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THE SIKHS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Patwant Singh | 304 pages | 17 Jul 2001 | Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc | 9780385502061 | English | New York, United States Sikhism - Wikipedia She still actively attends both Sikh and Christian services. Notable Sikhs in science include nuclear scientist Piara Singh Gill , who worked on the Manhattan Project ; fibre-optics pioneer Narinder Singh Kapany ; and physicist, science writer and broadcaster Simon Singh. India's largest pharmaceutical company, Ranbaxy Laboratories , is headed by Sikhs. Sikhs supported the British during the Indian Rebellion of Around the world, Sikhs are commemorated in Commonwealth cemeteries. Khalistan movement began as an expatriate venture. A similar announcement was made by Balbir Singh Sandhu, in Amritsar , who released stamps and currency of Khalistan. With financial and political support of the Sikh diaspora, the movement flourished in the Indian state of Punjab , which has a Sikh-majority population and reached its zenith in the late s and s when the secessionist movement caused large scale violence among the local population. Operation Blue Star was an Indian military operation carried out between 1 and 8 June , ordered by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to remove militant religious leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his armed followers from the buildings of the Harmandir Sahib complex in Amritsar , Punjab. The total number of deaths was in violent incidents and riots while 1, people were injured. Assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and bombing of Air India plane killing passengers by Sikhs happened in the aftermath. There are claims of funding from Sikhs outside India to attract young people into these pro-Khalistan militant groups. Subsequently, a number of rebel militant groups in favour of Khalistan waged a major insurgency against the government of India. Indian security forces suppressed the insurgency in the early s, but Sikh political groups such as the Khalsa Raj Party and SAD A continued to pursue an independent Khalistan through non-violent means. In the s the insurgency petered out, [] and the movement failed to reach its objective due to multiple reasons including a heavy police crackdown on separatists, divisions among the Sikhs and loss of support from the Sikh population. Sikh art and culture are nearly synonymous with that of the Punjab, and Sikhs are easily recognised by their distinctive turban Dastar. The Punjab has been called India's melting pot, due to the confluence of invading cultures from the rivers from which the region gets its name. Sikh culture is therefore a synthesis of cultures. Sikhism has forged a unique architecture , which S. Bhatti described as "inspired by Guru Nanak 's creative mysticism" and "is a mute harbinger of holistic humanism based on pragmatic spirituality". During the Mughal and Afghan persecution of the Sikhs during the 17th and 18th centuries, [] the latter were concerned with preserving their religion and gave little thought to art and culture. With the rise of Ranjit Singh and the Sikh Raj in Lahore and Delhi , there was a change in the landscape of art and culture in the Punjab; Hindus and Sikhs could build decorated shrines without the fear of destruction or looting. The Sikh Confederacy was the catalyst for a uniquely Sikh form of expression, with Ranjit Singh commissioning forts, palaces, bungas residential places and colleges in a Sikh style. Sikh architecture is characterised by gilded fluted domes, cupolas, kiosks, stone lanterns, ornate balusters and square roofs. Sikh culture is influenced by militaristic motifs with the Khanda the most obvious , and most Sikh artifacts—except for the relics of the Gurus —have a military theme. This theme is evident in the Sikh festivals of Hola Mohalla and Vaisakhi , which feature marching and displays of valor. Although the art and culture of the Sikh diaspora have merged with that of other Indo-immigrant groups into categories like "British Asian", "Indo-Canadian" and "Desi-Culture", a minor cultural phenomenon which can be described as "political Sikh" has arisen. Bhangra and Giddha are two forms of Punjabi folk dancing which have been adapted and pioneered by Sikhs. Punjabi Sikhs have championed these forms of expression worldwide, resulting in Sikh culture becoming linked to Bhangra although "Bhangra is not a Sikh institution but a Punjabi one". Sikh painting is a direct offshoot of the Kangra school of painting. With the Sikh kingdom of Lahore becoming the paramount power, some of the Pahari painters from Guler migrated to Lahore for the patronage of Maharaja Ranjeet Singh and his Sardars. The Sikh school adapted Kangra painting to Sikh needs and ideals. Its main subjects are the ten Sikh gurus and stories from Guru Nanak's Janamsakhis. The tenth Guru, Gobind Singh, left a deep impression on the followers of the new faith because of his courage and sacrifices. Hunting scenes and portraits are also common in Sikh painting. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the Sikh religion, see Sikhism. For a similar word, see Sik. Members of the Sikh religion. Main article: History of Sikhism. Main article: Sikh music. Main article: Sikh diaspora. Main articles: Famous sikhs and List of Sikhs. Main article: Sikhs in the Indian and British Armies. Main articles: Sikh art and culture and Punjabi culture. May I never forget Him! One whose heart is mercifully blessed with abiding humility, O Nanak, is liberated here, and obtains peace hereafter. Retrieved 7 August Retrieved 4 April BBC News. Retrieved 6 August Joshi Statistics Canada. Retrieved 12 May Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 8 April National Records of Scotland. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 5 March Michigan State University. Archived from the original on 9 August Retrieved 24 November Retrieved 26 September The National. Abu Dhabi. Retrieved 21 March Archived from the original on 1 December Retrieved 11 June The Times of India. Retrieved 29 January Retrieved 9 March Retrieved 4 September Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 13 April I Norge bor det rundt sikher. Archived from the original on 16 September Sikhism: An Introduction. The Illustrated History of the Sikhs. India: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 18 March Retrieved 29 May Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. Archived from the original on 10 October Retrieved 6 November UK Statistics Authority. The Sikhs. New York: Knopf. New York: Oxford University Press. United states: Duke University Press. Retrieved 21 January Retrieved 26 January Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Retrieved 18 September Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Very Short Introductions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 14 January — via Google Books. Anthony 20 March Sikh: Why the Killing". The New York Times. Asian Survey. The Ecumenical Review. Archived from the original PDF on 26 February Tribune India. The Tribune. Retrieved 26 March Oxford University Press. Retrieved on 6 October Retrieved 8 September The Week. Migration Patterns — Workshop on Indian Migration. Archived from the original on 17 November International Sociology. Office of the Registrar General, India. Archived from the original PDF on 27 September Economic and Political Weekly. Retrieved 10 January Chicago: Oxford. Retrieved 15 January South Asian Politics and Religion. Princeton University Press. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 December Republished in Dalits in Regional Context About 3HO. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Retrieved 16 January The Caravan. Retrieved 23 May US News. Archived from the original on 15 April UK News. Office of National Statistics. Archived from the original on 26 February Report of the National Equality Panel. Retrieved 1 February Retrieved 21 May The Economic Times. Government of Punjab. Archived from the original on 10 March Daily Times. Archived from the original on 3 February Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen. London: Hamish Hamilton. Retrieved 15 April Pacific Affairs. Global Security. The remaining sections concern Sikh doctrine, the problem of who should be regarded as a Sikh, and a survey of Sikh literature. Finally, the book considers the present life of the community -- its dispersion around the world to Asia, Australasia, North America, Africa, and Europe, and its involvement in the current trials of the Punjab. Sikh culture is believed to have been settled and unchanging from the time of the Gurus onwards. The Sikhs , a major new work by a leading authority, reveals that this is a very misleading view. McLeod treats a variety of questions sympathetically and in so doing he establishes a new understanding for students of religion and for all those interested in current events in India. He has lived for over nine years in India and is a world-renowned scholar of Sikh studies. Sikhism | History, Doctrines, Practice, & Literature | Britannica All 10 human Gurus , Sikhs believe, were inhabited by a single spirit. In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide, the great majority of them living in the Indian state of Punjab. The following discussion of the lives of the 10 Gurus relies on the traditional Sikh account, most elements of which are derived from hagiographic legend and lore and cannot be verified historically. This point should be borne in mind throughout, especially in the sections on the early Gurus. Sikhs claim that their tradition has always been separate from Hinduism. Nevertheless, many Western scholars argue that in its earliest stage Sikhism was a movement within the Hindu tradition; Nanak, they point out, was raised a Hindu and eventually belonged to the Sant tradition of northern India , a movement associated with the great poet and mystic Kabir — The Sants, most of whom were poor, dispossessed, and illiterate, composed hymns of great beauty expressing their experience of the divine , which they saw in all things. Their tradition drew heavily on the Vaishnava bhakti the devotional movement within the Hindu tradition that worships the god Vishnu , though there were important differences between the two. For the Sants, God can be neither incarnated nor represented in concrete terms.

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