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Other Co-Operation Initiatives in the Mediterranean 6 Anexos ingles ES07:00 Med. en cifrasgraf 13/9/07 11:19 Página 359 Chronologies Other Cooperation Initiatives in the Mediterranean 1. NATO’s Mediterranean This occurred, for instance, in October Since 1997, the measures of practical Dialogue and the Istanbul 2001 following the September 11 at- cooperation for enhancing mutual trust Cooperation Initiative tacks and in 2004 to celebrate the ten are laid down in an annual Work Pro- Appendices years of the MD. The political dimen- gramme that comprises a wide range of In January 1994, in view of the positive sion of the Dialogue includes visits by security-related activities. results of the Peace process in the senior NATO officials to MD countries to At their Summit meeting in Istanbul in Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the heads of meet with their authorities and become 2004, NATO leaders committed to work state and government taking part in the more familiar with the objectives and towards making the MD a true Partner- Brussels NATO Summit called for a new priorities of each country. The practical ship and individualising priority areas in 2007 initiative geared toward Mediterranean dimension includes activities aimed at the document, “A more Ambitious and countries that were not NATO mem- planning for civil emergencies, crisis Expanded Framework for the Mediter- Med. bers. The main objective of the Mediter- management and border security, in ad- ranean Dialogue” aimed at enhancing ranean Dialogue (MD) was, and still is, dition to a military programme. The lat- political dialogue; developing defence to contribute to regional stability and ter includes the possibility for Mediter- system reforms and contributing to the security, improve the mutual under- ranean Partners to observe NATO’s fight against terrorism. standing between NATO and its Mediter- military exercises in the Partnership for In the context of change in relations be- ranean Partners, eliminate distorted im- Peace (PfP) framework, to attend sem- tween NATO and its Mediterranean part- 359 ages, prejudice and stereotypes of the inars and workshops and visit the Atlantic ners, the alliance is ready to start up a participating countries and strengthen re- Alliance’s military installations. Another new initiative to contribute to peace and gional relations. In February 1995, NATO tool for consolidating the practical di- security in the broader Middle East. The invited Egypt, Israel, Mauritania, Mo- mension of the Dialogue is the possibility Istanbul Cooperation Initiative (ICI) rocco and Tunisia to participate in the Di- of establishing Individual Cooperation promotes bilateral cooperation with in- alogue, which was expanded to Jordan Programmes (ICP) between NATO and terested countries in the Gulf area, be- in November 1995 and Algeria in 2000. each country. So far, only Israel is par- ginning with members of the Gulf This initiative also complements other in- ticipating to the individual programme, Cooperation Council (GCC). These ternational regional initiatives such as while Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan countries must subscribe to the initia- the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, the have expressed interest. tive’s aims, including combating terror- OSCE Euro-Mediterranean Initiative and From the outset, the NATO Mediter- ism and the proliferation of weapons of the 5+5 Dialogue. ranean Dialogue was progressive in mass destruction. Four countries are The Mediterranean Dialogue consists terms of participation and content. As a currently members of the ICI: Kuwait, of a political dialogue combined with result, the number of participant coun- Bahrain, Qatar and United Arab Emi- participation in specific activities. Polit- tries and the initiative’s contents have rates. ical consultations are conducted on both changed over the years. The relationship The ICI and MD are separate yet com- a bilateral (NATO+1) and multilateral between NATO and its Mediterranean plementary programmes, serving the (NATO+7) level, and on an ambassa- Partners is conceived as a joint owner- same purpose, namely to build increas- dorial level as well as by working groups. ship: the Alliance does not aim to impose ingly strong cooperative ties with coun- These meetings provide an opportuni- anything but instead offers its experi- tries in the Mediterranean and Middle ty to exchange points of view on a vari- ence and competence in security. East. Both programmes are based on ety of issues related to Mediterranean se- During the Madrid Summit in 1997, the common principles: non-discrimination curity, as well as on the development of Heads of State established a new po- (MD and ICI partners are offered the the Dialogue in political and cooperation litical body comprising NATO political ad- same basis for cooperation and nego- terms. NATO+7 meetings usually fol- visors: the Mediterranean Cooperation tiation with NATO), the possibility of low the summits of NATO Heads of Group (MCG). The MCG is responsible adapting the level and intensity of par- State and Government or are held in for the Mediterranean Dialogue under the ticipation to the specific needs of each the event of exceptional circumstances. supervision of the North Atlantic Council. country, non-imposition by NATO and 6 Anexos ingles ES07:00 Med. en cifrasgraf 13/9/07 11:19 Página 360 non-interference in the domestic affairs lations with Islamic parties and move- Helsinki Final Act, which included a of its partners. ments. Mediterranean chapter stating that se- • 2/3 July, Naples (Italy): Middle East- curity in Europe is closely linked with Chronology January 2006 – ern Conflicts Burden Dialogue between security in the Mediterranean as a whole. December 2006 the West and the Arab-Muslim World. In December 2003, with decision 571, Mediterranean Seminar organised by the OSCE Permanent Council decided • 16/18 January, Garmisch-Parten- the NATO Parliamentary Assembly and to explore new avenues of cooperation kirchen (Germany): Second Mediter- Italian Parliament. The meeting gathers for sharing OSCE norms, principles and ranean Dialogue Conference hosted by 45 parliamentarians and a number of commitments with its Mediterranean the Marshall Center, over 50 politicians government organisations, officials and Partners. examine the progress of the MD and journalists. The seminar focuses on the Relations between OSCE and its MPCs the Euro-Mediterranean Code of Con- Iraqi and Palestinian-Israeli conflict, al- include invitations to take part in regu- duct on Countering Terrorism. though one seminar session is entirely lar meetings with OSCE bodies, or- • 9/10 February, Taormina (Italy): First dedicated to migration, given its strong ganising seminars on issues that are of meeting of Defence Ministers from the link with security issues. particular concern to the region, regu- 26 NATO countries and Algeria, Egypt, • 11th September, London (United King- lar meetings of the Mediterranean Con- Appendices Israel, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco and dom): NATO, the Mediterranean and tact Group with OSCE member coun- Tunisia. Among other issues, they dis- the Broader Middle East: The Future. tries and Mediterranean partners and cuss NATO’s political and military trans- Conference sponsored by the NATO the annual Parliamentary Forum on the formation and the implementation of the Public Diplomacy Division and the Roy- Mediterranean. They are also invited to expeditionary NATO Response Force al United Services Institute for Defence participate in important OSCE meet- (NRF), which should be fully up and and Security Studies (RUSI) to evaluate ings that address politico-military, eco- 2007 running by the end of the year. The min- the Alliance’s strategy in the region nomic and environmental, and human isters examine the different cases of through the MD and ICI. issues. Med. possible intervention of the NRF and • 23rd October, Herzliya (Israel): Nato’s Belgium has held the OSCE Presiden- the means of financing its deployment. Transformation, the Mediterranean Di- cy in 2006 and Spain will do so in 2007. • 13/14 February, Cairo (Egypt): Con- alogue, NATO-Israel Relations, confer- The Mediterranean Seminars are at- ference on the dialogue between NATO ence co-sponsored by the NATO’s Pub- tended by high-level representatives and Egypt co-sponsored by NATO’s lic Diplomacy Division and the Atlantic from the Member States of the OSCE, Public Diplomacy Division and the Egypt- Forum of Israel. The Deputy Secretary- the Mediterranean Partners and inter- 360 ian Council of Foreign Affairs. The con- General of NATO celebrates the con- national organisations. The main objec- ference brings together officials, jour- clusion with Israel of the first Individual tive of these meetings is to encourage nalists, opinion leaders and military Cooperation Programme (ICP) in the the exchange of ideas and recommen- officers from Egypt to discuss NATO’s framework of the MD. NATO officials, dations. transformation following the 2004 Is- opinion leaders and policy makers from tanbul Summit and Egypt’s contribution Israel take part in the conference. Mediterranean Seminar 2006 to the enhancement of Mediterranean Di- • 12th December, Kuna (Kuwait): Fac- 6th/7th November, Sharm el-Sheik alogue. ing Common Challenges Through ICI. (Egypt): The OSCE Mediterranean Part- • 6/7 April, Rabat (Morocco): Under Second International conference of nership: From Recommendation to Im- the chairmanship of the Deputy Secre- NATO and Gulf Countries (GCC) to ex- plementation. Thirty-five OSCE mem- tary General of NATO, the North At- amine the state of security
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