as as­ to be a special set of rules-not entirely con­ verse effect will not be great. After all the sociations. In all the medical cases litigated, sistent with the general rules-for classifica­ economy withstood a substantial tax cut the groups have been classified as associa­ tion of professional groups. Why these without suffering. Furthermore, just one tions. Clearly the professional would be groups require special, discriminatory-in-ap­ revenue ruling, such as the recent ruling on classified under the cases as corporation and plication, rules is not readily apparent. deductibility of treble damage judgments, association corporation and professional as­ All these systems of classification seem to may have revenue consequences of about sociation for federal income tax purposes. apply, rather shallowly, certain differences the same magnitude. For 50 years the regulations consistently between corporations and partnerships, with­ Another aspect of revenue considerations tended to classify borderline cases as asso­ out an examination of the relevance of the is the deferral of recognition of income which ciations. At one point Congress reversed this differences for federal income tax conse­ will clearly result through the typical pen­ tendency for certain groups strongly resem­ quences. Where this application is a result sion and profit sharing plan adopted by pro­ bling partnerships. The regulations spoke of of mere adoption of the local law classifica­ fessional associations and corporations. The various factors as indicators of corporateness, tion, it is understandable as consistent With impact of this deferral is not likely to be and seemed to emphasize local law in dis­ what was probably the legislative intent; but great in any particular year, however, because cussing these indicators, although without the relevance of the highly strained and ex­ the transition of these groups to association explicitly rejecting the agreement of the treme distinctions drawn under the amended form, and then the implementation of full parties as relevant. Under this long line of Kintner Regulations is less evident. Where­ pension and profit sharing benefits are likely regulations, classification of professional as the cases and the regulations appear to to consume many years. Also, a large num­ associations and corporations would clearly give more weight to, for instance, limited lia­ ber of professional groups, perhaps more be as corporations. This long-standing regu­ bility, the Kintner and amended Kintner than half, never will change. In any event latory approach to the classification question Regulations weigh each "characteristic" the the income will be reported sooner or later. was abruptly changed in the wake of the same, and omit certain characteristics which The relevance of either the assumed rev­ Kintner case by the publication of the Kint­ once were used to justify classification of enue loss or the effect of deferral of income ner Regulations which seemed to place ulti­ groups as associations. to this classification problem is doubtful. mate reliance on the significance of local Of course, nothing in the statutes compels They are not supposed to control the deciding law in applying each criterion of corporate­ a court to take one view or the other on this of particular tax cases, and they should not ness, and which reject the use of the agree­ classification question. With a wide possible be considered when there is as much his­ ment between the parties as a source of range of interpretations of the statutory tory-legislative, judicial, and administra­ corporate characteristics, although not as a "definitions" that might be considered by a tive-as in the instant case to provide the source of diluting corporate characteristics. court, or by one who predicts what a cour-t; basis :for decision. To change a long stand­ Nevertheless, classification of professional might do, or by one who suggests what a ing rule merely because the revenue consid­ associations and corporations would probably court should do, it is necessary to develop a erations have changed does not seem to be a 4142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 proper use of the power to promulgate inter­ ity as the federal tax consequences (and if businesses for federal income tax purposes. pret! ve regulations. harmful for federal purposes, harmful for At stake is the basic element of fairness and Another reason advanced to justify the state revenue purposes also). equality that should be used in the applica­ amended regulations is that doctor and law­ Consequently, it might be argued, the tion and administration of the federal tax yer groups have always been taxed as partner­ more appropriate role for the federal courts laws. The change proposed by the amended ships and, therefore, Congress intends to is to recognize these state acts for federal Kintner Regulations is one--hazarding a pre­ continue to tax them as partnerships. income tax purposes, as Congress no doubt diction-that Congress would never adopt. Besides the obvious non sequitur, the intended, and not to jump to the conclusion Furthermore, for nontax reasons pensions first difficulty with this argument is that that something is sinister and wrong with and pro.flt sharing plans are desirable and some medical groups have long been oper­ the removal of a state created bar to practic­ worthy of some tax benefits. These plans pro­ ated in the form of associations. The pros­ ing law and medicine in the corporate form. vide incentive for these employer-owners to pect of the application of the amended reg­ If federal tax consequences gave the final fund their own retirement through such ulations to those groups serves to put the push to the state decision to change what plans, rather than leave retirement fund­ consistency matter in issue rather clearly were, at most, emotionally based prohibitions, ing to chance. Providing tax incentives to and to rebut the factual assertion. The sec­ so what? Federal tax consequences, and in this worthy objective is a legitimate use of ond difficulty is that Congress has evidenced some cases limited liability, are about the the tax laws. absolutely no intention to restrict these only substantial considerations in choosing The above analysis calls for a framework groups to one form or another for federal in­ the form for doing business, as a result of to allow these benefits to doctors and law­ come tax purposes. The congressional form decades of lawyer ingenuity in removing the yers, if they are willing to adopt the appro­ and intent never included, or frb'ze into the other differences. The states, not surpris­ priate business form, rather than a frame­ tax law, state-created bars to the practice of ingly, are finally recognizing this fact and work that seems to deny it. In coming to professions in the corporate form. allowing professional groups, as other busi­ this conclusion no difficulty should be raised It has been stated that although doctors nesses, to elect federal tax consequences by by the observation that many will not be and lawyers could change their forms of their choice of the local law form for doing able to obtain these benefits--for instance organization enough to be classified as cor­ business. those employed by corporations who have no porations or associations, both the profes­ Presumably, the tax base is not significant­ such plans or those not eligible for coverage sional association discussed herein and some ly involved in this controversy since the in­ under plans adopted. Some day that in­ professional corporations have not changed come of the business, with quite minor ex­ equity may be rectified. Therefore, a frame­ enough. The regulations go far beyond this ceptions, will be taxed eventually. Deferred work should be adopted consistent with al­ reasonable, if not persuasive, position. But a compensation benefits under an employment lowing these professional groups to organize position on the classification issue depends on contract, pension benefits, and profit sharing under local law as associations and corpora­ how one reads the authorities, and why. If benefits all will eventually be included in tions. The framework could be that vague you start with the Kintner Regulations as someone's income. Although total exclusion one developed under the cases and pre­ gospel, ignore the previous decades of cases from the tax base is allowed for qualified sick Klntner regulations. Classification of these and regulations, assume ultimate construc­ pay and for funds spent on such fringe bene­ groups as associations and corporations tion of these enabling statutes in the least fits as group life insurance, these benefits would seem to follow easily. helpful way, and then apply the Kintner are rather minor and are not important On the technical level, the reeanactment Regulations in as hostile a manner as pos­ enough in revenue e:ffect to be considered. and long-standing rules do give considerable sible, you can logically defend the conclusion There seems to be a lack of discussion of weight to the earlier approach leading to clas­ that these groups are not associations. the effect of the incorporation of these groups sification of groups as associations. There Whether the doctors and lawyers have on the progressive character of our income is no clear authority that the Commissioner arranged for enough legislative change to tax, and the policies served by a progressive can change interpretative rules that have enable these groups to achieve association or tax. Considering revenue considerations, the survived many reenactments and that have corporation classification for tax purposes, discussion set forth above applies. On the received "the force of law" by courts adopt­ can also be answered either historically or in level of policies served by progression, it ing the criteria they provide. terms of the relevant policy considerations. is difficult to see how those revenue consid­ But it the Commissioner should be able Herein it is argued that history strongly sup­ erations are so compelling, if of any merit at to change the approach taken in such regu­ ports the classification of these groups as all, as to justify di:fferent treatment of two lations, the question remains: when, or in associations, and that policy reasons require groups of "businessmen" in the business of other words, for what reasons? Certainly association classification where elected by the rendering personal services, assuming both there is merit in consistency in such regu­ group through adopting the association or groups desire to be classified as associations lations. Once a position ls taken and widely corporation form under local law. Why the or corporations. Furthermore, the tax sys­ adopted by the courts, it is best to continue answer should rather be found in a harsh tem may be too progressive for personal serv­ the approach, because it is desirable for taxa­ reading of some regulations which are in ice income, and yet too riddled with excep­ tion rules to have good predictabiUty of re­ many respects inconsistent with the cases tions available to corporate executives and sult, especially on the basic question of what and the long-standing regulations preceding owners, but not to partners. form a business organization shall have for is not clear. Finally, the attitude of the Internal Reve­ federal income tax consequences. If change Another reason given for denying the cor­ nue Service might be attributed to a belief occurs, a period of great turmoil results. porateness of some organizations is that the that the provisions of the Code on fringe Good reasons are needed to support such a state laws have as their sole object the benefits are too liberal, and also have been change, and minor shifts in revenue ad­ changing of the federal tax treatment of abused. If so, the remedy is not to deny vantage are not good enough reasons. these groups. Presumably, such reasoning these benefits to one group of businessmen, If changes are to be made, the Internal also asserts that something is sinister about while allowing the other groups to retain Revenue Service should be respectful of the that objective, and apparently assumes that those benefits. The answer is to attempt re­ authorities--legislative history and declara­ compelling reasons are present for continuing form of the basic provisions applicable to tions, and the decided cases of the courts. the traditional classification of these par­ all. Sometimes the regulations do have to be ticular groups for tax purposes. The last changed. The Clifford Regulations are an point is dealt with above. The sinister char­ The case for classifying these groups as acter of these acts is not apparent. These associations and corporations as intended by example. But they were bottomed on the their owners, is simple enough. The classi­ Clifford case, and served the great need of acts do not a:ffect just federal taxation, but providing detailed rules for predicting conse­ also affect local taxation, and presumably in fication for tax purposes was intended by the same way as the federal revenue is Congress to be primarily a local law classi­ quences of certain very common arrange­ affected. The argument is that the federal fication, even if subject to some federal lim­ ments. courts should not recognize this blatant its. Since the cases and regulations for 50 The Kintner Regulations, although repre­ attempt to change the federal tax conse­ years tended to classify doubtful groups as senting some change of emphasis, do have quences to taxpayers by a mere change of associations, that classification system ac­ some utiUty as a framework for deciding state law. quired the force of law. The recent attempts these cases by assuming a reasonable, not a Another way of looking at the matter is to change the law by regulation should not strained and hostile, interpretation of those that Congress left the matter of form of busi­ receive favor by the courts. Furthermore, regulations. The technical, local law ap­ ness to the states, in spite of the resulting these professional businesses are entitled, so proach of those regulations has merit. The differences in taxation of otherwise identical far as federal tax law is concerned, to choose criteria of the cases and pre-Kintner regula­ businesses; the statutes enacted are well whatever local law form the states will tol­ tions was not founded on practicality, and within the range of that delegation; the erate. Other businesses may decide whether in that respect the Kintner Regulations are states have only acted to remove a traditional to adopt the partnership form or the cor­ no worse. They do provide some ease of appli­ bar to doctors and lawyers using the corpo­ poration form, and no good reason has been cation, some predictabllity. Serious reserva­ rate form; these statutes have substantial given to deny this choice to those who are tions remain concerning the weight of each local law effects, on the same technical level in the business of rendering personal serv­ of the Kintner Regulations criteria. Clearly, as the admitted differences in corporations ices in the medical or legal fields. Stated an­ in the cases and the pre-Kintner regulations, and partnerships; and these statutes do have other way, there is no good reason for treat­ not all these criteria are of equal importance. local law tax consequences of the same qual- ing these businesses differently than other Yet the Kintner Regulations make them February 21, 1969 . EXTENSIONS 'OF REMARKS 4143 equal. Clearly, llmlted 11ability is of greater law is to be treated as a corporation for pur­ ways. He was careful and cautious in pre­ importance and has greater weight than the poses of the Internal Revenue Code shall be . scribing remedies, yet bold and decisive when other criteria; perhaps this importance could made as if this Act had not been enacted and the decision was made to act. He was a . kind be reflected by giving that criterion double without inferences drawn from the fact that man, gentle, soft-spoken and slow to anger. weight, 1f a fairly mechanical system must this Act is not made applicable with respect I remember :finding in the drawer of that be used. Another advantage to using the to years before 1965. big desk in the corner office of the State­ Kintner criteria is that they were partly de­ SEc. 3. The amendments made by the first house wha.t must have been the notes to one signed to settle the troublesome problem of section of this Act shall apply to taxable of his speeches on the state of the State. classification faced by the oil and gas in­ years beginning after December 31, 1964. It was written in ink on smallish paper in dustry. It would not be desirable to un­ his careful and very readable script, much as settle that area by throwing out the Kintner a Doctor might have prepared a prescrip­ criteria entirely, and it is not necessary to tion. I recognized what I had found, for do so since medical and legal groups setting TRIDUTE TO DR. C. A. ROBINS I heard it spoken and the handwritten text up to do business under the professional checked very closely with the Senate Journal corporation and association acts could qual­ for the day that the message was received. ify under the Kintner Regulations, reasonably HON. ORVAL HANSEN Governor Robins' most massive accom­ interpreted, as associations. While approv­ OF IDAHO plishment in the Statehouse was the reor­ ing the Kintner Regulations might seem to ganization of Idaho's Public School District be a slight compromise with the history of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES System. The enactment and implementation the pre-Klntner regulations and cases, it can Thursday, February 20, 1969 of that program has to be one of the quiet­ be defended as a useful and fair compromise. est revolutions in .history. It was not less More important, it can also be defended as Mr. HANSEN of Idaho. Mr. Speaker, than that. The number of school districts a return to what Congress probably intended recently one of Idaho's most beloved citi­ was reduced from upwards of 1,200 to not originally, to let local law determine the zens quietly observed his 84th birthday. more than 125. School administration laws form of business and to let tax classification Dr. C. A. Robins served as Governor of were enacted that have provided the founda­ normally follow. The pre-Kintner regulations the State of Idaho from 1947 to 1951. tion for most of the progress in that field and the cases were not necessarily well bal­ that has occurred since. anced or justified in their tendency to clas­ I :first met Dr. Robins while serving as ms administration also witnessed the com­ sify all doubtful cases as associations. State president of the Future Farmers mencement of our efforts in highway depart­ The amendments to the Kintner Regula­ of America when it was my privilege to ment reorganization. These in the fullness of tions, on the other hand, have no support present to him the honorary State time resulted in the superb organization that historically, are not a balanced, fair approach farmer degree in recognition of his out­ now administers our wideranging highway to the problem, and discriminate against cer­ standing leadership in improving and construction and maintenance program. tain professional groups without justifica­ strengthening public education in Idaho. The Southern Branch became Idaho State tion. Consequently, a court need not follow Over the past three decades I have College in those years, and commenced its march toward full University status. This such changes unless the Commissioner con­ been deeply in Dr. Robins' debt for his vinces it that compelling reasons of legisla­ achievement was uniquely Governor Robins' tive policy justify the change, and that the friendship, for his wise counsel, and for personal accomplishment. He was the first court is a better forum for the legislative his encouragement to me to pursue a North Idaho Governor and could assuage like change than the legislature. That should be career in public service. none of the rest of us could the fears of the the burden of the Internal Revenue Service Dr. Robins' public service and private friends of the University of Idaho. A bill in these cases. life have been characterized by a deep which in any other session would have pro­ The Kintner Regulations, before amend­ love and understanding of his fellow duced fratricidal con:fiict of massive propor­ ment, are a good illustration of the proper man, a compassion for the underdog and tion was skillfully and peacefully guided to exercise of the power to change interpreta­ a faith in the future. Idaho has produced unanimous passage. The fioor leader who tive regulations, if it exists, since they more managed the bill in the Senate was the Sen­ faithfully interpret the original content of many great public figures but none for ator from Latah County. Congress, since they aid predictab111ty, and whom the people have greater affection The Robins' administration also marked since they have the practical value of avoid­ than this kind, gentle, and soft spoken the commencement of modernization of the ing excursions into a morass of facts. physician. State's efforts in conservation of our endow­ I include as part of my remarks are­ ment resources. This slow and still unfin­ H.R. 3564 ished work of preserving our forests, our fish cent article by Robert E. Smylie, former and wildlife, our park areas and our range­ A bUl to amend section 7701 of the Internal Governor of Idaho, published in the lands also traces its modern history back to Revenue Code of 1954 to clarifry the tax Idaho Observer paying tribute to Dr. the Robins' years. On his accomplishments status of certain professional associations Robins: in these fields we have built one of the finest and corporations formed under State law THE MAN WHO LED IDAHO INTO MODERN wildlife conservation agencies in the West, Be it enacted by the Senate and House STATEHOOD and have finally achieved a State Department of Representatives of the United States of (By Robert E. Smylie) of Parks that promises soon to equal the ac­ America in Congress assembled, That the complishments of its older brother in con­ following provisions of section 7701 (a) of the Sometime in December Governor C. A. servation. Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (relating to Robins had a birthday. He was 84, and I pre­ The beginnings of Idaho's modern state definitions) are amended as follows: sume, as was his right, that he passed the library and museum also are marked in the (1) Paragraph (1) is amended to read as day in quiet contemplation. The Lewiston years between 1947-1951. Those commence­ follows: Morning Tribune published a notable inter­ ments were modest indeed, but the splendid "(1) PERsoN.-The term 'person' shall be view with him, but as far as I know the date building that will soon grace the Capitol Mall construed to mean and include an individual, was otherwise unmarked. as a permanent home for the Library will be a trust, estate, partnership, or corporation." It would be natural that I should hold the In part at least, a memorial in spirit to those (2) Paragraph (3) is amended to read as good, grey doctor in affectionate and hon­ venturesome years. follows: ored esteem. He set my course toward public Doctor Robins' inauguration marked the "(3) CoRPORATION.-The term 'corporation' service, and opportunities unlimited for an commencement of the now quarter century ·includes associations, joint-stock companies, exciting and rewarding life. Even so, I would long 3.epubl1can Incumbency in the State­ and insurance companies. It also includes have passed his anniversary unnoticed but house. It marked the end of what had been professional corporations and professional for the story in the Tribune. a decad~ of biennial changes in command. associations formed under the laws of any C. A. Robins was our first four-year Gov­ He came later to the Governorship than State, the District of Columbia, or any United ernor and the first to come to power after most, and his wisdom was mellowed with the States possession." the years of World War II. His years in the experience of years, and long and conse­ (3) Paragraph (7) is amended to read as Governorship (1947-1951) really mark Ida­ quential legisl-81tive service. It was one of the follows: ho's transition from colonial status to mod­ myths of that time that he really never "(7) SToCK.-The term 'stock' includes ern statehood. It was not all accomplished wanted to be Governor. I do not believe it. shares in any corporation." in his time, nor is the work yet done, but He had some onerous and disappointing ex­ (4) Paragraph (8) is amended to read as the foundations were put in place in those periences, but on balance I think he rather follows: years, and the spirit and the manpower were liked making things happen. He was modest "(8) SHAREHOLDER.-The term 'sharehold­ gathered under his guidance that have made and unassuming; perhaps more so than the er' includes a member of any corporation". much that has happened since seem almost governorship of any state really permits, but SEC. 2. For taxable years beginning prior inevitable in retrospect. his friends were people who would go to the to January 1, 1965, the determination as to Tb.e Governor was first of all a physician. well for him, together or all alone. He was whether a professional association or pro­ If you were close to him in the years of his not elected to the Senate when his term as fessional corporation formed under State incumbency you could detect this in many Governor ended, but there are many who 4144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 thought t"len that he should have been, and quaintance of the American artist, John income does not exceed that amount. they still think so. R. Tait, and through him received a For those with nonfarm income in ex­ The Robins' years left Idaho an important commission from the American philan­ cess of $15,000 the amount against which legacy of talent. For one reason or another tropist J. Wilstach, of Philadelphia. farm losses may be offset is reduced dol­ he attracted young people to public service lar for dollar for income above $15,000. like no other man of his time. The accom­ Wilstach's commission enabled him to plishments of Louise Shadduck, who was his paint his first world-renowned canvas: For a. number of years now there has secretary, have become almost a legend in " The Last Day of a Man Condemned to been grave concern about the tremen­ her own time. Edward Woozley came !rom Death." The painting received the covet­ dous tax benefits enjoyed by wealthy in­ Oneida County to be Robins' State Land ed prize of the Paris Salon in 1870, es­ dividual investors and multiple-purpose Commissioner. He went on to hold near cabi­ tablishing Munkacsy's European reputa­ corporations who acquire farms simply net rank in the Department of the Interior. as a means of incurring losses with con­ Clay Spear was a trusted political lieutenant tion. In Paris, he devoted himself to can­ vases of Biblical themes, but with a mod­ sequent income tax savings on an an­ who became District Judge and is now a nual basis coupled with eventual capital Justice of the Supreme Court of Idaho. Perry ern style and message. The best known Swisher, v-ho was one of his youngest and ones are "Christ Before Pilate" and gains treatment when the agricultural strongest adherents, developed into the most "Chlist on Calvary," both purchased by asset is finally sold. effective legislator in Idaho's modern history. John Wanamaker, of Philadelphia. They According to Treasury's study these Scattered all through the state government are regularly exhibited in the Grand tax losses arise from deductions taken are people like George Denney who came to Court of the Wanamaker store in Phila­ because of capital costs or inventory the state service as youngsters in the Robins' delphia to this day during Holy Week. costs and thus represent an investment years and stayed for years of distinguished in farm assets rather than funds ac­ service to the State. The two paintings were also exhibited The good doctor also had the wisdom to on tours in Europe and the Eastern States tually lost. When these tax losses, which not always prefer the young simply because of the United States and produced are not true economic losses, are deducted they were young. Some of us were disap­ great enthusiasm and religious fervor from high bracket nonfarm income tlw pointed when he sent "old" Henry Dworshak among the audiences. Munkacsy vis­ result is a large tax savings on income back to the Senate, but the Governor was ited the United States in 1886, stay­ that would otherwise be taxed at ordi­ right. Dworshak ended his years in the Sen­ nary income tax rates. ate after :uore than a decade as probably the ing in New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. He was proclaimed as According to some Treasury omcials, most effective Senator in all of Idaho's his­ the attractive tax benefits to wealthy tory. one of the great masters of the 19th cen­ It would be fair to say that in the case of tury. A contemporary pamphlet by the persons have enabled them to bid up Governor Robins, I am a biased observer. He editor of the National Academy Notes, prices of farmland, thus forcing upon put my own feet upon the rainbow. None­ Charles M. Kurtz, attests that during its the ordinary farmer a detrimental com­ theless it is a fair statement that his in­ European tours between 1881 and 1886, petition on farmland purchases. Fur­ cumbency as Governor of the State of Idaho more than 2 million people saw the two ther, special farm accounting rules marks the time of the State's transition from paintings in Europe alone. In the United which were developed by the Treasury awkward adolescence, into the first stirrings Department to ease the bookkeeping of vigorous maturity. States, in less than 5 months, 150,000 In retrospect it somehow seems fitting people saw them before John Wanamaker chores for ordinary farmers are the that for those years we chose a physician to had purchased them for $150,000 and vehicles now used by nonfarmers to make be Governor, and to guide us. 500,000 francs, respectively. the life of the true farmer more difficult. We chose well and it is a pleasure to re­ Munkacsy, in his paintings, was seek­ The true farmer must now compete in member that we did. ing to express the nobility and dignity the marketplace with wealthy taxpayers of the human race. His subjects are often whose interest in a fair profit in their contemporary, he even depicted strikers farming activities is guided not by their and workers, but in expressing their deg­ needs but by their nonfarm tax bracket. MUNKACSY: A GREAT HUNGARIAN radation his characters are always pos­ Legislation similar to this was intro­ PAINTER sessed of a certain hope and nobility of duced in the Senate in the 90th Congress spirit. A realist, he still knew that the and reintroduced as S. 500 in this Con­ REMARKS best instincts of man must be portrayed gress. Last year both the Departments of o:r in order to preserve what is good and Agriculture and Treasury endorsed the beautiful in mankind. bill as a means of not only closing the HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONGE Munkacsy is another example of what tax loophole but securing social and eco­ OF CONNECTICUT a free Hungary gave to the world. This nomic justice for people who are sincerely IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is not possible under Communist oppres­ interested in making a living from sion. farming. Thursday, February 20, 1969 An identical measure has been in­ Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, I am glad cluded as part of the extensive and note­ to join with several of my colleagues in FARMING SHOULD BE LIMITED TO worthy tax reform legislation introduced commemorating the 125th anniversary of FARMERS-TAX LEGISLATION TO by the distinguished gentleman from the birth of the internationally renowned BENEFIT THE FAMU..Y FARMER Wisconsin

Dep~tment, Department of Agriculture, Basic. provisions of the Metcalf proposals We face the possibility of a taxpayer revolt many members of Congress and others think include these: if we do not soon make major reforms. The 1aws should be changed. Nonfarm income up to $15,000 could be revolt will come not from the poor, but from Here's an example of how the law benefits completely offset by farming or ranching the tens of mlllions of middle class families those in the maximum income tax bracket. losses in paying income taxes. This should and individuals with incomes of $7,000 to It's cited by the Treasury Department in a protect the person who 1s primarily a farm­ $20,000, who pay over half of our individual report in the Congressional Record of last er or ranchman but has a part-time job or income taxes. Sept. 19. other supplemental income. . The well-to-do investor whose main source Each $1 of nonfarm income between The Federal Government itself has of income is something else buys a cattle $15,001 and $30,000 would reduce the original consistently recognized the inadequate breeding herd. He chooses not to capitalize tax deductions allowed by $1. This means nature of the present individual exemp­ his cost of raising the cattle, amounting to that those with over $30,000 nonfarm income tion rate. For example, we now spend $200,000, and not to use an inventory method could not deduct losses from farming. (There about $2,300 a year to maintain one in­ of accounting. are some exceptions for local taxes, etc.) mate in a Federal prison; and the Cuban His $200,000 expenses are deducted from his Advocates of these measures argue that other income, saving $140,000 in income taxes. they will not keep the city man from having refugee program assumes that a child Then, when his cattle are sold, he pays the a farm. They will merely prevent him from needs $1,200 a year for minimum upkeep, 25 percent capital gains tax. On the $200,000 misusing tax provisions developed primarliy $2,200 if the child is in school. portion, this totals $50,000 which is $90,000 to benefit the bona fide ranchman or farmer. As for the revenue loss resulting from less than the $140,000 he would have had to Some say, that many of the problems of the enactment of this measure, iJt is by pay. surpluses and infiatlon that face agriculture now evident to all concerned that plug­ Citrus orchards offer similar tax-saving op­ today are rooted in this absentee ownership ging only a few of the many blatant loop­ portunities. Many urban businessmen have and tax-loss farming. found it profitable to have income tax sav­ It has been said that this hurts Texas pro­ holes written into our present tax laws ings from ranching and farming, even though ducers more than all of the imports of agri­ would more than offset the cost of rais­ they aren't in quite as high a tax bracket. cultural products from abroad and that pro­ ing the exemption rate to the more real­ Those who have to depend on farming or ducer groups should spend more time try­ istic and equitable level of $1,000 per ranching for all or most of their living say ing to change the tax laws than trying to year. For example, the elimination of the this is hurting them. They say that movie hike import barriers. disgraceful oil depletion allowance alone, stars and many other wealthy persons don't Farmer's Union, the National Grange and as my bill, H.R. 6517, proposes, would even have to see their cattle or citrus; they American Farm Bureau Federation will sup­ result in increased revenues of around hire firms that specialize in managing the port some such legislation in the future, whole deal. probably Metcalf's proposals. But many agri­ $2 billion a year to our National Treas­ Last year Black Watch Farms, which helps cultural organizations have members who ury. Overall, many experts have esti­ clients raise cattle, reported profits exceeding benefit from the tax setup and will oppose mated the total potential savings to our $5 million on $15 mlllion gross revenues. proposed changes. Nation through the elimination of all Harold L. Oppenheimer of Kansas City has Remember, also, that Congress now is tax loopholes to be in the vicinity of $50 written books, "Cowboy Arithmetic," and urban minded. Rep. Jamie Whitten, D-Miss., billion a year. "Cowboy Economics," dealing with the topic. recently said that only 47 out of 435 House He coauthored "cowboy Litigation" on tax members now have as much as 20 per cent of Mr. Speaker, we can no longer in good and legal aspects of ranching. their constituency primarily engaged in agri­ conscience tolerate a tax system which Treasury omcials have said "the attractive culture. It is hard to pass agricultural legis­ provides a ridiculously low and inade­ tax benefits to wealthy persons have enabled lation under such conditions, especially tax quate $600 individual exemption, while them to bid up prices of farm land beyond law changes that are opposed by businessmen simultaneously permitting 155 Americans those which would prevail in a normal farm who benefit from the status q~o: who earned over $200,000, including 21 ·economy ... the ordinary farmer must com­ with incomes of more than $1 million, to pete in the marketplace with these wealthy farm owners who may consider a farm prof­ escape paying taxes altogether in 1967. I it--in the economic sense--unnecessary for strongly urge the Committee on Ways their purposes." INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX and Means to give my measure to in­ Agriculture Secretary Orville Freeman ad­ EXEMPTION crease the individual exemption rate to vocates changing the tax laws to eliminate $1,000 full consideration in its hearings farm tax havens for corporations or individ­ which began this week on tax reform. I uals that have major nonfarm sources of HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH believe the enactment of this measure, income. OF NEW JERSEY along with the passage of other worth­ Here in Texas, studies by Texas A&M IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES economists indicate that the productive value while and long-overdue proposals for o~ l_and for farming and ranching today has Thursday, February 20, 1969 reform of our tax structure, will result almost no relationship to current infiated in a more just and equitable system for prices. Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, I am today all our citizens. One agricultural worker recently told me reintroducing legislation which I spon­ he knew of no place in Texas now where land sored in the 90th Congress to incxease can be bought at a price that will yield ade­ the individual income tax exemption rate quate returns from farming. per dependent from $600 to $1,000 a year. Another sold Brazos bottomlands and put Over the past three decades, the cost GLENDALE HONORS APOLLO his funds in higher-yielding investments. A of living in the United States has more Hill Country editor told me landowners in than tripled. During this same period his country are selling out to San Antonio the personal exemption rate, originally HON. SAM STEIGER businessmen and putting the money in stocks OF ARIZONA and bonds. designed to xelate to the cost of living I should emphasize that city businessmen and the cost of raising a family, has been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wpo farm or ranch often help rural areas. increased only once and then by only Thursday, February 20, 1969 TJleir spending for supplies, labor and equip­ $100. As a further proof of just how out­ ment benefits small towns and the people dated the personal exemption rate has Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, who live there. They can afford to try new become, the Department of Health, Edu­ the personal dignity, courage, and honor things and often contribute to pro~ress. cation, and Welfare reports that it now of the crew of the Apollo 8, along with Everyone I know associated with agricul­ the technical excellence and uniqueness ture agrees that this trend is a mixed bless­ costs an average of over $1,400 per year to raise a child to the age of 18. To then of that flight, moved the Glendale, Ariz. ~ ing as well as a problem. Almost everyone also Union High School Districts' Board of ~h!nks . ,something should be· done about the provide this same child with a college tax law. · education now costs American parents Educa.tion to name its new high school, When Congress conve.nes next year, it will approximately $2,500 per academic year. the Apollo High School. Hopefully, its be asked to revise the tax laws. This has been . Needless to say, the hopelessly inade­ students will choose to emulate the char­ tried before, but nothing happened. quate exemption rate most adversely af­ acteristics and the excellence of the men Leader in efforts· to change the laws has been Sen. Lee Metcalf, D-Mont. He intro­ fects the ordinary wage earner situated and the expedition. my duced, bill(>, then revise th_em at the S\lgg~s­ between poverty· and wealth. It is to this Mr. Speaker, I include with re­ tion· of the ·;rr.easury and USDA. At ~e recent group that former Sooretary of the marks a letter in this regard, addressed session, th,ese were SB '4059 and HR 19916, Treasury Jose:ph M. Ban··referred when to Col. Frank Borman, Jr., Air Force a coin:panion bill in the House. lie said recently: · Systems Command, Houston, Tex.: 4146 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 FEBRUARY 4, 1969. of speech that point at which I begin to that these facts demonstrated the haz­ Col. FRANK BORMAN, Jr., say "no"? That point at which I march 1n a ardousness of the duties of Federal fire­ Air Force Systems Command, Scientific and street with a printed sign or sit ftrmly out­ fighters, and that they should, in all jus­ Technical Liaison Office, NASA Manned side the head omce of Dow Chemical? tice, be included among the hazardous Spacecraft Center, Houston, Tex. America, does dissent frighten you? I believe duty occupations of the Federal service. DEAR COLONEL BoRMAN: The Board of Edu­ it does. And because of that fear are you cation of the Glendale Union High School going to leave the word "No" out of the The subcommittee voted to report this District No. 205, at their meeting January vocabulary encompassed by freedom t Amer­ legislation favorably to the full commit­ 6, 1969, named the sixth school in the dis­ ica, where does my freedom to dissent end? tee. When a committee quorum could not trict "Apollo" in honor and appreciation of Or do I even have that freedom? be reached in the hectic press of ad­ the accomplishments of the participating I think we're having a lovers quarrel, you journment business, the bill was brought astronauts. and I. Caring for someone enough to come to the floor of the House under unani­ "Apollo" High School is now on the draw­ right out and tell them when something is wrong is an act of love. Wanting for someone mous consent rules. When an objection ing board of our architects, the site is owned to by the district, and the taxpayers of the what is best at any cost is also an act of love, this procedure was raised and sus­ district have approved bonding for the school. and I love you, America. But at times I do not tained the bill was recommitted to com­ Construction is expected to start in June of agree with some of the things you are doing. mittee and thus killed. I am optimistic this year with anticipated completion for It is at these times I must come right out and that the Congress will quickly enact this occupancy in September of 1970. express my feelings. It is at these times I take legislation into law. Only in this manner We wish to extend an invitation to you up the challenge of freedom, the challenge can we show that we are not blind to the and the other members of the Apollo 8 crew you yourself have given me--the freedom to inequity that exists now. to participate in the dedication ceremony in be me. Why can't you :isten to me? Your My second bill, which I also sponsored August or September of 1970, with the exact torch of freedom has shown bright over all date to be established so it fits within your the world. You have proclaimed your chal­ in the last Congress, would improve the schedule. lenge to many nations. But will your ears be basic workweeks of fireftghting personnel Sincerely yours, clear enough to hear my cries here at home? of executive agencies. Not only are fire­ Mrs. GRAYDON B. HALL, Will your eyes be open enough to see my tears fighters not accorded the same benefits President. and will your heart be sensitive enough to given another group for performing haz­ Rev. EVERE'l"l' B. LUTHER, feel my longing for peace of mind? Please, ardous duties, but they are required to Clerk. leave yourself open to my words, the words work a 72-hour week for 52 weeks a year, Dr. ARTHUR N. LINDBERG, I speak in reaction to your challenge of freedom. You speak for what you believe and including holidays and Sundays. My bill Member. stipulates that the basic workweek of Dr. JosEPH P. VooRHEES, you want everyone to listen. I speak for what Member. I believe and all I ask is that you listen. Will each Federal firefighter not exceed 120 ARNOLD H. RovEY, you listen? Or once again will pollee dogs be hours within each 2-yeew pay period, the Member. set on me in Birmingham? Will you listen? hours of duty of each work shift being Or once again will I be beaten to the streets consecutive. For hours of duty in excess of Chicago? Will you listen or once again wlll of the regular hours of duty-40 hours-­ I die in vain in Viet Nam. VOICE OF DEMOCRACY CONTEST, America, listen to your people's pleadings. the firefighter would be entitled to over­ VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF For our understanding of each other is the time, night, Sunday, and holiday pay THE UNITED STATES only hope of bridging a glorious past to a rates. free and challenging future! Also during the last session, I thought perhaps the most comprehensive way to HON. WENDELL WYATT aid both local and Federal firefighters, as OF OREGON well as the general public, would be to es­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES GONZALEZ BILLS BENEFIT LOCAL tablish a reputable body of research into Thursday, February 20, 1969 AND FEDERAL FIREFIGHTERS fire prevention and control. We need to know more about effective measures for Mr. WYATT. Mr. Speaker, each year reducing the destructive effects of fire, the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ throughout the country. We need to eval­ United States and its ladies auxiliary OF TEXAS uate the present and future needs for conducts a Voice of Democracy Contest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trained, and educated firemen; we need and this year approxi.mately 400,000 Thursday, February 20, 1969 to know whether the public's demand for school students throughout the United competent firemen requires Federal States participated therein. The theme Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I am grants for their education, or possibly a of this year's contest was "Freedom's introducing today legislation on behalf national policy of draft deferment for Challenge." The Oregon winner in the of some of the most faithful and most firemen, or both. Therefore, I introduced contest was Miss Teri Little, of McMinn­ hard-working public servants in Ameri­ a joint resolution to establish a National ville, Oreg., and I include herein her can society today-the firefighters. Advisory Commission on Fire Prevention prize-winning speech: Recognizing their contribution and at the same time recognizing the obvious and Control. FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE and underlying hazards that face them I am very pleased indeed that this Com­ (By Teri Little) daily, I am reintroducing a bill which mission was incorporated within Public Hello, America. I guess it is about time we would provide for the inclusion of Fed­ Law 90-259, which Congress passed last have a man to country talk. We've been drift­ March. Title n establishes the Commis­ ing farther and farther apart, you and I. eral firefighters under the hazardous oc­ cupations retirement provisions of title sion. The Commission would be composed We've needed a talk for a long time. I think of the Secretaries of Commerce and we both realize that. We're beginning to lose 5, United States Code. The bill would thus our understanding of each other and our provide Federal firefighting personnel the Housing and Urban Development and 18 love is wavering in that loss. To regain our opportunity to retire at age 50 with other members appointed by the Presi­ understanding and to reinforce our love, we minimum service of 20 years, with full dent, plus four advisory members from must talk to each other if we both would annuities, providing the head of the Congress. The Commission is to report its fulfill our destinies. Both of our destinies agency so recommends that the Civil findings in 2 years. are wrapped up in freedom-and, America, At long last, the morbid evidence of that's what we have to talk about. Service Commission approves. Federal law-enforcement officers are now cov­ deaths, injuries, and property damage The freedom you have given me is more, pressed the need for comprehensive re­ much more than a gift. It is a challenge, it 1s ered under this provision, and so are the an exciting challenge and I am ready to meet District of Columbia firemen. search into this area. But fortunately, it. But, must it be accepted on your terms Last fall I testified in behalf of the although the law was passed and the alone? You have given me the freedom to ex­ Senate-passed bill and my similar bill need was recognized, appropriations press myself openly. You have given me the before a subcommittee of the House Com­ were not approved because of the· cut­ freedom of speech and of the press. But does mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. back in Federal expenditures. So now the freedom of speech mean I can speak from law exists, but the Commission cannot be my convictions? And freedom of the press­ I cited figures of the high fatality rate can I print my deepest concerns? I'm not among firemen. I cited figures that lost organized nor its studies begun. To rec­ sure anymore. America, is there a llmlt to time due to injuries for firemen is higher tify this, I am introducing a bill to ap­ freedom? And is that limit on the freedom than for any other profession. I argued propriate $665,000 for implementation February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4147 of this important Commission. The fig­ ther, or my husband would fight with such Catonsville Junior High School and worked ure is the Department of Commerce's es­ determination to make a dream come true 1n the mall room of the Ellicott City Times. timate of the total costs of the Commis­ for their children and have it taken away by He enlisted in the Army last February and be some self-centered radical who has yet any­ was sent to Vietnam in September. sion. The rewards shall greater than thing to yell except "I want!" In addition to his parents. his survivors this sum. And yet--freedom was a dream; a dream include three brothers, Michael Campbell Accordingly, I urge the Congress for for which men fought and died. This dream Ronald Campbell, and Clyde Campbell, and favorable consideration of this appro­ became a blessing and was given to all Amer­ two sisters, Brenda Campbell and Carolyn priation bill and the two bills that bene­ icans. Not just to an over-eager teenager. Campbell, all of Ellicott City. fit Federal firefighters. not just to an under-privileged street-walk­ er, not just to a rebellious student, but to each and every American. And each and every American has this freedom to do with as he wishes, as long as he sees his neighbor as a.n NEED FOR BAIL REFORM FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE American with rights. too. Freedom is the right to find yourself as an HON. JOHN WOLD individual. But does this necessitate the pol­ HON. JOHN E. HUNT lution of one's body and mind with deadly OF NEW JERSEY OF WYOMING drugs? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Freedom is the right to speak, but why should this right belong only to a minority Thursday, February 20, 1969 Thursday, February 20, 1969 of the audience, a.nd not to the man for whom Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker. the case for Mr. WOLD. Mr. Speaker. today the the assembly was specifically called? And-yes-every American. no matter who bail reforms is built on volume after vol­ Nation is beset by discord; by those who ume of facts. many times tragic, over the would use its freedom to abolish that very or what he is, has the right to freedom a.nd opportunity. But if he feels cheated, from years which. I feel, clearly reveal the freedom. But many Americans. indeed where does he get his right to loot or destroy deficiencies of present-day bail stand­ most Americans. have learned the hard another's property? ards. The newspapers, in recent months, and bitter lesson from men who strug­ I. too. want freedom: The freedom for have helped to focus public attention on gled and died for freedom at Valley Forge which my ancestors fought a.nd died. But I this issue. and. indeed, Congress seems at Shiloh. at Chateau-Thierry, at Bas~ realize that freedom, like all good things, has to be earned and protected. Such a prize, in the mood to act. without fanfare, but togne. at Chosin Reservoir, and who fight in recognition of the need to promote the in the humid tropics of Vietnam even bombs, guns, a.nd stones will not protect. It must be guarded with an ever alertness and general welfare and safety of the public today. awareness of our responsibilities as citizens by making the release of criminal de­ The lesson is that freedom must be of a great nation, a.nd with a courtesy and a fendants on bail less of a formality. defended. consideration of our neighbors as fellow citi­ Today, therefore. I am introducing a And the lesson of the rise of commu­ zens of these United States. companion bill to those introduced by nism and fascism is tha.t we must be ever When we, as American's, are ready a.nd will­ several other Members in both Houses vigilant to insure our precious freedom is ing to accept these responsibillties and look that would authorize the conditional pre­ not used by revolutionary radicals to upon our neighbors with the respect they deserve, then will our forefathers' dream be trial release or detention of certain per­ destroy that freedom. fulfilled-and truly we will have accepted sons who have been charged with non­ Those who would destroy our social Freedom's challenge I capital offenses. fabric can ~fford to lose every struggle. In my estimation. Mr. Speaker, the every electiOn, because freedom allows bill shows a great deal of restraint and them to try again and again and again. can certainly not be attacked for being But if freedom ever loses once. it could VIET WOUNDS KTIL JACK E. unreasonable. It is not a "lock the door be lost forever. CAMPBELL and throw away the key" approach. It The Veterans of Foreign Wars have should be emphasized that the judicial been stanch defenders of the American HON. CLARENCE D. LONG officer has substantial leeway in impos­ ideal. And they have developed programs ing conditions of release to assure the to broaden freedom's cause. OF MARYLAND appearance of a defendant as required Mr. Speaker. I include the paper of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and. likewise, to reasonably assure the Miss Debra D. George, a constituent in Thursday, February 20, 1969 defendant will not pose a danger to the my district. the great State of Wyoming community or to any person or property and winner of the Department of Wyo~ Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker. Sp4c. Jack E. Campbell, a fine young in the community. If 1n the latter case m.ing•s Voice of Democracy contest. in all lesser conditions are inadequate to the RECORD: man from Maryland, was killed recently in Vietnam. I would like to commend his the particular situation. in the discretion FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE of the judicial officer. the defendant may (By Debra George) bravery and honor his memory by includ­ ing the following article in the RECORD: be detained. "I want!" they cried. and seventeen selfish In addition, the mandatory penalty students closed an entire college. VIET WOUNDS KILL JACK E. CAMPBELL--ELLI­ COTT CrrY ARMY SPECIALIST WAS 19, JOINED provisions. upon conviction. for willfully "I want!" they cried, and a hand full of failing to appear or for committing any loud-mouthed demonstrators forced a presi­ LAsT YEAR dential candidate from the podium. Army Spec. 4 Jack E. Campbell, of Ellicott offense while released under the provi­ "I want!" they cried, and a gang of neigh­ City, has been killed in hostile action ln Viet­ sions of the act should certainly deter borhood ruffians conveniently had a.n ex­ nam, the Defense Department reported yes­ violations of the conditions under which cuse to break shop windows to fill their pock­ terday. a defendant is released. ets. and to destroy four church buildings Specialist Campbell, 19, died last Saturday Among the many news articles on this within a week. from wounds received in a firefight in Pleiku subject is one which contains the "testi­ "I wa.nt!" she cried, and a sixteen-year­ province, where he was serving as a.n in­ fantryman in Company B, 1st Battalion, 35th mony" of perhaps the most professional old girl found herself too deeply involved is in drugs, and felt suicide was the only an­ Infantry. 4th Infantry Division. of the experts. because it that of one swer. He was first reported missing in action. defendant who has benefited many times Freedom-Each of these wanted freedom· His parents, Mr. a.nd Mrs. Jack Campbell. of over from the laxity of current bail not as it was offered, but selfishly and blind: 704 Race road, Ellicott City, were told of his standards. The article 1s reprinted at this ly. In trying to grasp such a shallow freedom, death Wednesday. point in its entirety for the interest of how much tighter did they secure the bonds "He never wrote much about the place" those who may still doubt the need for of all Americans? his mother said yesterday, "but sometimes he bail reform: Freedom-How? For whom? mentioned how awful it was. how the people had to live and what they ate." [From the Washington Sunday Star, Feb. 16, Is the businessman for whom it is no long­ . 1969) er safe to walk home from work at night, ENLISTED LAST FEBRUARY ROBERT EARL BARNES URGES ToUGHER free? Is the rabbi who is forced to put up In one letter, Mrs. Campbell said her son barbed wire to protect his synagogue, free? wrote "how he had seen a little b~y eating STANDARDS FOR BAIL Is the candidate for president who must com­ from -a garbage can and he bought him a (By John Fialka) pete against his audience to present his ideas, hamburger and stayed with him all day." Although a Senate subcommittee has re­ free? A graduate of Westchester Avenue Ele­ ceived testimony from a number of impres­ I shudder to think that my brother, my fa- mentary School, Specialist Campbell attended sive witnesses on ways to change the Bail 4148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 Reform Act, it has not heard from the man other witnesses who appeared before the its full worth. I know I am also speaking for who considers himself the best bail risk Ervin subcommittee that unless there are every recipient of the Joint Industry Board "who ever lived to be at large on bail." enough D.C. Bail Agency workers to super­ scholarship the past twelve years, in express­ The man is Robert Earl Barnes, perhaps the vise those out on bail, any restrictions im­ ing my thanks to the Union omcials, the elec­ most famous burglar in recent Washington posed upon them by judges are meaningless. trical contractors and the Joint Industry history. In a recent letter to a U.S. District He disagrees strongly, however, with at­ Board. You've given us a fantastic oppor­ Court judge, Barnes called for more prompt torneys and some newspaper columnists who tunity. In talking about this scholarship, trial dates and tougher bond standards. have taken the position that the Constitution there is one point I want to impress upon "Once I reached the age of 17, I jumped guarantees the right to bail, a position that you and now I am speaking directly to these on the ball bond wagon and have been on it the Supreme Court has never clearly ruled young people sitting before me who didn't ever since," Barnes wrote, giving examples upon. win today. of the revolving door pattern of arrest, bail Noting that the only reference to bail ln It is very nice to have won a scholarship and rearrest that has marked 20 years of the document is the Eighth Amendment's but the most important thing is to further his life. statement that "excessive bail shall not be your education, whether this be with or Part of the "bandwagon" include Barnes' required" in cases where ball was allowed, without aid. Of course, the scholarship made experiences in and around Washington in Barnes gives his opinion. getting this education much easier for me 1964 and 1965. He cites his own record, "Remember, the right to bail is a right, but the value of an education doesn't change which includes a total of $48,000 in bail bonds like Hell. There is no such thing." with the ease or difficulty in obtaining it set by area judges and promptly posted by Barnes was recently paroled by Maryland and sometimes when it doesn't come so easy, Barnes' bondsmen so that he remained free to the District, where he will begin to serve the student is able to realize the full worth on all of the charges (most of them house­ 4 sentences of 5 to 15 years each, to run of education to a greater extent. I can't im­ breaking) simultaneously: consecutively. press this upon you enough. Mainly, that you He confe"'sed to heading a housebreaking must continue your education. There are a Date and jurisdiction: Bond ring in the city in 1964 and 1965 and later few other points I'd like to make and I'd Apr. 10, 1964, Montgomery County __ $6,000 gave testimony that led to the conviction of like to use personal experience to illustrate Apr. 24, 1964, Washington______3,000 three Metropolitan policemen and six civil­ them. Education can be a funny thing. Be­ May 12, 1964, Washington______5,000 ians in connection with the ring. cause of a technicality, five years ago this July 25, 1964, Washington ______10,000 was, I was not eligible for the Joint Indus­ July 28, 1964, Washington______5,000 try Board scholarship when I graduated from Sept. 4, 1964, Prince Georges______3;000 high scb.ool and I went to a four year engi­ Sept. 12, 1964, Prince Georges____ 1,000 DR. ROBERT GOLDSTEIN neering school, a very good school, my fresh­ Oct. 12, 1964, Washington______5,000 man year and I won this award at the end of Dec. 9, 1964, Prince Georges ______10,000 this freshman year. This introduced a prob­ This record is small, Barnes points out, HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO lem to me. I-well sort of-I was very well set in this old school. I had received very compared to $112,000 worth of bonds he made OF NEW YORK during a cycle of 10 burglary arrests in St. good marks. I had made an awful lot of close Louis, Mo., between February and June 1961. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES friends. I had joined a fraternity and I was Barnes charges that the current bail law is Thursday, February 20, 1969 very well set into the routine and I enjoyed "ridiculous" because he observed it perfectly, it and I just didn't know whether or not to never forfeiting a bond because of a missed Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Rob­ accept the award and transfer schools. The court appearance. Yet, he admits, his crim­ ert Goldstein, son of Mr. and Mrs. Sam primary factor in my finally deciding to go to inal record while out on bail was "devastat­ Goldstein, of South Ozone Park, N.Y., Columbia was-and this may sound very ing.' is now a prominent engineer-a supervi­ funny-that I felt ignorant. Ignorant in most He noted that his career in burglary was sor of the antiballistic missile depart­ things besides engineering, science and math. somewhat slowed after the first arrest in a I felt my education had been geared too nar­ ment of the Aero Jet Co. in California. rowly. I needed, well, broader interests and I cycle because he had to take time out for Bob's family, my constituents and frequent court appearances for various stages felt Columbia would help me get this. I think of his cases. neighbors, are quite proud of their son, I was right. Not that I am all knowing in and rightly so. all fields now but I have at least been ex­ "I was making so many court appearances posed to many of the things that can be that the courthouse staff began to think I In 1959, Robert Goldstein addressed the Joint Industry Board scholarship listed under the general heading of a liberal was an attorney," Barnes said. education and I have been made to realize Although Barnes' only legal background breakfast to thank the board for his that these things have great value and that has been gained in trying to unravel his in­ scholarship award and to give his views they can be very enjoyable. Music, art, philos­ credibly complicated court record, his pro­ on the importance of a broad, liberal ophy, psychology-all have something to posals on the subject of bail reform are sim­ education. offer the person who is willing to take the ilar in many respects to those of the legal After his student days at Colwnbia, effort to introduce himself to them. The per­ experts who appeared recently before Sen. son who specializes in one field and only one Sam J. Ervin's subcommittee. including an exchange tour in Norway, Bob received his master's degree and his field loses so much of life. By acquiring wide He urges accelerated trials for all defend­ interests and this doesn't have to be done ants charged with a crime of violence. Fur­ doctorate in physics and science at the only under the scope of education or under ther bonds should be denied to anyone who California Institute of Technology. Dur­ college or a school, this person ands much is charged with a crime while free on bond, ing his studies, Bob received four fel­ to his enjoyment of life. Again I am going to he states. lowships, one scholarship, and then eight repeat, this applies not only to students but Barnes asserts that heroin addicts should assistantships. He spent 6 years in space to everyone, being an electrician, an elec­ be made to submit to a weekly test while on technology research and now has as­ trical contractor, a housewife or even a col­ bond to see if they have returned to the use swned the important responsibility of lege professor. Find out about other things of drugs. in life. You may enjoy them. The Bail Reform Act of 1966 is irrelevant engineer supervisor at Aero Jet's IDM department. The last point I'd like to make I am di­ to the criminal repeater, Barnes charges. The recting to those students behind me who law allows release on personal (non-money) Mr. Speaker, often statements made have just won scholarships. As I mentioned bond to persons with good community ties. in the past are quite timely when read before, I had done very well in my freshman ''Few individuals with criminal records de­ in the light of present situations. year and so when I came to this scholarship pend on the courts to release them on per­ For that reason, I insert in the RECORD breakfast four years ago, I actually expected sonal bonds. They depend on the professional the text of Dr. Robert Goldstein's ad­ to win and I did. In fact, most of my life, bondsman. They are often released by the dress to the Joint Industry Board schol­ I have had extreme confidence in myself bondsman on a promise of money, and have when it came to academics and schooling, to return to an act of crime in order to pay arship breakfast on May 16, 1959: even to the point of being cocky but life the bond fees to remain on the streets," he ADDRESS BY ROBERT GOLDSTEIN can play funny tricks. Last term I applied adds. Mr. Chairman, for fifteen minutes I have for a National Science Foundation Fellow­ Barnes called for an end to the system of been sitting here, wondering, trying to figure ship to MIT and a few months ago, I re­ professional bondsmen and said this would out what I have in common with 1,400 peo­ ceived their answer. It said simply, although help reduce the city's crime rate. ple and it finally came to me. We are all they sent my name to the National Com­ "Often before he commits any crime, he sitting here, wondering how we got here, how mittee, I had been turned down. I stared at (the criminal) will employ the bondsman to we were able to get here at 8 o'clock in the this letter and gradually the idea sunk in. take him out if he is apprehended. You take morning. I may not know what or how I got I had been refused, turned down. I had lost. this precious bond, this precious key away here but I do know why I am here. It is a Somehow I began to realize my foolish at­ from the bondsman and the criminal will rare opportunity when one gets a chance to titude. I felt I had to impress it into my find himself in trouble.'' say thank you to such a large group to whom mind as a lesson to myself. I hung that The professional burglar said he agrees he feels great gratitude, especially years after letter right above my desk where every time with the conclusions of Judges, attorneys and receiving an award and having time to realize I start working it is able to remind me that February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4149

I am not Infallible. I can be turned down Katzenbach urged the passage of the ap­ was being dismissed "on the grounds of lack and that 1f you want to get something, you propriation as representing "a sound and of judgment, discretion, and reliabllity." have to continue working for It a.nd not live conservative investment in the future peace Davies, most of whose 23 years of service on laurels. If I get this one point across to of this troubled area of the world." He of­ had been in the Orient, was one of the China you, I will be satlsfled. Confidence is great fered to furnish additional testimony for hands in the State Department who were to have but watch when this "I am great" the bill 1f the committee desired. charged by Senator Joseph McCarthy and attitude starts sneaking up on you. It can be Curiously enough on Feb. 27 of this year, others with having undermined American very deceiving and destroying. Winning a five months after Katzenbach submitted his policy toward China and contributed to the scholarship is a great honor and you prob­ letter to Sen. Fulbright, Rep. Wright Patman Communist victory there in the late nine­ ably earned it but don't stop there. If you [D., Tex.], chairman of the House banking teen-forties. want to go further, you've got to keep earn­ and currency committee, received the same Katzenbach's memorandum clears the way ing it. Let the scholarship be a beginning letter-word for word-over the signature of for Davies to be appointed as a consultant and an incentive for you. Secretary of State Dean Rusk in support of to the State Department and the Arms Con­ the appropriation. It is not clear whether trol Disarmament Agency on U.S. policies to­ Katzenbach wrote the original letter or ward Communist China. whether it was prepared for him in the de­ Requests of Congressional backers of partment. Otepka to Katzenbach to intercede for the KATZENBACH'S MANSION DEAL­ Last May 9 Katzenbach appeared before veteran Security officer were denied. Katzen­ FOR NAUGHT the House banking and currency committee bach indicated his support of Otepka's re­ to urge passage of the related 480 million dol­ moval. lar appropriation for the International De­ Other controversial Johnson Adininistra­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK velopment bank. He asked for 160 million in tion omcials tapped by Nixon to stay on are o• LOUISXANA the current year. He said that delay in the Helmut Sonnen!eldt, Director of the State IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES appropriation might "seriously interrupt Department's research omce on Soviet Un­ the flow of development resources to many ion affairs, and Ambassador Harlan Cleve­ Wednesday, February 19, 1969 countries." land, U.S. Representative to NATO. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the recent DEPRIVED OF RESOURCES TO HELP $125,000 profit Nicholas Katzenbach "Development-as we have learned to our made on the sale of his "white elephant" sorrow-is not only a foreign problem," Katz­ manor to be a benefactor of his former enbach said. "We have seen in our own A BILL TO AMEND THE FEDERAL administration days was all for naught. country what can happen when people are AVIATION ACT You see, this "made over" Republican forgotten and deprived of the resources to 1s help themselves. The politics of despair are being retained as an "adviser" by the no cillferent abroad than they are at home. HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER new President. He could have kept his But the results of continued neglect may be OF~ YOB.K house--did he not know there was not a even more explosive than what we have our­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dime's worth of difference? selves thus far experienced." Mr. Speaker, I submit a report from The Katzenbach sale has upset the real Thursday, February 20, 1969 the Chicago Tribune of December 18, estate market in Washington's Cleveland Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, I have 1968, and portions of Paul Scott's report Park area. Prices may never be the same, es­ today reintroduced with 42 cosponsors of January 24, 1969, for inclusion in the pecially at 3141 Highland place, N.W., where the Katzenbachs entertained Princess Mar­ a bill to amend the Federal Aviation Act RECORD, as follows: garet on her visit to Washington in 1965. to provide for the establishment of re­ [From the Chicago Tribune, Dec. 16, 1968) Katzenbach sold in advance of his im­ duced air fares for senior citizens, young KATZENBACH MAY FACE PROBE IN SALE, U.S. pending departure, forced by the Republican adults, and military personnel. LOAN victory in November's election. He was one The recent, adverse ruling by an ex­ (By Walter Trohan) of the first leading Democrats to sell his aminer for the Civil Aeronautics Board­ WASHINGTON, December 15.-Two congres­ home here. His sale has upped the asking CAB-makes it imperative that prompt sional watchdogs of public funds have been prices of other Democrats being forced into legislative steps be taken to continue the asked to look into the $180,000 sale of a re­ retirement. special, low air fares for young people modeled $55,000 house by Undersecretary of Walt W. Rostow, the special White House assistant on foreign affairs, has put his and to provide for similar reduced fares State Nicholas Katzenbach. for senior citizens, aged 65 or older. The high state omclal sold his house last Cleveland Park home on the market. He is re­ month to Timothy B. Atkinson, general coun­ ported to have paid $75,000 for the home in A CAB examiner ruled on January 21 sel of the Asian Development bank. Katzen­ 1962 and is now asking $150,000 plus the that the special youth fares were un­ bach helped the bank to get 200 million dol­ agent's fee. justly discriminatory and should be can­ lars from Congress. celed. This ruling is now being reviewed The house is a sprawling Victorian frame THE ScOTT REPORT by the CAB. Should the Board affirm the structure, built at the turn of the century, WASHINGTON, January 24, 1969.-For one examiner's findings, existing youth fares with wide porches and ornamented gables, pledged to carry out a thorough houseclean­ would be abolished. which had been considered a white elephant. ing of the State Department, President Nixon My proposal would specifically author­ The Katzenbachs added a large living room appears to be going at it in a very strange and a swimming pool. way. ize the CAB to permit reduced air fares Sen. John J. Williams [R., Del.), the one As a starter, the President has retained for senior citizens, students, and military time feed and grain merchant, and Rep H. as foreign policy consultants several of the personnel on a space-avallable basis. R. Gross [R., Ia.], the former newspaper and Johnson and Kennedy Adininlstrations' most With the passage of this bill there will radio reporter, are Interested In knowing controversial advisers in a bid for unity. no longer be any doubt about the legality whether the sale had any relation to the Most proininent of those being kept on as of standby fares. appropriation for the development bank. The consultants to the State Department and two members of Congress are widely known White House are George Ball, former U.S. Under the measure, senior citizens are for their singlehanded battles to save tax Ambassador to the United Nations, and Nich­ defined as individuals aged 65 or older, dollars. olas DeB. Katzenbach, former Under Sec­ youths as individuals over the age of 12 On Oct. 2, 1967, Katzenbach, R.S acting sec­ retary of State and Attorney General. and under the age of 22, and military retary of state, sent a letter to the Senate Katzenbach's retainment as a State De­ personnel as members of the U.S. armed foreign relations committee urging the pas­ partment Security consultant is also being services traveling at their own expense, sage of the appropriation for the bank. The taken by GOP members of the Senate For­ in uniform of those services, while on letter was addressed to Chairman J. W. Ful­ eign Relations Cominittee as another sign bright [D., Ark.]. there will be no general house-cleaning. official leave, furlough or pass. During the closing days of the Johnson One of the most common complaints I PATH TO AN EARLY IMPROVEMENT Administration, Katzenbach sent a memo­ hear in conversations with older people "Lasting peace in east and southeast Asia randum to several government agencies say­ is about the problem of loneliness caused, depends upon the belief of the peoples of ing that the Issuance of a security clear­ in part, by being cut off from family this region that there Is a practical and ance to former State Department aide John and friends by the high cost of trans­ peaceful path to an early improvement of Paton Davies, Jr., "would be clearly con­ their social and econoinic status," he said. sistent with the interests of national se­ portation to other parts of the country. "Only this belief can eliminate the tempt­ curity". Too many of our old people are caught ing alternative presented by the false pro­ The Dav ies case.-John Foster Dulles, Pres­ in a cruel paradox. They have more time mise of quick and violent solutions to deep­ ident Eisenhower's Secretary of State, an­ than any other groups to visit friends seated problems." nounced on November 5, 1954, that Daviee and relatives and yet, because of high CXV--262-Part 3 4150 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 travel costs and fixed low incomes, they The need for this effort, Mr. Chairman, is protect the rights of any person who has a are often unable to make these visits. As made clear by recent developments on both legitimate claim arising from previous invest­ the East and West coasts of the United States. ments or activities. The longer of these two with our youth, the special reduced air Several major oil companies have, in the alternatives, which are attached to my brief, fares will help to alleviate this plight of expectation of finding petroleum deposits be­ would provide for public hearings on any our senior citizens. low the continental shelf, been investigating claim. Joining me as cosponsors of the bill the sea bottom off the coast of Massachusetts In closing, Mr. Chairman, I would like to are: Mr. ADDABBO, Mr. ANDERSON of Cali­ and New England. They will soon enter their point out and emphasize that our objective fornia, Mr. ANDERSON of Dlinois, Mr. 3d season of exploratory testing, which will is not to inhibit development of new min­ BIAGGI, Mr. BINGHAM, Mr. BROWN of Cali­ run from May to September, and which will eral resources in America's offshore waters, include the highly valuable fishing grounds but to establish a rational balance of uses fornia, Mr. COUGHLIN, Mr. CULVER, Mr. of the Georges Bank. in our marine environments. As our indus­ DANIELS, Mr. DELLENBACK, Mr. DONOHUE, For the present, in this stage of exploration trial technology begins to reach out further Mr. DULSKI, Mr. DUNCAN, Mr. EDWARDS of and testing, conflicts have been avoided by and further into the ocean's depths, it is California, Mr. F'Loon, Mr. FuLTON of the cooperation of all the parties involved. vital to the present and future generations Pennsylvania, Mr. GAYDOS, Mr. GuDE, Mr. The Geological Survey office of the Interior of Americans to foster and promote balanced HALPERN, Mr. HATHAWAY, Mr. HELSTOSKI, Department, which has authority to issue use of this rich environment. Mr. HOWARD, Mr. HUNGATE, Mr. KYROS, perxnits for exploration activity, now consults Industrial and xnlning development can go hand in hand with fishing, recreation, con­ Mr. LoWENSTEIN, Mr. LuJAN, Mr. Mc­ and cooperates with the Bureau of Commer­ cial Fisheries to ensure that approved opera­ servation, and scientific uses of the seas, if CLOSKEY, Mr. M!KVA, Mr. MOORHEAD, Mr. tions will not result in harm to fish resources. we are wise enough to see that these various OLSEN, Mr. OTTINGER, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. Fishing representatives are consulting con­ uses are made compatible with each other. PODELL, Mr. ST GERMAIN, Mr. ST. ONGE, tinuously with oil representatives in the The objectives of H.R. 11584 are fully in tune Mr. TIERNAN, Mr. VANDER JAGT, Mr. Boston area, and both are consulting with with the broad purposes of the Marine Re­ VANIK, Mr. WILLIAMS, Mr. CHARLES H. the Interior Department. sources and Engineering Development Act of WILSON, Mr. WoLFF, Mr. WRIGHT. But we must be concerned with the future, 1966, which purposes are to inaugurate the when the most serious conflicts are likely to new era of oceanography on a rationally arise. What will happen when the oil com­ planned basis and to maximize the benefits A TO OIL panies request leases from the Interior De­ of this new ocean frontier for all Americans. BILL AMEND THE With a far-sighted approach we can avoid POLLUTION ACT OF 1924 partment to begin drill1ng operations? Will they be allowed to drill in the most produc­ some of the mistakes of our Nation's earlier tive fishing areas? Or are certain well-tailored frontier experience in exploiting our irre­ HON. HASTINGS KEITH restrictions necessary to ensure that oil rigs placeable natural resources. The tragic waste and pipelines and all1ed operations do not and destruction which has come to many of OP' :MASSACJIUSETI'S harm or interfere with commercial fishing? the Nation's estuarine areas must not be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These are the kinds of questions which allowed to happen to the vast new wealth which is opening up before us in the depths Thursday, February 20, 1969 the present legislation is designed to answer. The study called for in the b111 would deter­ of the oceans. Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, over the xnine the likely impact of new industrial So what we have done is ask in this legisla­ years, my position on water pollution activities on the other natural resources and tion for a study of the areas in which there values of cetrain marine environments. It are potential conflicts of uses, and we ask has become well known. In introducing that this study be made by the Department my bill today to amend the Oil Pollu­ would determine whether some kind of "ocean zoning" is necessary to make these of the Interior. And since that time I have tion Act, 1924, and authorize the Secre­ various uses compatible, and whether certain had second thoughts about that and would, tary of the Interior to study the possi­ portions of our offshore environments should I believe, be more in favor of a study to be bility of establishing marine sanctuaries, be sanctuary areas, closed to new industrial made by an independent agency, one outside I simply want to put into the RECORD re­ act ivities. the Government, of the stature of the kinds marks which I offered in hearings before Mr. Chairman, I recognize that there are of commissions that have been established for similar purposes in the field of ocean­ the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Com­ certain drafting weaknesses in it, and I hope that the observations of the witnesses in ography in recent years. mittee in April1968. My remarks are even these hearings will help us clear them up. We feel that in the public interest we must more pertinent today than they were last Firstly, "marine sanctuaries" is not fully plan for the future and the proper utiliza­ year. If you, Mr. Speaker, or any of my defined. Let me spell out very clearly, then, tion of our coastal waters, including all the colleagues have questions, I would be what the Secretary of Interior could consider waters of the Continental Shelf, as well as delighted to answer them. as a marine sanctuary. adjacent estuarine areas. The remarks follow: A marine sanctuary area would be an ocean I have, Mr. Chairman, some editorial com­ area which is especially distinctive for its ments that I think would lend to the interest STATEMENT OP' HON. HASTINGS KEITH, A REP­ commercial fishing uses, and for its scenic, and knowledge of the committee, and which RESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE recreation, and wildlife conservation values. would help to motivate us in our delibera­ OP' MASSACHUSETTS In such an area, the Secretary of Interior tions. Mr. Chairman, I would like to state the would be authorized to restrict, prohibit, or There was an editorial in the Cape Cod problem which we are here to consider today prescribe the conditions under which indus­ Standard Times dealing with this subject, by quoting the recent Report of the President trials activities could be carried on, including suggesting that oil exploration proceed only on Marine Resources and Engineering Devel­ the mining of gas or oil deposits. with great caution. There are editorials from opment. Under the heading "Rational Uses This b111 calls primarily for a study, which numerous papers throughout the country, on ot the Coastal Zone"-meaning the nation's is a necessary prelixninary for designating the west coast and in the central areas of our shore areas and coastal waters-the Presi­ any area as a marine sanctuary. No area country, as well as on the shore lines of the dent's Report says the following: could actually be so designated without fur­ east coast. "This area of inshore waters is ecologically ther action by the Congress. It is important There are news stories describing miles of fragile and complex in its natural state. It is to make this clear. The purpose of our pro­ dead. fish sighted where oil companies were nevertheless subject to ever more intense posal is simply to determine whether any conducting exploration. pressures for varied uses which may both area should be considered by the Secretary The area that is of particular interest to conflict among themselves and degrade the and by the Congress as a restricted zone. me, and I believe to the Nation, is George's natural environment • • • . Secondly, the bill provides for an interim Bank, a fishing area which is the most pro­ "Only rarely have lands and wat ers of the m oratorium on new exploratory activities. lific in the world. Thirteen nations fish here, Coastal Zone been subjected to planned and The moratorium would apply to any area and 1,650 million pounds of fish are caught controlled development. Further, the plan­ which the Secretary is in process of studying here each year. The U.S. fisheries catch used ning which has been done has not always re­ as a possible marine sanctuary. The purpose to be almost 1 billion pounds there. It is now sulted in effective allocation of resource uses of this section 4 (a) , is to ensure that, once down to slightly under 700 million pounds among competitors. the Secretary is actively considering an area per year. Of this, the Massachusetts catch is "As a consequence, the trend in some places as a potential marine sanctuary, new indus­ about half a million pounds. has been toward single-purpose uses, deter­ trial activities will not come in and destroy By far the largest percentage of edible fish mined by immediate economic advantages to the environment before the study is even consumed in the U.S. markets comes from individuals, firms, and local governments." finished. George's Bank, and it represents 12 percent What the bill before us intends to do, Mr. It has been brought to our attention that of the world's fish catch. Chairman, is fully in line with these observa­ this moratorium is perhaps too broad in its What a tragedy it would be if there·were tions. It seeks to encourage balanced, com­ application, and may deprive those who have alternative sites for the digging for oil, or patible uses of our offshore waters-first, by already established a claim to use of the af­ drilling for oil, to those on George's Bank. identifying alternative uses, and then by en­ fected areas, of their proper rights and priv­ And yet the possibility exists that this might suring compatibility among these competing ileges. Accordingly, we have drafted two al­ be one that was most desira;ble from an oil values and resources. ternatives to this section. Either one would industry point of view for early exploitation. February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4151 So this is one ot the areas that needs to be pleted hls work and departed, the operator responsibility rests with the operators; min­ studied first, insofar as its utlllzatlon as a knows he won't be back for four months. ers pay the penalty with their lives. natural and nattona.l resource 1s concerned. "At the end of about three months and At one point during his campaign, Hechler three weeks, the operator, who has ignored read a statement prepared by h1s collabo­ the law, starts putting his m.lne in shape. rator, Nader. THE CONCERNED SEEK WAYS TO "All men who die in disasters die need­ Nader assailed coal companies fo:: "cor­ MAKE MINING SAFE lessly." porate profiteering" at the expense of miner's A total of 309 U.S. miners died in 1968. The health and safety and said union leadership largest number of deaths, 99, resulted from has been "insensitive and Inactive" toward HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN collapses of roof, face or mine ribs. The next­ the needs of the very men they are supposed ranking killer, gas and dust explosions, took to represent, the miners. OF NEW JERSEY 88lives, including the 78 at Mannington. "Yes, the United Mine Workers Journal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Also, 38 men died in haulage accidents; 17 gives you the comforting words and the sad Thursday, February 20, 1969 in electrical mishaps, and 15 through regrets: But when the chips are down, the machinery breakdowns. UMW leadership follows the lead of the coal Mr. PATI'EN. Mr. Speaker, under PRE-18TH CENTURY mine operators in Washington and in the coal mining states," Nader wrote. leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ West Virginia led the list of mine deathS ORD, I include the following article which with 150 men killed. UMW JOURNAL REPLZES appeared in the February 19, 1969, issue "It's not only shocking. It's pre-18th cen­ That was the final straw for the UMW. Its of the Washington, D.C., Evening Star: tury,'' said Rep. Ken Hechler, a Democrat journal, which comes out twice a month, THE CONCERNED SEEK WAYS To MAKE from West Virginia's 4th District, a large rushed to press with a page one message to MINING SAFE coal-producing area. "But "';he guilt must be union members from editor Justin Mc­ (By Shirley Elder) shared. Both Congress and the state legisla­ Carthy: tures have been notoriously negligent in writ­ "There are some arrogant troublemakers Death comes in many forms as it stalks Ing strict mine safety laws. scurrying about--or sending messages to the the coal miner. It comes slowly in black dust "I certainly am guilty for not jumping up coal fields these days trying, for devious mo­ so fine it cannot be seen. It comes swiftly and down sooner," Hechler said. "I was taken tives o! their own, to convince the members in highly explosive odorless gases. It comes in by the loud noises from the experts (such of the UMW that your union is not doing its ln weak mine walls and roofs deep under­ as union leaders). I thought they knew what job in behalf of safety and health for coal ground, or cave-ins, or wrong-way maps. It they were doing." miners." comes in any one of a dozen little accidents He also accused the United Mine Workers UMW International Vice President George that can suddenly take a life. of concentrating too much on wage demands Year after year, the miners themselves J. Titler took the time to remind Hechler, in and too little on health and safety and of be­ a long letter, that the UMW had been one have shrugged o1f the dangers and plunged ing willing to compromise year after year into the earth. It is part of the job, they of his supporters. with something lne1fective. He said he was "astounded" by Hechler's would say, and the pay is good. Now, Hechler has struck out on his own in This attitude of fatalism has been one of remarks and his alliance with Nader-"I a one-man crusade for strict health and safe­ wondered why you had turned on your the greatest barriers to making the mines ty measures in the mines. Seizing the disas­ safe, according to the director of the Interior friends." He advised Hechler to become a co­ ter at Mannington as a ta.ke-o1f point, he has sponsor, along with West Virginia congress­ Department's Bureau of Mines, John O'Leary. launched a barrage of statements, appeals, Stewart L. Udall, the former interior secre­ men, of the two UMW-wrltten health and legislative proposals. safety bllls. And he warned that future tary, said the same thing in December at a Along the way, he has joined, or been special meeting called after 78 men were Hechler re-election campaigns might be run joined by: A trio of West Virginia doctors without UMW help. · burled in a fiery mine explosion in Manning­ campaigning against the "black lung" dis-: tori, W.Va. ease, pneumoconiosis; veteran consumer STANDS BY BILL "We consider ourselves an enlightened peo­ champion Ralph Nader, and, finally, the Hechler said he will stand by his bill, ple," Udall told the assemblage o! industry, miners themselves. which covers both health and safety. union and government men. "Ours is an af­ DIVINE RIGHT TO LIVE He said the UMW already has given up on fluent society, technologically as advanced the e1fort to force coal operators to as any on earth. "Today is a history-making day for West strengthen and enforce healthier working "Yet, we accepted, even condoned, an atti­ Virginia and the nation," Heckler shouted at conditions. tude of fatalism that belongs to an age a miners' rally in Charleston two months darker than the deepest recesses of any coal after the Mannington mine was sealed. ''You Despite public pronouncements to the con­ mine." are assembled here to secure your rights ... trary, UMW Is saying "behind the scenes" that the health bill cannot pass, Hechler IMPROVES INSPECTIONS "Yes, coal miners have a divine right to said. "I don't like that." He said the mines must be made safe. live, to breathe fresh air, to be compensated for black lung, to work in safe surroundings, McCarthy said Hechler just doesn't under­ And O'Leary agreed. stand the facts. He pointed out that UMW A man who spends his working life in a to be protected by 20th century safety stand­ ards, and to kee-p the precious gift of good has been fighting for better mine conditions mine now faces one chance in 12 of being for 78 years. But the issues are complex and killed in an accident and at least one chance health. Back in his office, the generally soft-spoken the study of miners' lung disease is new and in 5 of su1fering lung disea.Se. Sometimes the· controversial, he said. ailment, known as "black lung," merely Hechler mused, "Nothing like that ever hap­ weakens a man; often it puts him out of pened before. There were 3,000 miners at The editor indicated the union feels Con­ work. that meeting." gress will act on only one thing at a time, In an interview, O'Leary talked of his At the rally, he had twice o1fended the and that safety has a better chance than hopes for improving the lot of the men in the UMW. First, urging support for his own bill health at this time. But, he said, the UMW mines. "I see the bureau as the trustee for in Congress, Hechler said a UMW plan to will p ··sh for both. - the health and safety of the nation's min­ split health and safety proposals Into sep­ SEES BETI'ER GOP BILL ers," he said. "I can criticize us for being be­ arate legislation would kill them both. Mine Bu.reau Chief O'Leary, like Hechler, hind, but now the time has come to move "I predict today," he said, "That if you wants a single bill. Two proposals were pre­ forward." allow health and safety legislation to be pared py the outgoing Democratic admin­ O'Leary, a 42-year-old career federal officer, separated, the steam will go out of the pub­ istration, and introduced in Congress. has made some changes since Mannington. lic support which you have for the legisla­ O'Leary said the Repblicans also will o1fer In a batch of seven directives, he beefed up tion and you'll wind up with the same kind their own bill, which he predicts wlll be the inspection system. of weak !>ill which is now on the statute better written and stronger, to Congress Probably the most important advance is books." - within the next couple of weeks. the. increased ·number of spot checks of WOULD FINE MINERS O'Leary said he sees the forces of reform mines. Coal operators often have known in To that Hechler added .his opinion that. coming together uniquely this year in a win­ the past when the inspectors were coming coal miners themselves ought .to be fi,ned if ning combination, largely galvanized by the and, according to miners and union officials, they wlllf~ll,y violate safety standards. Mannington disaster. would hastlly cover over safety rule infrac­ tions until the inspectors moved on. "I disagree. with Tony Boyle on this," he At the Interior Department, there is a new said, referrlng to the UMW chief, "I think administration and new determination for KNOW THEm ROUTINE It is unfair to the thousands of coal miners something to be done. "Coal op~rators know their (the inspec­ whp follow the.safety.standards to have some On Capitol Hill, there is Hechler's drum-· tors') routine," W. A. (Tony) Boyle, president oddball with a cigarette come along and beat for action, aided by others from mining­ of the United .Mine Workers, said recently. blow the rest of you up." districts who are perhaps less vocal but "This has ..not changed over the years. In a statement surprlsing even to some equally concerned. Hearings will begin March "They know the inspectors visit the large. union men, Boyle said he doubted whether 4 in the House. mines three times a year and the small .mines. any coal miner had violated mine safety In West Virginia, the doctors fighting twice a year. When the inspector has com- laws. But even if they had, Boyle said, full "black lung" are swept along-and into pub- 4152 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 lie attention-by the horror over Manning­ will celebrate the 51st anniversary of in­ It is that attitude, perhaps, which has ton. dependence of the Republic of Estonia attracted such a bipartisan support. Locally, A bill in the state legislature would extend for example, co-sponsors of the bill include workmen's compensation to men disabled by proclaimed on February 24, 1918. our own 20th Dllnois District Republican lungs coated with black dust. It has been After the outbreak of the Second Rep. Paul Findley, and Democratic Rep. Bill estimated that as many as 125,000 of the na­ World War, Estonia suffered at the hands Hungate, who represents the vast northeast tion's 144,000 coal miners suffer from some of both :;he Russians and the Nazis. The segment of Missouri. degree of coal dust disease. brave people of Estonia have remained There is almost equal co-sponsorship for RESISTANCE IN INDUSTRY victims of oppression since that time. Roth's second bill, with 155 congressmen backing it. (Findley and Hungate are also Among coal producers, there is continuing It is :fitting on this anniversary that we join the many Americans of Estonian co-sponsors of this proposal). And another resistance. Washington representatives re­ Delaware Republican, Sen. John Williams, fused to comment on pending legislation, but descent in looking to the day when Es­ who has been an outspoken fiscal reform in West Virginia, they have described the tonia and the other Baltic States are re­ sponsor, is in trodu cing a parallel bill in the current drive as an "unrealistic attack" and joined into the free community of na­ U.S. Senate. "highly emotional." tions. The people of our country are will­ That second Roth bill proposes creation of They speak of the wealth the coal industry ing and determined to lend their moral a 10-member Hoover-type commission "to has restored to Appalachia and the enormous objectively analyze the federal government cost to the industry of imposing stiffer stand­ support to the rightful aspirations of Estonia. In recognition of such deter­ and the federal system and give recommen­ ards and penalties. dations on how it can operate more effectively Yet, the coal industry is doing better than mination, we join on this 24th day of and more efficiently." That, admittedly, is a it was a few years ago. The National Coal February in commemorating the birth very large, very open, order. Association refers to its product as the "fuel of the great Republic of Estonia. Roth says his second bill differs essentially of the future." Use of coal by electric utilities from the Hoover Commission Act because it alone offers enormous growth, and research would establish a commission charged "with in converting coal to oil and gas also is under H.R. 338 AND H.R. 340 GAIN PRESS studying government on a vertical plane; way. SUPPORT that is, studying the impact and effect of fed­ The coal association estimates that total eral, state and local governments, especially U.S. coal consumption will reach 643 mlllion from the standpoint of preserving and tons by 1972 of which the utilities will use HON. WILLIAM V. ROTH, JR. strengthening our decentralized system of 367 tons. OF DELAWARE government. ·• Coal demand could rise to a billion tons IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The proposed commission also would be a year by 198o-tw1ce the 1967 outpu~if charged ''with the responsibility for recom­ gas and oil experiments develop as expected. Thursday, February 20, 1969 mending how the resources of the various Even at that pace, U.S. reserves now esti­ levels of government can be better marshaled mated at 3.2 trillion tons, would last 3,000 Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, I believe the to meet the critical problems of the present years. Members of this body would be interested and future. . ." UNITED STATES FAR AHEAD in the continuing support shown by the Despite their remarkably large initial sup­ U.S. coal production outstrips the rest of press for the Program Information Act, port, Congressman Roth's two bills could get the world at a dramatic rate, creating pro­ H.R. 338, and for the Executive Reor­ lost in the shuffie--or in the grinding parti­ fits certainly, but also creating probleins. ganization and Management Improve­ san politics the 91st Congress may produce. The association's latest statistics show the ment Act, H.R. 340. There two bills are But both deserve the most serious considera­ average daily coal output per miner in the now cosponsored by 185 Members and tion. Study may show the need for some United States is 18.52 tons, compared to a minor changes, but it is difficult to see how 2.87-ton average in England and 3.23 in West by 166 Members respectively. A few ex­ either can be faulted when considering the Germany. amples from across the Nation follow: goals of each. At the same time, however, European safe­ [From the Quincy (Ill.) Herald-Whig, Jan. ty standards are higher and more strictly 26, 1969] [From the Huntington (W.Va.), Advertiser, enforced. CONGRESSIONAL REFORM Jan. 27, 1969] One of the explanations for the greater Typical, perhaps, of the kind of thinking STUDY OF U.S. Am PROGRAMS productivity in this country also is a cause that may motivate the 91st Congress, now Any proposal of Republican congressmen of growing cases of lung disease, the "con­ getting under way under a new President, to investigate progra.Ins initiated under a tinuous" use of mining machines. are two bills launched by a Delaware Re­ Democratic administration is suspect on gen­ Controlled by one man, these machines tear publican congressman, William V. Roth, Jr., eral principles. the coal from the earth's black seam with who has gained a co-sponsoring support that The measures proposed by Rep. William V. spinning steel teeth at rates as high as 12 embraces nearly a third of the House, on a Roth Jr., R-Del., with the cosponsorship of tons per minute. They also churn up un­ bipartisan basis. The bills call for full pub­ more than one-third of the membership of paralled amounts of dust. lic information on federal assistance pro­ the House, however, may be an exception. FIVE-STEP PROCEDURE grams and for the establishment of a Hoover­ One of the bills calls for full information The so-called conventional system is a type commission to create some reforms in on all federal assistance programs, and the five-step procedure. Mobile cutters, built like government organization. other would open the way for creating a com­ The two-pronged attack which the two bills mission for developing recommendations to giant chain saws, carve into the coal. Holes would mount stem from an eight-month improve government through reorganization. are drilled and the chunks of coal blasted study Roth reported to Congress last June. The proposed legislation grew out of an loose with non-fiery chemicals. The coal then 4Inong other disclosures, the study noted extensive study of the $20-billion annual is ripped out and scooped up onto conveyers that while the federal government is spend­ assistance program by Rep. Roth last year. that carry it out of the mine. ing some $20 billion a year on federal as­ Regarding the study, he said, "No one, If Congress accepts coal dust standards sistance programs, "no one, anywhere, knows anywhere, knows how many prograins there suggested by the Public Health Service (three how many programs there are; information are; information on some prograins is vir­ milligrains per cubic yard), producers would on some prograins is virtually impossible to tually impossible to obtain; and a significant have to give up the continuous mining ma­ obtain; and a significant lack of coordina­ lack of coordination between federal agencies chines or devise a system for dampening tion between federal agencies has created has created scores of overlapping and dupli­ or diluting the dust. scores of overlapping and duplicate pro­ cative prograins." The stage is set for a real battle as the grams." How much partisan political motivation scene shifts to Capitol Hill. The question The first of Roth's bills, which has been there is behind the bills we do not pretend now will be whether coal producers, medical co-sponsored by 165 members of Congress, to know, but controversies over the opera­ experts and congressmen all can agree on from both sides of the aisle, requires full tions of the various agencies indicate that what to do. disclosure of information relating to all fed­ information about them might help clear eral prograins in a comprehensive catalog. up some of the difficulties. It also requires the President to make annual A particularly valuable provision in the COMMEMORATE THE BIRTH OF THE recommendations to simplify and consolidate Program Information Act would be that re­ REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA programs, wherever possible. A companion quiring the President to make annual recom­ bill is being introduced in the Senate by Sen. -mendations for simplifying and consolidating J. Caleb Boggs, R-Del., and nine co-sponsors. prograins. HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE Roth, it might be added, has .no illusions . Government agencies organized to meet OF MASSACHUSETTS about his reforins . . Of his information bill, critical needs have a way· of branching out for ex~ple, he has commented: ~ 'This legis­ and overlapping. Even when emergency needs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lation is essential b.ut it is not a cure-alL_It are met offices sometimes continue to oper­ Thursday, February 20, 1969 is, iiowever, a ,building block-a ba,dly needed a,te in the neglected ramifications of forgot­ building block-to make our federal assist­ ten are~. Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, Americans ance prograins more meaningful, more man­ Eliminating the agencies no longer needed of Estonian descent· in the United States ageable and more creative." and consolidating those duplicating efforts February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4153 would be one of the objectives no doubt o~ ernment and the federal system and give mendations on simplifying and consolidating the proposed study .commission. recommendations on how it can operate more programs, their guidelines and access re­ Rep. Roth said the commission would effectively and efficiently. quirements. study "the impact and effect of federal pro­ The blll differs in two main areas from The second bill would require the creation grams and activities upon the interrelation­ traditional Hoover Commission bills, Roth of a 10-member commission to analyze ob­ ships of federal, state and local governments, said. jectively the federal government and recom­ especially from the standpoint of preserving "Besides the traditional functions of mend means to make it operate more effi­ and strengthening our decentralized system Hoover Commissions, under this bill the ciently and effectively. of government. commission would be charged with studying The Commission would focus primarily on "Also," he said, "the commission would be government on a vertical plane; that is, the interrelationships of federal, state and charged with the responsibility for recom­ studying the impact and effect of federal pro­ local programs with the intention of preserv­ mending how the resources of the various grams and activities upon the interrelation­ ing a decentralized system of government. levels of government can be better marshaled ship of federal, state and local governments, Mr. Nixon has indicated he wlll concen­ to meet the critical problems of the present especially from the standpoint of preserving trate on trying to make old programs work and future, and would consider ways of im­ and strengthening our decentralized system rather than seeking new ones. First, of course, proving federal government administration of government," he said. he must determine what the old programs other than just reshufillng and restructuring "Also, the commission would be charged are. agencies and programs." with the responsibility for recommending Majority Leader Mike Mansfield, D-Mont., New brooms proverbially if not persistently how the resources of the various levels of and former vice presidential candidate Sen. sweep clean, and a great many Republicans government can be better marshaled to meet Edmund S. Muskie, D-Maine, have called will doubtless go through the motions in the critical problems of the present and upon the Senate for reform. In the House, the next few months of rescuing the nation future, and would consider ways of improv­ Ways and Means Committee Chairman Wil­ from the effects of Democratic management. ing federal government administration other bur Mills, D-Ark., has advocated creation of But a proper study of various agencies cre­ than just reshufillng and restructuring agen­ a new Hoover Commission. ated in recent years can doubtless improve cies and programs." Despite the bipartisan support, reform will services and reduce expenditures. That Evidently what Rep. Roth would like to meet with .resistance. Shifting of programs should be the purpose of this proposed new do is have the way paved for an understand­ means that chairmen of some of the appro­ legislation. able table of organization in the government, priations committees lose influence. with each agency, bureau and department It is apparent, however, that some legis­ [From the Davenport (Iowa) Times occuping its individual line. Then, if two or lation is essential to make federal assistance Democrat, Jan. 22, 1969] more agencies appear qualified for a certain programs more meaningful. Two-PRONGED A'l"l'ACK line, examine them, retaining the proper agency and eliminating the others. The Roth b11ls are a first step. The recep­ The first step to clean up the federal estab­ Such a program could not only help the tion they receive in the House and Senate lishment, determine the number of federal taxpayer, but the system of government as wlll be an early indicator of the attitude of bureaus, agencies, departments and what not well, Rep. Roth's bills have merit. the 91st Congress toward bringing efficiency and to find out where duties and programs to government. overlap has been launched. A blll sponsored by U.S. Rep. William V. [From the San Diego (Calif.) Tribune, [From the Johnson City (Tenn.) Press­ Roth Jr., R-Del., and backed by more than Jan. 24, 1969] Chronicle, Jan. 24, 1969] one-third of the membership of the House of OVERHAUL OF FEDERAL SYSTEMS DESERVES CAN WE CONTROL IT? Representatives, is the opening shot in a BIPARTISAN SUPPORT two-pronged attack aimed at providing need­ One goal of President Richard Nixon that More than 150 congressmen have joined ed reforms in the federal establishment. It is assured of significant support in the Dem­ in an ambitious effort to make the federal also will be introduced in the U.S. Senate ocrat-controlled Congress is overhaul of fed­ government more efficient and understand­ by Sen. J. Caleb Boggs, R-Del., where it has eral government procedures. able. We wish them success. nine co-sponsors. House bills introduced last week by Rep. Led by Rep. Wllliam V. Roth of Delaware, The second prong of the attack will be William V. Roth, Jr., R-Del., call for dis­ their immediate objectives include passage another blll to be introduced in the House closure of full information on all federal of bllls ( 1) to require disclosure of full in­ by Roth and in the Senate by Sen. John assistance programs and the creation of a formation on all federal aid programs, and Williams, R-Del. new "Hoover Commission." (2) to create a modern version of the Hoover The first bill, now under study, would re­ The bills are co-sponsored br more than Commission to make an objective analysis quire full information disclosure on all fed­ one-third of the membership of ~-he House of government operations. eral assistance programs, and the other would of Representatives, both Democ.:ats and These measures are outgrowths of a report create a modern Hoover-type commission. Republicans. last year by Roth that while the govern­ Roth's bills follow an eight-month study Democratic Congressional leaders have been ment is spending more than $20 billion a of federal assistance programs. He described calling for revisions since the mass of Great year on assistance programs, "no one, any­ his first bill aB "the opening shot, demonstra­ Society legislation in 1964 and 1965. where, knows how many programs there are, tive of the thinking and sentiment of Con­ According to a study concluded last June, information on some of them is impossible gress" and "An early indicator of some of the federal government is spending more to obtain, and a significant lack of coordina­ the things members of the 91st Congress will than $20 b1llion annually on federal assist­ tion between federal agencies has created be trying to do." ance programs, "but no one, anywhere, knows scores of overlapping and duplicative func­ He noted that while the federal govern­ how many programs there are; information tions." ment is spending more than $20 blllion a on some programs is virtually impossible to Under the disclosure bill, details of all year on federal assistance programs, "no one, obtain; and a significant lack of coordina­ federal programs would be compiled and anywhere, knows how many programs there tion between federal agencies has created published each year in a comprehensive are; information on some programs is prac­ scores of overlapping and duplicative pro­ catalog which would be made available to tically impossible to obtain, and a significant grams." federal, state and local governments. Under lack of cooperation between federal agen­ Since 1953, however-the last time a the government operations b111 (Hoover-type cies has created scores of overlappings and Hoover Commission took a look at govern­ commission), a 10-member commission would duplicative programs." ment organization-the government has make a penetrating study of government in The first of the two Roth bills is titled, taken on 100 new major activities. Grant-in­ all its aspects, particularly the inter-rela­ "Program Information Act," and the second, aid programs to state and local governments tionships of federal, state and local units. It "Executive Reorganization and Management have jumped from a handful to more than would bring in recommendations for more Act." 160. They are managed by 21 agencies, 150 efficient administration. The former requires full disclosure of in­ bureaus and 400 regional and field offices. The Johnson City Press-Chronicle supports formation relating to all federal programs There are 57 programs in job training, 35 both these b11ls. Unless government is each year in a comprehensive catalog. It also in housing, 20 in transportation, 62 in com­ brought within control of the people by requires the President to make annual rec­ munity fac111ties, 32 in land use, 28 in recre­ these and similar measures, the reverse may ommendations on simplifying and consoli­ ation and culture, 65 in health and almost happen-that is, people may find themselves dating programs, their guidelines and access 100 in education. controlled by government without hope of requirements. Those figures merely emphasize the mag­ rescue. "This legislation is essential," he said, "but nitude of the task of cutting red tape and The very bigness of the federal structure not a cure-all. It is, however, a building duplication. Methods of counting vary, so has caused some to liken it to a Franken­ block-a badly needed building block-to there is little agreement on the number of stein. We created it. Theoretically, it is re­ make our federal assistance programs more federal programs. sponsible to us. But its growth is so stupen­ meaningful, more manageable and more cre­ The Program Information Act introduced dous that some fear it is beyond control. We ative." by Roth would require full disclosure of in­ do not take this negative view. We believe The second bill would require the crea­ formation in a catalogue form relating to all the people stlll have the power to control t ion of a 10-member Hoover-type commis­ government programs each year. It would re­ their government-if they will only exercise sion to objectively analyze the federal gov- quire the President to make annual recom- it. 4154 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 [From the Berwick (Pa.) Enterprise, But the HEW episode represents only one of Armenia and other captives with!D. the Jan. 25, 1969] of the frustrations encountered by Con­ U.S.S.R~ Neither the Voice of America A NEEDED REFORM gressman Roth, as witness this statement nor Radio Free Etirope is doing an effec­ to the House: · We were giad to see that Rep. Herman "We found that no one, anywhere, knows tive job of broadcasting behind the Iron Schneebell, who formerly represented thiS exactly how many federal programs there Curtain. We must take practical steps to district, is among the more than one third are. see that a message of trust rather than of the U.S. House of Representatives who a.re "We found that nowhere is there a cen­ appeasement of communism is beamed joining in what has been described as the tral, comprehensive repository where mean­ to the patient people of Armenia so that "opening shot of a. two-pronged attack aimed ingful information on all operating programs at providing some needed reforms in the Fed­ they will continue to realize that one day can be found. their hopes for freedom will be rewarded. eral establishment." "We found that more than $20 billion a Led by Rep. W. V. Roth, Jr., (R-Del) t-he year is being spent on such programs, yet group seeks the reforms through passage of only with long and great effort can one be­ a bill to require full information disclosure gin to find meaningful information about all on all Federal assistance programs. It also of them ..." PARTICIPATORY POLITICS COME seeks a. bill to create a modern Hoover-type This year, Representative Roth and more TO WALL STREET Commission. than 150 of his colleagues are picking up Roth made an eight-month, intensive where he left off last year. They are spon­ study of Federal "assistance" programs and soring two pieces of legislation: HON. DON EDWARDS is he well aware that something needs to be A "Program Information Act" which would OF CALIFORNIA done. require full disclosure each year in catalog IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He has pointed out-in the Congressional form of information relating to all federal Record-that while the Feds are spending programs, along with presidential recommen­ Thursday, February 20, 1969 more than $20,000,000,000 per year on so­ dations for simplifying and consolidating Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. called Federal assistance programs, "no one, such programs. anywhere, knows how many programs there Speaker, we are in a period in our history are; information on some programs is vir­ "An Executive Reorganization and Man­ when young people are clamoring for an tually impossible to obtain and a significant agement Improvement Act" which would create a 10-member, Hoover-type commis­ opportunity to participate in the deci­ lack of coordination between Federal agen­ sions and institutions which shape their cies has created scores of overlapping and sion to analyze the federal government and the federal system With the aim of develop­ lives and affect the fabric of our society duplicative programs." ing greater effectiveness and efficiency. It is known there are roughly ten times at large. Wise leaders have been willing the number of assistance programs there had What Representative Roth is proposing by to accept the legitimate role of young been when the Eisenhower Administration way of legislation should be a challenge for people in these activities and have moved executive action by President Nixon. Much ended. in the direction of what has come to be of what the congressman seeks in the way Roth feels duplication of cost and effort, of information could be provided through known as participatory democracy. It is plus worthless programs that merely make it determined action by the executive depart­ interesting to note that participatory possible to have a lot of people ln jobs at ment. And the whole tenor of the Nixon democracy is not the province solely of high salaries, should be eliminated. He also campaign argues for executive cooperation in our educational and political institu­ feels the whole matter should be brought out the Roth effort. tions, but also business institutions. into the open, so that those who are paying But if it be appropriate to liken Mr. Roth the bill can know where their money is being For example, the recent remarks of to David, as we did at the outset, it may be Mr. Howard Stein, president of the Drey­ wasted. Then, we presume, they will do some­ equally fitting to indicate that he Will need thing about it. fus Fund, would seem to indicate that the patience of Job before his task is done. participatory democracy has arrived on It would seem that President Nixon's work We wish him God-speed. is cut out for him, in eliminating some of Wall Street. Mr. Stein's comments, the horrible waste, among other important which I insert at this point in the REc­ tasks. The Roth movement should be a big ORD, testify to the positive and innovative help in getting the routing-out started. THE 48TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE results which can accrue when young ARMENIAN REVOLT AGAINST THE people are given an opportunity to direct (From the Columbia (S.C.) State, SOVIETS their initiative, creative talents, energy, Jan. 29, 1969] and enterprise toward responsible tasks. FIGHT AGAINST ODDS The remarks follow: The honor of being a "David" of the HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI REMARKS OF HOWARD STEIN, INSTITUTIONAL 20th Century by rights must go to Rep. Wil­ OF ILLINOIS INVESTOR CONFERENCE, JANUARY 23, 1969 liam V. Roth, the Delaware congressman who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wall Street, like everyone else, has its gen­ is tackling the Goliath known as federal eration gap. The Campus has its restless assistance. Thursday, February 20, 1969 rebels; we have our hedge funds and con­ Last year, climaxing eight months of Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Feb-. glomerates. arduous and often unrewarding study on his ruary 18 marked the 48th anniversary of To me there is a very clear parallel between part and that of his limited staff, Represent­ the excitement for change on campus, and ative Roth came up With an eye-opening­ the Armenian revolt against the Soviet the young, bold, imaginative, sometimes brash and jaw-dropping-report on the magnitude Union which was holding their area il­ and sometimes irritating behavior of the in­ of federal assistance programs. Although legally. Despite the heroism of the Ar­ vestment and corporate Swingers. thwarted time and again in his efforts to menian people during the revolt, they In each case, there have been excesses-on enumerate all such programs, the Delaware were overcome by force of arms of the campus, the often reckless and self-defeating congressman nevertheless managed to pin­ overwhelming manpower of the Com­ attempts at takeover for its own sake; in the point something like 1,090 programs which munist forces and remain to this day investment community an equally indiscrim­ he listed (at considerable length) in the captives of communism. inate hunger at times for instant gratifica­ Congressional Record of last June 25. tion. Those thousand programs, by the way, The Armenian uprising was especially In each case, there is easy temptation to came to light with only 520 answers to the tragic in that Soviet control of the area be repelled by the outward unpleasantness 1,271 questionnaires he sent throughout the was reasserted just 2 months earli~r of these symptoms of change. But just as no federal establishment. He sent 478 ques­ under the pretext of providing freedom university president can afford to ignore stu- tionnaires to agencies of the Department of and protection. .. dent demands,.neither can we of the Estab­ Health, Education and Welfare alone, re­ In lishment afford to ignore the challenge now ceiving only 21 back before some high-rank­ this day and age when colonialism being hurled at traditional Establishment ing bureaucrat directed HEW program is still a major issue on the U.N. agenda, principles of money management. managers to send the Roth questionnaires we must reemphasize that the only majol.' I think we owe a debt of gratitude to the to him rather ·than to Roth. · colonial power existing ~day · is the .Swingers. Despite their abandon and their Speaking to the House, Roth said that U.8'.S.R. . . . '-abrasive techniques they have created the "not only will they not provide the infor­ We must further reemphasize that the tensions that drive us, that make it a little mation about their activities, the HEW offi­ Armenian people and other captiv-e na­ haz:der for us to doze c;>ff on past performance. cials witll whom I hav.e had to deal seem tions of communism must be free if the I think it would.. be a serious mistake to unconcerned about, even unaware ofr the wrt'te o.ff the new Swingers and their works information needs of our .state and local principle of self-determination of peo­ as merely a passing aberration. . officials _who must apply for federal progr~ms ples is to be effectively honored. . , I sugg,es.t _that. they are clues to deep and and for whom the programs were established ·Mr. Speaker, we niusf tak·e practical permanent changes, that we must know in the first place." steps on behalf of the oppressec people about and must be prepared to act on. February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS· 4155 The keynote of this change is participa­ gossip and old wives' tales that have made of self-serving aetivity that may in the end tion: up so much of the literature and the prac­ be hazardous not only to ourselves indi­ Not just for material rewards--but partici­ tice in investment. vidually, but to the entire community. pation in the decisions that are made, the Yet another incentive Is our capacity to A few years ago, a book appeared on the quality of the decisions, and what is created put into being concepts and ideas with ease market entitled, "How Much Does It Cost by these decisions. and rapidity; to find ways to use ideas and When It's Free?" When the temptation to It would be a bad reading to see in the imagination. instant gratification arises, as it does often t emper and behavior of the young no more I have spent a lot of time talking about these days, we ought to ask ourselves before than a desire to drop out. I think for the participation and incentives. Our own re­ plunging after it: How much will today's most part they want to drop in. They want sponse to these trends wm take the form of techniques used in performance cost us to take on The Establishment, not destroy incentives based upon the performance of tomorrow? it--modify it so they can participate in a way each of our new funds. In turn, these will t hat will give them not only profit but au­ be reflected in incentive payments to the in­ thority as well. dividuals who participate in the management Nobody should know better than we about of these funds. If approved by the regulatory GREAT PUBLIC SERVANTS FROM t he value of participation. Few among us bodies the incentive payments will fluctuate TEXAS would have believed 20 years ago that the in relation to the revenues we receive from upstart mutual funds would have become the the performance of each of these funds. I means by which millions of individuals came believe this is the basic concept of participa­ HON. J. J. PICKLE to participate in our great industrial growth. tion. It is my best hope that it becomes the OF TEXAS What many regarded as a threat has become pattern for the institutional investment in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a means through which the investment com­ dustry to adopt for its own needs. munity has created the largest public con­ In paying attention to these interesting Thursday, February 20, 1969 stituency in his history, at the same time new challenges, we should not overlook an Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, when contributing to the depth and strength of old problem that Is still with us. President Johnson left omce, the event the market. There is a present and continuing danger We should be the last to deny the same in treating speculation and performance as not only marked his closing out a 37- kind of participation to the young people if they were interchangeable, anc'. I think we year career in Washington, but it also and to the go-go breed-and for good sound are at a point where some reasonable con­ marked a break in the public careers of practical reasons. For no matter how Estab­ cern needs to be expressed about what I many other dedicated officials. lishment we are, we have to admire and believe can be called not just the cult of A number of these men were Texans, have to enlist their initiative, creativity, performo.nce, but the cult of performance in and I would like to take a moment to energies and enterprise. These are all virtues search of instant gratification. reflect on some of the ones who carried in every field-the qualities that set them o.ff Speculation has always been with us in from the run of the mill people. the marketplace. Individual speculators can the heaviest burdens during President How can we in the Establishment make move in and out of the market with ease. If Johnson's term. use of these new forces? the individual speculator does well, it adds As I think back on the men who worked First we have to give up our superficial zest to the market, and when individual under our former President, it is difticult prejudices toward some of the strange folk­ speculation goes badly, it is too small to be a to single out those to mention. Of course, ways of the new Swingers. spoiler. there were many fine people associated What separates us now is an unwillingness My concern with institutional speculation with the Johnson administration, but of either side to pay attention to the other. is with the tendency of institutional in­ It is hard to say who is more impatient, vestors to imitate the movements of the there were only a few Texans who at­ the young who see the Establishment as individual speculator. tained positions of the highest trust and paralyzed by the past, or the Establishment Not only mutual funds but insurance responsibility. During the Johnson years, who sees the young dizzy with unreality. companies, pension funds and universitie~; there were three Texans who were ap­ This generation gap is a cut apart, as are following the speculator in search of pointed to Cabinet-level posts. Also, different of its kind as when the schools immediate fast performance. there were two top-level White House began to teach that the earth goes around Traditionally, the role of the fiduciary advisers from my hometown of Austin, the sun instead of the other way around. institution has been to preserve capital, The day you could buy participation with rather than seek capital appreciation, and and I would like to pause a moment to a title, and a key to the washroom, and the speculation for the fiduciaries, was a "no review the background and accomplish­ pension plan is over. man's land." ments of these men. The good grey corporation, no matter how The speculator, as he has been understood, W. Marvin Watson began his career much it pays, will be unable to keep the has been thought of as a single investor with in Longview, Tex., as a special assistant kind of talent it will need to perform in to­ a responsibility no larger than his own cash. to the president of Lone Star Steel Corp. day's world. The speculative direction being taken by From that post, he radiated to public We must learn to distribute the risk-taking some fiduciaries threatens to upset the responsibility, together, with the here and traditional balance in the marketplace be­ service, and soon became executive sec­ now rewards. tween the single speculator and the fiduciary retary for the Texas State Democratic The man with the qualities that we admire dealing with large sums of money and a Executive Committee. It was from this in the new Swingers is not looking for jobs collective responsibility. position that he began his career in or for security. He is pursuing a life style. If the performance cult becomes t he con­ Washington, coming to join the White For that reason, beyond a certain wage tinuing objective of fiduciaries, the future House staff soon after President John­ level, the corporation that enjoys a reputa­ excessive adjustments could make the son took omce. marketplace a wasteland. tion for promoting its free spirits will almost As automatically command the best perform­ In a very large measure, I think the fiduci­ you know, Mr. Watson ultimately ance. aries were forced, as a defensive measure, to was appointed to the job of Postmaster One of the most exciting incentives that we adopt the cult of performance as their own General and attained great credit for his have to offer the new Swingers lies in our Over the years, the fiduciaries understood outstanding job in working to ill).prove responsib1lity to light tlres under caretaker the term responsibilitr to mean custodial postal service. In his short term as Post­ and custodial managements grown comfort­ and conservative. master General, he left a mark which is able under the protective wing of custodial If nothing else the Swingers have taught us still with us today. In the course of his ntoney managers. It's an idling reciprocating that fiduciary responsibility .is more than 15-hour days, 6-day weeks, he came up engine. mere caretaking. Our respc;msibility involves By this I do not mean the answer lies in the capacity to respond to change and to with far-reaching recommendations on the indiscriminate use of investment p.ower new ideas. improvements we now are seeing brought to heat up earnings, or give a misleading How do we cultivate and· maintain this about. Marvin Watson ta"cltled this job picture of hyper-performance. I mean the capacity? Add a good dose of participation with the attitude that· it could be just disciplined and imaginative use of our abili­ together with meaningful incentives; sta-y as important as he wanted to make it, ties in pursuit of our responsibilities. alert to the ideas and experiments that come and he can certainly be proud of his fine Another incentive we have to offer is the from our activists and militants; search and efforts and of the position of high es­ chance to be "where the action is." As a dig for innovative techniques that give flexi­ teem he has achieved. number of us in the investment community bility to a large, institutional portfolio; have come to know, true performance is actively search for people able to make de­ Former Attorney General Ramsey good management; performance investing is cisions-when you find one hire him first Clark is noted for his outstanding aca­ knowing what the facts are; performance in­ and worry about what he will do afterwards; demic accomplishments both in law and vesting is mobilizing more data; perform­ and by all means avoid time-consuming in government. He began his legal ca­ ance investing is thinking logically; per­ committee meetings. reer with 10 years of service in a Dallas formance investing is throwing out all the One more thing: We have to avoid the kind law firm and became eminently ac- 4156 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 quainted with the day-to-day confron­ student at The University of Texas The chairman of this committee em­ tations seen in the law. His first position School of Law, he engaged in the private phasized that one of the areas where in public office was as Deputy Attorney practice of law for 3 years in Austin. they are going to take a hard look is the General for the Lands Division, and he Both during the years he served under disturbances nationwide on our college served here with distinction. From this Gov. John Connally and President John­ campuses. position he was elevated to serve as Dep­ son, he has displayed a never ending uty Attorney General immediately under countenance of quiet understanding, Attorney General Nicholas deB. Katzen­ pleasant cooperation, and unique ability. LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE bach. Mr. Clark later succeeded his own It is unusual that a man so young in boss and became well and widely known years could be so trusted by two of the for his intelligent and courageous efforts top leaders of our country. But he never HON. FLORENCE P. DWYER as Attomey General. failed that trust-neither to the men and OF NEW JERSEY Ramsey Clark is an able and dedicated institutions he represented; nor to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES public servant. He is a gentleman in the dedication and spirit needed for his Wednesday, February 19, 1969 first sense of the word, and he believed duties; nor to the public. Mrs. DWYER. Mr. Speaker, the week dee'ply in the protection of rights for all As has almost always been the case, beginning February 16 occupies a spe­ citizens. He rendered distinguished serv­ men from Texas have done well when cial place in the minds of men to whom ice to his country-and at a critical time they came to Washington. Whether in an the pursuit of personal freedom and na­ during domestic crises which required a elective office or not, they have demon­ tional independence is a noble and con­ cool head. strated a high sense of dedication to their tinuing purposes, for it was on this C. R. Smith, former Secretary of Com­ responsibilities, and they have main­ date-51 years ago-that the courageous merce, was one of the original founders tained a balanced view of the authority people of Lithuania won back their of American Airlines. His service and they have acquired. In my view, it is re­ freedom and established the independent success in the aviation industry corre­ warding that we have had men of such sponds with the fantastic growth of Republic of Lithuania. high capabilities serve us, and that they Though their freedom was destroyed aviation itself, and the mark of distinc­ were available at the proper moment in tion he won in private enterprise ably and their independence denied as a re­ history. I wish I could mention all the sult of the Soviet invasion of June 1940, fortified him to represent the commer­ able Texans who have served us so well, cial activity and industry of the greatest the Lithuanian people at home and but I am pleased to point out a few who abroad, supported by freedom-loving Nation in history. were here when the close of this admin­ As Secretary of Commerce, Mr. friends throughout the world, have never istration took place. surrendered their commitment to free­ Smith's job was to keep tabs on the com­ I am proud to have been associated mercial activities and growth of our dom. with each of them, and I know that in This anniversary, therefore, is deeply country, and he was both eminently whatever new endeavors they may have and immediately qualified for these re­ significant to all who retain the hope assumed, they will continue, in their own that Lithuania will eventually reestab­ sponsibilities. Mr. C. R., as we affection­ way, to give our country the strength ately call him, proved himself a friend lish herself among the independent na­ and purpose which comes from such tions of the world. of business, and a protector of the Amer­ leaders. ican public. He understood the problems Despite Soviet oppression, the light of business and commerce, yet he knew of liberty still flickers strongly in Lithu­ progress was a partnershi'p between WHAT'S IN A NAME? ania and throughout Eastern Europe as business and labor, and that the public we have seen most dramatically in interest must come first. Czechoslovakia in recent months. This As a final word about each of the HON. WILMER MIZELL is why, Mr. Speaker, it is so important Cabinet officers just mentioned, I would OF NORTH CAROLINA that we in the Congress continue to give note that to the man, each stayed at his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES what encouragement we can through such means as annual observances of the desk right up to the last hour-working Thursday, February 20, 1969 around the clock-and I feel that they independence days of nations like Lith­ are due a great deal of credit for the Mr. MIZELL. Mr. Speaker, on Tuesday uania. smooth transition we recently enjoyed. of this week, the House passed, by a In further tribute to their indefati­ In addition to these three Cabinet record vote of 305 to 79, House Resolution gable love of freedom, and for the in­ members, there were two Texans from 89 to change the name of the Committee formation of our colleagues, I include Austin who eamed and deserved special on Un-American Activities to the Com­ as a part of my remarks in the RECORD positions of trust. mittee on Internal Security. I am pleased the texts of resolutions adopted, first, George Christian joined the White to say that I was one of the 305 Mem­ by the members of the Linden, N.J., House staff from a full and varied back­ bers to cast a vote for this measure. branch of the Lithuanian American ground of journalism, generally at the I am impressed by the fact that the Council and, second, by the Lithuanian State level. A former writer for the In­ majority of the membership of the people at a mass meeting in Newark ternational News Service, he served as House is intent upon ferreting out sub­ sponsored by the Lithuanian Council of special assistant to Texas Govs. Price versive elements wherever they exist, New Jersey. Daniel and John Connally. His service and working in conjunction with our De­ The resolutions follow: with President Johnson immediately in­ partment of Justice in exposing them. RESOLUTIONS volved him in one of the most sensitive The fact that the committee has, from Unanimously adopted on February 9, 1969, jobs anyone could have. He served as time to time, been condemned by the by the Lithuanian Americans of Linden, N.J ., White House Press Secretary for over 3 Communist Daily Worker and its ilk re­ gathered under the auspices of Lithuanian years and in retrospect, I believe we asserts the need for such an investigative American Council, Linden branch, for com­ could say that he always handled him­ group to bring to light subversion wher­ memoration of the 51st anniversary of t he self with the poise and dignity so es­ ever it seeks to undermine our way of declaration of Lithuania's independence. life. Whereas February 16, 1969 marks t he 51st sential in this position. anniversary of the declaration of Lit h uania George Christian, often referred to as The change in name in no way di­ as a free and independent republic; and "Mr. Unflappable," is truly a man who minishes the committee's scope nor au­ Whereas Lithuania, the country of our an­ understands the feelings of those with thority. But by changing its name to cesters, once an independent and flourishing whom he deals and who is always aware Committee on Internal Security, it bet­ republic, recognized and respected by t he of the winds and currents presented in ter defines what its true role is and that world's major powers, was invaded and oc­ any situation. He was as steady as a rock is to defend the rights of all American cupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, to t his of Texas granite. citizens-which in effect it always was. day its people enslaved and subjugated; and Whereas commemorating the 51st anniver­ Larry Temple also served as special Those of us who supported this provosal sary the feeling of many Lithuanian Ameri­ assistant under Texas Gov. John Con­ believe it will increase the efficiency of cans may well be guided by the words of our nally and enjoyed a most successful the committee to deal effectively in areas President, Richard M. Nixon, expressed in career at the White House. An honor where its attention is needed. his inaugural speech, that "No man can be February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4157

fully free while his neighbor is not--to go Resolved., That the pa.uperlzation of the entry into the United States is not subject forward at all is to go forward together"­ Lithuanian people, conversion of once free to qua.ntlta.tlve restrictions. Therefore, be it farmers into serfs on kolkhozes and sovk­ These facts-surplus production and sub­ Resolved, that we hereby reaffirm our de· hozes, a.s well as exploitation of workers, per­ sidized exports abroad-combined with the termination to continue to carry on the ef­ secution of the faithful, restriction of re­ near-term likelihood of continuing price rises fort whereby Lithuania. once again shall re­ ligious practices, and closing of houses of in the United States clearly imply that a.n gain her freedom and rightful independence; worship, and be it finally attempt to regulate only imports of low­ and Resolved, That copies of this resolution be priced cheese is futlle. Permitting unre­ Resolved, that it is our hope that the rep­ forwarded this day to the President of the stricted entry to table-quality cheese priced resentatives of our Government will firmly United States, secretary of State William higher than a stated minimum (e.g., higher continue to maintain the policy of non-rec­ Rogers, United States Ambassador to the than 37 or 47 cents per pound) wlll cause ognition of the incorporation by force of United Nations Charles Yost. United States increased production and exports of this type Lithuania in the Soviet Union; and Senators from New Jersey, Members of U.S. of cheese from the surplus countries to the Resolved, that the Government of the Congress from New Jersey, and the press. United States market. Other things being United States be requested to take appropri­ LITHUANIAN COUNCIL OF NEW JERSEY, equal, as costs of U.S. dairy farmers con­ ate steps through the United Nations and VALENTINAS MELINIS, tinue to increase, present percentages of par­ other channels to reverse the policy of colo­ President. ity prices can be maintained only by raising nialism by Soviet Russia in the Baltic States ALBIN S . TRECIOKAS, U.S. support prices. With higher support and bring about re-examination of the Baltic Secretary. prices imports would increasingly displace situation with the view of re-establishing U.S. domestic production. Quite apart from freedom and independence to these three the difllculties of administering such a price­ nations; and determined quantitative restriction, there­ Resolved, that copies of these resolutions fore-and these administrative difficulties be forwarded to the President of the United TARIFF COMMISSION DAIRY RE­ are many-relative price conditions are such States, His Excellency Richard M. Nixon; to PORT INCLUDES INSIGHT ON IM­ that unrestricted imports of high-priced the Secretary of State, the Honorable Wil­ PORT SITUATION table-quality cheeses would be disruptive to liam F. Rogers; to the United States Ambas­ domestic support programs. The require­ sador to the United Nations, the Honorable ments of section 22 of the Agricultural Ad­ Charles W. Yost; to the United States Sen­ HON. ANCHER NELSEN justment Act, as amended, therefore, make ators of New Jersey, the Honorable Clifford OF MINNESOTA essential restrictions on all imports of dairy P. Case, and the Honorable Harrison A. Wil­ products-of products, that is, in which the liams; to the Representatives of the Twelfth IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cost of milk or butterfat represents a. sig­ and Thirteenth Congressional Districts of Thursday, February 20. 1969 nificant fraction of total cost. New Jersey, the Honorable Florence P. Dwyer An estimate of the amount of dairy prod­ and the Honorable Cornelius E. Gallagher, Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, one of the ucts which could be imported into the and to the Governor of New Jersey, the Hon­ last official acts performed by President United States without endangering the price­ orable Richard J. Hughes. Johnson was to restrict a number of areas support program for milk is especially d11fi­ VLADAS TuRSA, of dairy imports. He implemented the cult both because of the many policy de­ President. recommendations of the majority of the cisions required by law of the Secretary of MARGARITA SAMATAS, members of the U.S. Tariff Commission, Agriculture and the President in regard to Chairman, Resolutions Committee. as listed in their report released January prices, support levels, parity and produc­ 10, 1969, but in the eyes of many dairy tion, and because of varying prices and ag­ RESOLUTION ricultural policies abroad. Nonetheless a (Unanimously adopted at a meeting of authorities, he overlooked the major study of recent market trends suggests that America.n-Lithua.nians and their friends liv­ problems of dairy imports today: The imports in the range of one to one-and-a­ ing in Ne"V Jersey, sponsor~ by the Lithu­ subsidized dumping of European dairy quarter blllion pounds (milk equivalent) anian Councll of New Jersey, held on Sun­ surpluses. could be absorbed with no further accumula­ day, February 16, 1969 at St. George's Lithu­ The argument against simply limiting tion of Government stocks, given present anian Hall, Newark, New Jersey, in com­ the amounts of certain types of dairy im­ levels of production, consumption and memoration of the 51st anniversary of the ports has been most lucidly stated in the prices.1 establishment of the Republic of Lithuania My recommendations for quantitative re­ on February 16, 1918.) statement of Commissioner Penelope H. strictions on imports of the dairy products Whereas the Soviet Union took over Lith­ Thunberg in which Commissioner Bruce under investigation, together with those re­ uania by force in June of 1940; and E. Clubb concurred. strictions already existing, aggregate approx­ Whereas the Lithuanian people are Commissioner Thunberg points out imately one billion pounds. Because U.S. strongly opposed to foreign domination and that closing a door here or there simply price-support programs do not include milk are determined to restore their freedom and means that the import effort will be di­ other than cow's milk (such as sheep's milk sovereign~y which they rightly and deserv­ rected to other areas. or goat's milk), my estimate of aggregate im- edly enjoyed for more than seven centuries For the reference of the Members, I in the past; and include the statement in my remarks 1 During the first part of the year 1966 Whereas the Soviets have deported or at this time: at the then preva111ng prices demand and killed over twenty-five per cent of the Lithu­ supply relationships for dairy products in anian population since June 15, 1940; and STATEMENT OF COMMISSIONER THUNBERG IN the United States appeared to be in ap­ Whereas the House of Representatives and WHICH COMMISSIONER CLUBB CONCURS proximate balance. Aggregate stocks, com­ the United States senate (of the 89th Con­ Mounting agricultural surpluses-includ­ mercial and Government, appeared stable gress) unanimously passed House Concur­ ing surpluses of dairy products-which are at about 4.5 blllion pounds (mllk equiva­ rent Resolution 416 urging the President of presently inundating the European Economic lent); imports amounted to nearly one bll­ the United States to direct the attention of Community (EEC), buttressed by the COm­ Uon pounds at an annual rate. the world opinion at the Unite<\ Nations and munity's policy of subsidizing exports, make During the preceding four years, 1962-65, at other appropriate international forums it clear that milk products from Europe can total stocks held in the country had been and by such means as he deems appropriate, be landed i.n the United States a.t price levels steadily reduced from a level of 12 billion to the denial of the rights of self-determin­ substantially below those which have pre­ pounds in 1962. During the same period im­ ation for the peoples of Estonia, Latvia, and vaned in this country in recent years. Pres­ ports fluctuated around 850 million pounds Lithuania, and to bring the force of world sures to minimize the costs of the Commu­ annually, varying from 800 million in 1962 opinion to bear on behalf of the restoration nity's Common Agricultural Policy wlll, to 925 mlllion in 1965. This was an interval of these rights to the Baltic peoples; now, moreover, encourage the conversion of milk of stability in parity levels at 75 percent with therefore, be it into any product which can be sold abroad the CCC support objective for manufactur­ Resolved, That we, Americans of Lithu­ for more than the cost of delivering it. In ing milk rising gently from 3.11 cents per anian origin or descent, reaffirm our adher­ addition, excess dairy product output in the pound in 1962 to 3.24 cents in 1965. During ence ...o American democratic principles of EEC has caused the accumulation of sur­ these years the market price of butter at government and pledge our support to our pluses in other dairy-producing countries Chicago averaged 59 cents per pound. President and our Congress to achieve last­ which formerly had exported sizable quanti­ On June 30, 1966, the CCC support pric~ ing peace, freedom and justice in the world; ties to members of the Common Market. Ex­ and be it further ports of these third countries (primarily for milk for manufacturing was raised to 4 Resolved, That the President of the United Denmark, Switzerland, Finland, and Aus­ cents per pound, or 89.5 percent of parity States carries out the expression of the U.S. tria), having been replaced by domestic out­ from a level of 75 percent of parity that Congress contained in H . Con. Res. 416 by put in the EEC, are increasingly seeking out­ prevailed during the period 1962-65. The bringing up the Baltic States question in lets in the high-priced U.S. market. The ex­ market price of butter at Chicago rose to the United Nations and demanding the So­ istence of this surplus milk production in 69 cents per pound; imports rose to a rate viets to withdraw from Estonia, Latvia, and Europe makes practically certain mounting approaching 3 billion pounds a. year and Lithuania and be it further imports of virtually all dairy products whose aggregate stocks began again to accumulate. 4158 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 port capability is concerned with cow's milk thereof, With the support programs for milk the world opinion at the United Nations and and cow's milk products. My recommenda­ and butterfat, and, therefore, make no rec­ at other appropriate international forums tions for quantitative restrictions conse­ ommendations for quantitative restrictions and by such means as he deems appropriate, quently exclude products of milk other than on such items. to the denia.l of the rights of self-determina­ cow's mllk and are distributed among the On "aged" Cheddar cheese, I recommend tion for the peoples of Estonia, Latvia, and categories under investigation in proportion continuation a! the existing quantitative re­ Lithuania, and to bring the force of world to U.S. imports in 1965--67 (average) as striction of 1,225,000 pounds annually, with opinion to bear on behalf of the restora­ shown in the accompanying table.2 Because country allocations. On the edible prepara.­ tion of these rights to the Baltic peoples; milk accounts for nearly 50 percent of the tions in bulk classifiable under TSUS item now, therefore, be it cost of producing chocolate crumb in the 182.92 (consisting largely of butterfat-sugar Resolved, That we, Americans of Lithuani­ United States, I have included within the mixtures), I recommend continua.tion of the a.n origin or decent, rea.tDrm. our adherence proposed quotas articles provided for in existing annua.l quota of 2,580,000 pounds to American democratic principles of gov­ TSUS item. 156.30 if containing over 5.5 per­ and redefinition of the quota provision to ernment and pledge our support to our Presi­ cent by weight of butterfat (except articles include the same type products in retail­ dent and our Congress to achieve lasting which are l"eady to eat and are in retail pack­ size containers (now entered under TSUS peace, freedom and justice in the world; and ages of not over one pound net weight). item 182.95) with no change in the amount be it further Because milk represents less than one of the quota. Resolved, That the President of the United quarter of the total cost of the chocolate The quantitative restrictions I recommend States carried out the expression of the U.S. and cocoa items covered by this investiga­ are shown in the following tabulation, which Congress contained in H. Con. Res. 416 by tion, other than chocolate crumb, I find no also shows the computations used in arriv­ bringing up the Baltic States question in the material interference, or practical certainty ing at the recommended amounts: United Nations and demanding the Soviets to ------withdraw from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithu­ ania and be it further Factor Resolved, Average used to Recommended (\Uantita- That the pauperization of the annual Milk equ ivalent of convert tive restrictions Lithuanian people, convention of once free U.S. average imports product farmers into serfs on kolkhozes and sovk­ imports, ------weight Milk Product hozes, as well as exploitation of workers, 1965--67 Quantity Percent to milk equivalent weight (million (million of equivalent (million (thousand persecution of the faithful restriction of re­ Product (abbreviated description) pounds) pounds) total (pounds) pounds) pounds) ligious practices, and closing of houses of worship, and be it finally Resolved, That copies of this resolution be Condensed and evaporated milk and cream ____ _ 3. 5 8. 0 2. 2 2. 20 8. 7 3, 935 Process Edam and Gouda cheeses ______2. 7 20.7 5. 6 7. 58 22. 0 2,907 forwarded this day to the President of the

Italian-type cheeses not in original loaves __ .. __ _ 0 7 5. 5 1.5 7. 98 5. 9 740 United States, Secretary of State William Swiss or Emmenthaler cheese ______13. 2 111.9 30.0 8. 49 118. 0 13, 904 Rogers, United States Ambassador to the Gruyere-process cheese ______.. ______8.1 73. 5 19. 7 9. 09 77.5 8, 528 Certain "other" cheese (except cheese not United Nations Charles Yost, United States containing cow's milk)------16.8 130. 2 34.9 7. 80 137.3 17,606 Senators from New Jersey, Members of U.S. Chocolate crumb _... ______._. ______• 10. 0 22.8 6.1 2. 30 24.0 10,436 Congress from New Jersey, and the press. TotaL ______..... ______.. ___ .... __ .. _------V ALENTINAS MELINIS, (I) 372.6 100. 0 (1) 393.4 (1) President . .ALBIN S. TRECIOKAS, 1 Not meaningful. Secretary.

I recommend that the quotas proposed in with deep sympathy and admiration for the tabulation be administered by means of those courageous people. FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE a licensing system, such as that currently employed by the Department of Agriculture It was my honor to join yesterday with in administering quantitative restrictions on our esteemed colleague, the Honorable U.S. imports of most dairy products, so as DANIEL FLooD, of Pennsylvania, in paying HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON to assure an equitable distribution of the tribute to Lithuania in the House of Rep­ OF ALABAMA quotas among importers, users, and supply­ resentatives. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing countries. To be equitable in the alloca­ I am privileged today to call to the tion of the quotas among supplying coun­ attention of Congress an eloquent resolu­ Thursday, February 20, 1969 tries, the distribution of trade should, to the tion in commemoration of this historic Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, each fullest extent practicable, reflect any special factors which may have affected or may be event that was adopted at a mass meet­ year the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the afiecting the trade in the product in the rep­ ing held by the Lithuanian people on United States and its Ladies Auxiliary resentative period. Thus, in the case at hand, February 16, 1969, at St. George's Hall, conducts a Voice of Democracy contest special consideration should be given to Newark, N.J. Mr. Albin S. 'I'l.·eciokas, in which over 400,000 students compete those countries which have not in recent Secretary, Lithuanian Council of New for five scholarships. Scholarships in the years disrupted the domestic market--even Jersey, has kindly sent me the resolution amounts of $5,000, $3,500, $2,500, $1,500, though they possessed the capabllity of which I am happy to insert a·t this point and $1,000 are awarded to the winners doing so--by restricting, or by not subsidiz­ in the RECORD: in the contest, the theme of which this ing, their exports to the United States. These countries should not now be penalized in RESOLUTION OF LITHUANIAN COUNCn. OF NEW year was "Freedom's Challenge." the allocation of quotas because of their JERSEY A winning contestant is chosen from cooperation in such efiorts. Rather, I suggest Unanimously adopted at a meeting of each State and is brought to Washing­ that the principles of Article XTII of the American-Lithuanians and their friends liv­ ton for the final judging. The scholar­ GATT be fully observed. ing in New Jersey, sponsored by the Lithua­ ship awards are announced at the VFW's nian Council of New Jersey, held on Sunday, annual congressional dinner, scheduled February 16, 1969, at St. George's Lithuanian Hall, Newark, New Jersey, in commemoration this year for March 4. o! the 51st anniversary of the establishment Mr. Speaker, Alabama's winner in the LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE of the Republic of Lithuania on February 16, Voice of Democracy contest is Miss Patti 1918. Mungenast, 116 West Drive, Maxwell Air Whereas the Soviet Union took over Lithu­ Force Base, Ala., a resident of my con­ HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH ania by force in June of 1940; and gressional district. I commend Miss OF NEW JERSEY Whereas the Lithuanian people are strongly Mungenast for this accomplishment, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES opposed to foreign domination and are de­ I wish her the best of luck in the national termined to restore their freedom and sov­ Thursday, February 20, 1969 ereignty which they rightly and deservedly judging. I am inserting the text of Miss enjoyed for more than seven centuries in the Mungenast's speech in the CoNGRES­ Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, the free past; and SIONAL RECORD SO that other Members Of world this week is observing the 51st an­ Whereas the Soviets have deported or killed Congress may benefit from reading the niversary of Lithuanian independence over twenty-five percent of the Lithuanian work of this fine young American: pop'Ulation since June 15, 1940; and FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE 2 For purposes of the 50-percent clause in Whereas the House of Representatives and the first proviso to section 22(b), the rep­ the United States Senate (o! the 89th Con­ (By Miss Patti Mungenast) resentative period for imports of the articles gress) unanimously passed House Concur-· "This is your·newscaster with the 12 o'clock under investigation would thus become the rent Resolution 416 urging the President of report. Good ·afternoon. Today the world calendar years 196~7. inclusive. the United States to direct the attenltion o:f mourns the loss a! the second Kennedy February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4159

brother. Robert F. Kennedy died early this I arrived in Alabama three years ago and on imports and processing travelers. It en­ morning after a struggle of nearly twelve entered Montgomery Catholic High as a forces statutes for about 40 other govern­ hours. Doctors account for hls death by -a freshman. Since then I have had omces tn ment agencies such as the Neutrality Act, bullet which penetrated the skull causing the Student Council, twice as president of my the Export Control laws, antl-smuggl1ng fatal wound. The Senator's body will be class. I hold an A-B average and speech, laws, etc. shipped to Arlington Cemetery, Wednesday, English, and history, are my favorite sub­ For more than a century following its cre­ and wlll be laid next to his slain brother jects. In my spare time I like to read and ation by the second, third and fifth acts of President John F. Kennedy who was assassi­ occasionally write poetry. the First Congress in 1789, the Customs Serv­ nated four years ago. ice provided the federal government with "Meanwhile, FBI are still looking for James most of its operating revenues. It financed Earl Ray. accused assassin of the Reverend the 9urchase of the Louisiana, Florida and Martin Luther King, Jr. King, shot and mur­ the Alaska territories, and has played a key dered three weeks ago, was the father of the CUSTOMS COLLECTIONS REACH role in the development and expansion of the Negro search for equal rights and was the RECORD TOTAL economy of the United States. principal character in forming resurrection The ten collection districts, with each dis­ city. trict designated by its headquarters port and "In a moment we'll be back with more news HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONGE showing the New York seaport and the New after a word from our sponsor.'' OF CONNECTICUT York Kennedy International Airport sepa­ How often have we turned on our televi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rately, having the largest total collections for sion sets only to hear something to this ef­ calendar year 1968 were as follows: fect1 Is this the United States? Is this the Thursday, February 20, 1969 Total customs collections, calendar year 1968 leader of the free world? 1. New York Seaport______$939, 620, 702. 71 I don't think Too much emphasis today Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, one of the so. 2. Los Angeles______236, 035, 956. 72 is placed on the riots and demonstrations few Government agencies which turns a and not enough on the good taking place profit while doing an extraordinarily 3. Detroit ------226, 716, 550. 79 around us. We live in a pessimistic society competent job for the American people 4. New York Airport______192, 846, 974. 17 waiting impatiently for the H-Bomb to fall is the U.S. CUstoms Service, under the 5. Philadelphia ------162, 972, 437. 29 down upon us. We live on the evil printed 6. Chicago ------153, 200, 463. 59 able leadership of Commissioner Lester 7. San Francisco ------138, 713, 523. 05 in our newspapers and broadcasted on our D. Johnson. It is reassuring to know that T.V.'s. These are the things that are slowly 8. Cleveland ------134, 398, 639. 49 tearing our nation apart. we have within the executive branch of 9. Boston ------118, 326, 591. 43 This is freedom's challenge-to piece our Government such a fine and dedicated 10. Baltimore ------92, 684, 109. 94 country back together-to bind the wounda group of public servants as those in the Total customs collections, calendar year 1967 that prejudice and hatred have caused. Bureau of Customs. 1. New York Seaport ______$816, 419, 067. 00 This challenge lies on the shoulders of each Even under the best conditions, CUs­ 2. Detroit------195,481,303.00 individual. John F. Kennedy in his Inaugural toms is a hard and thankless job, but 3. Los Angeles ------190, 665, 083. 00 speech said, "Ask not what your country .. .'' we hear little about it. It is my pleasure 4. New York Airport______162, 830, 529.00 So many times people have asked "How can 5. Philadelphia------145,709,164.00 I do anything worthwhile for my country?" to bring to the attention of my colleagues 6. Chicago ------135, 020~ 365. 00 not realizing how much this nation depends a press release issued recently by the Bureau of Customs on the occasion of 7. San Francisco------115, 177,606. 00 upon these individuals themselves. 8. Cleveland ------110, 502, 860. 00 In the busy hustle and bustle of our twen­ its !80th birthday, reflecting some of the 9. Boston ------109, 782, 947. 00 tieth century world, the individual seems to results of its hard work. It reads as 10. Baltimore ------78, 235, 640. 00 be lost. But he's not really. He's Just hiding follows: in the small communities. He may be a mayor or a PTA president. He may be a truck driver CUSTOMS COLLECTIONS FOR 1968 BREAK ALL or a small business man. He may be a hus­ PREVIOUS RECORDS band and he may be a father. He may be you. A record total of $3,179,762,090-an in­ HUNGER IN AMERICA-PART V But what makes him so very different? crease of 16.2% over the previous year-was What makes.him stand apart? It's all spelled collected by the Bureau of Customs during out in a fourteen-letter word-Responsiblllty. the calendar year ending December 31, U.S. Our nation is a parasite. It thrives on you, Commissioner of Customs Lester D. Johnson HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN the individual. Without you, it will wither announced today. It was the first time in' its OF NEW YORK and die; with you, we'll prosper and flourish. 180-year history that Customs revenues ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We as students can only prepare ourselve·s ceeded the three-billion-dollar mark. for the future so that we may be able to Another record was broken by the number Thursday, February 20, 1969 support our country in action. To many, of persons entering the United States, in­ Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, today's New voting or obeying traffic laws may seem in­ cluding U.S. residents going abroad, foreign York Times carries the fifth and last of significant, but they are only a small part visitors, etc., and going through Customs of a citlzep's duty. We as Americans must processing. The total was greater than the a serles of articles by Homer Bigart on wa.rd off destruction to our democratic soci­ entire population of the country-219,581,549 the extent of hunger in the United ety and protect the love and respect for our which represented a 4.8% increase over the States. In this article Mr. Bigart reports country. Unfortunately, there aren't many 1967 total of 209,443,247. on the dire poverty and malnutrition people llke this today. Commissioner Johnson also reported sub­ which prevails in the hollows of Appala­ You ask, "Is it too late? Has our time run stantial increases in the number of formal chia. Like his previous articles, this ar:­ out?" and informal customs entries of 13.8% and ticle should awaken the executive branch One way to loo;t at this is by viewing sta­ 14.9% respectively. Mail packages received and the Congress to the need for immedi­ tistics. The average age of the worlQ.'s greatest rose from 54,351,384 to 58,068,349 (6.8%). civilizations has been two hundred years. Reflecting the general upswing of business ate actions to make our agricultural These nations have (1) risen from slavery activity, customs invoices increased by 18.3% abundance available to all of our people. or bondage to a spiritual faith; (2) from from 3,605,315 to 4,263,562. This highly regarded journalist has ren­ spiritual faith to great courage; (3) from Figures on aircraft arrivals rose by 9.6% dered a signal service by focusing atten­ courage to liberty as did our own thirteen from 298,848, to 327,456. Vehicles and trains, tion on these intolerable conditions which colonies; (4) from liberty we have grown into including freight cars, increased 4.3% from Government has a responsibility to wipe abundance; (5) from abundance to selfish­ 62,159,768 to 64,826,836. Vessels and ferries out. The article follows: ness; (6) from selfishness to apathy; (7) rose 2.2% . from apathy to dependence; (8) from de­ Commissioner Johnson said that the U.S. HUNGER IN AMERICA: APPALACHIA ILL-FED pendence back again to bondage. Customs Service, which is now in its 180th DESPITE A NATIONAL EFFORT In eight years our own United States will year of operations, has been able to absorb (By Homer Bigart) be two hundred years oid. Will we, too, resort its soaring workload only with considerable PRESTONSBURG, KY.-The hollows of Ap­ to selfishness and apathy? difficulty in view of restraints on hiring which palachia and their hidden nests of tar paper It depends on you. have applied during recent years. shacks are breeding another generation I was born 17 years ago, one in a long line "There appears no reason to believe," Mr. stunted by hunger and programmed for a of fourteen children, in Urbana Illinois. Be­ Johnson said, "that the Customs workload lifetime of poverty. cause my father is · in the Air Force I have which is increasing more rapidly in some Eight years have passed since President had the opportunity of visittng many of the major instances than projected in our last Kennedy focused the nation's attention on states and a few foreign coUntries· such as budget estimate, will do anything but con­ the hardships of thousands of unemployed Germany and Canada. These tours have given tinue its upward spiral." miners and marginal farmers and their fami­ me an insight into other . people's customs The Bureau of C.ustoms has a wide range lies existing in these mountains. Vast sums and I have gained many lasting friendships. of responsibilities apart from collecting duty of Federal money have been poured into the 4160 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 area. There has been a reduction in human A liberal Republican, Mr. Choate has been EMERGENCY FOOD FUND misery. The miners no longer riot. But un­ quietly urging friends in the Nixon Admin­ Last year congress approved an emergency employment is heavy and poverty remains istration to drastically revise the handling food and medical fund to be used by the endemic. of the food programs. He believes there may O.E.O. for families who were too destitute to When Senator Robert F. Kennedy visited be as many as five million "chronically hun­ pay even 50 cents for food stamps or who this area a year ago, he found a county gry" Americans and five to ten milllon more had run out of stamps and were on the verge (Wolfe) where some 5,000 of the 6,500 resi­ undernourished because of poverty-induced of starvation. dents lived below the poverty line-an income diets. But the fund wa-s inadequate. of $3,000 a year for a family of four-and He would reduce the price of food stamps At Whitesburg, Ky., Mrs. Irene Whittaker, where half the total amount of food con­ and expand the volume and variety of the coordinator of O.E.O.'s emergency program sumed was acquired through the Federal food free commodity distribution program to in­ for Letcher, Le.slie, Knott and Perry Coun­ stamp program. Today the reliance on Federal sure that every stomach got at least a mini­ ties, said that only about $3,500 a month was help has not diminished. mum balanced intake. And while reluctant available for emergency food supplement for Here in eastern Kentucky as in the rural to join others who demand that the food the four counties, plus $800 for medicine for South, in the migrant farm labor camps of programs be transferred from the Depart­ diseases of malnutrition. Florida, in the Mexican-American slums of ment of Agriculture to the Department of This monthly allocation was quickly ex­ San Antonio and in the Indian reservations Health, Education, and Welfare, Mr. Choate hausted, Mrs. Whittaker said, pointing out of the Southwest a visitor hears this con­ conceded that the Agricultural Committees that one-third of the 95,000 residents of the stant complaint: the Federal food programs, of Congress, dominated by conservatives and four counties belonged to families with in­ whether food stamps or direct distribution inclined to look upon the food programs as comes of less than $1,500 a year. of surplus commodities, do not provide mechanisms for getting rid of surpluses and She could not say whether hunger was be­ enough sustenance each month to stave off shoring up farm prices, showed little empathy coming more acute, but disclosed that during hunger. for the poor. January, in Letcher COunty alone, 40 new The monthly allotment of foOd for a family Back in the hollows, meanwhile, the Ap­ families reported incomes of less than $29 usually runs out in the third week. People palachian Volunteers, an antipoverty or­ for the month, thus becoming eligible for complain that the food stamps cost too much, ganization, reported finding many moun­ the minimum (50 cents) pay-in for food although there is general agreement that the taineers still ignorant of their rights to re­ stamps. stamp program, in principle, is better than ceive welfare payments and participate in Mrs. Whittaker said she was troubled by free distribution of commodities that often the food programs. Rejected by the county of­ the people she could not help. Some local fail to meet nutritional requirements. ficials in a first bid for welfare, the hungry observers said that her compassion was more Persons eligible for stamps pay in "an parents would often return dejectedly to the rule than the exception among the dis­ amount equivalent to their mormal expendi­ cabins swarming with children without first pensers of welfare, that very few were callous ture for food," according to the plan, and demanding a hearing. although many were often made to appear then exchange the stamps, which are worth During a tour of Floyd County hollows, insensitive because of the inadequacies and more than their pay-in value by varying when shanties perched precariously above the red tape of the programs. amounts, for any food of their choice at sulphur-polluted creeks, Hank Zingg, an Ap­ Sometimes, even in the deep South, state groceries. palachian Volunteer, showed a visitor some and local officials are angels, they said. One But the plan is unrealistic, Marian Wright families that had been refused relief because who came to mind was William H. Burson, Edelman, civil rights lawyer and counsel to the father, an idle miner, was considered the 39-year-old State Welfare Director of last year's Poor People's March on Washing­ able-bodied. Georgia. ton, explained in the capital, because despite In one cabin, Russell Johnson, 41, father Mr. Burson, a war correspondent with some lowering of the buy-in scale, the as­ of seven small children, produced a letter United Press international in Korea and a sumption remains that people with little or from a doctor saying that Mr. Johnson had former aide to Senator Herman E. Talmadge, no income need less to eat than people with stlicosis, a disease of the lungs common startled conservatives in the administra­ more income. Families with no income-and among miners, induced by the inhalation of tion of Gov. Lester G. Maddox by vigorously there are many of them, she said--can hardly coal dust, and that "any type of exertion attempting to install Federal food aid pro­ have a "normal expenditure for food." causes shortness of breath and smother­ grams in every Georgian county, often over Robert B. Choate, a transplanted Boston ing." the opposition of county leaders. Brahmin who became a leading advocate in But Mr. Johnson said he had been turned In a telephone interview from Atlanta, Mr. Washington for the hungry poor after a dec­ down by the welfare board because he was not Burson said that every county except Troup, ade of philanthropic involvement with pov­ considered "totally and permanently dis­ a relatively high income area, was now on erty programs in the Southwest, raised addi­ abled." commodities or stamps. "Some of the other tional criticisms. THREE DOLLARS RARELY AVAILABLE counties had denied any hunger existed,"* * • He noted that in Appalachia, fair distribu­ His family's only income, he said, was the feed 'em they won't work.' " tion of food to the needy was impeded more Particularly troublesome was Glascock by political and economic considerations few dollars his wife earned keeping house for her grandfather. The family had to pay County. There, Mr. Burson recalled, Sheriff than by racial bias. Here, as well as in much James English ran two welfare representa­ of the rest of rural America, most of the $3 a month to obtain food stamps worth $82, and because it rarely had $3 available -tives out of the county, declaring that a abject poor are not only white but Anglo­ food program would "just mean a lot of Saxon and Protestant as well. Of an estl­ at one time the amount had to be provided by the. food emergency fund of the Office of niggers lined up." ·mated total of 12 million rural poor in the Eventually the Federal Department of Agri­ n ation, he said, only three million were black. Economic Opportunity. Even so, the food seldom lasted into the third week, Mr. John­ culture had to come in and set up a program, ROLE OF COUNTY POLITICS son said. 'paying the adxninistrative costs that the county had refused to pay, Mr. Burson said. Mr. Choate said that welfare in Eastern · ~ The rest of the month it's nothing but Kentucky was often doxninated by the county bread and gravy," he said. ·But he had heard Glascock was reconsider­ political machines, and a man's eligibility And some faxnilles had to start watering ing, and Inight cooperate on food stamps. for food was conferred as a political favor. the gravy during the fourth week. Elsewhere in the nation, local resistance • He was not impressed by the Department "They're all puny but I never had no sick­ to food programs seems to be softening. of Agriculture's contention that all but 472 ness out of 'em," declared Mrs. Milford New­ Nutritionists and social workers are discover­ counties and independent cities in the United some, surveying some of her nine pallid chil­ .ing they can talk about the existence of States were participating (or about to par­ dren in a cabin beside a mine spur on the ·hunger without being accused of giving aid ticipate) in either the food stamp or the IJgon Branch. She was comparatively well­ and comfort to the Communists. They were commodities program. off, getting a total of $309 a month from helped by the publication in January of a "Many counties," he charged, "have less welfare and Social Security. But she had to preliminary report on a sampling of the than 10 per cent of their poor involved in pay out $94 a month to obtain •144 in United States Health Service's national nu­ the programs." (The latest Department of stamps, she said, and the rent was $15 a trition survey, the first scientific attempt to Agriculture figures-for November 1968-­ month plus light bills and the books for the measure malnutrition in America. show 3,672,000 enrolled for commodities and seven children who were going to school. The report revealed an "alarming preva­ 2,661,000 for ·food stamps, a total participa­ She said the children received "free worm lence". of diseases asso'ciated with under­ tion of 6,333,000. The department estimates medicine" 18 months ago, thanks to a state 'nourished groups and was based on exami­ that 8 to 10 million Americans are eligible.) demonstration anti-worm project, and she nations of 12,000 persons selected at random . Recalling a trip through Eastern Kentucky was get t ing free "blood pills" for aneinia in low-income areas of Texas, Louisiana, last May, Mr. Choate said that fundamen­ through Medicaid. Kentucky and New York (but mostly in talist preachers, who always thrive in areas . Up another hollow, two old ladles, one Texas and Louisiana) .. of poverty, seemed to "condone" conditions crippled by arthritis, the other ill with Dr. Charles Upton Lowe, chairman of the of hunger, ignoring the mental and physical qiabetes, said they had to drop. out of the Committee on Nutrition of the American ·retardation that accompanies the phenome­ food stamp program because they c::ould not Academy of Pediatrics and a member of a non and dooms another generation to a life afford to pay $5 for tran~portatiori l:r~to Pre~- 'group· tp.at wi~l in~rprj:lt . th~ ongoing survey, of deprivation. tonsbilrg. · · commented: . February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4161 "This unambiguous and objective data liberals today of encouraging the activities this regard after visiting some 50 col­ documents scientifically that substantial of student anarchists. leges and universities both inside and malnutrition exists in the United States. The ranking member of the House Com­ outside the United States. "We cannot tolerate malnutrition in this mittee on Education and Labor said that country."' riots have been occurring "on colleges with I commend the reading of this column Dr. Lowe is convinced that proper nutri­ the most liberal traditions" because "a. large to all concerned with this continuing tion is the key to normal development of element of liberals have been going along problem: infants. He feels that the quality and quan­ with campus militants." UNIVERSITIES SHOULD CRACK DOWN ON TROU­ tity of nutrition given during the first two, Mrs. Green charged that liberals who at­ BLEMAKERs-VIOLATE OTHERS RIGHTS three or four years of life may have the tacked Senator Barry Goldwater in his 1964 (By Drew Pearson) effect of "programming" the child for all presidential campaign for his comment that the years of his life. "extremism in the defense of liberty is no CLARKSVILLE.-Durlng the past 12 months, This country could wipe out malnutrition vice," are now "doing and saying the same this writer has visited approximately 50 col­ with an added expenditure of a billlon dol­ thing they criticized Goldwater for." lege campuses, ranging from the University lars, Dr. Lowe said. He saw an "overlay of of Warsaw in communist Poland and the COHEN SCORED Sorbonne in Paris to the University of Mon­ puritanism" in the opposition to adequate The Oregon Democrat, who has spear­ food programs, an opposition reflected, he tana, the University of Pennsylvania, the headed the passage of legislation calllng for University of Florida, Washington State, MIT, thought, in the notion that "it's bad to give the cut-off of federal financial aid to stu­ anything away." Stout State College in Wisconsin and Austin dents involved in campus riots, sharply crit­ Peay State College here in Tennessee. It But a billion dollars is insignificant, he ized Wilbur J. Cohen, the former Secretary said, compared with the social costs of abject has been a cross-section of colleges, large of Health, Education, and Welfare, for his and small, and at all of the American insti­ poverty and hunger. criticism of the legislation. "Poverty is much more than a lack of cash," tutions I have addressed student assemblies Mrs. Green said that when she hears Mr. and conducted student forums. he said. "It is a way of life, all pervading, Cohen "oppose the cut-off of funds to stu­ crushing, immobilizing, and destructive. It From this experience I believe I can accu­ dents participating in riots and at the same rately report that American students gen­ is self-perpetuating and infectious, spread­ time support the cut-off of federal aid to ing through regions like an infectious 11lness. erally are alert, dedicated and far ahead of school districts that do not obey federal previous generations in their desire to tackle And it is cruel, enervating, and dehuman­ desegregation guidelines," she is at a loss to izing." the problems of the world. They are not in· understand his logic. terested primarily in becoming engineers, Estimates of mental retardation among A somewhat different view of student pro­ the impoverished were staggering," he said. businessmen or insurance salesmen, as was tests was taken by Peter P. Muirhead, act­ my generation in college. The majority want "Can anyone, Dr. Lowe demanded, measure ing United States commissioner of education. the social cost of high infant mortality, high to devote at least part of their lives to help­ Mr. Muirhead warned against "the all too ing their fellow men. They are interested in maternity death rate, prematurity, mental easy solution of enacting laws that require retardation, school dropouts and crime?" the Peace Corps, Vista or going into govern­ universities to cut off federal aid to students ment. who take part in campus protests." There was a day when the top graduates THE ROOT OF UNREST of the Harvard Law School were immediately LIDERALS LINKED TO COLLEGE He said that any decision of depriving a gobbled up by the top Wall Street law firms. student of federal aid "ought to be left to That day is over. These graduates and others RIOTS the institution itself.'' from the best law schools are now more in· Mr. Muirhead said that the. root of campus terested in spending some time in govern­ unrest was the desire by students to have ment or other productive community work. HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK "an adequate say in determining what hap­ If they do sign up with big New York law OF OHIO pens to them in our institutions of higher firms, many specify that they must have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES learning." time off to handle indigent cllents or other community work. Thursday, February 20, 1969 He said that "it is neither intelllgent nor effective to try to reply to student protest MINORITY RULE Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I total­ simply and solely by repressing it.'' In contrast there is a minority in many ly agree with the ranking member of Mr. Muirhead and Mrs. Green spoke before colleges led by Negroes, which seems deter­ the Education and Labor Committee that different groups here as part of the conven­ mined to disrupt education altogether. It tion of the American Association of School has done so by reversing the American system it is at best difficult to see the reasoning Administrators. of those who would continue to finance of majority rule for a system of minority rule. It has done thls, moreover, by using a tech­ the activities-through their education­ [From the New York (N.Y.) Dally News, nique outlawed by American law and tradi­ of campus radicals with Federal funds. Feb.l4,1969] tion-violence. Congresswoman GREEN has my support ALLEN RAPS CURB Minority rule by force and violence has for legislation which would separate ALBANY, February 13-Btate Education almost paralyzed San Francisco State Col­ from Federal funds those students fo­ Commissioner James E. Allen Jr., who will lege, killed one college president, Dr. Court­ menting anarchy on our campuses. leave soon to become federal education com­ ney Smith of Swarthmore, and disrupted Dr. James E. Allen, Jr., and Peter P. missioner, attacked today a state senate­ some of the most liberal institutions in Muirhead have both criticized such leg­ passed bill that would withhold state finan­ America such as Brandeis, a Jewish univer­ islation but Mrs. GREEN has spotlighted cial aid to college students convicted of sity, the University of Chicago under liberal president Edward Levi, and the University of the problem. In a press report from the crimes on college campuses. "Scholarships and other forms of student aid are awarded Wisconsin, long proud of its liberal LaFollette Baltimore Sun of February 19, Mrs. as recognition of achievement and academic tradition. All have tried hard for several years GREEN is quoted as saying that she is at a promise," Allen said. "They should not be to enlist more qualified Negro students, yet loss to understand the logic of those who used as a disciplinary measure." Allen said this is one of the demands of the Negro would cut off Federal funds to school dis­ disciplining of disruptive students should be minority. tricts that do not obey Federal deseg­ left to school and college authorities, "and In each of the above institutions there regation guidelines but oppose the same when appropriate to civil action." has been a small minority of students which action against anarchists. has used violence to sabotage education for the majority. In Swarthmore 40 black stu­ In addition, she has made a valid point dents locked themselves into the admission that anarchists are encouraged by some office and disrupted education for a thousand within the liberal community. BEYOND THE PALE ON CAMPUS others. At Brandeis the ratio was about the At this point I insert the Baltimore Sun same. At Chicago, 400 students tried to force article and small article from the New their demands on the 9,000-student univer­ HON. LOUIS C. ·WYMAN sity by occupying the administration build· York Daily News containing the com­ OF NEW HAMPSHIRE ments of Dr. Allen on the same topic: ing. At Columbia, a university where I once IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taught, about 400 students tied up an in­ [From the Baltimore (Md.) Sun, Thursday, February 20, 1969 stitution of 30,000 also by occupying the ad­ Feb. 19, 1969) ministration building where they rifled the LIBERALS LINKED BY EDITH GREEN TO Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is signifi­ private papers of President Grayson Kirk. COLLEGE RIOTS cant that the well known and widely TOUGHER TACTICS JUSTIFIED (By Alvin P. Sanoff) read national columnist, Drew Pearson, My conclusions from having visited many ATLANTIC CITY, February lB.-Representa­ is fed up with campus rioting. A recent campuses is that it is time for university au­ tive Edith Green (D. Ore.) accused campus Pearson column indicates his feelings in thorities to realize they must provide edu- 4162 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKs· February 21, 1969 cation for the m.a.jority, not submit to dis­ designations by photographs and demand vertising and clerical employees of most daily ruption l:)y the minority. Otherwise education removal of racial· designations from the newspapers 1:h the Washington-Baltimore in their strike-torn colleges will gradually so-called black programing pervading area, passed a resolution last week condemn­ erode. The easiest way to prevent disruption ing the practice. is to get back to previous disciplinary rules the entire communications media. The-local guild is a member of the Ameri­ and expel violators immediately. Nor can the proposals of these "book­ can Newspaper Guild, an AFL-CIO affiliate. Today, in contrast with the past, striking burning" groups explain the blackout in students have been molly-coddled, given reporting the trial of the terrorist accused [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, second and third chances and then allowed of senselessly assaulting and murdering Feb. 19, 1969} to remain in school. All of this puts a pre­ two unarmed, uniformed, U.S. Marine SURVIVING MARINE TELLS OF M STREET mium on violence. officers from nearby Quantico, Va., exer­ KILLING OF Two Even the 400 who occupied Columbia's ad­ ministration building and rifled the papers cising their civil rights to buy ham­ (By Donald Hirzel) of President Kirk have been reinstated. And burgers at a public eating establishment A racial taunt led to the slaying of two at San Francisco State, President S. I. Haya­ in our Nation's Capital. young Marine officers and the wounding of kawa, the toughest of the college adminis­ The murder trial is now underway. Yet, a. tlhird in a Georgetown Little Tavern last trators, has not suspended the original 639 last night there was but a small news June, the surviving Marine told a District strikers. He has only warned them that they item in section B of the paper. This morn­ Court jury yesterday. will be suspended if arrested the second time. ing and tonight there was no coverage. Second Lt. Ellsworth R. Kramer, 26, of This is unfair to the majority of the stu­ Arlington, was the first major witness to dents who are trying to get an education; The same papers carried large reports of take the stand for the government in the also unfair to the taxpayers who put up the student protests and demonstrations to trial before Judge Gerhard Gesell of Gor­ money for education and to the alumni who take over the educational institutions, don Alexander, 27, of San Jose, Calif., and help to finance private colleges. teach Afro-American studies, and pro­ Benjamin Murdock, 20, of Los Angeles. San Francisco's minority band of student mote Swahili as a language. They are charged with the murders of rioters should be given 90 days of cleaning Every effort to promote a belief in black Second Lts. William King Jr., 21, of Or­ the oil off Southern California's polluted accomplishment-but concerted efforts lando, Fla., and Thaddeus Lesnick, 23, of beaches. There is ample law to cover this, Fishtail, Mont. both local law and federal law under the to conceal black destruction. In addition, each is charged with four 1917 Sedition Act. College faculty members Likewise, we might remember the na­ counts of assault with a dangerous weapon who want to put minority rule ahead of ma­ tional public indignation that was heruped and one count of carrying a pistol with­ jority rule should also get the gate. There upon the American people from the news out a license. has been too much worry over the rights of media over the mw·der of a uniformed Kramer testified that he and four fellow minority disruptive faculty members and not Negro lieutenant colonel in Georgia, Marines from Quantico, Va., and a girl en­ enough concern over the rights of the Compare, also, the insignificant atten­ tered the Little Tavern Restaurant, 3331 M majority. tion given the murder trial here in our St., NW, about 3 a.m. June 5. As they en­ In San Francisco State, only 350 teachers tered he noticed three men seated on stools out of a total of 1,100 belong to Local 1352 Nation's Capital with the exposure given at the counter. of the American Federation of Teachers. And the American people over the murder The marines and the girl stood at the of these 350, only 200 wanted to strike. Yet trial in San Francisco and another trial take-out counter near the door and ordered this minority threw the entire campus into in Memphis. hn.mburgers and coffee. turmoil and got the backing of the San A young marine from my congressional Kramer said one of the seated men, later Francisco AFL-CIO Labor Council. This is district was murdered on the military identified as Alexander, kept staring at him something AFL-CIO President George Meany reservation in North Carolina during a and he stared back. He said the three were would hardly sanction-if he knew the facts. robbery. The racial designations of all in­ dressed "eccentrically," explaining that they What minority faculty members have got had African bush haircuts and goatees. to realize is that alumni can strike too. So volved parties were omitted. By whom "Alexander looked at me steadily," Kram.er can majority students. Applicants at Colum­ and why? I ask: Did it accomplish any­ said. "I returned the look. We stared at bia's last freshman class are down 21 per thing when all knew what the racial de­ each other for an indefinite time." cent, in contrast to Harvard and Yale which signations were? He said Alexander may have found the had no riots and whose applicants are up Truth can be temporarily concealed, white dress uniforms the Marines were wear­ 10 to 15 per cent. Students won't want to en­ but sooner or later the truth will out. ing as eccentric as he found their appear­ roll at a university which may be riot-torn. Mr. Speaker, I insert several news ar­ ances to be. Any business finn which loses 21 per cent ticles and releases following my remarks: Kramer said he turned to the counter and of its customers in one year is in danger of felt a tap on his shoulder and turned around going out of business. Columbia can weather [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, to face Alexander, who tapped Kram.er's the slump. But it has been given a stiff re­ Feb. 15, 1969) nameplate on his tunic and said: "Kramer, minder that the m.a.jority of students go to NEWS GUILD HITS LISTING BY RACE do you want to come outside and talk about college to study, not to demonstrate. The executive board of the Baltimore­ it more? I'll turn you into a Little Red More serious m.a.y be a Columbia alumni Washington Newspaper Guild has voted to Riding Hood." boycott in fund-giving. This is neither orga­ condemn ''the practice of stressing irrelevant Kramer said he later learned the term nized nor advertised, but it is a fact. If it racial designations in crime stories" by daily "Little Red Riding Hood" meant that Alex­ spreads to other riot-torn campuses, it could newspapers. ander intended to "bloody me." Even though be the most serious boycott of all. The guild leaders, in unanimous action he did not know the term at the time, he taken at a Wednesday meeting, particularly said, he took it to be a threat. were critical of "deliberate racial orientation At this moment, according to Kramer, King in selecting crime stories and identifying stepped to his side and said: "What do you CENSORSHIP-HIDING WHAT suspects." goddamned niggers want?" Kramer said CANNOT BE DEFENDED The guild is the bargaining agent for most Alexander reached into his coat and pulled editorial and commercial employees of the out a revolver, cocking it as he pointed it at three Washington daily newspapers. The arm's length at King. Kramer said Alexa.D.der HON. JOHN R. RARICK board said it took action in recognition of replied, "I'll show you what I want." OF LOUISIANA its constitutional responsibility "To guar­ Murdock, who had gone out the door with the third man who had been seated at the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES antee ... constant honesty in the news (and) to raise the standards of journalism counter, returned at this moment and "then Thursday, February 20, 1969 and ethics of the industry.... " shooting began," Kramer said. Kram.er was not able to tell who fired the Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the Balti­ :first shots, but William H. Collins Jr., an more-Washington Newspaper Guild­ [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, assistant ·u.s. attorney prosecuting the case, joined by the Washington AFL-CIO Cen­ Feb. 20, 1969] said in his opening statements that the tral Labor Council-has announced a CLC JoiNS Gun.o IN RACIAL PRoTEST governm.ent would attempt to show that program of censOrship over truth in news' The Washington AFL-CIO Central Labor only Murdock's weapon was uSed. reporting. Council has joined the executive board of Kramer said ·he felt a "strike to the head" the Washington-Baltimore Newspaper Guild and· fell with a scalp wound. To be precise, they have voted to con­ in conderiming what the groups feel. iS a "As I was dropping to the deck (the floor) demn "the practice of stating irrelevant practice of stressing irrelevant racial desig-- I ·looked to Murdock. He was in a crouch racial designations in crime stories." Why nations in crime stories. · and· was firing • • ;" ' did they not include censorship of racial The guild, which represents editorial, ad- Kram.er said Alexander and Murdock ran February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4163 out the door with Murdock still shooting. [From the Baton Rouge (La.) State-Times, McDonald, whose address was unavailable, Kramer then tried to assist the two Ma­ Nov. 28, 1968] had been charged only with robbery. This rines who had been shot, he said. They were THREE ARE HELD IN PROBE OF BR MARINE'S charge was dropped Wednesday, the day dead on arrival at the hospital. DEATH Johnson's court martial opened. Prosecutor Collins in his opening state­ CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C.-Three men, reported ment said the defendants were arrested a to be Marines, are being held in connection short time later 1n their car 1n the 3300 with the fatal beating of Pvt. Thomas L. block of N Street NW. The third man in the Morrow III, 26, Baton Rouge, a spokesman AIR ACCESS TO OUR CITIES restaurant with the defendants was Cornel­ at Camp LeJeune said yesterday. ius Frazier Jr., 23, also of San Jose, who Names of the three suspects were being originally was arrested on a murder charge withheld pending further investigation. HON. JOHN M. MURPHY but was never indicted. Morrow, son of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Lind­ OF KEW YORK The trial resumes today. sey Morrow of 2024 Cloverdale and a graduate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Baton Rouge High School, was attacked [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, on the base last Thursday night and died Thursday, February 20, 1969 June 5, 1968] shortly after midnight Monday. Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. Two SLAIN IN SHOOTING ON M STREET A base spokesman said Morrow suffered a Speaker, I have long been concerned with Two young marine lieutenants were fatally fractured skull in the attack, which occurred shot and a third officer and a young woman in the Montford Point area of the base. Rob­ aviation safety and also the impact of were wounded early today in a burst of gun­ bery was thought to have been the motive. aviation upon life in the environs of our fire at a Georgetown hamburger shop. The young marine had been beaten and airports. I shall continue to be concerned Police arrested three men a block from robbed on the base last Thursday night while with these matters. But I am also con­ the scene, the Little Tavern at 3331 M St. he was walking back to his barracks. He was cerned with another aspect of aviation­ NW, and charged them with hoinicide. The hospitalized at the U.S. Naval Hospital at its importance in keeping our great cities three, all Negroes, gave California addresses. Camp LeJeune. easily accessible to the business and One told pollee he had come to Washing­ Morrow was a student in the Marines' serv­ tourist traveler. ton late last week to join the Poor People's ice support school training to work in the Campaign. He told pollee he was living 1n a Corps' disbursement section, the information Continued lack of adequate airports 14th Street apartment and not at Resurrec­ officer said. and airways facilities will have an ad­ tion City. The death is under investigation by the verse economic impact on some of this POLICE LIST NAMES provost marshal at the camp. No affirmative country's most important centers of com­ Pollee listed the dead officers as Lt. William results have been reported so far, the officer merce and trade. Nowhere is this more King, 21, and Lt. Thaddeus Lesnick, about said. evident than in New York City which, 20, who had come to Washington with three Morrow's parents were at his bedside over the weekend. through easy access by air, has become other officers late last night after a social They were returning to Baton Rouge this the world's richest gateway. function at the marine base at Quantico, Va. In a recent article in the New York The wounded man, pollee said, is Lt. Ells­ afternoon. worth R. Kramer, 26, who suffered a scalp A graduate of Baton Rouge High School, Times, Richard Phalon reported on the wound. The young woman with him, Barbara Morrow, 26, received a bachelor's degree in unfavorable economic impact continued Kelly, 28, of the 1800 block of Metzerott wildlife and forestry from LSU in 1964. This airports-airways congestion will have on Road, Adelphi, Md., was shot in the hip. June he received a master's degree in wildlife the New York area. While New York may All the victims are white. management from Colorado State University. have the most to lose in this regard, other Charged with hoinicide are Gordon Alex­ He graduated with honors from both uni­ major U.S. cities face similar unfavorable ander, 27, and Cornelius Frazier Jr., 23, both versities and received numerous academic awards while he was a student. economic consequences unless adequate of San Jose, Calif., and Benjamin Murdock, airports and airways systems are pro­ 20, of Los Angeles. He was with the Peace Corps briefly before The other two lieutenants from Quantico jolning the Marines. Morrow received his vided nationwide. Therefore, I believe were identified by pollee as Daniel LeGear basic training in California and had been Mr. Phalon's article may be of interest to Jr., 26, and Frank R. Marasco, 23. transferred to Camp LeJeune shortly before my colleagues from other cities. Under According to pollee, the five officers came the fatal beating. the leave to extend my remarks, I sub­ .to Washington still in their dress white uni­ [From the Baton Rouge (La.) State-Times, mit it for inclusion in the CONGRESSIONAL forms, visited a Georgetown night spot and RECORD: called on some friends. Feb.10,1969] Finally the five, accompanied by Miss LOCAL MARINE'S SLAYER Is METED 15-YEAR [From the New York Times, Feb. 16, 1969] Kelly, went to the hamburger shop and were SENTENCE EFFECT OF AIRPORT DELAY ON CITY ECONOMY at the counter when some words were ex­ JACKSONVILLE, N.C.-A Camp Lejeune WORRIES MANY-DOMESTIC PASSENGER TRAF­ changed with three men after one of them Marine court martial board Friday convicted FIC AT KENNEDY SHOWS F'mST DIP made a remark about the name of one of Pfc. Clarence E. Johnson, 20, of Kansas City, (BY Richard Phalon) the Marine officers, displayed on his uniform, Mo., of murder and larceny in the slaying of Congestion and delay at the major air­ police said. another Marine from Louisiana. ports here have so far had only a limited POLICE CONVERGE ON AREA Johnson was sentenced to 15 years at hard effect on the city's business life and tourist The three civlllans left, but returned in labor, dishonorable discharge, reduction in trade, but there are signs that passenger traf­ a matter of Ininutes and shooting began, rank to enlisted man, and forfeiture of pay. fic is beglnning a shift from New York that pollee said. Pollee said they later recovered The maximum penalty would have been life could have serious econoinic consequences. two guns. One witness reported that nine imprisonment. Some of the indications of the trouble in shots were fired. He had been charged with murder and the future are: Pollee converged on the area after the robbery in the death on the post of Pvt. Domestic passenger traffic at Kennedy In­ shooting, which took place about 3 a.m. Pvt. T. L. Morrow, 26, of Baton Rouge, La. ternational Airport declined last year for the Junior Webster, alone in a scout car, said he Johnson's lawyer said he would ask the first time in the airport's 20-year history. heard the shots and took off after a Mustang 10 members of the general court martial The number of international travelers at racing from the scene and captured the three board to recommend clemency-a reduction Kennedy grew. by 10 per cent, while pas­ suspects. of the sentence. Three-fourths of the bpard, senger traffic in the nation as a whole con­ Lesnick was pronounced dead at 3:15 a.m. or eight members, would have to a.ssent. . tinued to expand at a level of almost 13 at George Washington University Hospital, Johnson also can appeal through military per cent. and King at 3:50 a.m. at Georgetown Uni­ channels. Some travel agencies in other sections of versity Hospital. Johnson and two other Marines were the coun~ry are becoming increasingly re­ Kramer was taken to the GWU •hospital originally charged in the case. One of them, luctant to ticket their clients through the and later moved to Bethesda Naval Hospital Pfc. Adam L. Vanlandingham, 18, of Balti­ once-traditional gateway of New York on where his condition was called satisfactory: more, was acquitted of a murder charge last their way to Europe. A Chicago agency, the Miss Kelly was in the GU hospital also in Friday. But he was convicted of larceny and Trans Continental Travel Bureau, for exam­ satisfactory condition. sentenced to a bad conduct discharge and ple, urges customers to fly abroad directly Pollee identified Alexander as the suspect six months at hard labor. from that city or connect with international who said he had come here to join the Poor Witnesses at the Vanlandingham trial flights in Montreal or Toronto. People's Campaign. They quoted him as say­ testified that Morrow was knocked to the The Ford Motor Company has suggested to ing he did not come East with the other two ground -by another marine, kicked in the its thousands of employes that they avoid suspects but became acquainted with them head, and robbed of $60. using Kennedy Airport on domestic trips here. The ·third original defendant, Pfc. Harold wherever possible. The company is already 4164 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FebrMry 21, 1969 booking trips that detour around New York lines to expand Kennedy, La Guardia and private craft could help to ease air congestion on employes on foreign assignments. Newark for the era of jumbo jets and super­ here--even if a fourth Jetport never ma- The Federal Government has begun tak­ sonic jetliners. terializes. · ing "remedial" measures against New York's Almost all segments of the industry, how­ What would it oost the city 1! none of air congestion that may accelerate the by­ ever, including the Port Authority and the those steps Is taken and Kennedy, La Guardia passing of the city by commercial airlines. Federal Aviation Administration, have un­ and Newark Airports reach complete satura­ NEW YORK SKIPPED derestimated the growth rate for both com­ tion? About $200-million a year by 1975, ac­ mercial and general aviation. cording to R. Dixon Speas Associates. The The Civil Aeronautics Board, for instance, Plans for a fourth jetport have been sty­ management consultants, who specialize in recently authorized Northeast Airlines to mied by community objections, and the airline problems, base the figure on current open a new route between New England and F .A.A. has been slow to push for more effi­ growth rates. five cities in the middle West, with the pro­ cient control equipment. The result, par­ They estimate that the two airports will viso that flights skip New York to avoid ticularly in bad weather, has been conges­ lose about 3.8-million passengers because of the bottleneck here. tion, with too many planes bidding for too inadequate facilities. The bulk of the poten­ The agency is currently considering estab­ little space. tial loss-$162-Inillion-is in airline airport­ lishing direct routes between Europe and The competition-Chicago, Philadelphia employe wages; the balance in tourist half a dozen East Coast cities whose residents and Montreal-has been quic:.:. to respond. spending. frequently fly here to board international Thus, from a near monopoly in the piston­ flights. In an attempt to tackle the immediate driven days after World War II, New York's congestion problem, the Federal Aviation Ad­ share of trans-Atlantic travel fell to 82 per ZURICH ATTACK ministration has made plans to curtail sharp­ cent in 1963, to 80 per cent in 1965, and to ly the use of the major airports here and 77 per cent last year. in Washington and Chicago, starting April27, NEW JETPORT CALLED KEY HON. JOSHUA EILBERG by limiting the flights that will be allowed Mr. Wiley. who has been in the van of the OF PENMSYLVANL\ each hour in periods of poor visibility. Port Authority's efforts to establish a fourth IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Nixon Administration has ordered a jetport, said that "with additional airport restudy of this plan. But the alternatives capacity we need not be losing market posi­ Thursday, February 20, 1969 may be to permit congestion to develop much tion at all." as it did at the height of la.st summer's Constantine Sidamon-Eristoff, the city Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, this travel season, or limit the expansion of the Transportrtion Administrator, makes much week's commando raid on an El Al air­ major fields here and in the other two cities the same point. "When you're locked in and liner should provide us with incontrovert­ affected. can't expand," he said, "there's nowhere to ible evidence as to who is trying to The delays became a nightmare la.st sum­ go but down. In this economy if you stand plunge the Middle East into a new, more mer for tens o! thousands of air travelers as still, yc u lose ground." terrible war. peak demand saturated airport capacity and The region has a lot to lose. The 55,000 I was encouraged by the State De­ air traffic controllers began spacing air traffic people who work at the Port Authority air­ "by the book" as part of their campaign to ports earn $500-million a year, and this does partment's announced concern Wednes­ force improvement of the air traffic system. not include payrolls on the $400-million in day that the attack represented "a grave It became routine for planes to arrive two cons truction planned over the next several threat to life and safety" and their re­ or three hours late because of congestion­ years. ported interest in "prompt international produced aerial stacking and long queues on Perhaps the most striking example of how efforts to safeguard air commerce the ground. much air access means to the city's economy against all acts of unlawful interfer­ ;FLIGHTS DIVERTED emerged two years ago when a strike by the ence." Some of the drop in Kennedy's domestic International Association of Machinists shut Is that enough? passenger traffic last year reflected the diver­ down five domestic airlines for seven weeks sion of flights to La Guardia and Newark at the peak of the summer tourist season. Let us not forget that these marauders Airports because of the congestion. The shift Reservations at 34 of the city's biggest are so unresponsive to international sen­ indicates that Kennedy is "bumping much hotels declined 1,500 rooms a day and retail timent that they chose to launch their­ closer to saturation" than the other two air­ sales fell by almost $20-Inillion during the attack in Zurich, Switzerland, that ports, a Port of New York Authority spokes­ period. haven, traditionally neutral even in Eu­ man said. There were labor problems in the back­ rope's darkest hours. Some observers fear that the inevitable ground again last summer when the F.A.A. Let us remember they attack life, not leveling off of the growth curve at the air­ flight controllers, in a demand for more help equipment. Six persons on that Boeing ports here may be portending a serious loss and better equipment, began running flight in the city's $1.5-billion annual tourist trade. separations "by the book." The slowdown, 707 plane from Amsterdam to Tel Aviv "There are no number_s to prove it," says coupled with the big vacation push, resulted were wounded. John R. Wiley, director of aviation for the in jamups that eddied all over the country. Let us note that the plane carried an Port Authority, which runs the airports, "but HOTELS LOSE BUSINESS American citizen, Dr. Marvin Bacher, it's my impression that we just aren't getting who has said that were it not for the as many people bound overseas stopping over Hotel occupancy rates here declined some­ what. How much of the dip was due to na­ quick and courageous response of an in New York to see the shows and do some Israeli security guard, some on the plane visiting as we used to." tional publicity over the condition of the Ben Emden, executive secretary of the Res­ city's air space and how much of it was due would have been killed. taurant League of New York, said, "An-ything to the tourists' concern over the possibility We should take note that the Popular that fouls up air traffic or disrupts easy ac­ of summertime disorders in the city's streets Front for the Liberation of Palestine, a cess to the city disrupts our business." could not be determined. Both were factors Marxist organization based in Amman, Easy access by air is one of the factors that in a combined squeeze that probably cost the Jordan, boasted of the attack and proudly has made New York the world's richest gate­ city's tourist trade more than $1-million a took credit for it. way. It is also one of the considerations that day. Thus far there has been no attrition the We should remember that the weapons has led many of the nation's big corporations used were Russian-made Kalashnikov to Inake their headquarters here. city's traditional function as the nation's Projections made last year by the Regional "front office." submachineguns. Plan Association indicate that white-collar Leased office space increased by two mil­ And finally we should not forget who work holds the biggest growth potential for lion square feet here in the first 11 months our f.riends have been. the metropolitan area's job market, and air­ of last year, and one out of every three of Can we still ask who is the aggressor, port congestion could affect that potential the nation's 500 biggest corporations call the New York metropolitan area home, a con­ who attacks women and children, who in­ by making the city less attractive for busi­ terdicts international commerce, who nesses. centration unequaled in any other part o! tbe country. seeks war not peace? The slowdown in the growth rate of inter­ They do so for many reasons, not the least national air travel here cannot be blamed I include two telegrams I received this solely on traffic problems. No city could long of which is efficient air transportation. morning: keep a hold on the commercial aviation TELEGRAMS market. [From the New York Times, Feb. 16, 1969] We were horrified-but not surprised-by An effort is being made to improve the sit­ EXPERTS PROPOSE WAYS To EASE Am the latest expression of international gang­ uation. In the last 20 years the Port Author­ CONGESTION sterism against the El AI plane in Zurich. ity has put more than $600-Inillion into the· Development of STOL ports for short-range Once again, the lives of innocent travelers three major airports. Additional millions are aircraft, additional runways for long-range were placed in jeopardy and Israel's interna­ being invested by the authority and the air- flights and a system of satellite airports for tional air links thrN.tened. Even United Na- February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4165

tions Secretary General U Thant has warned and to assure the security of civil aviation of something of which we know nothing, so that civil aviation is threatened with chaos around the world. participation in public affairs and local events and anarchy. SYLVAN M. COHEN, is not only necessary, but it is a great experi­ The responsibility for this act clearly lies President. ence. We learn by doing, and experience is a with the Arab governments. Every civilized DONALD B. HURWI'l'Z, great teacher. government has the responsibility to do all in Vice President, Executive Director, Fed­ We are free to select our own reading ma­ its power to stop international murderers eration of Jewish Agencies of Greater terial. Reading of good books should be en­ from operating from its soil. But Egypt, Philadelphia. couraged. Those not read are more apt to Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Lebanon, to the con­ succeed. trary, have encouraged the terrorists, fi­ It is important that we all enjoy and make nanced them and armed them. use of our religious freedom, and it is im­ Only this past week, President Nasser of MINNESOTA WINNER: FREEDOM'S perative that we also have some Christian education as well. The churches also have Egypt enthusiastically praised the terrorist CHALLENGE organizations and promised continued sup­ many institutions of higher learning, and it port. And only yesterday, King Hussein of encourages its youth to attend them. It is Jordan met with the leader of El Fatah to HON. ALBERT H. QUIE good to get a healthy and holy attitude to­ give his encouragement. Indeed, the an­ ward life in our early years. I firmly believe nouncement of the m·urderous attack in OF MINNESOTA that an education with some Christian back­ Zurich was made from Amman, Jordan. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ground helps us to be more unselfish and to perhaps understand ourselves better. Rather than preventing such terrorism, the Thursday, February 20, 1969 United Nations Security Council's one-sided It is sometimes believed that most of the condemnation of Israel last Dec. 31 had the Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, it is reassur­ followers of the so called hippies a.nd the effect of encouraging Arab terrorists in the ing to know that not all of America's drug users do so because of a lack of under­ belief that they are immune from interna­ students advocate revolution and the de­ standing and wanting to find themselves. tional censure. This most recent attack is an­ There certainly are other ways of under­ other consequence of that unevenhanded struction of the "establishment." I be­ standing ourselves than through the use of action. lieve that the vast majority of our young LSD. We are also free to select our friends. The act of the Security Council was pre­ people recognize and appreciate the It is important to select good friends and dictable in that six of its members have no values in our society, but they are not seek clean wholesome entertainment. Fel­ diplomatic relations with Israel and one per­ as vocal or demonstrative as their coun­ lowship together building character and per­ manent member, the Soviet Union, has con­ terparts on the extreme fringes. sonality. A group of teenagers gathered to­ sistently exercised its veto to protect its Arab Miss JoAnne Sigurdson, of Albert Lea, gether does not have to mean trouble. The clients from condemnation for 20 years. Minn., prepared the prize-winning speech responsibility for good behavior lies squarely Nevertheless, we urge the United States on our own shoulders. If we keep ourselves Government to give leadership to secure in the Minnesota Division of the Vet­ busy doing something constructive, we won't unambiguous action from the United Na­ erans of Foreign Wars contest. The find ourselves doing something destructive. tions to put responsibility for these acts of theme this year is ''Freedom's Chal­ It is true a teenager likes to be independent, terror where they belong-upon the Arab lenge." Miss Sigurdson has pinpointed but, at the same time, it is not necessary to governments nurturing the terrorist move­ the challenges and the opportunities af­ let our growing independence become a ments. forded today's youth. Her approach is a stumbling block. We can learn to express our If the United Nations fails to take prompt rational, constructive one which I com­ opinions in such a way so as to be heard with action, then it should be incumbent upon respect, not with protests or demonstrations the United States and other nations to halt mend to all of our youth who may be such as we read about in our daily news­ acts of terrorism against all civilian air car­ searching for answers to the meaning of papers. riers through all appropriate measures, which life for themselves in today's society. I It is generally regarded that maybe our could include the boycott of air travel to further commend the reading of tbis forefathers did not have so much to protest those countries which refuse to take steps speech to my colleagues and insert at this about. I disagreed wholeheartedly. It's true, we live in a changing world, but remember, to control terrorists based on their soil and point in the RECORD: operating with their consent and encourage­ it was a changing world for them, too. When ment. FREEDOM'S CHALLENGE our parents were teenagers they had many THEODORE R. MANN, I dare you! How many times have you of the same problems we do today, such as President, Jewish Community Relations heard someone say that phrase? I am sure money, jobs, entertainment, yes and even Council of Greater Philadelphia. most everyone has heard it sometime or love. It is very important that we learn 1io other. To dare is to challenge. It is, indeed, respect our parents. Get to know them and a great challenge to meet the responsibili­ socialize w:Lth them. Believe it or not, it is The latest act of terrorism by the Arab ties of a teenager in today's changing world. possible to have fun with your mom and world is tragic both in its results and im­ Therefore, I dare myself as a teenager to dad. It's a lot easier to talk things over with plications. Not only were the lives of in­ accept Freedom's challenge of becoming a them and get their advice and help if you nocent men and women once again threat­ gOOd responsible citizen of this wonderful are on a friendly basis with them, and even ened by such irresponsible acts, but the free­ country of which I am very definitely a part. though we sometimes think it's hard to dom to travel of the entire world is at stake Certainly my greatest responsibility is to be understand parents at times, it must be Just if such terror tactics are permitted to go a gOOd American citizen. as hard for them to understand us at times, unchallenged and unchecked. Israel was con­ The word responsible is defined as able and too. Freedom of speech is meant for parents demned by the United Nations for respond­ ready to meet obligations, and responsibili­ as well, so we should listen to them. Even ing to a similar attack in Athens and this ties is defined as duty or trust. We are all though our friends are always available for action apparently is interpreted as protec­ responsible for doing our share to keep our advice, we must realize that they usually just tion for further such outrageous deeds as country great and strong, so it would be wise, agree with our way of thinking. Boys and is shown in the experience in Zurich. :first, to acquaint ourselves with the ideals girls should get to know their parents before It is idle to debate where the responsibility upon which our nation is founded. In order they start to break away from their depend- and blame must lie. The Arab countries can to do this, there are some qualities that we .ency. put a stop to this threat to world security should try to develop as early in life as pos­ Another freedom we enjoy is the privilegu if they wish to do so. On the contrary, they sible, such as: good leadership, cooperation of choosing our own careers. After studying gloat publicly over these brutal experiences and self control, good sportsmanship, to be our talents and interests to find what is and proclaim their pride rather than their understanding, honest, and to learn to give best suited for us, we should make up our blame. and take, also, practice persistency and de­ mind what we want to do and stay with it. We join with others in urging the United termination. All of these can be accomplished Be persistent and determined. Set a high States Government to take the lead in secur­ if we try. standard and then try to attain it even ing international condemnation for these Education is essential. I am very fortunate though it may be too high to reach. We will repeated acts against innocent lives and that I live in a. country that is dedicated to still improve our standards by having to against the rights of all people to travel learning. It is my responsibility to get all the reach upward. Let the type of education you freely on peaceful missions. It is our belief education I can. The opportunities offered receive serve as your launching pad from that all countries should join not only in in this area are unlimited. I can learn much which to move out and upward toward the deploring these tragic incidents but in ban­ by keeping myself informed about what is goal you have selected for yourself. This will ning the use of their airports by those coun­ going on. In addition to our schools, a great not only benefit the person working to reach tries which by their very acts challenge the deal could be learned by watching and listen­ his goal but will also aid in the welfare of his security of all nations. ing to our teachers and leaders of today. community. One person can do a lot. Be a We earnestly beseech your personal ef­ Strive to be an informed citizen and know good model. Prepare yourself today for your forts to place the responsibility where it what is going on in our local and state gov­ future tomorrows. We are the future genera­ belongs to condemn these acts of violence ernments. We cannot successfully be a. part tion. CXV--263-Part 3 4166 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969

With all the challenges of the freedoms in private industry. With passage of the first on a resolution of disapproval. Fortu­ of today, there are many gates left open, Postal Revenue and Federal Salary Act of nately, such disapproval was not voted, an4 beckoning us to enter. We must be careful 1967 Congress, for the first time, made this the new schedule did become law. not to take the road that leads to a dead end. policy a reality by voting a three-stage in­ As the author of the Quadrennial Com­ crease for all Federal workers, closing the mission approach to the thorny problem of "comparabllity gap" which had existed in executive, legislative and judicial salaries, FEDERAL EXECUTIVE, LEGISLA­ most classifications. That act would have I believe we have now taken this issue out TIVE, AND JUDICIAL SALARY RE­ been a farce, however, if provision had not of the arena of political posturing and in­ FORMS OF 1969 been made to adjust the salaries of those troduced an element of rational manage­ omcials whose level of compensation con­ ment into the Federal pay structure. Hence­ stitutes an absolute ceiUng on the classified forth, Members of Congress will not be put HON. MORRIS K. UDALL service. If the comparability system was to in the preposterous position of having the OF AJUZONA be rational, to work at all levels of the classi­ sole responsibility for fixing their own sal­ fied Federal service, some means had to be aries. I trust we will never return to such a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES found to provide for the same kind of regu­ system. I believe it is a sound principle of Thursday, February 20, 1969 lar, orderly adjustment of this "ceiling" as government that no public official should changes were made in the pay structure of be permitted or asked to be the judge in his Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, many con­ the classified system as a whole. own case. cerned citizens have been asking why it The answer to this problem took the form THE PROBLEM OF EXECUTIVE RECRUITMENT of a provision in that 1967 pay act creating was necessary to increase congressional I'm sure there is no argument about the salaries at this time. As chairman of the a Commission on Executive, Legislative and Judicial Salaries, to be formed every four importance of filling the top jobs In govern­ Subcommittee on Compensation and years for a review of these upper-echelon ment with the best qualified public servants author of the plan which resulted in these jobs in the Federal service. Basically, the jobs available. You wouldn't take a file clerk, a salary increases, I want to make clear involved are those of cabinet and sub­ mechanic or a Social Security pensioner and that this action by the Executive in ef­ cabinet officials appointed by the President, make him president of a giant corporation, fecting increases for Federal executives, of all Federal judges, and of Members of meanwhile asking him to remain at his old judges, and Members of Congress re­ Congress. Significantly, it is only the con­ pay level. Yet that is precisely what many presented a giant step forward in Federal gressional salaries which have prompted any unthinking cit izens seem to suggest when great criticism or received any attention they equate the pay of a cabinet officer or personnel management. from the press. congressman with their own level of com­ For the benefit of my colleagues, who Last year President Johnson appointed the pensation. In truth, the irrational pay struc­ have asked for further background on first Quadrennial Commission to make a ture In the upper levels of the Federal gov­ this question, I have prepared an analysis study of salaries in these areas of govern­ ernment has deprived us of the services of which, without objection, I will insert in ment. Its chairman was Frederick R. Kappel, many of the best qualified managers and the RECORD at this point. retired Chairman of the Board of American administrators our country has to offer. Of In addition, I want to call my col­ Telephone and Telegraph Co. Other members course, it's almost always possible to find leagues' attention to two editorials which were George Meany, president of the AFL­ someone to fill a job; that's not the issue. CIO; John J. Corson, consultant and corpo­ The issue is whet her we can get the best man shed further light on the need for these rate director; Stephen K. Bailey, dean of the for the job. salary reforms. I will insert them at the Maxwell Graduate School at Syracuse Uni­ In the course of the last eight years I have conclusion of my analysis. versity; Sidney J. Weinberg, senior partner of been interested to read the criticisms leveled The material referred to follows: Goldman, Sachs and Co., investment bank­ against pay increases for government execu­ FEDERAL EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL ers; Edward H. Foley, former Undersecretary tives by certain press organizations whose SALARY REFORMS OF 1969 of the Treasury; William Spoelhof, president own executives are in the over-$100,000 cate­ of Calvin College; Arthur H. Dean, partner gory. In truth, there isn't a major city in the (An analysis by Representat ive MORRIS K . in the prominent law firm, Sullivan and United States which lacks executives in its UDALL, chairman, Subcommittee on Com­ Cromwell; and William T. Gossett, president local government, its school systems, its pub­ pensation, U.S. House of Representatives) of the American Bar Association. lic utlllties and private corporations m aking Why was it necessary to increase the sal- After a thorough study of salaries paid substantially more than we have been paying aries of Members of Congress in 1969, just executives in all levels of government and in the Secretary of Defense, Director of the four years after a pay increase that met with private industry, the Kappel Commission Central Intelligence Agency, Chief Justice of considerable public criticism? Why was it made a report to the President drawing this the Supreme Court and other government necessary to go to $42,500, an increase of conclusion concerning the rates of pay then officials right up to the present moment. nearly 42 percent? Why were huge increases designated for the officers holding the high­ In order to recruit and retain the kind of necessary for cabinet officers and Supreme est responsibility in our Federal government: people who can manage the Federal estab­ Court judges? How can such increases be "The conclusion to us is inescapable that lishment as it ought to be managed there justified when the country is being asked to present salary levels are not commensurate has to be some proximity between private in­ tighten its belt to hold inflation in check? with the importance of the positions held. dustry salaries and those in the Federal gov­ Questions like these are being asked by They are not sufficient to support a standard ernment. This is especially true of sub­ people who see these recent pay increases of living that individuals qualified for such cabinet people, whose jobs lack the glamor, as a kind of betrayal of public trust. But posts can fairly expect to enjoy and in many the publicity and the prominence of cabinet those familiar with the history of Federal instances have established. We should ex­ posts. Very few men are willlng to take a cut executive, legislative and judicial salaries pect the compensation of those to whom we of 50% or 75 % in salary ln order to render know that this was not the case. In fact, entrust high responslbllitles and authority essentially anonymous service, yet that is the recommendations of the Quadrennial in government to bear some reasonable rela­ what we have been asking our sub-cabinet Commission, established by Congress to tionship to that received by their peers in people to do. study these top-level salaries, gained the private life. This expectation, however, is not In the judgment of those men-in both support, with some downward revisions, of now met." parties-who have had to wrestle with the both the outgoing Johnson Administratioll As a result of its study, and in keeping problem of executive J,"ecrultment the Nix­ and the incoming Nixon Administration. with its responsibility as set forth in the on Administration would have had a very They had the support of the leaders of both 1967 pay act, the Commission recoxnmended difficult time recruiting good men for its parties in the Congress. They were strongly new salary ·levels for each of the categories upper-level administrative jobs if these pay endorsed by the American Bar Association, covered. It proposed that cabinet officers be increases had not taken effect. all the major Federal employee organiza­ paid $60,000, Supreme Court justices $65,000, It's important to note, also, that under tions, and innumerable leaders of private Members of Congress $50,000, and other of­ . the procedure established in the 1967 pay lpdustry throughout the country. They were ficers lesser amounts iri keepi'ng with the act there could be no revision of the sched­ the result of a procedure set up by act of relative responsibility of. their jobs. ule submitted by the President. Congress­ Congress two years ago to take such man­ Under provisions of law those recommen­ men couldn't have reduced their pay increase agement decisions out of the hands of Con­ dations could be accepted or scaled down, and left the cabinet and sub-cabinet pay gress and to institute some resemblance of but not increased, by the President. In his proposals intact; the only options were ac­ rationality into a salary system which here­ message of January 17, 1969, President John­ cepting or rejecting the total package. Re­ tofore has been a hodgepodge of politics, son recommended implementation of nearly jecting it might have been politically popu­ folklore and mysticism. all of the Commission's proposals except that lar for congressmen sensitive about their for Members of Congress. On the advice of own salary increases, but it would have been THE BASIC PROBLEM many in Congress who objected to the Congress in 1962 established a regular, amount of the increase proposed for them, a disaster to the Nixon Administration in orderly procedure for determining the pay the President chose to reduce that figure its recruiting efforts. of the vast majority of Federal employees. to $42,500. THE PROBLEM OF COMPRESSION This procedure attempts to make the pay Once submitted by the President, the new Through the years the Congress has al­ of each Federal employee comparable to the salary schedule would become law within ways refused to assign salaries to sub-cab­ pay of people doing the same type of work 30 days unless one house of Congress acted inet personnel higher than those paid Mem- February 21, 1969 EXTENSiONS OF REMARKS -4167

,bers of Congress. This is understandable, average compensation of the chief ~xecutive country," says the Commission on Executive, ·sihce - obviq-psly an ASsistant Secre:tary .of officers in companies manufacturing durable Legislative and Judicial Salaries in its report Agriculture, for example, carries no more goods With sales over $1 blllion was $269,500. to President Johnson. resP<>nsibility than a senator or congress­ That's not the top salary in such a job; it's The report, now · circulating among key man-if as much. However, unwilllngness of ·the average. officioal.s although not formally released, rec­ the .Congress to raise congressional salaries To put this in perspective, I might ad,d ommends large salary increases for Senators, has created a whole chain of problems: that in the entire Federal government there Congressmen, Cabinet members, judges and It has made recruitment of sub-cabinet are only two or three departments With others. Salaries of the President, the Vice personnel difficult. . budgets under $1 billion, and there are a President and the Speaker were technically It has made commonplace the situation In number of agencies, Without department outside the commission's purview, but it which the head of an important agency, hav­ status, having budgets far exceeding that suggests boosts for them, too. ing major responsibiUty, finds himself being amount. It seems obvious to me that the kind These increases for Federal officials are paid essentially the same salary as several of managerial talent required to ·administer long overdue. The present, grossly inadequate of his subordinates having only a fraction such budgets cannot differ greatly between pay scales penalize public-spirited citizens of that responsibility. private industry and government. Only in seeking to serve their nation. They cause It has denied to career public servants in the matter of compensation has there been some to decline to serve. They drive others the top grades of the classified service the any essential difference. out of Government employment. salary increases they would otherwise receive No one is suggesting, and least of all the The commission was headed by Frederick through the comparability mechanism es­ Kappel Commission, that Federal executives R. Kappel, retired head of the giant Ameri­ tablished by Congress. For example, one be paid anything like $270,000. But this com­ can Telephone and Telegraph system. The career executive I know, a veteran of 23 years parison by the Commission should make President is expected to use the recommen­ of Federal service, classified as G.S. 18, has clear the need for the kind of upward ad­ dations in framing Federal salary scales in been held to a salary of $28,000, even though justment it has recommended and which has his budget message; unless Congress specif­ the full rate of pay for his job ought to be now taken effect. ically acts to overturn these scales, they will $30,239. Now, thanks to the actions of the CONGRESSIONAL SALARIEs-SIX INCREASES become law. Kappel Commission and the President, that "We should expect the compensation of ceiling has been removed, and he will start SINCE 1865 those to whom we entrust high responsibili­ receiving his full pay for the first time. Many people who object to the Kappel ties and authority in government to bear For all of these reasons it was necessary, Cominission report have the opinion that some reasonable relationship to that received from the standpoint of good, sound business congressional salaries are increased fre­ by their peers in private life," says the com­ management, to find an orderly and rational quently. Nothing could be further from the mission. It recommends that the salaries of procedure for adjusting all of these inter­ truth. In fact, there have been only six con­ Senators and Congressmen be increased from related salaries, including those at the top gressional salary increases since 1865. $30,000 to $50,000, Cabinet officers from causing the compression. The quadrennial In its report the Kappel Commission rec­ $35,000 to $60,000. Noting that it would be review initiated last year by the Kappel Com­ ommended that the salary of senators and utterly impossible to fix a value on the Presi­ mission is such a procedure. congressmen should be raised to $50,000. dent's "unique" services, it nonetheless sug­ COMPETITION WITH STATE AND LOCAL Members of the Commission made this rec­ gests that equity in pay structures demands GOVERNMENTS ommendation, not because they considered a doubling of the present $100,000 salary. 42 per cent as the proper cost-of-living ad­ Surely there is no reason why salaries paid The top salaries paid executives in private justment, or whatever, but because they were industry in 1967 were listed last June in Busi­ at the Federal level should be less than those attempting, for the first time, to arrive at a paid for essentially the same jobs at the ness Week magazine and they are pertinent: state and local level. In making its studies rational pay structure for these positions of Neil H. McElroy-once a Secretary of De­ the Kappel Commission looked at the salaries high responsibility in our government. fense-and Howard J. Morgens of Procter & now in effect throughout the country. Some In spite of the Kappel Commission's rec­ Gamble each made $325,000; Samuel Bronf­ examples were these: ommendation President Johnson did not as­ man of Distillers Corp.-Seagrams, Ltd., made sign a $50,000 salary figure to the Congress. $331,475; Harold Geneen of International Governor of New York ______$85,000 He reduced the amount at the request of Telephone and Telegraph received $250,000 Manager, Los Angeles Airport ______44,000 many of us in the House and Senate who in salary and $235,000 in other compensa­ Inheritance tax attorney for Orleans felt that this was excessive and, furthermore, Parish, La ______tion; P. B. Hofmann of Johnson & Johnson 80,000 that Members of Congress might find it nec­ made $277,000 in salary and $209,142 in addi­ General manager, Public Service essary to reject the entire package if such tional compensation. Board, San Antonio, Tex ______40,000 an increase were designated for their own Government need not match these strato­ Administrator, University of Ala- salaries. The $42,500 figure was the result of bama School of Medicine ______spheric rewards. There are compensations in 50,000 these pressures for a cutback. public service that private employment can­ President, University of Washing- Fortunately, Members of Congress need not duplicate, but the financial sacrifice re­ ton ------50,000 never again have the sole responsibility for quired of men of talent and dedication Chief engineer, New York Port Au- fixing their own salaries, and in. all prob­ should be far less than it is . . thority ------­ 45,000 ability no increase of such proportions as Executive director, New York Port this will ever again be necessary. Released [From the Wall Street Journal, Feb. 6, 1969) . · ~uthority ------70,000 from a system which allowed only six pay increases in 104 years, congressional pay can MONEY IsN'T EVERYTHING It should be obvious there was something The U.S. Senate was wise to allow debate, wrong with a system that paid $70,000 to be adjusted in small amounts as changes in our economy warrant. And the remainder of and to put itself on the record, in approving the head of the New York Port Authority the proposed salary increases for upper-level but only $35,000 to the Secretary of Defense, the Federal establishment can be assigned rational compensation, free from this arbi­ Federal employes, including the lawmakers whose duties involved administering a budget themselves. If they had merely sat on their of $80 billion. There was obviously a need trary and unfair barrier. In view of the great good that will come hands, the pay boosts would have gone into to correct a situation in which a lawyer effect automatically on Feb. 14. assisting in the collection of inheritance from this important step toward respon­ sible personnel management throughout the Tuesday's Senate debate didn't change any­ taxes in Louisiana was paid $80,000 while the thing, and perha:Ps that was the best result. head .of the Central Intelligence Agency re­ Federal government it is my judgment that ceived only $30,000. rejection of the Kappel Commission recom­ In inflationary times like these, though, the mendations would clearly not have been in public deserves at least a little fuller expla­ COMPARABILITY WITH PRIVATE INDUSTRY the public interest. AlloWing the recom­ nation of why Federal lawmakers and officials Similarly, the Kappel Commission made a mendations, as amended by the President, should get such substantial increases. study of salaries paid executives in private to become law will have far-reaching effects, The largest boost, a doubling of the Pres­ industry. Following are a few examples: in my judgment, in attracting ever more ident's $100,000 salary, was approved by Con­ qualified men into government service. If gress before Mr. Nixon's inauguration; under President, Doyle, Dane Bernbach, the law no Chief Executive's pay can be raised Inc., Advertising Agency __. ______$117,211 that .occurs, . the slight additional cost of Executive vice president, the Boeing establishing- a rational pay system will be while he is in office. But that increase--after Aircraft Co ______taxes-did not even come close to equalling 109,620 more than compensated by the long-term President, Seagram Distillers ______savings made possible through increased ef­ the rise in the cost of living in the two 331,475 decades since the President last got a raise. Executive vice president, Safeway ~ciency and economy in our many govern­ mental operations. There isn't the same justification for the Stores ------115,769 President, Phillip Morris, Inc ______[From the New York Times, Dec. 26, 1968] other boosts. Members of Congress and many i12,500 high-level officials last got increases in 1964. In case these salaries migat ·be thought ~RI<:;E TAG ON TALENT While the cost of living has climbed about unusually high I might · point out ·'that "The ability .of our nation to meet the 14% since then, most of the raises are a studies .were made of the average salaries challenges of these troubled times depends good deal larger than that. Plltid the chief executive officers i.n .private on the leadership of. those who place their One answer could be that the existing Fed­ ind.ustry. lt was found, for exa,mple, that the talepts and energies .at the ser.vice of their eral salaries were too low, even in 1964. For- 4168 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 mer President Johnson presumably thinks French. A year and a half later, Pedro of the Year Award to Dr. Blackwell, Mr. so: "The salaries we pay our top officials are Menendez attacked Fort Caroline and Arthur Magill, internationally known clearly inadequate," he told Congress. ~"The defeated the French, leading to the es­ businessman and philanthropist, read proposals I make tOday are long overdue." tablishment of St. Augustine, in 1565, the following citation: It's certainly true that lt's difficult to in­ duce large numbers of top-notch individuals by the Spanish. So we are just past the TO GORDON Wn.LIAMS BLACKWELL to serve in Government or to run for Oon­ 400th anniversary of our beginnings in For Distinguished Leadership in the fields gress; President Nixon's recruiters can pro­ the United States of America. of sociology and higher education, as a social vide ample, current testimony to that. And, Mr. Speaker, the 150th anniver­ scientist, teacher, and college administrator. Whether the difilculties have increased or di­ sary of Florida joining the United States For working steadily to build with intelli­ minished in recent years, however, may be to occurs in the present year. gence and thoughtful long-range purpose, some extent a function of the observer's On February 22, 1819, Spain ceded the potential of the South. personal political viewpoint. For Serving, while still a young college pro­ It's also true that many Congressmen, Florida to the United States for $5 mil­ fessor, as Director of the Institute for Re­ either from need or desire, cling to outside lion. Two years later, on February 22, search in Social Science at the University of sources of income while serving. Rep. Wright 1821, the treaty was proclaimed and North Carolina, vastly extending its program Patman of Texas has proposed that, in return ratified by President James Monroe. in the areas of social psychology, urban for the raise, the lawmakers give up any Florida at that time was divided into studies, and political behavior, and bringing outside employment or business interests. _two separate provinces, West Florida and to it also the vital funds in grants and con­ Whether they go that far or not, the law­ East Florida, controlled by Spain. tracts which made its success more sure. makers' increased affiuence should prod them For Establishing, while Chancellor of the to provide a fuller accounting of their po­ Secretary of State John Quincy Adams Woman's College of The University of North tential conflicts of interest--something negotiated the treaty, which stated: Carolina at Greensboro, a nursing program, they're always worried about when they con­ His Catholic Majesty cedes to the United and a four-year program in medical tech­ sider appointees to the executive branch. States, in full property and sovereignty, all nology, for initiating a doctoral program In any case, the establishment of suitable the territories which belong to him, situated there, and for helping materially to solve salary scales is only part of the task of im­ to the eastward of the Mississippi, known by critical racial problems in the community. proving Federal management. That fact was the name of East and West Florida. For Moving Florida State University for­ clearly recognized by the Committee for Eco­ ward as its president, increasing its enroll­ nomic Development several years ago when This transaction underlined the de­ ment from 9,000 to 12,000 doubling its annual it began its drive for better Government ex­ cline of the great European powers at budget, increasing its average faculty salaries ecutive performance. that time and the expansion of the by 50 percent, and responsibly handling $32 The business-supported research group, in United States of America. million invested or committed in building a 1964 study, listed numerous steps toward After the signing of the treaty by Pres­ and improving the physical plant. upgrading management throughout the ident Monroe, he named Gen. Andrew For contributing to the knowledge of our Government; next to last among its recom­ Jackson as the "Commissioner of the world by scholarly research and published mendations was "increased compensation at writing in the field of sociology. upper levels in Federal service." Assigned at un:tod States with full power and au­ For Serving our country during World War least equal, if not higher, priority was better thority to him to take possession of and Two as a community organization specialist personnel administration, including execu­ to occupy the territories ceded by Spain in the Office of Civilian Defense. tive development and recognition of ability to the United States." This was on March But Chiefly Because, as president of your (and inability). 10, 1821. While Jackson was the first alma mater, Furman University, you have The Government, after all, is a huge busi­ military governor of Florida, William P. brought this illustrious college rapidly for­ ness, and people are people, whether they Duval, of Kentuck.v, was the first civilian ward, both as an administrator and as a work for the Defense Department or for governor, taking over his duties on June leader in higher education in this state. You General Motors. Slipshod procedures, over­ have set high goals of good intent for Fur­ lapping responsibilities and meaningless 20, 1822, from Andrew Jackson. man. You have in less than four years raised tasks can make any job unrewarding for a It is significant that my hometown, average faculty salaries by over 40 percent, conscientious individual, no matter how high Jacksonville, Fla., is named after Jack­ added men and women of stature to a faculty the salary may be. son, and my home county, Duval, is already recognized as among the finest in the Unfortunately the Federal establishment named after Governor Duval, who is Southeast, and raised the intellectual qual­ has more than its share of just such jobs. buried here in the District of Columbia. .ity of the student body. You have embarked In one area, Congress for once could show It was in 1845 that Florida became a upon a long-range campaign for capital im­ the way for the rest of the Government if it provement which is realistic, bold, imagina­ would overhaul its seniority system in which State. tive, and emblazoned with success. But above the quality that counts is the abllity to keep Mr. Speaker, today Florida is one of all, you have held steadfastly to your goal of getting elected. our Union's biggest and most productive bringing Furman University in~and not A thorough job of revitalizing Federal States. We are ninth in size. We have a short of-a posture of excellence by national management, in other words, must involve rich historical tradition like no other standards in a manner to bring credit upon a revitalization of the Government itself. State, and we are in the forefront of yourself and upon your institution. If the Government were a better place to ARTHUR MAGILL, work, Federal recruiters would find it easier man's greatest exploration--sending a Awards Chairman. to attract the caliber of executives who man to the moon. We have maturity and would help make the establishment more we have youthfulness. Our sesquicenten­ In presenting the society's Man of the efficient and effective. nial as part of America is a proud Year Award to Dr. Mays, Mr. Magill read In an organization of such size, change moment. the following citation: won't come quickly or easily. And we trust To BENJAMIN ELIJAH MAYS that the legislators, as they await their fatter In 1940, on assuming the presidency of paychecks, will remember that money is by GORDON W. BLACKWELL AND BEN­ Morehouse College, some of the trustees of no means everything. JAMIN E. MAYS: MEN OF THE that institution, because of the difficulty of YEAR operating a college with an enrollment of just over 300 in a war-time economy, were in favor of closing Morehouse for the dura­ FLORIDA JOINS THE UNION: HON. JAMES R. MANN tion, and you decided that to close "The 1819-1969 OF SOUTH CAROLINA candle in the dark" would be a catastrophic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES blow to the progress of your race, so instead, against all odds, you decided to keep it open. HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT Thursday, February 20, 1969 During the 194Q-1967 period, enrollment Mr. MANN. Mr. Speaker, two of our increased from 300 to its present level of just OF FLORIDA under 1,000 students. In 1940 Morehouse had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nation's most distinguished educators, Dr. Gordon W. Blackwell, president of 23 full-time faculty members, two of whom Thursday, February 20, 1969 had earned PhD degrees. Morehouse presently Furman University, and Dr. Benjamin has 65 full-time professors, more than half of Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, the per­ E. Mays, president emeritus of More­ whom hold doctorates. manent settlement of what now is the house College, were honored recently by You are the author of the following state­ United States began in 1564 when Rene the Greenville, S.C.• Chapter of the So­ ment, "I am not naive enough to believe that Laudonniere founded Fort Caroline, near ciety for Advancement of Management. a teacher is a better teacher because he holds present-day Jacksonville. Fla.• for the In presenting the society's coveted Man an MA, BD, or PhD degree. I am not arguing Febrttary 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4169 that a teacher is more honest, or loves his the new, the ever new, the forever new future earnings of the person these earnings students more dearly because he has an ad­ South-a term that has become a cliche in are the returns to what has been invested... vanced degree. I am arguing, however, that technicolor. Old paths from everywhere now He makes the point that human capital has less training does not make him a better run into the freeways as the region moves become increasingly important ln our tech­ teacher or a more honest man. There is no at a dizzying pace. The modernity of our nologically advanced economy and that the virtue in an academically weak faculty." Dur­ urban architecture soars high above the old rate of return on investment in human ing the 194o-1967 period the fioor space of white columns of the land. As Jonathan beings has been higher than that on invest­ Morehouse increased three-fold, land area Daniels has pointed out, we have suffered ment in non-human capital. doubled, and the market value of its endow­ long enough from the caricature and the But, you say, higher education is certainly ment rose six-fold. Morehouse's 1940 budget calumny about us, and from the romanticism much more than an economic investment in was $130,000, and the money spent from all and nostalgia of our own making. Our boot­ people. What about the values of having sources In the 1967 period was just under straps are torn from our tugging on them. educated mothers, educated neighbors, im­ $2,000,000. Nevertheless, the South appears to be rapidly proved race relations, reduction of poverty Twenty colleges now have, or have had, entering the mainstream of American life. accompanied by reduction in delinquency Morehouse graduates as their presidents. One Education is undoubtedly the most crucial and crime? What about the social and cul­ alumnus was a Nobel Prize winner, another of man's institutions in this movement into tural values of education? Does not educa­ was a member of the Atomic Energy Com­ the mainstream. For education can raise the tion increase the range of human choice in mission, and countless alumni have distin­ quality of human resources through the de­ our dynamic society? And, of course, the an­ guished themselves throughout the world. veloped capacities, motivations, and aspi:rn­ swer to all these questions is definitely You have served your country and your tions of the people. It can be a direct influ­ "Yes." church in posts too numerous to be men­ ence in determining the kinds of industries In light of this crucial importance of col­ tioned. Twenty-three honorary degrees are which develop in a region. Furthermore, re­ leges and universities, it is not surprising but a slight indication of the high regard in search in university laboratories provides that American higher education is in the which the educational institutions of this much of the basic knowledge out of which midst of a development which surely would country hold you. come technological developments. Indeed, have staggered the imagination of the lead­ But without a question the sign post of through service to people and communities, ers in the last century. It is true that we your success cannot be measured in dollars, higher education can provide the single most have serious problems in our nation, espe­ or square feet, or honorary degrees received, vital thrust in regional development. cially with respect to the distribution of op­ or posts held with distinction, but rather the We must, then, consider quality higher portunity. But it is also true, and we have quality, and character, and integrity, and education as an investment in human re­ been prone to forget this in the recent phase high-mindedness of the graduates of More­ sources as it upgrades the capabilities of a of self-flagellation, that we have broadened house College. Just as we judge parents by people. In a maturing economy such as we educational opportunity at an astounding their children, so are you judged by the qual­ have in the South, by raising the abilities of rate in the last twenty years. ity of the alumni of the great institution the labor force education can hasten the This development has come about both be­ which you so ably guided for twenty-seven trends which are changing the employment cause we can afford it and because we need years. mix. These occupational trends include a it. We can afford it because of the increases Never has so much been achieved with so decreasing proportion of the labor market in productivity, which make possible for little and against such great odds. In all employed in goods-producing industries and young men and women a later entry into the humbleness this organization salutes and a higher proportion in professional, technical, labor pool, as well as an earlier retirement commends you with the wish that the great­ and service industries where higher levels of for the older people. We need it because, as est tribute which could be paid you would education are required. At the same time au­ I have already noted, the requirements for be for young men and young women of both tomatiqn is reducing the proportion of work­ productive, personally satisfying participa­ races to emulate the example which you in ers in semi-skilled and unskilled jobs. Fully tion in our society are changing; what agri­ your life have set. three-fourths of those in technical and pro­ cultural skill was to our forefathers and in­ ARTHUR MAGILL, fessional occupations have some college work. dustrial skill to our fathers, intellectual skill Awards Chairman. Particularly are we seeing a rapid increase is to our children. in scientific and engineering employment. In accepting their awards, Dr. Black­ Some decades ago, the intellectual leader­ well and Dr. Mays spoke of our country's In other words, with a greater emphasis ship of our nation was coming largely from upon white collar than upon blue collar jobs twenty or so universities. Most of them were needs for quality education and racial in the Piedmont area, the role of education private institutions. These elite schools pro­ harmony. Believing that their addresses in upgrading workers becomes increasingly duced nearly all of the leaders in the learned will enlighten and inspire Members of important and demanding. This effort by professions, the research scholars and scien­ Congress and citizens generally, I in­ education must be viewed as an investment. tists, the shapers of thought and policy. clude them here as extensions of my Theodore W. Schultz, economist of the Uni­ Twenty years from now our country will remarks: versity of Chicago, has pointed out that in­ need several hundred universities and col­ vestment is "the formation of capital, OUR MOST PRECIOUS RESOURCE leges of genuine quality-both public and whether in the form of material things or in private--whose primary responsibilities will (By Gordon W. Blackwell) human capabilities." In stimulating the eco­ be threefold: education for leadership, active Certainly I am honored by this award. nomic growth of a region we must make pursuit of researoh and creative efforts, and Being cognizant of the caliber of those who policy choices among investment opportuni­ provision of supporting services which will have been so recognized in the past, I am ties, including education. Not until we come be diffused throughout society. These several deeply appreciative. I hope too that I am to understand that support of education hundred institutions of top rank will com­ sufficiently humble because in your selec­ must be viewed as an investment, not a con­ prise less than ten percent of all institutions tions this year-more than honoring two sumption item, will we utilize education of higher learning, though they will certainly particular men-I believe you have chosen wisely in regional development. Among other have more than ten percent of the students. to give recognition to the crucial importance perspectives, education must be evaluated The point is that they will constitute a spe­ of colleges and universities. For, after all, it as capital formation which contributes to cialized group, performing a crucial part of is to these institutions that Dr. Mays and I economic growth. the higher education effort. have devoted the most of our energies. Wherever the levels of both education and Among these institutions, the colleges will Along the pipelines that come from Texas income are relatively low, as in the South, have one big advantage, that of relatively and Oklahoma, it is necessary to have pump­ the return on inevstment in education is small size so that the human dimensions of ing stations every few miles. Even when the high. In other words, a million dollars in­ education can be preserved. For example, at oil goes downhill it will not go by itself; it's vested in education in the Piedmont area Furman with 1900 students we have only now too sluggish. A civilization is like that. With­ will currently yield greater returns than if reached what we believe to be that impre­ out conscious propulsion, it becomes stag­ the investment were made in New York or cise, minimum critical size for a diversified, nant. Without thoughtful and sometimes California. intellectually stimulating campus with eco­ sacrificial effort by the people, a civilization You are familiar with the figures for vari­ nomical operation. On the other hand, there can lose its standards of beauty, right, and ation in average lifetime income according is no reason to believe that we shall allow truth: art and music become mere decora­ to level of education. For men aged 25 Furman to approach the also imprecise point tion; philosophy and religion become sophis­ through 64 with less than eight years of ele­ at which an institution becomes so mon­ try and speculation; and science becomes mentary schqol, the expectation is $106,449; strous as to lose its cohesion. only technology. Then man is the prisoner of for ·those with four years of high school, The size limitation of the college, however, his appetites and his ignorance. We need $215,487; and for those with four or more will accentuate the hard choices which such colleges and universities to encourage the years of- college, $366,990. Thus, education institutions face. We and other similar col­ development of new ideas and standards, as more than triples ·the lifetime earning abil­ leges will fulfill ·our proper role only if we well as to communicate the truths of the ity of a college graduate as compared with realize that no one college can do everything. ages. As ·Elton Trueblood has put. it, "The an elementary school dropout. Quoting Pro­ Each must keep all of its basic programs at college is an alternative to triviality." · fessor· sc:qultz again: "When a person im­ least at a respectable level of acceptability . Here il,l the Pied.mont, with a fine assort.. proves his o~pa'Qility, i_t represents a~ invest­ and must have some programs which are ment of colleges and universities, we ·are lo­ ment in human capital. Such an investment truly superior. For each individual institu­ cated in what I believe to be the heart of always entails costs; when it enhances the tion, its own peaks of excellence-high 4170 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 · enough for all the world to see-will depend gifted. The church people thoufi?;bt I was As I moved 01;1 to do graduate work ~ at on its historical development, community smart. These people in their comments about tb,e ~ University of Chicago, my host of Wit­ and regional needs. and faculty strength and me helped to drive me on at the tender age nesses had increased even more. Tbe Bates interests. of six. College professors, my friends and class­ But academic programs of qua.llty are not When I was eight or nine, I "spoke my mates at the College, all had expressed the sufD.clent. There 1s a.n ever present danger piece" on Children's Day at the church, re­ belief that I would make it in life. I had that our colleges and universities will not citing the fifth chapter of the Gospel of a larger audience now. But above all, the relate meaningfully to the needs of the re­ Matthew. After all these years, I can still prayers of my untutoJ"ed mother were con­ gion. Many of them are in the words of Jona­ see and hear the reaction of the crowd. Men stant and continuing. She believed God than Daniels, just up the hill from our vilest stamped their feet, women waved their hand­ would answer her prayers 1n my behalf. slums or just across the broomsedge from kerchiefs, and the whole audience clapped So, the years rolled on; and I ea,rned both the cabin where the old door hangs on one their hands loudly. Despite the fact that we the A.M. and the Ph.D. degrees from the Uni­ hinge. We have stood too aloof from these were poor, and no one in my family had any­ versity of Chicago. These successes meant to problems, both a.s institutions and a.s indi­ thing, and that Negroes were generally badly me a mandate from the people all the way viduals. We have dared to be irrelevant! But treated in my early years, it wa.s predicted from South Carolina to Maine and from all th1s must change. We must take an active by the people in the church and in the com­ Maine to the University of Chicago which part in helping the region develop sound munity that "Bennie" would go far in the said "do not let us down." policy so that rapid urbanization will result world. Although too young to reason it out Many honors have come my way. Many not in blight and despair but in hope and well, I felt that I was obligated to make their honorary degrees have been conferred upon opportunities for humane living. predictions came true. How, I did not know. me. I have been fortunate enough to have . ~ Finally, we can no longer neglect statewide The confidence the rather unschooled people the opportunity to travel in North America, planning and coordination in higher educa­ in my church had in me, and the faith the Europe, Asia, and Africa. I have represented tion. There needs to be increased voluntary fifth grade pastor bad in me, motivated me my government and religious organizations cooperation between institutions of similar beyond measure. I felt I could not let the both at home and abroad. All of these things type, resulting in strengthened programs people down. As I moved away from them, have placed me in the debt of the people. and more economical operation. Furthermore, I felt their eyes were upon me. I have no right to be unduly proud, because each state--South Carolina, for example-­ The years passed; and I was nineteen years I am what the people have made me. I can should determine th-e most desirable institu­ old before I could stay in school more than never repay the people for what they have tional mix to maximize its contributions four months out of the year. When finally . done for me and for what they have meant through higher education. At each lnstitu­ I could remain in school for the whole nine­ tome. tion, public and private, the proper student month term, and eventually graduated as In fact, every man who does anything mix by level-lower division, upper division, valedictorian of my class from the high worthwhile and who achieves any success in graduat-e--must be determined as part of the school department of South Carolina State life owes a debt to the people. No man is an statewide plan. The State, in its planning, Cqllege in Orangeburg, my host of witnesses island unto himself. The politician who wins should give careful nurture to private institu­ had greatly increased. By then there were an election owes his victory to the people tions because of their current and potential not only the people in the county church in who believed in him. The business man who contributions. As part of this coordination, Greenwood County and my parents who ex­ makes a profit owes it to the people who buy admission and retention standards should be pected me to do well, but the faculty and his product. The painter can be called great published by all institutions in order to help friends at State College also seemed to expect only by the people. The greatest singer isn't prospective students distribute themselves much of me. I had no money. My father was great without the acclaim of the people. The appropriately throughout such a diversified a renter and never owned any land. I had people make us what we are. system. nothing but a determined will, a strong body, I thought now that I have reached three In summary, my proposition is simple and and an insatiable desire to get an education score and ten I would b-e thro.ugh with being _ direct. Young people constitute our most and to b-e somebody worthwhile. I could see obligated to the people for what they have precious resource. In today's world, higher no way to accomplish these things; but the done for me. But tonight, here you come, the. education is required to enable many of them eyes of the people at Zion Church, and now Society for the Advancement of Management, to make their maximum contribution. There my friends in Orangeburg, drove me on. with your fine honor, thus placing me deeper must be a minority of institutions of first The people continued to drive me on. Be­ in the people's debt. I am deeply grateful for rank to educate leaders. Furthermore, support ing desirous of competing with men of other this Award here in my home state, not far • of education must be looked upon a.s capital ethnic and racial groups in order that I from Epwozth Post Office where I was born. formation which contributes to regional might test my mental abillty, despite untold Whether I deserve the honor of being con­ growth. In this great undertaking there Is no handicaps and many crippling circumstances sidered one of South Carollna's distinguished place for unnecessary dupllcation and waste­ I found my way to Bates College in Lewiston, sons, I cannot l?ay. I accept your judgment. ful competition between institutions. State­ Maine. The competition was keen and the I have tried to give a good account. of the. wide planning and coordination are required ~ weather was cold. My first winter out of State in every part of this nation and in the to assure the optimum functioning of all South Carolina, the first year I was in Maine, world at large. Your honoring me here to­ institutions. the temperature dropped to 44 below zero. night is a gratifying and a bumbling ex­ It 1-s for these reasons, then, that I say I say jokingly now, but with an element of perience. I am reminded of the words of Paul again it is heart warming that those respon­ truth in it, that my feet got cold in Maine Laurence Dunbar, the great Negro poet, when sible have seen fit tonight to recognize the in 1917 and they haven't been warm since! he said: importance to our society of the higher As proof of this, I have on two pairs of socks learning. nqw! "Mere human strength may stand. ill for- tune's frown; Believing that God was no respecter of THE PEoPLE HAVE DRIVEN ME ON So I prevailed, for human strength is mine; person, and that all groups are potentially But from the awful throes of great renown, (By Benjamin E. Mays) equal, I wanted to compete with men other Naught can protect me save a strength than Negroes. At Bates College I received the I may not have done much in these three divine. score years and ten. I may not have contrib­ reassurance that I needed. I knew that my Help me, 0 Lord, in this my · trembling parents, the people in my county church and uted much to the uplift of mankind. But if I cause; have contributed anything at all, I am in the people in Orangeburg were expecting me I scorn men's curses, but I dread applause!" debt to the people. The people have driven to do well. Many eyes were upon me, for so me on. Without them, I would be nothing. My few Negroes in Greenwood County had the I assure you, I shall not relax in my ad­ mother could neither read nor write. She was opportunity to further their educations. The vancing years, but will still let the people born during the Civll War. My father could people were still driving me on. drive me on. How can I relax? As long as our read printing fairly well, but he couldn't read I did well at -Bat~. I won a prize in public soldiers are dying in Vietnam for a cause stlll handwriting. He was born in 1856, nine years speaking, served as president of three college unclear, I cannot relax. As long as half of the before the close of the Civil War. organizations, took part in dramatics, was people of the earth are .starving, are illiterate, When I was born, there wasn't much going ~ elected Class Day Orator by my class, gradu­ and have diseased bodies, I cannot have pea.ce for me nor for tpe Negro in the United States, ated with honors and was finally elected of mind. I am no better than they. As long a~s Under the tutelage of my oldest sister, I had to membership in Phi Beta Kappa. ~ To me, there are millions in this great country of learned my alphabet, could read a bit and these successes were not mine alone but be­ ours living below the poverty line. I cannot could count to a hundred when I entered longed to .the people who had driven me on. b-e satisfied with my comfort. As long as the the one-room, four-monthS school at the age All down the line, they had encouraged me, gap between black and white seeJ?l-S to be of six. Some of the people who drove me on not with money but with words of cheer and widening, I can have no peace of mind. All even at six years old were those who entered ~ goodwill. I am sure I might have yielded to of us are under orders from God to do our bit with me, many older than I, . who did. not many ~ temptations were it not for -the ·fact to make our community, our state; our na­ know their ~alphabets, and could not read or that ·I knew I could not afford. -to let the tion, and the world a better place for all of count. They and the teacher thought I w~s . people down. All through my life, the people us .to live~ Whatever our station ln life may exceptional. The teacher spread the news at have driven me on. I have wanted to live be, we are no better than our fellows. Eu­ church on the second Sunday that I was up to their expectations of me. gene Debs was not wholly in error when he February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4171 said, in essence: "As long as there is a lower farmer. This we cannot and will not However, even accepting the argument class, I am in it. As long as there is a criminal accept. that the U.S. textile industry has some element, I am of it. As long as there ts a man When I was in Bonn, Germany, re­ special problems, it would seem advisable in jail, I am not free." cently, I warned Finance Minister Franz that they be weighed carefully in the Josef Strauss that the proposed tax national interest rather than become the might trigger retaliation in unfortunate subject of an immediate approach to TEXTILE QUOTAS COULD HURT forms. He promised me his opposition, the world for a so-called voluntary SOYBEAN MARKETS but new factors-like the textile quotas­ agreement restraining exports of tex­ could cause reevaluation. tiles to the United States. It is too early to tell the success of our At this moment, I am not aware that HON. PAUL FINDLEY diplomatic offensive on this front, but the President has appointed a special OF ll.LINOIS while the battle is being waged, we should trade representative. Furthermore, plain IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be certain to take no action which would American horsesense indicates that no Thursday, February 20, 1969 impair chances for success. foreign country is going to participate in Yes, I am afraid that we are about a textile arrangement without exacting Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, as the to embark on an action which will tum sti:fi concessions. world's leading trading nation, what we possible success into almost certain fail­ According to the New York Times edi­ do during this session of Congress may ure. That action is a possible approach torial on February 7: well establish the pattem of trade for on textiles now contemplated at the The European Economic Community is the decade to come. We have the oppor­ White House level. In his February 6 likely to demand the reciprocal right to im­ tunity to exercise leadership and diplo­ press conference, President Nixon said: pose a special tax on oilseed products, a macy to overcome the obstacles to trade Exploratory discussions have taken place measure that could jeopardize nearly $500 expansion and lead the world to a greater and will be taking place with major coun­ million of United States soybean exports. exchange of goods and services on a tries involved to see if we can handle this In Japan, which is being asked to lift import worldwide basis. Or we can succumb to on a volunteer basis rather than having to quotas and loosen restrictions on investment the age-old remedy of building a tari:fi go to a legislation which would impose quo­ by American auto companies, protectionist wall and retreating behind it. tas, and I think would turn back the clock sentiment would be greatly strengthened. Now that the obstacles are formida­ in our objective to achieve freer trade. It appears to me that the U.S. farmer ble-the bugle of retreat has been The President was referring to the is being asked to pay the price for eco­ sounded. textile situation which he characterized nomic adjustment in the textile industry, Our patience is being tried. Soybean as "a special problem which has caused thereby placing the great rich land producers in my district and in those very great distress in certain parts of areas of the Midwest and Southwest in of the districts of other Congressmen this country, and to a great number of jeopardy. in more than 20 other leading soybean­ wage earners, as well as to those who I take the position that by vigorous producing States are deeply disappointed operate our textile facilities." action, the United States can continue in the European Common Market tax Undoubtedly, it is true there have been to fight the battle for the growth of proposal. It calls for a tax of $60 per ton serious dislocations within the textile in­ trade rather than restrict trade and that on most vegetable oils and $30 per ton dustry and that there have been Amer­ this is best accomplished by taking posi­ for oilseed, cake, and meal. These taxes ican workers thrown out of jobs and tex­ tive aggressive action and not seeking would add the equivalent of 35 to 40 tile facilities that have been forced to agreements. percent ad valorem import duty on our close. However, the overall condition of Everyone knows that when you accept principal trade item, soybean meal. Its the U.S. textile industry appears to be a voluntary agreement--it ceases to be impact would affect about 450 to 500 mil­ healthy. In fact, the other side of the voluntary-it then becomes mandatory. lion dollars in U.S. exports. This tax is textile story as reported by the Amer­ On February 10 the American Farm being proposed by the community to ican Importers Association is that prof­ Bureau Federation's official newsletter solve its unfortunate dairy surplus. its in the textile industry more than quoted the president, Charles Shuman, The U.S. Government has protested doubled from 1961 to 1968 with an in­ as saying: this proposal in the strongest possible crease in profits of 35.2 percent for the U.S. agriculture will decline and decay if terms and has reiterated on a number first three quarters of 1968 compared to it is forced to shrink production to the needs of occasions that action of this kind the first three quarters of 1967. of the domestic market. There is no need for would substantially damage U.S. trade The same association reports that for farmers to accept this fate. We have the most the apparel industry, sales grew from highly diversified and most efficient agri­ and would bring swift counteraction, in­ cultural production in the world. Farmers cluding retaliation, to restore the balance 12.4 billion in 1961 to almost 20 billion and ranchers can compete in world markets. of trade. in 1968, an increase of about 60 percent. This action I subscribe to for I feel it Profits from the apparel industry grew Mr. Shuman went on to say that in is decidedly in the national interest. We from $331 million in 1961 with an esti­ order to give farmers an opportunity to cannot afford to lose a substantial part mated $856 mill1on in 1968, an increase compete for world markets, Congress of a half-billion-dollar annual market of about 160 percent. In the first three should adopt a trade expansion act which shows promise of further growth quarters o.f 1968, profits were up 27.6 which would authorize the President to without taking suitable retaliatory percent over the same period in 1967. pursue trade negotiations designed tore­ action. Granted that the imports of some duce restrictions on world trade with. We must be certain to make the com­ categories of textiles are at record lev­ nation.; which are prepared to o:fier re­ munity realize that creating a new prob­ els-nonetheless, it appears that at a ciprocal benefits to U.S. exports. lem to solve an existing one is not a very minimum, substantial elements of Future negotiations must not only in­ the U.S. textile industry are enjoying a clude--they must emphasize-trade and constructive way out of the dairy sur­ agricultural progress. plus impasse. Their idea is to raise the very healthy and profitable condition. price of vegetable oils which compete I wjsh only that U.S. farmers enjoyed Mr. Shuman also pointed out that the a profit position even remotely Farm Bureau opposes any attempt to set with animal fats such as butter, at the comparable. same time introducing some form of con­ agricultural trade apart from industrial Certainly textile interests have not trade and to allocate international agri­ sumer subsidy in an effort to encourage been neglected by the U.S. Department increased butter consumption. cultural markets through the use of in­ of Agriculture. In 1967 the cost to tax­ ternational commodity agreements. Furthermore, the EEC proposal would payers of the cotton program actually increase the cost of protein feeds, mainly On the same basis I think we should exceeded the entire market value of the oppose international agreements whether soybeans, thus shifting a major part of crop. The program, which is still op­ labeled as voluntary or not, which tend the cost of the solution of the dairy sur­ erating, was sold to Congress as neces­ to allocate industrial markets. plus problem from the Common Market sary to improve the competitive position At t,bis moment, the new administra-· finance ministries to the American of CQtton textiles. tion is contemplating the possible reduc- 4172 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 tion in the price-support level for soy­ States is asked by the world to pay a {From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, beans. Reasons for the likely reductions price-that price is frightfully high. Feb. 12, 1969] are to discourage overproduction, but So I call upon the President when he EIGHT R. F. X. STAFFERS GOT FORD FOUNDA­ also to make soybeans more competitive journeys to Europe on his important TION GRANTS TOTALING $131,069 FOR TRAVEL in overseas markets where soybean oil mission not to make commitments on a AND STUDY must compete with other sources of veg­ voluntary textile agreement--in order Eight former aides of the late Sen. Robert F. Kennedy have been awarded Ford Foun­ etable oils. not to compromise the action of those dation travel and study grants totallng $131,- So at a time when soybean farmers-- who fight against soybean taxes in the 069, records of a House Small Business sub­ most of them in agreement are about to Common Market and certainly not to committee showed today. make a painful adjustment--why should jeopardize negotiations in Japan aimed The subcom..mittee, headed by Rep. Wright the U.S. textile industry be protected at market liberalization in that coun­ Patman, D-Tex., has been investigating tax­ against adjustments which will improve try. exempt foundations for more than eight its competitive position? Japan, incidentally, is this Nation's years. Patman. who has been at odds with In the long run, I feel the U.S. textile leading importer of U.S. agricultural pro­ Ford Foundation President McGeorge Bundy, will is to be the opening witness at tax reform industry be more prosperous and duction. While the past administration hearings beginning Tuesday before the Ways will provide more jobs for American wage was unsuccessful in its yearend attempt and Means Committee. earners if it is not encumbered by so­ to gain liberalization for U.S. farmers in In reply to questions by Patman, David E. called voluntary international agree­ that market--there are reasons to believe Bell, acting chief executive officer of the Ford ment than if it now succumbs to the that the new administration will be more Foundation, said the awards to the former easy temptation of gaining momentary successful. But why should this possibil­ Kennedy staffers were in line with its prac­ advantage through such course of action. ity be jeopardized by first asking for tices and purposes. I now call to your attention a publica­ restrictions which might well trigger re­ (United Press International said the grants were offered as part of a program to ease the tion issued by the University of Minne­ taliation. transition between public and private life sota Agricultural Extension Service Consequently, it appears to me there for the former staffers.) called the Protectionist Mood in Mid­ is nothing to gain and everything to lose The recipients and the purposes for which west Agricultural Trade. This publica­ by rushing into a textile agreement. I the grants were made were listed as: tion was developed by the North Central call upon the administration to carefully Jerry Bruno, Kennedy's chief advance man, Public Affairs Subcommittee on Agricul­ weigh the matter-to take the time for $19,450 for a seven-month study of methods tural Trade. it to be thoroughly studied and analyzed and styles of national political campaigning In and reviewed by those skilled and expe­ in the United States. its analysis of "the consequences of Joseph Dolan, former administrative as­ protection," this publication concludes rienced in international trade and fa­ sistant, $18,556 for a six-month study of that: miliar with the financial crisis and bal­ teaching methods, text materials and other Perhaps the most dramatic consequence of ance-of-payments problem facing this writings used in law school and university increasing protection is that foreign nations Nation. courses dealing with the lawyer's role in the usually retaliate by increasing their tariffs Certainly in the meantime the inter­ legislative processes. and other trade barriers against the products ests of farmers in Dlinois and through­ Peter Edelman, legislative assistant, $19,901 of the protecting nation. One reason that out the Midwest should not be scuttled­ for a five-month study of community de­ world trade volume declined almost 50 per perhaps never to be retrieved. velopment and social programs in various cent in the thirties was that the depression­ countries of Europe, the Far and Middle East induced tariff increases of the United States and Africa, with special emphasis on the de­ were met by retaliatory tariff hikes in other gree to which participation of individual nations. Their hikes led to another round of citizens is encouraged in planning and pol­ tariff increases and more retaliation. This FOUNDATIONS: TAX-FREE POLITICS icy making. action and reaction intensified and pro­ Dall Forsythe, staff assistant, $6,390 for a longed the worldwide slump in economic four-month study of the changes that have activity. HON. JOHN R. RARICK occurred in participation by citizens in po­ Today many of our foreign customers, es­ OF LOUISIANA litical processes, especially in the nominating pecially those in Western Europe already IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES processes of the Democratic party. operating complex, non-tariff trade restric­ Earl Graves, staff assistant, •19,500 for a tions that limit our potential export volume. Thursday, February 20, 1969 six-month study of opportunities for black They do it mainly to protect their own farm­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, while our citizens to engage in small business in the ers from internal competition. It would take sons are used as sacrificial lambs for United States. only a modest tightening of these restric­ Thomas Johnston, assistant, $10,190 for a tions to deeply cut into U.S. farm exports. $185 per month in a no-win war against study of the feasibllity of a national or in­ When one nation retaliates against an­ Communist aggression-and tileir par­ ternational newspaper transmitted by tele­ other, the burden of reprisal falls on indus­ ents labor under the highest taxes ever vision. tries and sectors other than the one that saddled on the American people--the Adam Wallnsky, legislative assistant, $22,- gains the initial ~>rotection. Unfortunately, tax-exempt Ford Foundation has felt 200 for a six-month study of community the protecting nation cannot select the sec­ impelled to find ''a suitable expression of self-determination, self-control and self­ tors that will take the counter blow. This improvement, with special attention to par­ is left to the discretion of the retaliatory. sympathy" over the death of a politician, and has awarded eight of his former po­ ticular urban areas and experiments in East­ But usually the revenge will fall on export ern European countries. industries that generally are among the most litical staff members grants totaling over Frank Mankiewicz, press secretary, $15,692 eftlcient in the country. So more jobs may $131,000. for studies of the effects of Peace Corps be lost and more resources idle from the re­ President Bundy would justify this community development projects in Latin taliatory effect that have been sustained by featherbedding maneuver with an alibi American and Carribean countries. the protection. that the grants are merely to help "ease Bell wrote in reply to questions by Pat­ So, I again call your attention to the the transition between public and private m an that the qualifications of recipients had life." been reviewed under the foundation's nor­ fact that we are now engaged in a bat­ mal procedures and the costs of their pro­ tle to offset the attempt by the EEC to Just think what $131,000, or even a grams calculated in the usual way. strike a severe blow at one of our great­ part of it, would mean to any of our dis­ "The only unusual feature of these cases est sources of renewable wealth-agri­ tricts back home. is that all of the individuals were associated culture. While we are in the midst of This discrimination in favor of spe­ with one m an," he said. this battle, we should not compromise cial-interest groups and against the tax­ "It seems generally recognized that Sen. our capability to win by asking for a p ~ying citizen is the reason I introduced Kennedy had gathered around him a staff of concession in the form of a voluntary in the 90th Congress and have reintro­ great ablllty and energy, a staff which was textile agreement. cast adrift through Sen. Kennedy's sudden duced House Resolution 39 to establish and terrible death. By asking for this concession, we limit a Select Committee To Investigate Tax­ "We believed that certain of these men our offensive action and invite the world Free Foundations. qualified for the foundation's travel and to name its price-and from experience I include several news reports and the study awards, that their talents, through you and I know that when the United text of House Resolution 39, as follows: service to an important public figure, had February .21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4173 made a significant contribution to the life and the subsequent election of Carl B. Stokes documents, as it deems necessary. Subpenas of the country, and might continue to be as mayor. may be issued under the signature of the applied to the public well-being ... and Of the grants to CORE and others-total­ chairman of the committee or any member of that their collective association with sen. ing $475,000 in two years-Bundy said voter the committee designated by him, and may Kennedy ought not to prevent recognition registration was the smallest of the programs be served by any person designated by such of their individual promise." aided. Moreover, he said, arrangements were chairman or member. made to have a special consultant to make The committee shall report to the House (From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, sure the activities aided did not overlap into as soon as practicable during the present Feb. 20, 1969) any actual political campaign. Congress the results of its investigation and "We accepted our responsibility to help pa­ study, together with such recommendations BUNDY DEFENDS FoRD GRANTS AS SHOW OF as it deems advisable. Any such report which R. F. K. SYMPATHY trol that boundary," he said. In prepared testimony, Bundy said pro­ is made when the House is not in session (By Shirley Elder) posals t o restrict the stock holdings of foun­ shall be filed with the Clerk of the House. McGeorge Bundy said today that the Ford dat ions might impede several social action Foundation, which he heads, was searching programs his institution is considering. He for a suitable expression of sympathy over also said the proposal to limit foundation the death of Sen. Robert F. Kennedy last holdings to no more than 20 percent of the ISRAEL TELLS ARABS TO BLOCK year when it decided to award $131,000 in stock of any one company would have pre­ GUERRILLAS travel grants to eight of the senator's for­ vented establishment of the Ford Foundation mer aides. and several others. These were men of special promise who If the limit were imposed now, Bundy HON. JAMES G. FULTON had suffered a special blow, Bundy told the said, programs now under consideration by House Ways and Means Committee, which Ford to stimulate business in ghettos, pro­ OF PENNSYLVANIA is probing tax-free foundations. And he said vide jobs in the South and assist construc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he felt the awards fit Ford's basic charter tion of integrated housing might be im­ Thursday, February 20, 1969 role. peded. "The number (of grants) was unusual," However, Bundy told the committee, the Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. Bundy said. "The case was unusual. The Ford Foundation, which is worth $3.5 billion, Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ quality of the (Kennedy) staff was unusual. hopes as a matter of "prudent investment marks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ And I expect the results to be good." policy" to reduce its holdings of Ford Motor Rep. John Byrnes of Wisconsin, the com­ lowing article from the Washington, Co. stock to less than 20 percent of the firm's D.C., Evening Star of February 19, 1969: mittee's top Republican, asked "whether we total stock by 1971. haven't gone a little too far in this area." When the foundation was started, 90 per­ The United States moved quickly on sev­ Bundy defined the action as fully justi­ cent of its financing was a gift from the auto eral fronts today to head off Israeli retalia­ fied. He said the "fundamental protection" company. tion for the Arab attack on an El Al airliner against abuses is the public accountability "We don't own more than 20 percent,'' he in Zurich yesterday. of foundation expenditures. said, but "this has nothing to do with con­ In a strong statement, the State Depart­ Explaining the Kennedy staff grants, trol" of the firm since it is in nonvoting ment said that the United States will raise Bundy started with the first of last spring's stock. "this general matter" at the council meet­ two tragic deaths, the assassination of Dr. ing Monday in Montreal of the International Martin Luther King Jr. in April. Ford Found­ A better guarantee against foundations Civil Aviation Organization, the special ation officials discussed what to do and de­ getting too involved in profit-making busi­ United Nations agency dealing with air cided to continue a grant to King's Southern nesses would be to set up an independent board of trustees, rather than "a prohibition traffic. Christian Leadership Conference and to give Department spokesman Robert J. McClos­ $8,000 for a compilation of the King papers. of equity hearings," Bundy testified. key said the United States hopes to have a When Kennedy was killed, Bundy said, the The investigation into tax exemptions for "specific proposal" ready for action. He also same questions were raised. There was all charitable foundations, is being con­ tied this latest shooting with another prob­ nothing to offer the family but sympathy and ducted by the House Ways and Means Com­ lem closer to home-the hijacking of Amer­ concern, he said, and, looking to Ford's long mittee as part of a comprehensive study of ican commercial airliners to Cuba. tradition of individual grant s, decided on tax reform. On the Arab-Israeli situation, the State the eight awards to the Kennedy st aff. At yesterday's session, Chairman Wilbur Department also announced that Israeli Min­ He said the men are unusually talented, Mills of Arkansas said he wants to explore ister Shlomo Argov met this morning with dedicated, devoted and concerned citizens­ with each foundation the question of Joseph Sisco, assistant secretary of state for "what were they going to do?" whether conditions have changed since the middle eastern affairs. The foundation action also won support tax breaks first were acquired. During the meeting at the State Depart­ from Rep. Hugh Cary, D-N.Y., who praised ment, Sisco is understood to have explained the Kennedy staff as "uncommonly intelligent H. RES. 39 the American initiative, leaving the "impli­ and industrious." All served at salaries lower R esolved, That there is hereby created a cation" that the United States does not want than they could have gotten elsewhere, he select committee to be composed of nine Israel to blame Lebanon for the Arab attack said, and all had received lucrative offers Members of the House of Representatives on an Israeli jet at Athens in December. after Kennedy's death. to be appointed by the Speaker, one of Israeli commandos subsequently struck The grants were not rewards, but rather whom he shall designate as chairman. Any Beirut's International Airport and destroyed assistance so they could continue to serve vacancy occurring in the membership of the 13 Lebanese planes. their country, he said. committee shall be filled in the same man­ Carmel said the hijack of an El AI plane Bundy, a friend of the Kennedy circle, ner in which the original appointment was to Algeria last July and the attacks in served as a high-level adviser to both Presi­ made. Athens and Zurich all originated, in Israel's dents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. John­ The committee is authorized and directed view, from Lebanon. He said the Popular son. to conduct a full and complete investigation Front for the Liberation of Palestine took Bundy also told the committee that a num­ and study of organizations which have been full credit for the Swiss incident in a state­ ber of congressmen and an aide to former granted exemptions from Federal income ment published in Beirut yesterday. President Lyndon B. Johnson had received taxes under section 501(c) of the Internal "The responsibility for such acts is not four grants at various times. The aide, Joseph Revenue Code of 1954, for the purpose of only with the perpetrators but with the Arab Califano, got $12,000, he said. determining whether such organizations states in which these acts are being planned Bundy said the congressmen generally re­ comply with the provisions of such section, and where the terrorists are being equipped,'' ceived travel grants to attend international and whether modification of such provisions Carmel said. meetings or to inspect urban centers. would be in the public interest by restoring He warned of "complete chaos among the Rep. James Burke, D-Mass., asked whether to taxable revenue the incomes presently airways of the Middle East unless" the at­ such grants might influence votes and de­ declared tax free. tacks are halted, and added: "Safeguarding manded the names of all congressmen who For the purpose of carrying out this resolu­ air safety is important not only to Israel but have accepted such money. tion the committee, or any subcommittee the Arabs and all the Arab airlines who want Bundy said he would supply them later. thereof authorized by the committee to hold to keep their routes open. They should take Bundy said the grants are not designed to hearings, is authorized to sit and act during immediate action." "buy votes." He said the projects are seen the present Congress at such times and Carmel had hinted earlier that there might as "educational" and in the public inter­ places within the United States, whether the be retaliation for the machine gunning of El est. House is in session, has recessed, or has ad­ Al's Boeing 720 at Zurich's airport. Six per­ Without waiting for specific questions, journed, to hold such hearings, and to re­ sons aboard the plane were wounded. Of the Bundy defended contributions to the Con­ quire, by subpena or otherwise, the attend­ four raiders, one was shot dead and the gress of Racial Equality and others in Cleve­ ance an,d testimony of such witnesses and others, including a woman were arrested. land. Rep. Wright Patman, D-Tex., had sug­ the production of such books, records, cor­ The transport minister told the Tel Aviv gested a link between the Cleveland grants respondence, memorandums, papers, and newspaper Maariv: "The Arab governments 4174 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 who·are concerned with preserving the inter­ first-class compartment and ·cockpit, shatter­ -There is no doubt that the citizens of national airlinks of their countries would do ing the instrument panel, navigational and our land are a prime target for the smut well to hold back the saboteurs, and thus radio equipment. peddlers whether here or abroad. The avoid the deterioration and destruction of The Amman communique identified the the airways of the Middle East." four guerrillas as Amina Dahbour, a 25-year­ veteran newsman of the Chicago Trib­ The U.S. State Department and U.N. Secre­ old woman schoolteacher from IsraeU-oc­ une, Willard Edwards, cited the case tary-General U Thant condemned the Arab cupied Gaza; Ibrahim Tewfik, a laborer from of a Paris publisher of pornographic attack in Zurich, and Thant expressed hope Haifa, Israel's chief port; Abdel Mohsen Has­ books who came to the United States and there would be no reprisal. But leading sa n , a driver from Lydda, ln central Israel, observed there seems to be an endless de­ Israeli newspapers promised retaliation. and Mohn.med Abu el Haja, a laborer from mand for the stuff. The question of how The semiofficial newspaper Lemerhav de­ Nazareth, which also is in Israel. best to approach the problem was spelled clared: "The sabotage of airways cannot be I t was not known here which one was one-sided. The Israeli security authorities killed. out by Mr. Edwards in his column of must reach the proper conclusions with re­ On the Israeli political front, informed February 18, entitled "Flow of Smut Re­ gard to this extension of Arab terror." sources said Premier Levi Eshkol had averted mains Issue for Congress," which I in­ Hayom, published by the rightwing Gahal a crisis in his Labor party by hinting that sert in the RECORD at this point: party said Israel "must react because her he was considering resigning. F LOW OF SMUT REMAINS ISSUE FOR neighbors understand no other language." It began when Newsweek magazine quoted CONGRESS The guerrlllas opened up on the El AI him as saying Israel does not seek "any part (By Willard Edwards) Boeing 720 from behind a snowbank yester­ of the settled area of Jordan's west bank," day as it taxied down a runway at Zurichs and right-wing parties in the government WASHINGTON, February 17.-A Paris pub­ Kloten airport to take off for Tel Aviv. Six coalition were angered at this implied hint of lisher of pornographic books, on a recent of the 27 persons aboard, most of them territorial concessions to the Arabs and other visit to the United States, said he expected Israelis, were wounded. Labor party leaders were critical of Eshkol's to clean up 5 million dollars in six months The most seriously injured were trainee handling of the situation. and exulted: · pilot Yoran Peres, hit in the abdomen by But when Eshkol let it be known he was "There seems to be an endless demand for three bullets. He was reported out of danger getting "fed up," the dissenters quickly the stuff." following an emergency operation at the persuaded him to stay on as premier, fearing His statement could not be disputed. Por­ Zurich Cantonal Hospital. Defense Minister Moshe Dayan might get a nography is a billion dollar a year business ISRAELI, THREE ARABS HELD crack at the job. Most Labor party leaders in the United States. st rongly oppose Dayan. Why doesn't Congress do something about Zurich police said an Israeli security agent it? There is no issue coxnmanding greater jumped from the plane through an emer­ indignation. But. over the Yea-rs. anti-ob­ gency hatch after the first burst of fire and scenity laws invariably get caught up in killed one of the attackers with a shot emotional controversy. They create fears of through the head from his automatic pistol. WITHDRAWING APPELLATE JURIS­ censorship, of infringement of the first Swiss firemen raced to the scene and ar­ DICTION FROM THE U.S. SU­ amendment's guarantee of freedom of ex­ rested the other three Arabs. They said they PREMECOURT pression. had to overpower the Israeli agent "other­ The temptation, for example, is to predict wise he would have killed the others as well." swift passage at this session of one new The Israeli and the three Arabs were in HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK measure. It would impose jail sentences on custody today and were to appear before an OF OHIO peddlers of obscene materials who knowing­ examining magistrate. It was assumed the ly use the mails to poison the minds of Israeli agent would plead self-defense. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES children. Sources at Bern, where the Swiss cabinet -Thursday, February 20, 1969 met to discuss the incident, said Israel was President Nixon has strongly indorsed expected to file an early request for the ex­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, yes­ such a bill and promised vigorous enforce­ tradition of the three Arabs. But legal ex­ terday I introduced H.R. 7201, a bill to ment of it. In the few days of the present perts there said Switzerland is virtually cer­ session, scores of measures with a similar ob­ amend title 18 and title 28 of the United jective have been introduced. Even the Su­ tain to reject this, because the Swiss legal States Code with respect to the trial and code stipulates jurisdiction over crimes com­ preme court, often split on definitions of mitted in the country. review of criminal actions involving ob­ obscenity for adults, has nodded its approval Police said the attackers also hurled in­ scenity. It will be remembered that last of laws to protect children's minds from cendiary bombs and hand grenades at the year the subject of Supreme Court deci­ pornography. plane, but they failed to explode. Three par­ sions in the area of obscenity and por­ FILTH MERCHANTS AREN,T TOO WORRIED cels of plastic explosives were found in the nography had arisen during the Senate And yet, experience dictates caution ln Arabs' rented car. hearings on the confirmation of Justice forecasting enactment of even this limited Soon after the attack on the Amsterdam­ Abe Fortas for the position of Chief Jus­ legislative proposal. The merchants of filth Tel Aviv flight, the Popular Front for the tice. Citizens for Decent Literature, a are not too worried. Liberation of Palestine, a pro-Marxist guer­ 10-year-old organization of citizens con­ Nearly 100 years ago, Congress banned ob­ rllla group based in Jordan, issued a com­ scenity from the malls. But the definition munique assuming "full responsibility" for cerned about the enforcement of ob­ of obscenity has been enveloped in a maze the attack. It said the raid was in reprisal scenity and pornography statutes, had for "brutality and torture" committed on of legal cobwebs. The Supreme court has its three lawyers review Supreme Court seemed unwilling to find any material illicit Arab civilians by Israel authorities in oc­ decisions in this area during 1966 and cupied territory. that is sold to adults although, as noted, it 1967. The results of the review proved now concedes states the constitutional right PFLP is the same group that claimed credit to be a real eye-opener. In 1967, for in­ for the hijacking of an El AI plane over the to protect juvenile minds. Mediterranean last July 23 and the shooting stance, the highest court of the land re­ In recent years, Congress has been able to up of an El AI airliner in Athens Dec. 26. versed 23 of the 26 State and Federal agree on only two approaches to the prob­ The latter, in which one passenger was killed, obscenity determinations. The com­ lem, both modest and tentative. prompted the Israeli raid on Beirut. munity standards of 13 States were up­ The first step was establishment in Octo­ Foreign Minister Abba Eban said the set. Eight findings of fact by juries were ber, 1967, of a Coxnmisslon on Obscenity and . Zurich attack "demonstrated -the murderous reversed. Thus, while the Court in the . Pornography, hea~ed by William B. Lock­ characteristics" of Arab guerrilla organiza­ hart, dean, University of Minnesota school Roth decision in 1957 emphasized the of law. It's 18 members were directed to tions, encouraged by the "atm~phere of. criterion of contemporary community compassion demonstrated toward these or­ study the tramc in obscenity, its effect on _ ganizations after the Athens attack." He said_ standards in obscenity cases, the same inlnors, and to recommend legislative or that the U.N. Security Council "issued not Court since that time has struck down other action to regulate such tramc "with­ one word of condemnation of the Athens decisions of juries and State courts at an out interfering with constitutional rights." attack." alarming rate. The coxnmission, however, is not required Eban pointedly added that "it will be sur­ to report its findings until Jan. 31, 1970. Its The purpose of H.R. 7201 is to return existence may be used by some legislators prising and astonishing if the conscience of to the States and localities the right to the world is not aroused by this attack on to argue for delay on congressional action the lives of civllians, on freedom of flight and make a determination of fact as to what this year. t he sovereignty of a neutral and peace-loving is obscene. The appellate jurisdiction of LAW TO CONTROL SMUT IN MAILS country," meaning Switzerland. the Federal courts is withdrawn in this The second step was passage last April 15 Swiss police said the guerrillas used Soviet area, although it must be remembered o~ a law which pennitted householders to Kalashnikov submachine guns. About 50 bul­ that a constitutional issue can still be protest the flow of obscene mall, mostly ad­ lets hit the Boeing, mostly in the forward decided by the Supreme Court. vertising, into their homes. They could notify February 21, 1969 EX-TENSIONS OF REMARKS 4175 local postal inspectors to direct mailers to and to determine whether statutory de1ln1- of the importance of the issue it should remove theb: names and addresses from mail­ tions acceptable bounds of decency within be given consideration and voted up or ing lists. It the mall continued, the attorney their communities, and are as qualified to do general could be requested to seek- a court so as are the justices_ of the United _States down. order. Continued violations woUld subject the Supreme Court; and I include the text of H.R. 7201 in the mailer to contempt of court citations and Whereas, The United States Supreme Court RECORD at this point: penalties. has shown a deplorable lack of judicial re­ H.R. 7201 The response of an outraged citizenry was straint in failing to respect the wisdom and A bill to amend title 18 and title 28 of the evidence of nation wide resentment. The post judgment of the Courts of the respective United States Code with respect to the office was flooded with complaints at the states and the United States Courts of AP­ trial and review of criminal actions involv­ rate of 12,500 a month. More than 95,000 peals and in undermining the efforts of re­ ing obscenity, and for other purposes prohibitory orders were issued. sponsible state and local law-making and Yet this was no more than a tap on the law enforcement officials to protect their Be it enacted by the Senate and House wrist to the big business of pornography communities from the inroads of purveyors of Representatives of the United States of which sends 100 million pieces of material of pornography and perversion and has sub­ America in Congress assembled, That (a) thru the United States mails each year. stituted the subjective personal views of chapter 71, title 18, United States Code, is Two congressional leaders, Sen. Dirksen some of the justices for the conclusions of amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section: [R., lll.] and Sen. Mike Mansfield [D., Mont.] the state Supreme Court and the United and Rep. John M. Ashbrook [R., 0.], believe States Courts of Appeals; and "§ 1466. DETERMINATIONS OF FACT one solution is to limit the Supreme court's Whereas, The various opinions of the jus­ "In every criminal action arising under this appellate jurisdiction in obscenity cases. The tices of the United States Supreme Court on chapter or under any other statute of the high court then could no longer reverse the the subject of the control of pornography United States determination of the question factual findings of a jury in obscenity cases. have been confusing and conflicting, so that, whether any article, matter, thing, device, or This proposal has appeal to many In Con­ they have left the law in a state of uncer­ substance is in fact obscene, lewd, lascivious, gress eager to assail the Supreme court on tainty and have furnished no reliable guides indecent, vile, or filthy shall be made by the any plane. But waging a legislative war to local officials who are responsible for jury, without comment by the court upon against pornography on this basis will in­ maintaining decency in their communities; the weight of the evidence relevant to that volve a protracted struggle. Less provocative and question, unless the defendant ha-s waived measures like the children's antiobscenity act Whereas, the alarming increase of even trial by jury." could get lost in the scutne. bolder and more vicious pornography (b) The section analysis of that chapter is throughout this state and nation, and the amended by inserting at the end thereof the Mr. Speaker, an indication of the helplessness of responsible local officials ef­ following new item: severity of the issue can be gleaned from fectively to protect their people from it be­ "1466. Determinations of fact.". the fact that both the Democratic and cause of the United States Supreme Court SEc. 2. (a) Title 28, United States Code, is Republican leaders of the Senate, Sen­ opinions, demonstrate conclusively that the amended by adding at the end thereof the ators MANSFIELD and DIRKSEN, submitted United States Supreme Court should not following new chapter: bills similar to H.R. 7201. Both Senators exercise jurisdiction over such matters; now, "CHAPTER 176--ACTIONS INVOLVING OBSCENITY therefore, commented on the merits of this partic­ Be it resolved by the Senate and the House "Sec. ular approach in their remarks on the of Representatives of the Eighty-sixth Gen­ "3001. Judicial review. Senate floor on September 18, 1968. eral Assembly of the State of Tennessee, That "§ 3001. JUDICIAL REVIEW Both the Senate and House of Rep­ the General Assembly of the state of Ten­ " (a) In any criminal action arising under resentatives of the State of Tennessee nessee does hereby memorialize the Congress any statute of the United States for the approved a resolution in January of this of the United States to exercise its power, prosecution of any person for the possession, pursuant to Article III, Section 2 of the sale, dissemination, or use of any obscene, year which endorses the withdrawal of lewd, lascivious, indecent, vile, or filthy ar­ appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme United States Constitution, to limit the ap­ pellate jurisdiction of the United States ticle, matter, thing, device, or substance, no Court in the area of obscenity. The text Supreme Court, so that, it shall have no court of the United States or of the District of the resolution is as follows: power to review any decision of the courts of Columbia shall have jurisdiction to review, SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 8 of the several states or of any United States reverse, or set aside a determination made by Court of Appea.Is in any case involving the a jury on the question whether such article, A resolution to memorialize the Congress of matter, thing, device, or substance is in fact 'the United States to exercise its power, regulation, control, censorship or prohibition of the sale, distribution, display or presenta­ obscene, lewd, lascivious, indecent, vile, or pursuant to Article IT!, Section 2 of the filthy. United States Constitution, to limit the tion of any printed matter, photograph, appellate jurisdiction of the United States drawing, printing, moving picture film, re­ "(b) In any criminal action arising under any statute of any State or under any law of Supreme Court relative to its review of any cording or performance, where such regula­ decisions of the courts of the several states tion, control, censorship or prohibition Is any political subdivision of any State for the or of any United States Court of Appeals exercised on the ground that same is porno­ prosecution of any person for the possession, in cases inrolving the regulation, control, graphic or obscene. sale, dissemination, or use of any obscene, censorship or prohibition of the sale, dis­ Be it further resolved, That this resolu­ lewd, lascivious, indecent, vile, or filthy ar­ tribution, display or presentation of any tion be sent ·to the legislative assembly of ticle, matter, thing, device, or substance, no printed matter, photograph, drawing, print­ every other state in the union, and that they court of the United States shall have juris­ ing, moving picture film, recording or per­ be urged to join the state of Tennessee in diction to review, reverse, or set aside a de­ formance, where such regulation, control, petitioning the Congress for the passage of termination made by a court of such State censorship or prohibition is exercised on such legislation, to Testore to the States and on the question whether such article, matter, the ground that the same is pornographic the people thereof the power to protect thing, device, or substance is in fact obscene, or obscene themselves from the degrading effects of the lewd, lascivious, indecent, vile, or filthy." public display of pornography and obscenity. (b) The analysis of title 28, United States Whereas, the people of the State of Tennes­ Code, preceding part I thereof is amended by see deplore the filth and pornography which Adopted: January 16, 1969. FRANK L. GANELL, adding at the end thereof the following new now infests many of the theatres and news item: stands in this State; and Speaker of the Senate. WU..LIAM L. JENKINS, "176. Actions involving obscenity ____ 3001". Whereas, The prevalence of prurient films, Speaker of the House of Representatives. (c) The chapter analysis of part VI, title books, and magazines depicting depravity, Approved, January 17, 1969. pornography, and obscenity panders .to the 28, United States Code, is amended by add­ lowest elements in human nature and de­ BUFORD ELLINGTON, ing at the end thereof the following new praves the character of individuals and of Governor. item: the community; and Mr. Speaker, it is hoped that the ap­ "176. Actions involving obscenity ____ 3001". Whereas, The establishment and mainte­ pellate jurisdiction approach will receive nance of minimum standards of decency consideration in the U.S. House and Sen­ .within a community is, and of right ought to ate as it did in the State of Tennessee, be, the privilege and power of the people and hopefully will receive in other States. THE U.S. ECONOMY IN THE 1970'S of that community, acting within reason­ It seems almost useless to enact statutes able constitutional limits; and or to make judgments concerning ob­ HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONGE Whereas, The judicial determination of scenity at local and State levels if the wh~t constitutes legally defined pornography OF CONNECTICUT smut peddlers are assured of a reasons.ble and. o:Qscenity ls. in each case primarily a IN THE _HOUSE OF RE~RESENTATIVES ques.tion o.! fact, which ought to be decided chance of success at the Supreme Court by the court or jury whieh tries the · facts, level. Thursday, February 20, 1969 and such trial courts and juries are qualified I realize that there will be no lack of Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to to distinguish between art and pornography opposition to this proposal, but because commend to the attention of my col- 4176 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 leagues a very interesting article on the It was growing up to July at a rate of nearly sixties but for different reasons. The boom 7 per cent. In defense of the Board's alleged of the sixties was fueled by capital spend­ outlook for our economy in the 1970's. It ing. The boom of the seventies will stem is written by Laurence J. Ackerman, mistake, it was probably influenced by the need to assist the Treasury to finance the largely from the consumer. The two major president of the Norwich Savings So­ enormous budgetary deficits that were then forces will be governmental activities and the ciety, Norwich, Conn., in my congres­ im.min.ent. In addition there was the poten­ population changes. sional district. tial of an econolnic overkill from the fiscal Government spending on the federal and I have known Mr. Ackerman for many moves and the Board feared a recession local levels will expand considerably--espe­ years as a keen observer of economic rather than a mere slowing in the rate of cially in the areas of defense and social wel­ problems, and taught under him when expansion. fare. Despite a slowdown in the relative he was dean of the School of Business The 'Federal Reserve soon recognized this growth of the total population in the next miscalculation and instituted restrictive ten years, the young people coming into the Administration at the University of Con­ monetary policies by raising the discount labor market will accelerate tremendously. necticut. His views on the subject and rate and leaving unchanged the maximum These young adults have never known any­ his look ahead should be of considerable rates payable on certificates of deposit and thing but prosperity. They will spend and interest not only to the Congress, but also time deposits. borrow freely. These factors augur for a tre­ to those in the executive branch of our Since mid-summer there is evidence of mendous consumer boom in the seventies. Government dealing with economic this posture-the money supply has been in­ problems, as well as to economists, in­ creasing at only a 2 per cent to 3 per cent dustrialists, bankers, and business peo­ annual rate. All of this sets the stage for 1969. The CRIME RATES AND ARREST RATES ple generally. evidence seems to point to a less rapid The article reads as follows: economic pace. Retail sales while quite high NEARING THE 1970'S, ECONOMY SIGNS ARE h ave been edging down since mid-summer. HON. BERTRAM L. PODELL OUTSTANDING Summer spending should be dampened in OF NEW YORK the first half of 1969 (a) increased Social A tremendous boom in the Seventies is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES seen by Laurence J. Ackerman, president, Security tax collections begun in January; Norwich Savings Society in this look at the and (b) increased tax payments-or reduced Thursday, February 20, 1969 economy: Titled, A Glance Backward-A funds-to make up for the retroactive por­ Glance Forward, he reports: tion of the surtax yet to be paid. Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, during the In November the American electorate de­ The prospects for federal government recent campaign we heard a great deal cided that 1969 would be the year of political spending are reasonably within the realm about law and order. For some time now, transition. Will 1969 also be a year of eco­ of control in 1969. I have carefully studied crime rates in nomic transition-a movement from an over­ The expectations are for less upward my congressional district. Rates of arrest heated infiationary race to a less exuberant, thrust in federal expenditures in 1969 than shed further light on the problems of more sustainable rate of economic expansion. in any of the three preceding years. This flows from the legislated hold-down in crime and law enforcement. The years 196Q-1968 witnessed the greatest On December 3, 1968, I dealt with this and longest sustained economic boom in spending and to the prospects for a American history. Industrial production, Real significantly smaller rise in defense outlays, subject at a meeting in my district spon­ Gross National Product, corporate profits, even if the Vietnam war continues. sored by the Gerrittsen Beach Property interest rates, personal consumption ex­ On the State and local government scene, Owners Association. The text of my re­ penditures, all moved forward in an almost the vistas are gloomy. There seems to be no marks at that meeting follows: uninterrupted fashion. .end in sight for increased spending. In re­ sponse to the mounting pressure of popula­ CRIME RATES AND ARREST RATES In 1968 faced with a series of national and tion growth and demand for more and bet­ I am delighted to spend some time with international economic crises, two funda­ ter public services, outlays will rise at a sub­ you this evening. It has been my pleasure to mental moves were made by our national ad­ stantial rate. meet many of you in the course of my cam­ ministration to create economic normalcy. A In the business sector prospects for plant paign activities and at other community temporary tax increase was voted by Congress and equipment expenditures are surprisingly meetings. It is interesting how you run into and governmental spending cuts were or­ strong. The McGraw Hill survey suggests a the same faces at different civic meetings. dered. As a result of these steps, economists rise of 8 per cent for 1969. It proves that those who take seriously their forecast a cooling-off of the economy by mid- Over all the nation's total output of goods responsibilities as citizens find the time to 1968. The predictions turned out to be wrong. and services should rise by some 6 per cent engage in a variety of civic improvement The economy failed to slow down. Two major in 1969, a considerably slower rate of growth projects. reasons were offered for this unexpected re­ than the 9 per cent for 1968. As citizens of this community, you have sult. The proposed government cut proved What about interest rates? With the more every reason to be concerned about crime and illusory. stringent monetary policy of the Federal Re­ narcotics. The budget deficit was predicted at 5 serve and the demand for funds from the During the first nine months of this year, billion. It will be closer to 12 billion. But the private sector of the economy at a high rate, the people of this Congressional District were big kicker was the American consumer. His interest rates will continue to be high. the victims of 17,118 major crimes used by reaction to higher taxes since July has In fact some are asking: will we have a the F.B.I. Crime Index. And these are major been to go on a spending spree fueled by a credit crunch like 196~? The general feeling crimes: murder and nonnegligent man­ reduction in his savings and an increase in is that we will not experience such a severe slaughter, forcible rape, robbery, assault, bur­ his debts. The business and financial com­ test again. The monetary base has grown glary, larceny of $50 and over, and motor munity has, in turn, reacted to this consumer substantially as pointed out previously. vehicle theft. stance by betting on continued inflation and The result is that more money and credit That total nine month figure of 17,118 by behaving accordingly. are available although admittedly at high such major crimes reported may not mean The failure of a tighter fiscal policy­ rates. Further, financial institutions are much, unless you break it down into small federal budget cutting and increased tax~s­ more liquid than they were in 1966. To sum components. In September, a typical month, to slow the expansion in the economy up on interest rates, they may recede mod­ 1905 such major crimes were reported in our has pointed up the division between the two estly from their current peaks but it seems district. During this month, the people in predominant schools of economic theory. unreasonable to expect any major decline. this congressional district suffered 24 lar­ The followers of the so-called "new eco­ The mortgage market should benefit from cenies of $50 and over every 24 hours; we nomics" regard fiscal policy as the most the slight easing of general financial pres­ were the victims of 19 burglaries and 16 au­ direct and potent method to regulate the sure. There should be mortgage money but tomobile thefts every day. In its simplest economy. the interest rates should continue at their form, 2 and one-half major crimes were com­ In opposition to this group are the mone­ present level. mitted here every hour. tary theorists who argue that monetary Fueled by the combustible mixture of Nor do these statistics tell the whole story policy especially changes in the supply of available funds and a substantial backlog of crime. In the first place, they deal with money represents the dominant econolnic in­ of unsatisfied housing demands, residential only seven crime categories. For example, the fluence. This latter group claims that a prime building should be on the upbeat. This is sale and use of narcotics is not included in reason for the failure of the fiscal restraints so despite high land and construction costs. those categories; nor is vandalism, arson, and to brake the economy decisively was the com­ Most of the action will be in the multi-faintly a great many other crimes. paratively easy monetary policy that the sector to satisfy the demands for rental units Moreover, these statistics deal only with Federal Reserve Board followed during the by our increasing number of younger and "reported" crime. But a great many crimes first half of 1968. older households. are committed and not reported. If any of The Board perlnitted the money supply What does the econolnic crystal ball hold you have been the victims of a crime and (currency outside banks plus demand de­ for the next decade-the seventies. Our guess reported the incident, you might well de­ posits) to expand rapidly In most of 1968. is a spectacular prosperity silnilar to the cide not to report such a second time. February 21, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4177 In brief, this could well be your experi­ More policemen on the street will deter worked as an ambulance driver for the Mac­ ence. Your car is stolen and you report it. cl"ime. Donald Ambulance Service. The police catch the thief. You have to go A greater proportion of arrests will deter ENLISTED LAST JUNE to the police precinct to sign a complaint. crime. You have to go to a grand jury meeting. You Streamlined procedures in our courts will Besides his parents, Corporal Kline is sur­ go to court, and the case is adjourned. You deter crime. vived by a sister, Mrs. Lester Crawford, of come to court a second time, and the case I suggest, too, that there must be greater Eckhart, Md., and a grandfather, Joseph is adjourned a second time. In the mean­ discipline in our society. The papers this Kline, of Wiley Ford, W. Va. while you lose time from your work, or you morning were filled with stories of bands of Private Taylor was also killed by mortar are forced to neglect your business. The students rampaging through the streets. That fire during an attack on his defensive posi­ case finally comes to trial, and much to your was hardly surprising. tion near the formerly demilitarized zone surprise, the defendant is permitted to plead Over the week-end, members of the so­ in Quang Tri province. He died February 11. guilty to petty larceny, winds up with a slap called governing board of Ocean Hill pub­ A graduate of Hampstead Hlll Junior High on the wrist, and he is back on the streets, licly announced that they would seize J.H.S. School, he worked as a gas station attendant ready to resume his criminal career. By the 271-an act which falls little short of the before enlisting in the Marines in June, 1968. time you get finished, you are no longer firing on Fort Sumter, that began the Civil He was sent to Vietnam 55 days ago. sure whether you or the defendant is the War. I don't know how you can teach law According to his brother, Edward, Private criminal. Many crime victims choose not to and order, and respect for authority, to Taylor's letters home conveyed the general go through this experience twice. young people, when adults take the lead in impression "that he was confident of what law breaking. And it will be interesting to he was doing and not afraid." The commission of the crime is one side Besides his mother and brother, he is sur­ of the story. The other side is to catch a observe what penalties will be imposed on vived by two sisters, Barbara Taylor and thief. Unfortunately, we do not have arrest those who seized J.H.S. 271, and drove out Judy Taylor, both of Baltimore. figures for this district; nor do I know a State appointed administrator for the school district. Sergeant Hettinger died from wounds re­ whether they may be meaningful. ceived in an encounter with the enemy Feb­ A person who commits a crime in this In the face of those events, responsible ruary 9 eleven days before his 21st birthday. District could be arrested for it elsewhere. parents and community leaders are confront­ He enlisted in the Army January 30, 1968. And a person can be arrested in this district ed by an extremely difficult time to preserve He received his basic trainlng at Fort Bragg for a crime committed elsewhere. law and order. Yet it is a task to which we and his advanced infantry training at Fort But we do have statistics for the city as must dedicate ourselves, if our social struc­ Lewis and attended non-commissioned offi­ a whole. In September a total of slightly ture is to function properly and peacefully. cer's school at Fort Benning. He was sent to ·over 43,000 major crimes were reported in I know that those of you here tonight, and Vietnam December 30, 1968. New York City. During the same month, there people throughout this neighborhood will Sergeant Hettinger was a graduate of Ken­ were only about 18,000 arrests in the city. do all we can to protect the quail ty of life wood High School and attended Essex Com­ Putting it another way, 1f you are mugged in our community. on your way home from this meeting, the munity College before enlisting. chances are two to one that they will never According to his mother, Sergeant Het­ catch the mugger. tinger was a car enthusiast and spent "two The odds in favor of the criminal are, whole years" building a dragster. in fact, much better than that. The arrest TWO MARINES, GI SLAIN IN VIET­ Besides his mother, he is survived by two figures include persons arrested for felonies, NAM-HETI'INGER, KLINE, AND brothers, Frederick Hettinger, ot Oliver misdemeanors, and other violations. The Beach, and Walter Hettinger, a senior at the TAYLOR ADDED TO STATE'S Johns Hopkins University. crimes included in the FBI index are mainly LOSSES felonies. In September, only 5,400 felony arrests were made, as against 43,000 major crimes reported. So the chances of a criminal HON. CLARENCE D. LONG U.S.-RHODESIA FOREIGN POLICY · being arrested for one of these major crimes DISAPPROVED are approximately eight to one in his favor. OF MARYLAND And his chances of being convicted and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES winding up in jail are very slim. As you can Thursday, February 20, 1969 HON. JOHN R. RARICK see, there is not much truth in the rumor OF LOUISIANA that crime doesn't pay. Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES With the odds so much in favor of the Marine Cpl. Mark L. Kline, Marine Pfc. criminal, it becomes hardly surprising to find Thursday, February 20, 1969 narcotics pushers openly conducting their Michael P. Taylor, and Army Sgt. Robert ·dirty business in the streets of our neighbor­ L. Hettinger, three fine young men from Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, a private hoods particularly near schools. Maryland, were killed recently in Viet­ poll has been conducted among U.S. citi­ It is a tragic fact that the number of nar­ nam. I wish to commend their courage zens relative to our highly unpopular cotics users is increasing among people in all and honor their memory by including the foreign policy against the Government social and economic levels. What is partic­ following article in the RECORD: of Rhodesia. ularly tragic is the sharp increase in drug abuse among young people. Two MARINES, GI SLAIN IN VIETNAM­ I think most of our colleagues will find Before I became a Congressman, I served as HETTINGER, KLINE, AND TAYLOR ADDED TO the poll report of interest and I insert chairman of the New York State Joint Legis­ STATE'S LOSSES the results at this point in the RECORD: lative committee on penal institutions. In Two marines and an Army sergeant from HIGH-LEVEL AMERICANS APPEAL TO DISAPPROVE that capacity I had a unique opportunity Maryland have been killed in Vietnam, the U.S.-RHODI.DIA POLICY Defense Department announced yesterday. to observe at first hand the extent of in­ By percentages ranging from 74.9 percent creased use of drugs and the tragic con­ They were: Marine Cpl. Mark L. Kline, 20, son of Mr. to 99.9 percent, a national panel of American sequences of drug abuse. Our best estimates men and women whose attainments have indicate that there are 200,000 drug addicts and Mrs. Maynard 0. Kline, of 115 Arch street, Cumberland. been recognized in the leading business and in our city. professional directories disapprove the cur­ Commissioner Laurence W. Pierce, the Marine Pfc. Michael P. Taylor, 19, son of rent U.S. trade sanctions against Rhodesia, chairman of the States narcotic addiction Mrs. Cecelia Taylor, of 638 North Streeper and want our country to disentangle itself control commission, estimates that between street, Baltimore. from the Johnson administration's policy, 23,000 and 25,000 college students are placing Army Sgt. Robert L. Hettinger, 20, son of wherein it joined African nations and Brit­ their lives and their futures in jeopardy Mrs. Mabel R. Hettinger, of Oliver Beach, ain in UN condemnation of Rhodesia. through experimentation with drugs. And Baltimore county. During the first six weeks of 1969, the the use of drugs also leads to crime. Corporal Kline died February 13 from Long National Opinion Poll mailed intricate It is reliably estimated that New York City wounds received during an enemy mortar at­ two-page questionnaires to several thou­ addicts steal goods valued from half a billion tack in Quang Tri province near tile Laotian sands of prominent men and women in all ·to a billion dollars every year to feed their border. 50 states, asking them to respond with firm drug habit. This accounts for about 50 per- Corporal Kline, who was a leader of a rlfie "yes" or "no" answers to seven questions cent of all thefts in our city. · ·team, had enlisted in the Marines in Sep­ which summarized the current state of U.S. A great deal needs to be done arid can tember, 1967, and was sent to Vietnam April relations with Rhodesia. Respondents were be done to reduce crinie. Ch~arly we need a 1, 1968. asked to . study a situation summary, ~nd larger police force. Of a. total police force of · He was awarded the Purple Heart for then state their candid opinions, including approximately 30,000 only 4,000 are available shrapnel wounds he received in August, 1968. personal comments with reference to both for duty in any one shiit: That is a figure ., He was a graduate ·of Fort Hill High School situation and survey in their own hand­ recently made public by· Commissioner Ho- ·in Cumberland; whe!e he played vars!ty ~oot­ wr_iting. ward Leary. · · ball, baseball and track. After graduation he · With a response of over 20 percent tabu- 4178 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1969 lated and analyzed, preliminarily, as of Feb­ percent cities (100,000-1 million); 13.5 per­ has a right to specify voting requirement& ruary 14, W. H. Long, president of the re­ cent small towns (3-10,000); 10.7 percent in Rhodesia? No, 86.2 percent; Yes, 13.8 per­ search company conducting the poll-W. H. large cities (over 1 million); 5.8 percent cent. Long Marketing, Inc., Greensboro, N.C.­ farm-rural; 5 percent village (under 3,000). 6). Should the United States back UN stated that "opinions of these thinking Responses as of February 14 to the seven sanctions short of war that are intended to Americans, all people of distinguished at­ questions are: force Rhodesia to adopt black majority rule? tainments residing in over 250 communities, 1) . Should the United States support the No, 83.7 percent; Yes, 16.3 percent. are so overwhelmingly in favor of changing demand by some black-ruled nations for war 7). Should the United States refuse involve­ the government's present attitudes toward on Rhodesia to overthrow its Government ment in the demands of black-ruled nations, this country which has always been our and establish black majority rule there? No, the claims and counter-claims oj Britain and friend, that remaining response to the poll 99.8 percent; Yes, 0.2 percent. Rhodesia, steer clear of the whole issue, and will not alter the figures very much." 2). Should the United States aid the armed follow a policy oj friendliness toward all who Some idea of the quality and demographic bands of blacks, now being trained in Zambia are friendly with us? Yes, 81.7 percent; No, character of the poll may be seen in these by Chinese sent jrom Peking to organize 18.3 percent. figures: Over 85 percent of respondents col­ bombing and killing raids into Rhodesia? The polling firm, which believes polls taken lege-trained (32.7 percent with graduate de­ No, 99.9 percent; Yes, 0.1 percent. among decisionmakers and opinion leaders, grees, 31.9 percent with college degrees, 24.1 3). Should the United States demand that by mail, in their own homes, whereby they percent attended but did not graduate) . Al­ the UN impose on all nations the same one­ write in their own answers on a firm Yes-No most 50 principal occupations recorded (28.3 man one-vote conditions for voting in Rho­ basis, are more indicative of actual personal percent executives, 12.3 percent educators, desia, without regard jor literacy, that the beliefs than sidewalk or front-door polls, ex­ 11.3 percent each self-employed and house­ UN has prescribed for Rhodesia? No, 74.9 pressed itself as surprised with the great wives). Over 70 percent of respondents in percent; Yes, 25.1 percent. number of comments written on the survey vital 31-60 age groups that formed the vast 4). Should the United States halt its trade forms by respondents. Less than two-tenths majority of voters in 1966 and 1968 Con­ with all countries that have not adopted a of one percent of respondents noted they gressional elections. Over 85 percent church­ one-man one-vote standard for voting? No, thought the poll was biased in any manner. affiliated and over 88 percent own their 92.4 percent; Yes, 7.6 percent. It is expected that results of the poll will homes. Place-of-residence distribution: 36.6 5) • Should the United States back British be of keen interest to the new a.dministra­ percent towns (10- 100,000 population); 28.4 Prime Minister Wilson's claim that Britain tion, members of Congress and trade groups.