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Patwant Singh | 304 pages | 17 Jul 2001 | Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc | 9780385502061 | English | New York, - Wikipedia

She still actively attends both Sikh and Christian services. Notable Sikhs in science include nuclear scientist Piara Singh Gill , who worked on the Manhattan Project ; fibre-optics pioneer Narinder Singh Kapany ; and physicist, science writer and broadcaster Simon Singh. 's largest pharmaceutical company, Ranbaxy Laboratories , is headed by Sikhs. Sikhs supported the British during the Indian Rebellion of Around the world, Sikhs are commemorated in Commonwealth cemeteries. began as an expatriate venture. A similar announcement was made by Balbir Singh Sandhu, in , who released stamps and currency of Khalistan. With financial and political support of the , the movement flourished in the Indian state of , which has a Sikh-majority population and reached its zenith in the late s and s when the secessionist movement caused large scale violence among the local population. was an Indian military operation carried out between 1 and 8 June , ordered by Prime Minister to remove militant religious leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his armed followers from the buildings of the Harmandir complex in Amritsar , Punjab. The total number of deaths was in violent incidents and riots while 1, people were injured. Assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and bombing of Air India plane killing passengers by Sikhs happened in the aftermath. There are claims of funding from Sikhs outside India to attract young people into these pro-Khalistan militant groups. Subsequently, a number of rebel militant groups in favour of Khalistan waged a major insurgency against the . Indian security forces suppressed the insurgency in the early s, but Sikh political groups such as the Raj Party and SAD A continued to pursue an independent Khalistan through non-violent means. In the s the insurgency petered out, [] and the movement failed to reach its objective due to multiple reasons including a heavy police crackdown on separatists, divisions among the Sikhs and loss of support from the Sikh population. Sikh art and culture are nearly synonymous with that of the Punjab, and Sikhs are easily recognised by their distinctive . The Punjab has been called India's melting pot, due to the confluence of invading cultures from the rivers from which the region gets its name. Sikh culture is therefore a synthesis of cultures. Sikhism has forged a unique , which S. Bhatti described as "inspired by Nanak 's creative mysticism" and "is a mute harbinger of holistic based on pragmatic ". During the Mughal and Afghan persecution of the Sikhs during the 17th and 18th centuries, [] the latter were concerned with preserving their religion and gave little thought to art and culture. With the rise of and the Sikh Raj in and , there was a change in the landscape of art and culture in the Punjab; and Sikhs could build decorated shrines without the fear of destruction or looting. The Sikh Confederacy was the catalyst for a uniquely Sikh form of expression, with Ranjit Singh commissioning forts, palaces, bungas residential places and colleges in a Sikh . Sikh architecture is characterised by gilded fluted domes, cupolas, kiosks, stone lanterns, ornate balusters and square roofs. Sikh culture is influenced by militaristic motifs with the the most obvious , and most Sikh artifacts—except for the relics of the —have a military theme. This theme is evident in the Sikh festivals of and , which feature marching and displays of valor. Although the art and culture of the Sikh diaspora have merged with that of other Indo-immigrant groups into categories like "British Asian", "Indo-Canadian" and "Desi-Culture", a minor cultural phenomenon which can be described as "political Sikh" has arisen. Bhangra and Giddha are two forms of Punjabi folk dancing which have been adapted and pioneered by Sikhs. Punjabi Sikhs have championed these forms of expression worldwide, resulting in Sikh culture becoming linked to Bhangra although "Bhangra is not a Sikh institution but a Punjabi one". Sikh painting is a direct offshoot of the Kangra school of painting. With the Sikh kingdom of Lahore becoming the paramount power, some of the Pahari painters from Guler migrated to Lahore for the patronage of Ranjeet Singh and his . The Sikh school adapted Kangra painting to Sikh needs and ideals. Its main subjects are the ten and stories from 's Janamsakhis. The tenth Guru, Gobind Singh, left a deep impression on the followers of the new faith because of his courage and sacrifices. Hunting scenes and portraits are also common in Sikh painting. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the Sikh religion, see Sikhism. For a similar word, see Sik. Members of the Sikh religion. Main article: . Main article: Sikh music. Main article: Sikh diaspora. Main articles: Famous sikhs and List of Sikhs. Main article: Sikhs in the Indian and British Armies. Main articles: Sikh art and culture and . May I never forget Him! One whose heart is mercifully blessed with abiding humility, O Nanak, is liberated here, and obtains peace hereafter. Retrieved 7 August Retrieved 4 April BBC News. Retrieved 6 August Joshi Statistics . Retrieved 12 May Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 8 April National Records of . Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 5 March Michigan State University. Archived from the original on 9 August Retrieved 24 November Retrieved 26 September The National. Abu Dhabi. Retrieved 21 March Archived from the original on 1 December Retrieved 11 June . Retrieved 29 January Retrieved 9 March Retrieved 4 September Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 13 April I Norge bor det rundt sikher. Archived from the original on 16 September Sikhism: An Introduction. The Illustrated History of the Sikhs. India: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 18 March Retrieved 29 May Shiromani Parbandhak Committee. Archived from the original on 10 October Retrieved 6 November UK Statistics Authority. The Sikhs. New York: Knopf. New York: Oxford University Press. United states: Duke University Press. Retrieved 21 January Retrieved 26 January Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Retrieved 18 September Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Very Short Introductions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 14 January — via Google Books. Anthony 20 March Sikh: Why the Killing". The New York Times. Asian Survey. The Ecumenical Review. Archived from the original PDF on 26 February Tribune India. . Retrieved 26 March Oxford University Press. Retrieved on 6 October Retrieved 8 September The Week. Migration Patterns — Workshop on Indian Migration. Archived from the original on 17 November International Sociology. Office of the Registrar General, India. Archived from the original PDF on 27 September Economic and Political Weekly. Retrieved 10 January Chicago: Oxford. Retrieved 15 January South Asian Politics and Religion. Princeton University Press. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 December Republished in Dalits in Regional Context About 3HO. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Retrieved 16 January The Caravan. Retrieved 23 May US News. Archived from the original on 15 April UK News. Office of National Statistics. Archived from the original on 26 February Report of the National Equality Panel. Retrieved 1 February Retrieved 21 May The Economic Times. Government of Punjab. Archived from the original on 10 March Daily Times. Archived from the original on 3 February Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen. London: Hamish Hamilton. Retrieved 15 April Pacific Affairs. Global Security. The remaining sections concern Sikh doctrine, the problem of who should be regarded as a Sikh, and a survey of Sikh literature. Finally, the book considers the present life of the community -- its dispersion around the world to Asia, Australasia, North America, Africa, and Europe, and its involvement in the current trials of the Punjab. Sikh culture is believed to have been settled and unchanging from the time of the Gurus onwards. The Sikhs , a major new work by a leading authority, reveals that this is a very misleading view. McLeod treats a variety of questions sympathetically and in so doing he establishes a new understanding for students of religion and for all those interested in current events in India. He has lived for over nine years in India and is a world-renowned scholar of Sikh studies. Sikhism | History, Doctrines, Practice, & Literature | Britannica

All 10 human Gurus , Sikhs believe, were inhabited by a single spirit. In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide, the great majority of them living in the Indian state of Punjab. The following discussion of the lives of the 10 Gurus relies on the traditional Sikh account, most elements of which are derived from hagiographic legend and lore and cannot be verified historically. This point should be borne in mind throughout, especially in the sections on the early Gurus. Sikhs claim that their tradition has always been separate from . Nevertheless, many Western scholars argue that in its earliest stage Sikhism was a movement within the Hindu tradition; Nanak, they point out, was raised a Hindu and eventually belonged to the Sant tradition of northern India , a movement associated with the great poet and mystic — The Sants, most of whom were poor, dispossessed, and illiterate, composed hymns of great beauty expressing their experience of the divine , which they saw in all things. Their tradition drew heavily on the Vaishnava bhakti the devotional movement within the Hindu tradition that worships the god Vishnu , though there were important differences between the two. For the Sants, God can be neither incarnated nor represented in concrete terms. The Sikhs, a colorful and controversial people about whom little is generally known, have been the subject of much hypothetical speculation. Their non- conformist behavior, except to their own traditions, and their fierce independence, even to demanding autonomy, have recently attracted world- wide attention. Hew McLeod, internationally known scholar of Sikh studies, provides a just and accurate description in his introducion to this religious community from northern India now numbering about sixteen million people, exploring their history, doctrine, and literature. The Sikhs begins by giving an overview of the people's history, then covers the origins of the Sikh tradition, dwelling on controversies surrounding the life and doctrine of the first Master, Guru Nanak He believed that a single divine force created the entire world and resided within it. In his belief, God was not separate from the world and watching from a distance, but fully present in every aspect of creation. He therefore asserted that all people are equally divine and deserve to be treated as such. To promote this vision of divine oneness and social equality, Guru Nanak created institutions and religious practices. He established community centers and places of worship, wrote his own scriptural compositions and institutionalized a system of leadership gurus that would carry forward his vision. The Sikh view thus rejects all social distinctions that produce inequities, including gender, race, religion and caste, the predominant structure for social hierarchy in . Serving the world is a natural expression of the Sikh prayer and worship. In the Sikh tradition, a truly religious person is one who cultivates the spiritual self while also serving the communities around them — or a saint-soldier. The saint-soldier ideal applies to women and men alike. In this spirit, Sikh women and men maintain five articles of faith, popularly known as . These are: kes long, uncut hair , steel bracelet , kanga wooden comb , small sword and kachera soldier-shorts. Although little historical evidence exists to explain why these particular articles were chosen, the 5 Ks continue provide the community with a collective identity, binding together individuals on the basis of a shared belief and practice. As I understand, Sikhs cherish these articles of faith as gifts from their gurus. are an important part of the Sikh identity. Both women and men may wear turbans. Like the articles of faith, Sikhs regard their turbans as gifts given by their beloved gurus, and its meaning is deeply personal. The Sikh gurus adopted the turban , in part, to remind Sikhs that all humans are sovereign, royal and ultimately equal. Sikhs - Wikipedia

The Sikh view thus rejects all social distinctions that produce inequities, including gender, race, religion and caste, the predominant structure for social hierarchy in South Asia. Serving the world is a natural expression of the Sikh prayer and worship. In the Sikh tradition, a truly religious person is one who cultivates the spiritual self while also serving the communities around them — or a saint-soldier. The saint-soldier ideal applies to women and men alike. In this spirit, Sikh women and men maintain five articles of faith, popularly known as the five Ks. These are: kes long, uncut hair , kara steel bracelet , kanga wooden comb , kirpan small sword and kachera soldier-shorts. Although little historical evidence exists to explain why these particular articles were chosen, the 5 Ks continue provide the community with a collective identity, binding together individuals on the basis of a shared belief and practice. As I understand, Sikhs cherish these articles of faith as gifts from their gurus. Turbans are an important part of the Sikh identity. Both women and men may wear turbans. Like the articles of faith, Sikhs regard their turbans as gifts given by their beloved gurus, and its meaning is deeply personal. The Sikh gurus adopted the turban , in part, to remind Sikhs that all humans are sovereign, royal and ultimately equal. After British colonizers in India seized power of Punjab in , where a majority of the Sikh community was based, Sikhs began migrating to various regions controlled by the British , including Southeast Asia, and the itself. Based on what was available to them, Sikhs played various roles in these communities, including military service, agricultural work and railway construction. They began experiencing discrimination immediately upon their arrival. For instance, the first race riot targeting Sikhs took place in Bellingham, Washington, in Angry mobs of white men rounded up Sikh laborers , beat them up and forced them to leave town. When they are 14 years old, young Sikhs are allowed to join the Khalsa. Khalsa Sikhs observe the Five Ks. A special solution of sugar and water, known as Amrit , is prepared in an iron bowl whilst the special prayers are recited by five Sikhs in the presence of the . During the ceremony the Amrit is blessed and sprinkled on the hair and eyes, a prayer is said and a is eaten together. The Sikh marriage ceremony is called . It is performed in the presence of the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scripture. In a Sikh wedding, scripture is read from the Granth Sahib, and after each section the bride and groom walk around the Guru Granth Sahib, showing their commitment to the teachings being read. This is done four times. Sikhs burn their dead. As the body is bathed and clothed in fresh clothes by family members, Sikh prayers are said. You may not redistribute, sell or place the content of this page on any other website or blog without written permission from the author Mandy Barrow. Follow me on Twitter mbarrow. I teach computers at The Granville School and St. John's Primary School in Sevenoaks Kent. Sikhism is not derived from any other religion. Who is the founder of Sikhism? Instead, he transferred his authority jointly to two institutions: the Guru Granth Sahib the Sikh scripture the Guru Khalsa Panth the community of committed Sikh believers initiated through a special ceremony. What do Sikhs believe? Sikhs do not believe in the following: Fasting, superstitions, ritualism, caste system, alcohol, smoking and drugs. What is the Symbol of Sikhism? It is made up of: The Khanda - a double edged sword. This represents the belief in one God. The Chakkar , like the Kara it is a circle representing God without beginning or end and reminding Sikhs to remain within the rule of God. Two crossed swords representing spiritual authority and political power. Where do Sikhs worship? Gurdwara All across the globe have: The Sikh scripture - Guru Granth Sahib Community Kitchen - is cooked by the members of the community and served by members of the community, to all people at the Gurdwara. The idea is to demonstrate equality of all people, irrespective of caste, creed, religion, race or sex. Four Doors The gurdwara usually has four doors to show that it is open to all. The " ," a yellow triangular flag bearing the Sikh symbol of "Khanda" flies from every Gurdwara. The term 'nisan' means 'flag' and 'sahib' is a term of respect. Nisham Sahib Visitors irrespective of their religion can expect shelter, comfort and food at all Gurdwaras. There are no chairs, everyone sits on the floor. Three main functions are carried out in all public Gurdwaras: - the singing of hymns from the Guru Granth Sahib Katha - the reading of the Guru Granth Sahib and explanations. The Langar - free community kitchen for all visitors of all religions. What are the spiritual leaders called? Asian Survey. The Ecumenical Review. Archived from the original PDF on 26 February Tribune India. The Tribune. Retrieved 26 March Oxford University Press. Retrieved on 6 October Retrieved 8 September The Week. Migration Patterns — Workshop on Indian Migration. Archived from the original on 17 November International Sociology. Office of the Registrar General, India. Archived from the original PDF on 27 September Economic and Political Weekly. Retrieved 10 January Chicago: Oxford. Retrieved 15 January South Asian Politics and Religion. Princeton University Press. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 December Republished in Dalits in Regional Context About 3HO. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Retrieved 16 January The Caravan. Retrieved 23 May US News. Archived from the original on 15 April UK News. Office of National Statistics. Archived from the original on 26 February Report of the National Equality Panel. Retrieved 1 February Retrieved 21 May The Economic Times. Government of Punjab. Archived from the original on 10 March Daily Times. Archived from the original on 3 February Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen. London: Hamish Hamilton. Retrieved 15 April Pacific Affairs. Global Security. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 February Bharat Rakshak. Archived from the original on 27 March The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 November London: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 6 December Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India. Terrorism in Context. Pennsylvania State University. Sikhism and Indian Civilization. Discovery Publishing House. Retrieved 25 October Retrieved 28 August Tragedy of Punjab. Vision Books. Khalistan: An Academic Analysis. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 31 January Archived from the original on 3 November Retrieved 29 October LA Times. Times Wire Services. Archived from the original on 29 January Retrieved 14 June Gandhi's Last Battle e-book ed. Archived from the original on 5 July Retrieved 9 August and Government of India. Archived from the original on 15 July Retrieved 15 July Potomac Books. CBC News. Retrieved 30 April The month long Air India inquiry, led by former Supreme Court justice John Major, pointed to Parmar as the chief terrorist behind the bombing. Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 3 December Retrieved 11 January Retrieved 27 September Retrieved 22 January Sikh Times. Reuters, The Sikh insurgency petered out in the s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan. Retrieved 22 May Hindustan Times. Retrieved 27 April Archived from the original on 14 December Retrieved 20 November Punjab Painting: Study in Art and Culture. Abhinav Publications.

Who are the Sikhs and what are their beliefs?

Soon after the invasion of Sirhind, while resting in his chamber after the Rehras prayer was stabbed by a Pathan assassin hired by Mughals. Gobind Singh killed the attacker with his sword. Though a European surgeon stitched the Guru's wound, the wound re-opened as the Guru tugged at a hard strong bow after a few days, causing profuse bleeding that led to Gobind Singh's death. The confederacy of Sikh warrior bands known as emerged, but these fought between themselves. Ranjit Singh achieved a series of military victories and created a in The Sikh empire had its capital in Lahore , spread over almost , square miles , square kilometres comprising what is now northwestern . The Sikh Empire entered into a treaty with the colonial British powers, with each side recognizing River as the line of control and agreeing not to invade the other side. Ranjit Singh had failed to establish a lasting structure for Sikh government or stable succession, and the Sikh Empire rapidly declined after his death. Factions divided the Sikhs, and led to Anglo-Sikh wars. The British easily defeated the confused and demoralised Khalsa forces , then disbanded them into destitution. The , a movement to revitalize Sikhism, also saw the resurgence of the Khalsa after their defeat by the British in the Anglo-Sikh wars , [] and the subsequent decline and corruption of Sikh institutions during colonial rule, and the proselytization of other faith groups in the Punjab. The last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire converted to in , a controversial but influential event in Sikh history. Along with his conversion, and after Sikh Empire had been dissolved and the region made a part of the colonial , proselytising activities of , Brahmo Samajis , , Muslim Anjuman-i-Islamia and Ahmadiyah sought to convert the Sikhs in northwestern Indian subcontinent into their respective faiths. The first meeting of the movement was in the Golden , Amritsar in , and it was largely launched by the Sanatan Sikhs , Gianis, priests, and . Sanatan Sikhs led by Khem Singh Bedi — who claimed to be a direct descendant of Guru Nanak, Avtar Singh Vahiria and others supported a more inclusive approach which considered Sikhism as a reformed tradition of Hinduism, while campaigned for an exclusive approach to the Sikh identity, disagreeing with Sanatan Sikhs and seeking to modernize Sikhism. Sikhs participated and contributed to the decades-long Indian independence movement from the colonial rule in the first half of the 20th century. This event, states Banga, was a watershed event in Sikh history. According to Banga and other scholars, the Sikhs had strongly opposed the Muslim League demands and saw it as "perpetuation of Muslim domination" and anti-Sikh policies in what just a hundred years before was a part of the Sikh Empire. As such, Sikh organizations, including the Chief Khalsa Dewan and Shiromani Akali Dal led by Master , condemned the and the movement to create , viewing it as inviting possible persecution; the Sikhs largely thus strongly opposed the . When partition was announced, the newly created line divided the Sikh population into two halves. The Sikhs suffered organized violence and riots against them in West Pakistan, and Sikhs moved en masse to the Indian side leaving behind their property and the sacred places of Sikhism. This reprisals on Sikhs were not one sided, because as Sikhs entered the Indian side, the in experienced reprisals and they moved to West Pakistan. The Sikhs were the economic elite and wealthiest in West Punjab, with them having the largest representation in West Punjab's aristocracy, nearly Gurdwaras and educational institutions that served the interests of the Sikhs. The Muslim League rejected this approach, demanding that entire Punjab should be granted to Pakistan. Between March and August , a series of riots, arson, plunder of Sikh property, assassination of Sikh leaders, and killings in districts, , and other places made Tara Singh call the situation in Punjab as "civil war", while Lord Mountbatten stated "civil war preparations were going on". The riots had triggered the early waves of migration in April, with some 20, people leaving northwest Punjab and moving to . The Sikh leaders made desperate petitions, but all religious communities were suffering in the political turmoil. When the partition line was formally announced in August , the violence was unprecedented, with Sikhs being one of the most affected religious community both in terms of deaths, as well as property loss, injury, trauma and disruption. The partition created the "largest foot convoy of refugees recorded in [human] history, stretching over kilometer long", states Banga, with nearly , people consisting of mostly "distraught, suffering, injured and angry Sikhs". Sikh and Hindu refugees from Pakistan flooded into India, Muslim refugees from India flooded into Pakistan, each into their new homeland. The early s witnessed some Sikh groups seeking an independent nation named Khalistan carved out from India and Pakistan. The and Takht were occupied by various militant groups in Numerous soldiers, civilians and militants died in the cross fire. Within days of the Operation Bluestar, some 2, Sikh soldiers in India mutinied and attempted to reach Amritsar to liberate the Golden Temple. The assassination triggered the anti-Sikh riots. The Sikhs and their neighbors, for most part, ignored attempts to provoke riots and communal strife. Sikhism was founded in northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent in what is now Pakistan. Some of the Gurus were born near Lahore and in other parts of Pakistan. Prior to , in British India, millions of Sikhs lived in what later became Pakistan. During the partition, Sikhs and Hindus left the newly created Muslim-majority Pakistan and mostly moved to Hindu-majority India - with some moving to Muslim-majority [] , - while Muslims in India left and moved to Pakistan. The Sikhs in Pakistan, like others in the region, have been "rocked by an Islamist insurgency for more than a decade". Sikh sects are sub-traditions within Sikhism that believe in an alternate lineage of Gurus, or have a different interpretation of the , or believe in following a living Guru, or other concepts that differ from the orthodox Khalsa Sikhs. Later on Ramraiya sect grew in with the patronage of . Some of these sects were financially and administratively supported by the Mughal rulers in the hopes of gaining a more favorable and compliant citizenry. After the collapse of , and particularly during the rule of Ranjit Singh, Sikhs protected Sikh shrines, preserved the Sikh scripture and rebuilt those that were desecrated or destroyed during the Muslim—Sikh wars. However, Udasi Sikhs kept idols and images inside these Sikh . All these sects differ from Khalsa orthodox Sikhs in their beliefs and practices, such as continuing to solemnize their weddings around fire and being strictly vegetarian. The sect though unorthodox was influential in shaping the views of Tat Khalsa and the contemporary era Sikh beliefs and practices. According to Surinder Jodhka, the state of Punjab with a Sikh majority has the "largest proportion of scheduled caste population in India". Although decried by Sikhism, Sikhs have practiced a caste system. The system, along with untouchability, has been more common in rural parts of Punjab. The landowning dominant Sikh castes, states Jodhka, "have not shed all their prejudices against the lower castes or dalits ; while dalits would be allowed entry into the village gurdwaras they would not be permitted to cook or serve langar. According to Jodhka, due to economic mobility in contemporary Punjab, castes no longer mean an inherited occupation nor are work relations tied to a single location. Despite being very small in numbers, the Kshatriya Khatri and Arora castes wield considerable influence within the Sikh community. Other common Sikh castes include Sainis , artisans , Ahluwalias formerly brewers , Kambojs rural caste , Labanas , Kumhars and the two Dalit castes, known in Sikh terminology as the Mazhabis the Chuhras and the Ravidasias the Chamars. Sikhism is the fifth-largest amongst the major world religions , and one of the youngest. Large communities of Sikhs migrate to the neighboring states such as Indian State of which is home to the second largest Sikh population in India with 1. Sikh migration to Canada began in the and led to the creation of significant Sikh communities, predominantly in South Vancouver , , Surrey, British Columbia , and Brampton, . Today temples, newspapers, radio stations, and markets cater to these large, multi-generational Indo-Canadian groups. Sikh festivals such as Vaisakhi and Bandi Chhor are celebrated in those Canadian cities by the largest groups of followers in the world outside the Punjab. These communities developed as Sikhs migrated out of Punjab to fill in gaps in imperial labour markets. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Religion originating in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. Not to be confused with Sikkim. Sikh gurus. Select revered saints. General topics. Main article: . See also: Bhakti. Main article: Sikh gurus. Main articles: Sikhism and Hinduism and and Sikhism. Main article: . Main article: History of Sikhism. Main article: Singh Sabha Movement. Main article: Sikh. Main article: Sects of Sikhism. Further information: , Sikh diaspora , and Sikhism by country. Further information: Prohibitions in Sikhism and in Sikhism. Singh, Khushwant. The Illustrated History of the Sikhs. Oxford University Press. Kosh, Gur Shabad Ratnakar Mahan. Diversity and Unity in Federal Countries. McGill Queen University Press. Sikhism rejects the practice of converting people to other religious traditions. London: Kuperard. Reichberg and H. Syse ed. Cambridge University Press. The predominant ideology of the Sant parampara in turn corresponds in many respects to the much wider devotional Bhakti tradition in northern India. Pashaura and Fenech , p. US: Turner Broadcasting System. Sikhism: a very short introduction. of Sikhism: Reality and Its Manifestations. Atlantic Publishers. Wallingford, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved 7 August The Sikhs. New York: Alfred A Knopf. Historical Dictionary of Sikhism 3rd ed. God's Plenty: Religious Diversity in Kingston. McGill—Queen's University Press. The Making of Sikh Scripture. US: Oxford University Press. Concept Publishing Company. University of Chicago Press. The Encyclopedia of Sikhism over Entries. Philadelphia: Chelsea House. Sussex Academic Press. Sikhism:Religion in focus. Black Rabbit Books. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mumbai Mirror. SUNY Press. A large number of Hindu and Muslim peasants converted to Sikhism from conviction, fear, economic motives, or a combination of the three ; Ganda Singh Fenech The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Journal of the American Oriental Society. History of Sikh Gurus Retold: — Encyclopaedia of Great Festivals. Abhinav Publications. Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Patiala. Retrieved 9 April Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed. Bloomsbury Academic. Understanding Sikhism, the Research Journal 2 : 3. Retrieved 10 November Agree to Differ. The Hans India. Retrieved 10 July Merriam- Webster's encyclopedia of world religions. Retrieved 15 June You are the One True Lord and Master of all the other beings, of so many worlds. Searches in Sikhism. Hemkunt Press. Sikhism and Indian Civilization. Discovery Publishing House. Paths to The Divine: Ancient and Indian: Singh, Japji, , Hemkunt Press, p. In Sikh religion the word 'Guru' does not denote a teacher, or an expert or a guide in human body. Janmeja Meji August The Sikh Review. Archived from the original PDF on 3 December Retrieved 29 November Definitions of Sikhism" PDF. Understanding Sikhism — the Research Journal. Archived from the original PDF on 4 December Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. The Sikhs of the Punjab. UK: Cambridge University Press. Dorling Kindersley. Wayne April Bibliotheca Sacra. The Encyclopedia of Sikhism. New Delhi, India: Hemkunt Press. The Sikh and Sikhism. Searches in Sikhism 1st ed. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press. The Sikhs , a major new work by a leading authority, reveals that this is a very misleading view. McLeod treats a variety of questions sympathetically and in so doing he establishes a new understanding for students of religion and for all those interested in current events in India. He has lived for over nine years in India and is a world-renowned scholar of Sikh studies. The Sikhs : History, Religion, and Society. Jeet Singh does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Listeners, activists and Sikhs around the country acted immediately by contacting the station to express their concerns. News outlets quickly picked up the story and the radio hosts were suspended. Grewal is a practicing Sikh who maintains a turban and . Scholars and government officials estimate the Sikh American population to number around , Nevertheless for many American Sikhs, such experiences are not uncommon. As a scholar of the tradition and a practicing Sikh myself, I have studied the harsh realities of what it means to be a Sikh in America today. I have also experienced racial slurs from a young age. The bottom line is there is little understanding of who exactly the Sikhs are and what the believe. To start at the beginning, the founder of the Sikh tradition, Guru Nanak was born in in the Punjab region of South Asia, which is currently split between Pakistan and the northwestern area of India. A majority of the global Sikh population still resides in Punjab on the Indian side of the border. From a young age, Guru Nanak was disillusioned by the social inequities and religious hypocrisies he observed around him. He believed that a single divine force created the entire world and resided within it. In his belief, God was not separate from the world and watching from a distance, but fully present in every aspect of creation. He therefore asserted that all people are equally divine and deserve to be treated as such. To promote this vision of divine oneness and social equality, Guru Nanak created institutions and religious practices. He established community centers and places of worship, wrote his own scriptural compositions and institutionalized a system of leadership gurus that would carry forward his vision. https://uploads.strikinglycdn.com/files/3537aa2d-06ca-493b-a565-2eca8a48bcb3/schuppenflechte-tagebuch-dieses-notizbuch-tagebuch-kann- beim-feststellen-der-erkrankung-der-verl-280.pdf https://files8.webydo.com/9589597/UploadedFiles/9CE7CAD7-6973-017E-F14E-09BFCBC63EED.pdf https://static.s123-cdn-static.com/uploads/4637288/normal_601f9b237c0e0.pdf https://uploads.strikinglycdn.com/files/f757271d-28bd-4837-b655-aff2ec17ce2e/die-enkelin-der-zeit-172.pdf https://files8.webydo.com/9586154/UploadedFiles/4C0D4DFD-E4D7-F89E-820D-43A60B6024B2.pdf https://files8.webydo.com/9586203/UploadedFiles/B939002A-9CA6-06F8-C2D0-4E5B68B6DD7A.pdf