A Pulsar (Portmanteau of Pulsating Star) Is a Highly Magnetized, Rotating Neutron Star That Emits a Beam of Electromagnetic Radiation

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A Pulsar (Portmanteau of Pulsating Star) Is a Highly Magnetized, Rotating Neutron Star That Emits a Beam of Electromagnetic Radiation

What was the problem with the original Hubble mirror? The telescope mirror was distorted. Why the Hubble telescope has to operate in space? The atmospheric blurring affects the view on Earth just like ripples in water warp the objects below the surface. What fundamental interaction explains the formation of galaxies? Gravitational interaction. What are black holes? Singularities of space-time, where space is inﬁnitely curved. Their gravitational ﬁeld is so strong that nothing can escape from a black hole. What are worm holes? A wormhole, also known as an Einstein–Rosen bridge, is a hypothetical topological feature of spacetime that would be fundamentally a "shortcut" through spacetime. What is a quasar? What are quasars? A quasi-stellar radio source ("quasar", /ˈkweɪzɑr/) is a very energetic and distant active galactic nucleus. What is a pulsar? A pulsar (portmanteau of pulsating star) is a highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation. What are stellar nebulae? A nebula (from Latin: "cloud";[1] pl. nebulae or nebulæ, with ligature, or nebulas) is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. How do we observe gravitational lensing? A gravitational lens refers to a distribution of plates (such as a cluster of galaxies) between a distant source (a background galaxy) and an observer, that is capable of bending (lensing) the light from the source, as it travels towards the observer. This effect is known as gravitational lensing and is one of the predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. When and how the universe was born? In a process called Big Bang about 13.7 billion years ago. What is the future of the universe? The Big Rip — the expansion of the universe slowly accelerates..

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Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview Particle physics is the most fundamental science there is. It is the study of the ultimate constituents of matter (the elementray particles) and of how these particles interact with one another (the fundamental forces). The primary aim of this module is to introduce you to what people mean when they refer to the Standard Model of Particle Physics To do this we need to describe the very small (via quantum mechanics) and the very fast since when elementary particles move, they travel at or close to the speed of light (via special relativity). These requirements demand we work in the language of Quantum Field Theory(QFT). QFT as a subject is a huge (and rather advanced) subject in its own right but thankfully we will be able to use a prescriptive (and rather simple) approach to the QFT which is embodied in the Feynman Rules - for those who want to go further into the theoretical structure of the Standard Model see module PX430 - Gauge Theories of Particle Physics. It is a remarkable fact that, theoretically, the fundamental interactions derive from an invariance of the QFT with respect to certain internal symmetry transformations known as local gauge transformations. The resulting dynamical theories of electromagnetism, the weak interaction and the strong interaction and known respectively as Quantum Elec- trodynamics(QED), the electroweak (or Glashow-Weinberg-Salam) theory and Quantum Chromodynamics(QCD). It is this collection of local gauge theories which have become known as the Standard Model(SM). N.B. Gravity plays a negligible role in Particle Physics and a workable quantum theory of gravity does not exist.
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Three Dimensional Equation of State for Core-Collapse Supernova Matter
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Arxiv:2012.01441V2 [Quant-Ph] 10 Jun 2021
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