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The Skull of the Upper Cretaceous Snake Dinilysia Patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and Its Phylogenetic Position Revisited
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 164, 194–238. With 24 figures The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited HUSSAM ZAHER1* and CARLOS AGUSTÍN SCANFERLA2 1Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 2Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Av. Angel Gallardo 470 (1405), Buenos Aires, Argentina Received 23 April 2010; revised 5 April 2011; accepted for publication 18 April 2011 The cranial anatomy of Dinilysia patagonica, a terrestrial snake from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina, is redescribed and illustrated, based on high-resolution X-ray computed tomography and better preparations made on previously known specimens, including the holotype. Previously unreported characters reinforce the intriguing mosaic nature of the skull of Dinilysia, with a suite of plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters with respect to extant snakes. Newly recognized plesiomorphies are the absence of the medial vertical flange of the nasal, lateral position of the prefrontal, lizard-like contact between vomer and palatine, floor of the recessus scalae tympani formed by the basioccipital, posterolateral corners of the basisphenoid strongly ventrolaterally projected, and absence of a medial parietal pillar separating the telencephalon and mesencephalon, amongst others. We also reinterpreted the structures forming the otic region of Dinilysia, confirming the presence of a crista circumfenes- tralis, which represents an important derived ophidian synapomorphy. Both plesiomorphic and apomorphic traits of Dinilysia are treated in detail and illustrated accordingly. Results of a phylogenetic analysis support a basal position of Dinilysia, as the sister-taxon to all extant snakes. -
Snakes of the Siwalik Group (Miocene of Pakistan): Systematics and Relationship to Environmental Change
Palaeontologia Electronica http://palaeo-electronica.org SNAKES OF THE SIWALIK GROUP (MIOCENE OF PAKISTAN): SYSTEMATICS AND RELATIONSHIP TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE Jason J. Head ABSTRACT The lower and middle Siwalik Group of the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan (Miocene, approximately 18 to 3.5 Ma) is a continuous fluvial sequence that preserves a dense fossil record of snakes. The record consists of approximately 1,500 vertebrae derived from surface-collection and screen-washing of bulk matrix. This record represents 12 identifiable taxa and morphotypes, including Python sp., Acrochordus dehmi, Ganso- phis potwarensis gen. et sp. nov., Bungarus sp., Chotaophis padhriensis, gen. et sp. nov., and Sivaophis downsi gen. et sp. nov. The record is dominated by Acrochordus dehmi, a fully-aquatic taxon, but diversity increases among terrestrial and semi-aquatic taxa beginning at approximately 10 Ma, roughly coeval with proxy data indicating the inception of the Asian monsoons and increasing seasonality on the Potwar Plateau. Taxonomic differences between the Siwalik Group and coeval European faunas indi- cate that South Asia was a distinct biogeographic theater from Europe by the middle Miocene. Differences between the Siwalik Group and extant snake faunas indicate sig- nificant environmental changes on the Plateau after the last fossil snake occurrences in the Siwalik section. Jason J. Head. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. [email protected] School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom. KEY WORDS: Snakes, faunal change, Siwalik Group, Miocene, Acrochordus. PE Article Number: 8.1.18A Copyright: Society of Vertebrate Paleontology May 2005 Submission: 3 August 2004. -
A Diverse Snake Fauna from the Early Eocene of Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat, India
A diverse snake fauna from the early Eocene of Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat, India JEAN−CLAUDE RAGE, ANNELISE FOLIE, RAJENDRA S. RANA, HUKAM SINGH, KENNETH D. ROSE, and THIERRY SMITH Rage, J.−C., Folie, A., Rana, R.S., Singh, H., Rose, K.D., and Smith, T. 2008. A diverse snake fauna from the early Eocene of Vastan Lignite Mine, Gujarat, India. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 (3): 391–403. The early Eocene (Ypresian) Cambay Formation of Vastan Lignite Mine in Gujarat, western India, has produced a di− verse assemblage of snakes including at least ten species that belong to the Madtsoiidae, Palaeophiidae (Palaeophis and Pterosphenus), Boidae, and several Caenophidia. Within the latter taxon, the Colubroidea are represented by Russel− lophis crassus sp. nov. (Russellophiidae) and by Procerophis sahnii gen. et sp. nov. Thaumastophis missiaeni gen. et sp. nov. is a caenophidian of uncertain family assignment. At least two other forms probably represent new genera and spe− cies, but they are not named; both appear to be related to the Caenophidia. The number of taxa that represent the Colubroidea or at least the Caenophidia, i.e., advanced snakes, is astonishing for the Eocene. This is consistent with the view that Asia played an important part in the early history of these taxa. The fossils come from marine and continental levels; however, no significant difference is evident between faunas from these levels. The fauna from Vastan Mine in− cludes highly aquatic, amphibious, and terrestrial snakes. All are found in the continental levels, including the aquatic palaeophiids, whereas the marine beds yielded only two taxa. -
Fire Management Plan Reserves of the South East
Fire Management Plan Reserves of the South East Department for Environment and Heritage PREPARE. ACT. SURVIVE. www.environment.sa.gov.auwww.environment.sa.gov.au Included Department for Environment and Heritage Reserves Aberdour CP Custon CP Lake Frome CP Padthaway CP Bangham CP Desert Camp CP Lake Hawdon South CP Penambol CP Baudin Rocks CP Desert Camp CR Lake Robe GR Penguin Island CP Beachport CP Dingley Dell CP Lake St Clair CP Penola CP Belt Hill CP Douglas Point CP Little Dip CP Piccaninnie Ponds CP Bernouilli CR Ewens Ponds CP Lower Glenelg River CP Pine Hill Soak CP Big Heath CP Fairview CP Martin Washpool CP Poocher Swamp GR Big Heath CR Furner CP Mary Seymour CP Reedy Creek CP Bool Lagoon GR Geegeela CP Messent CP Salt Lagoon Islands CP Bucks Lake GR Glen Roy CP Mount Boothby CP Talapar CP Bunbury CR Gower CP Mount Monster CP Tantanoola Caves CP Butcher Gap CP Grass Tree CP Mount Scott CP Telford Scrub CP Calectasia CP Guichen Bay CP Mud Islands GR Tilley Swamp CP Canunda NP Gum Lagoon CP Mullinger Swamp CP Tolderol GR Carpenter Rocks CP Hacks Lagoon CP Naracoorte Caves CR Vivigani Ardune CP Coorong NP Hanson Scrub CP Naracoorte Caves NP Woakwine CR Currency Creek GR Jip Jip CP Nene Valley CP Wolseley Common CP CP = Conservation Park NP = National Park GR = Game Reserve CR = Conservation Reserve For further information please contact: Department for Environment and Heritage Phone Information Line (08) 8204 1910, or see SA White Pages for your local Department for Environment and Heritage office. -
Thursday, 22 June 2017
No. 39 2203 SUPPLEMENTARY GAZETTE THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT GAZETTE PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY ADELAIDE, THURSDAY, 22 JUNE 2017 CONTENTS Appointments, Resignations, Etc. ............................................ 2204 Boxing and Martial Arts Act 2000—Notice ............................ 2204 Communities and Social Inclusion Disability Services, Department for—Notices ..................................................... 2205 Consumer and Business Services—Notice .............................. 2205 Controlled Substances Act 1984—Notice ............................... 2208 Domiciliary Care Services—Notice ........................................ 2205 Emergency Services Funding Act 1998—Notice .................... 2206 Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Department of—Notice ....................................................... 2209 Harbors and Navigation Act 1993—Notices ........................... 2206 Health Care Act 2008—Notices .............................................. 2207 Passenger Transport Regulations 2009—Notices .................... 2213 Police Service—Fees and Charges .......................................... 2216 Proclamations .......................................................................... 2223 Public Sector Act 2009—Notice ............................................. 2217 All public Acts appearing in this gazette are to be considered official, and obeyed as such Printed and published weekly by authority of SINEAD O’BRIEN, Government Printer, South Australia $7.21 per issue (plus postage), $361.90 -
Burrowing Into the Inner World of Snake Evolution 15 March 2018
Burrowing into the inner world of snake evolution 15 March 2018 "So, we compared the inner ears of Yurlunggur and Wonambi to those of 81 snakes and lizards of known ecological habits," Dr. Palci says. "We concluded that Yurlunggur was partly adapted to burrow underground, while Wonambi was more of a generalist, likely at ease in more diverse environments." These interpretations are supported by other features of the skull and skeleton of the two snakes, as well as by palaeoclimate, which implies they had quite different environmental preferences (Wonambi preferred much cooler and drier Credit: Flinders University habitats). Dr. Palci is specialising in the origin, phylogenetic relationships, and evolutionary history and Looking inside the head of a snake is so much diversification of major taxonomic groups, with a easier when the snake is a fossil. special focus on living and fossil squamates (a group of reptiles that includes lizards, Flinders University and South Australian Museum amphisbaenians, and snakes). postdoctoral researcher Alessandro Palci and other evolutionary palaeontology experts have Squamate reptiles, with over 9,000 known species, used high-resolution computer tomography (CT) to represent an ideal study group to investigate look inside the inner ears of two important evolution. Australian fossil snakes – the 23 million-year-old Yurlunggur from northern Australia, and the much The research revolves around several projects in younger Wonambi, from southern Australia, which collaborations with researchers at the South went extinct only about 50,000 years ago. Australian Museum, Flinders University, the University of Adelaide and University of Alberta. These snakes are important because they are considered close to the base of the evolutionary Digital images (see below) of the fossil snakes tree of snakes, and can thus provide some Yurlunggur and Wonambi reveal the inner ear information on what the earliest snakes looked like mostly consists of a large central portion termed and how they lived, says Dr. -
Naracoorte Caves
Naracoorte Caves Government of South Australia www.naracoortecaves.sa.gov.au A trip to the Limestone Coast wouldn’t be complete without a visit to the Naracoorte Caves. Recognised as one of the world’s most important fossil sites, the caves offer experiences for visitors of all ages. DAILY TOURS FOSSILS (except Christmas Day) Providing a rare insight into Guided tours are suitable for Australia’s past, Victoria people of all ages. The 30 Fossil Cave (tours at minute tour of Alexandra Cave 10.15am/2.15pm) showcases (tours at 9.30am/1.30pm) is world renowned fossil deposits. ideal for young families, while The Wonambi Fossil Centre rare bats and world renowned recreates the ancient world of fossils can be viewed on hour- Australia’s mega-fauna with long tours. The Wonambi Fossil life-size robotics in a simulated Centre, Wet Cave and the World forest and swamp land. Heritage Walk are self-guided and can be enjoyed at any time during the opening hours. Do you know that we have Adventure Caving tours are also on-site camping available? available (please pre-book). And while you’re here, BATS don’t forget to treat yourself at our award The Bat Observation Centre winning Cave Café. (tours at 11.30am/3.30pm) is the only place in the world where visitors can observe a colony of Adelaide Southern Bent-winged bats in their natural SA habitat. The Bat Cave itself is only accessible to scientists, but using specially designed infra- Victoria red cameras, guides are Melbourne able to provide visitors with a ‘bat’s-eye view’! This tour concludes in the adjacent Blanche Cave. -
Palaeontology Bibliography for the Naracoorte Caves National Park and World Heritage Area
Palaeontology Bibliography for the Naracoorte Caves National Park and World Heritage Area P = Palaeoecology; T = Taxonomy; D = Depositional setting and dating; S = Species Occurrence within/among sites; PC = Palaeoclimate; Taph = Taphonomy; F = Functional Morphology; IF = Five-year impact factor (as at Sept 2014) Peer-reviewed scientific publications Ashwell, K.W.S., Hardman, C.D. and Musser, A.M. 2014. Brain and behaviour of living and extinct echidnas. Zoology 117, 349–361. (F) IF = 1.6 Ayliffe, L. and Veeh, H.H. 1988. Uranium-series dating of speleothems and bones from Victoria Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section) 72, 211–234. (D) IF = 4.4 Ayliffe, L.K., Marianelli, P.C., Moriarty, K.C., Wells, R.T., McCulloch, M.T., Mortimer, G.E. and Hellstrom, J.C. 1998. 500 ka precipitation record from south-eastern Australia: evidence for interglacial relative aridity. Geology 26, 147–150. (PC) IF = 4.9 Bestland, E.A. and Rennie, J. 2006. Stable isotope record (δ 18O and δ13C) of a Naracoorte Caves speleothem (Australia) from before and after the Last Interglacial. Alcheringa Special Issue 1, 19–29. (PC) IF = 1 Bishop, N. 1997. Functional anatomy of the macropodid pes. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 117, 17–50. (F) No IF Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics of the fossil Australian giant megapodes Progura (Aves: Megapodiidae). Oryctos 7, 191–211. (T) IF = 1.7 Brown, S.P. and Wells, R.T. 2000. A Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fossil assemblage from Cathedral Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 124, 91–104. -
THYLACOLEO CARNIFEX and the NARACOORTE CAVES Michael Curry, Liz Reed1,2 and Steve Bourne3
RESEARCH CATCHING the MARSUPIAL ‘LION’ by the TAIL: THYLACOLEO CARNIFEX and the NARACOORTE CAVES Michael Curry, Liz Reed1,2 and Steve Bourne3 1School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; 2School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; 3Naracoorte Lucindale Council, Naracoorte, SA, Australia. “Thylacoleo exemplifies the simplest and most effective dental machinery for predatory life and carnivorous diet known in the Mammalian class. It is the extreme modification, to this end, of the Diprotodont type of Marsupialia.” Owen (1866) Introduction defending Thylacoleo as “A very gentle beast, and of good conscience” (Macleay 1859). Macleay based his Of all the extinct Australian Pleistocene megafauna argument on Thylacoleo’s relationship with other species, Thylacoleo carnifex (the marsupial ‘lion’) has Diprotodont marsupials, most of which are herbivores. captured the imagination and interest of people more Gerard Krefft, Curator of the Australian Museum, was than any other. Perhaps it is the allure of its predatory almost equally as unimpressed with Thylacoleo’s habits, (Australia’s Pleistocene answer to T. rex); or the carnivory, opining that it “…was not much more intriguing notion that it used caves as dens (Lundelius, carnivorous than the Phalangers (possums) of present 1966 ). It is certainly an enigma and, as Owen (1866) time.” (Krefft, 1866). Owen, meanwhile, had received an suggested, an extreme and meat-eating version of the almost complete skull from the Darling Downs, in otherwise herbivorous diprotodont marsupials. Queensland and published a more detailed paper, Spectacular fossil finds over the past few decades have further describing the skull and teeth of Thylacoleo, put to rest much of the speculation regarding its habits acknowledging its diprotodont affiliation but more and morphology. -
Cave and Karst Management in Australasia XX I Proceedings of the 21St Australasian Conference on Cave and Karst Management Naracoorte, South Australia, 2015
Cave and Karst Management in Australasia XX I Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Conference on Cave and Karst Management Naracoorte, South Australia, 2015 Australasian Cave and Karst Management Association 2015 ACKMA Cave and Karst Management in Australasia 21 Naracoorte Caves , South Australia , 201 5 i Proceedings of the Twenty first Australasian Conference on Cave and Karst Management 2015 Conference Naracoorte, South Australia, 2015 Cave and Karst Management in Australasia XXI Australasian Cave and Karst Management Association 2015 ACKMA Cave and Karst Management in Australasia 21 Naracoorte Caves , South Australia , 201 5 ii Cave and Karst Management in Australasia XXI Editors: Rauleigh and Samantha Webb ACKMA Western Australia Publisher: Australasian Cave and Karst Management Association PO Box 27, Mount Compass South Australia, Australia 5210 www.ackma.org Date: August 2015 ISSN No: 0159-5415 Copyright property of the contributing authors: Copyright on any paper contained in these Proceedings remains the property of the author(s) of that paper. Apart from use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand) no part may be reproduced without prior permission from the author(s). It may be possible to contact contributing authors through the Australasian Cave and Karst Management Association Proceedings available: Publications Officer Australasian Cave and Karst Management Assn Cover illustration: Top photo: Fossil Bed (Pit A), Victoria Fossil Cave, Naracoorte Photo by Steve Bourne Bottom photo: Stalactites in Blanche Cave, -
1 TABLE S1 Global List of Extinct and Extant Megafaunal Genera By
Supplemental Material: Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.. 2006. 37:215-50 doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132415 Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate Koch and Barnosky TABLE S1 Global list of extinct and extant megafaunal genera by continent. STATUS TAXON TIME AFRICA Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Acinonyx Panthera Hyaenidae Crocuta Hyaena Ursidae Ursusa Primates Gorilla Proboscidea Elephantidae C Elephas <100 Loxodonta Perissodactyla Equidae S Equus <100 E Hipparion <100 Rhinocerotidae Ceratotherium Diceros E Stephanorhinus <100 Artiodactyla Bovidae Addax Ammotragus Antidorcas Alcelaphus Aepyceros C Bos 11.5-0 Capra Cephalopus Connochaetes Damaliscus Gazella S Hippotragus <100 Kobus E Rhynotragus/Megalotragus 11.5-0 Oryx E Pelorovis 11.5-0 E Parmulariusa <100 Redunca Sigmoceros Syncerus Taurotragus Tragelaphus Camelidae C Camelus <100 1 Supplemental Material: Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.. 2006. 37:215-50 doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132415 Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate Koch and Barnosky Cervidae E Megaceroides <100 Giraffidae S Giraffa <100 Okapia Hippopotamidae Hexaprotodon Hippopotamus Suidae Hylochoerus Phacochoerus Potamochoerus Susa Tubulidenta Orycteropus AUSTRALIA Reptilia Varanidae E Megalania 50-15.5 Meiolanidae E Meiolania 50-15.5 E Ninjemys <100 Crocodylidae E Palimnarchus 50-15.5 E Quinkana 50-15.5 Boiidae? E Wonambi 100-50 Aves E Genyornis 50-15.5 Mammalia Marsupialia Diprotodontidae E Diprotodon 50-15.5 E Euowenia <100 E Euryzygoma <100 E Nototherium <100 E Zygomaturus 100-50 Macropodidae S Macropus 100-50 E Procoptodon <100 E Protemnodon 50-15.5 E Simosthenurus 50-15.5 E Sthenurus 100-50 Palorchestidae E Palorchestes 50-15.5 Thylacoleonidae E Thylacoleo 50-15.5 Vombatidae S Lasiorhinus <100 E Phascolomys <100 E Phascolonus 50-15.5 E Ramsayia <100 2 Supplemental Material: Annu. -
Climate Change Frames Debate Over the Extinction of Megafauna in Sahul (Pleistocene Australia-New Guinea) Stephen Wroea,B, Judith H
PERSPECTIVE PERSPECTIVE Climate change frames debate over the extinction of megafauna in Sahul (Pleistocene Australia-New Guinea) Stephen Wroea,b, Judith H. Fielda,1, Michael Archera, Donald K. Graysonc, Gilbert J. Priced, Julien Louysd, J. Tyler Faithe, Gregory E. Webbd, Iain Davidsonf, and Scott D. Mooneya aSchool of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; bSchool of Engineering, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; cDepartment of Anthropology and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; dSchool of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; eSchool of Social Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; and fSchool of Humanities, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia Edited by James O’Connell, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, and approved April 9, 2013 (received for review February 12, 2013) Around 88 large vertebrate taxa disappeared from Sahul sometime during the Pleistocene, with the majority of losses (54 taxa) clearly taking place within the last 400,000 years. The largest was the 2.8-ton browsing Diprotodon optatum, whereas the ∼100- to 130-kg marsupial lion, Thylacoleo carnifex, the world’s most specialized mammalian carnivore, and Varanus priscus, the largest lizard known, were formidable predators. Explanations for these extinctions have centered on climatic change or human activities. Here, we review the evidence and argu- ments for both. Human involvement in the disappearance of some species remains possible but unproven. Mounting evidence points to the loss of most species before the peopling of Sahul (circa 50–45 ka) and a significant role for climate change in the disappearance of the continent’s megafauna.