May 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13161 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

THE DAY THE BRITISH TOOK BEAU­ the Bite) and dropped anchor. From the ship behind Ca.pt. Gibble's house. At this time FORT-LAST BA'ITLE OF THE a small boat was launched manned by five they saw Ca.pt. Singletry coming along the REVOLUTIONARY WAR men. As they approached the shore, the beach by the house. They watched helpless whalers wandered down the beach to meet as he was charged by the enemy. The whole them. The boat landed, the crew jumped out group rushed from behind the house and HON. JESSE A. HELMS and, wiith the help of the whalers, was pulled surrounded him and took him prisoner. Eas­ up on the sand. The captain of the crew OF NORTH CAROLINA ton ordered the cannon, turned in that di­ greeted the whalers. He reported that their rection, fired. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ship was from New England and the others As full light came, one could see small Monday, May 10, 1976 a prize of war which they had taken. They boats leave the fleet (boats of the townsmen wanted to pass through Old Topsail Inlet to who were held prisoners). They approached Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I would the Port of Beaufort. The whalers advised the town, landing where they chose on the like to share with my colleagues a major them to wait for the next daylight high tide, beach, spreading into all sections of the town new discovery in the history of North and gave them directions for crossing the bent on plundering. Carolina. Jean Bruyere Kell, Bicenten­ bar. They then walked up the beach to the Being overpowered by numbers, Easton and nial projects coordinator for the Car­ Davis house for a drink, a.ll drinking to the hJs men retired from the Battery to Gabriel's success of the visitors and their fine prize house about one-half mile from town. on taret County Bicentennial Commission, for their country. the way they spotted men loaded down with has recently uncovered rare historical The next day at high tide the townfolk of plunder. They overpowered and captured two documents which show that the last bat­ Port Beaufort, gazing toward the inlet, of them. At two o'clock Col. Ward arrived tle of the American Revolution was ac­ watched as the ships approached the bar, w1th'20 men. They decided to make their post tually fought in North Carolina. saw pilots board and guide them to anchor a.t the town bridge and an advance post three In April of 1782, a full year after the under Borden's Banks, fronting the town. quarters of a mile from their main body. surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, a Their curiosity was aroused. No landing They set up camp. Women, old folks and British force setting out from Charles­ boats were launched. A great many of the children ca.me in great distress, drtven from inhabitants decided the only way to find out their homes by the British. There was no one ton made a raid on the colonial North who these sailors were, where they were from left in town to protect them. Carolina town of Beaufort. Led by Colo­ and why they had come to the Port, was to The next morning Easton collected a.bout nel John Easton, the citizens of Beaufort sail or row to the vessels. eight Lighthorse who were kept constantly fiercely resisted the British attack, and Major Denrus and his companion, Capt. patrolling and reconnoitering the enemy's after several days of battle finally drove Dedrick Gibble, from a high porch, viewed situation. Messengers were sent with orders the invaders back into the sea. Their the scene. Something strange was happening. for the Bogue and White Oak companies to heroic effort probably saved other Tar The boa.ts went out but not one returned. remain on the west side of the Newport River. Heel seacoast towns from similar British Upon discussion they decided it might be an under Major West, to prevent the enemy from enemy vessel. Gibble decided to look the plundering and destroying the public invasions. situation over and set out for the mysterious granary. A full account of the battle of Beau­ ships, carrying a flag of truce. Dark was fast A guard of 13 men was established at fort, written by Jean Bruyere Kell, ap­ approaching; he did not return. Becoming Barker's Island to observe the British actions pears in the Spring, 1976, issue of the alarmed Dennis hurried to Beaufort's Capt. there. A letter was sent from Capt. Wm. Bull, New East magazine, a fine regional pub­ Easton, reporting the several circumstances a prisoner on board the "Commodore", to lication devoted to the pa.st, present, and to him. Mrs. Thomson stating that the enemy would future of eastern North Carolina. The Easton quickly dispatched riders through­ be willing to have a treaty for exchange and article is entitled, "The Day the British out the country for help and to warn the parole of prisoners. people. He gathered what men he could find, Sunday, April 7, two of the town officers Took Beaufort." armed them with guns which had been and two of the enemy met to negotiate the Mr. President, I know that others will turned over to him when the local militia exchange of prisoners. Small parties had cap­ enjoy reading this interesting article, disbanded. tured a number of enemy as they went about and I ask unanimous consent that it be It was now dark. Easton and eight men plundering the town. A cease-fire was ar­ printed in the RECORD. began to patrol the shoreline. The sound of ranged for four o'clock but was not carried There being no objection, the article approaching boats was heard near the mouth out. Hostililties commenced again. A cannon was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, of Taylor's Creek (at that time east of Ful­ shot from Biddies Fort, now occupied by the as follows: ford Street). They all headed for the sentry enemy, fell on the camp. Militia from differ­ placed there. A voice shouting in from the ent parts of the county began to arrive. A THE DAY THE BRITISH TOOK BEAUFORT-THE boats was trying to convince the sentry that reconnoitering party arrived and reported LAST BATTLE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR they were friends. the enemy were staying close wilthln their Th account which follows, by Jean Kell Easton sensed the deception, called the works. But when Major Mount Florence ar­ of Beaufort, reveals an entirely new and un- sentry to him and ordered his men to fire. rived he reported the enemy were very busy known chapter in the history of North Caro­ Out through the night the guns rang as the moving the booty they had taken out to the lina. Working in the state archives on the defenders poured shot after shot on the ships. · Carteret County Bicentennial Book, of which landing party. On Monday, April 8, word was received that she is editor, Mrs. Kell was astonished to find The enemy retired about a half mile east­ the enemy had attempted to land and plun­ a blow-by-blow description of a major battle ward and landed their men on Carrot Island. der Barker's Island, but were repulsed by the at Beaufort, one full year after the surrender Then they crawled undiscovered and began men stationed there. Capt. Foot, command­ of Cornwallis and his British forces at York­ to ford the Creek about 300 yards from the ing twelve men in two boats, went out in town. Details of this la.st revolutionary bat­ point where Easton had posted a man. The the harbor to intercept the enemy's boa.ts tle, taken from contemporary journals and other men were patrolling their various sec­ carrying plunder and goods. Capt. Nixson, of documents, are given here for the first time tors. Two were near the spot where the enemy Onslow County, Joined the camp with thirty anywhere. were attempting to land. horsemen. The enemy shot another six pound The year was 1782, the time, April 3rd. A Just as the first rays light dawned, shots cannon ball into the camp. A large force ad­ feeling of warmth and peace was in the air, from the sentry's gun alarmed Easton, who vanced to the school house and fired upon the first April in seven long years that a man rushed up with four men, spotted the ford­ the sentry. A sktrmish ensued. Col. Ward ar­ could relax his vigilance and look toward the ing party, and ordered his force to open fire. rived with twenty men. The enemy retreated sea without apprehension. The continental The commander of the enemy contingent (a. behind the school house. A short time later army had, the fall before, won the decisive Major Stewart) was wounded, and a. private they set fire to it and retired to the Battery. battle at Yorktown. mortally injured. One of Easton's men re­ On Thursday, April 9, threats were received The peace treaty had not been signed. The ceived a slight wound in his thigh. They kept from the British Commanding officer that peace was not secure. But somehow that did up constant firing. the town of Beaufort would be destroyed. A not trouble the whalers on Shackleford's At 4:30 in the morning Easton and his party of men from the town forces surprised Banks, on the North Carolina coast, as they men retired to the town Battery, built a few the enemy plundering Lewis' home on the rested in the sun, near the recently deacti­ years before by the townsmen under the west side of North River, took three prisoners vated battery called Fort Hancock, exchang­ guidance of Capt. Charles Biddle. Here they and wounded five or six, including the officer ing tales and waiting for the cry, "Thar She found Major Dennis with three men with­ comm.anding the party. Blows." , out weapons. They were attempting to make Another alttempt was made for exchanging As they calmly watched, a ship and two plans for their next move when two men prisoners. Negotiations were resumed and schooners entered Cape Harbour (now ca.lied arrived and reported that the enemy were satisfactory ,arrangements ma.de. Cessation 13162 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 10, 1976 of firing was a.greed upon, to continue until THE CASE FOR FEDERAL CORPO­ the 1890's. New Jersey effectively legalized one o'clock the next day. RATE CHARTERS the trust by allowing one company to control At that time it was discovered that the the stock of another; it ended all size conp enemy had left town. The prisoner exchange straints, allowed nonvoting stock and stock took place, but only some of the town pris­ HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY watering, and gave chartered firms perpetual oners were returned. All of the enemy pris­ life. The result: while New Jersey granted oners were returned. OF NEW YORK 834 charters and earned $857 ,000 in charter­ The enemy did not fulfill their agreement. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing tax revenues in 1896, it granted 2,098 They detained two pilots and a number of Monday, May 10, 1976 charters and earned $8.2 million by 1906. other tovt'IlSmen, including some of William Then came Delaware, which drastically re­ Borden's slaves. Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. duced shareholder rights, enhanced manage­ On ta.lting possession of the town Battery, Speaker. corporate power in ,this country ment prerogative and allowed a corporation Easton and his men found the three guns has become one of the facts of American to conduct business in any way it chose as dismounted, one broken and the others economic life. How we can insure that long as the state did not explicitly forbid it­ spiked and filled with shot. Men set to work America's giant corporations exercise and Delaware forbade very little. As a con­ cleaning them out and by nightfall one was sequence, corporate franchise fees averaged ready for firing. that immense power in a responsible way 31 percent of its total state revenues from At midnight Captains Neal and Maston of is likely to become one of this Nation's 1913 to 1934. Craven County joined the camp with 40 men, most pressing problems in the next By 1963, other states had begun to catch and in the morning Capt. Dan reached. the decade. up, or come down, to Delaware's corporate town with 50 men. One of the single most important pro­ law standards. Delaware's state legislature Help had arrived too late. then created a commission, comprised of a The next morning, as soon as the other pooals to emerge in this area is the Fed­ few top corporate lawyers, to draft further gun was cleared, the townsmen began to eral Corporate Charting study produced liberalizations of the state corporation law. fire on one sloop that was getting under­ by Ralph Nader, Mark Green, and Joe] The legislature unanimously ratified the re­ way. Immediately the enemy began to can­ Seligman and published by the Corpo­ visions in 1967. Incorporations soon doubled. nonade the town. No one was ){illed or rate Accountability Research Group. Re­ By 1974, 76,000 corporations were chartered wounded, but two cannon balls went through cently, an excerpt from this study ap­ ln Delaware, including 52 of the top 100 cor­ two houses. Easton ordered Captains Fulford peared in the New York Times. I would porations and 251 of the largest 500---the · and Foot to Shackleford's Banks to prevent successful result of a law for sale. the enemy from getting water. like to call the aJttention of my colleagues The Constitution's silence about giant cor­ About nine o'clock that night, the enemy to the very important issues raised in porations was perhaps understandable for an set fire to the sloop, for some undetermined that article. I believe it contains a cogent agrarian economy in 1789, but it is anoma­ reason, destroying a quantity of provisions analysis, and many important sugges­ lous in 1976. It is time to "constitutionalize" and naval stores they could not get off. tions for restructuring the corporate the corporation, to provide checks and bal­ The following day the guards on Shackle­ world: ances between shareholders, the board and ford's Banks forced a British privateer and THE CASE FOR FEDERAL CORPORATE CHARTERS executives; decentralized decision-making; another ship, there to cover a landing pa.rty the limitation of powers; rights to free seeking water, to slip their cables and with­ (The following is excerpted from "Constitu- speech, disclosure and privacy, and freedotn draw, joining the fleet at Borden's Banks. tionalizing the Corporation: The Case for from monopoly, surveillance, and managerial When they surprised the landing party, they the Chartering of Giant Corporations," by tyranny; self-help and private property, and killed and wounded several of the men and Ralph Nader, Mark Green and Joel Selig­ an informed corporate constituency. destroyed their water casks. man, published by the Corporate Account­ A Federal Chartering Act would have sev­ The next morning the enemy withdrew ab111ty Research Group, Washington, D.C.) eral aims: from Borden's Banks toward the bar. A group The genius of our Constitution is that it To avoid executive oligarchy and to pro­ of townsmen set out to look over the charred guaranteed rights to powerless individuals mote more corporate democracy. Managers rema.ins of the sloop and were able to re­ against the powerful collective called govern­ must surrender some of their authority to trieve a three pound gun. Carrying it back ment so the people would control the govern­ the board of directors and to shareholders. to town where they were eagerly greeted. The ment, rather than the reverse. Victims must have direct rights of relief gun was mounted on the town fort. But after two centuries, nongovernment against corporate perpetrators. So in certain Sunday morning as the men spent their organizations have managed to escape the situations communities could vote to require time preparing shot, they saw a sloop com­ kind of accountability that a democracy im­ a plant to stop polluting, or workers could ing toward the bar. They tried in every way poses on its centers of power. These are our buy stock and, with cumulative voting, elect to signal that the ships in the harbor were giant corporations. They are effectively pri­ directors, or employees will be free to speak British, but to no avail. They were dismayed vate governments with vast direct and in­ and free from invasions of privacy by their when they saw the sloop "strike her colors" direct impact on communities, citizens, tax­ controlling employers. at the first shot from the enemy. It seemed payers, workers, investors, small businesses To increase disclosure by these corporate to some so apparent she could have made and future generations. powers. Because giant monopolies and oli­ her escape, had she only tried. The existing system of state chartering for gopolies frustrate the pro-consumer benefits The next morning the enemy landed a these corporations is a farce. The control of of government, this will not be a more aca­ party on Borden's Banks to search for water, national and multinational corporations re­ demic exercise--along the Hudson River, po­ a-long with troops to protect them. A captain quires national authority. Who would not be litical candidates cannot now avoid talking and 18 men were detached from camp in embarrassed to defend the proposition that about General Electric's highly publicized Beaufort to watch them. On seeing the men, only a state-and not the Federal Govern­ PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) contamina­ the enemy quickly made their way back to ment--can charter a General Motors or an tion of the river. their ships. International Telephone and Telegraph? To impose the discipline of competition on Desperate to destroy the enemy ships, the Also, our current economic crisis and corpo­ managers who want to exploit their market men prepared rafts, loaded them with tinder, rate crime wave underscore the failure of the polies, frustrate the pro-consumer benefits of pine knots, straw and tar. These they lighted corporate law system. To put it simply, if big economic competition-lower prices, less and sent on the tide toward the enemies, business today is so good, why are things so waste, more innovation, greater variety of watching breathlessly as they fiooted toward bad? goods, less centralized power-a program of their goal. Suddenly the wind changed and The pr9blem is ultimately one of power: deconcentration is essential. drove them on the beach where they burned how can we limit unaccountable power and To enable affected interests-consumers, out, their mission unaccomplished. The pilots how can we ensure that those who do exer­ workers, shareholders-to appeal directly to later reported that they at least greatly cise managerial power are the best managers court to vindicate their rights. Liberalized alarmed the men on the vessels. feasible? Federal chartering of the nation's standing and class action rules would facili­ On Thursday, April 16 the fleet made an 700 largest corporations seems the most logi­ tate this direct self-help against unrespon­ attempt to get underway, but a fresh wind cal and workable mechanism sive corporate or governmental bureauc­ made this impossible. The following day at In the early 1800's, charter; were selectively racies. 10 o'clock they weighed anoher and set sa.11. granted by the states, and contained limita- If enacted, the Federal chartering legisla­ The men in the Battery exchanged five shots tions on how large a company could grow, tion would provide that all corporations con­ with them. At midday they were over the where it could do business, and what busi­ tinue to incorporate in a state; the Federal bar, where they released all prisoners except ness it could engage in. After the Civil War, Government would additionally require the Borden's slaves. Two ships, two schooners, one the growth of railroads and the introduction largest of them to charter in Washington. sloop and one small boat set their course to­ of the trust device enabled industrialists like This dual system fully appreciates the con­ ward Charleston. John D. Rockefeller to dominate not merely stitutional principle of Federalism. The seige at Beaufort was over. It had a local market, nor even a regional market, · The act would cover all industrial, retail been the last battle of the Revolutionary but a national one. and transportation corporations which sold War, just seven years, lacking one day, from ~tate corporation laws began to retaliate more than $250 million in goods or services the first Battle at Concord Bridge, on April against such abusive activity; New Jersey in the United States in any one of the previ­ 18, 1775. went into the chartermongering business ln ous three years, or employed more than 10,- May 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13163 ooo persons here in one of those years and, dustry data can be released, not company­ F1n&lly, Federal chartering ts approxi.mately ln either case, were listed on a national se­ by-company data. And the SEC's failure to as sociallstic a concept as Federal charters curities exchange or held of record at least promote uniform accounting rules has for banks, which have existed since 1864, or 2,000 shareholders. The reforms could be worked to keep the investing public often the Justice Department's proposal in 1975 to tailored to the operations of the largest fi­ uninformed about a firm's true performance. shlft regulation of insurance companies from nancial corporation in subsequent proposals. Even at the Federal level, it has been ar­ the states to Washington. It ls probable that some United States cor­ gued, governments are often "so woefully un­ If anythlng, the precise reverse of Federal porations will consider fleeing abroad rather lnformed of corporate affairs that even honest chartering lea..dlng to a Federal take-over than complying with an effective Federal and well-intentioned men cannot effectively might be true. As buslness grows bigger, less chartering law. The exchange listing and execute public policy." accountable and less law-abidlng, govern­ 2,000 American shareholder provlsions would As for employee relations, while the Consti­ ment will be compelled to extend its author­ ensure they cannot. Delisting and ellmina­ tution carefully restrains all levels of govern­ ity over this rogue elephant ln our midst. tion of all but 1,999 United States share­ ment from invading the rights of citlzens, it holders would be a. practical 1.mpossibillty for effectively allows every business corporation most domestic giants. to do so. A 1974 Senate study esti.mated that The Securities and Exchange Commlssion between 200,000 and 300,000 private business PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES AT would enforce most of the act's provisions­ polygraph tests are administered each year; although the Federal Trade Commlssion two surveys esti.mated that companies eaves­ WORK could handle the disclosure sections and the drop on or lnvestlgate the loyalty of one­ Justice Department's antitrust division, the fifth of all American workers. antlmonopoly provlsions. Corporate officers "We complain about government and busi­ HON. JOHN P. MURTHA convicted of a willful violation of the act ness, we stress the advantages of the free OF PENNSYLVANIA would not be allowed to serve as an officer or enterprise system, we complain about the to­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES director in an American corporation or part­ talitarian state," said General Robert E. nership to five yea.rs. Fines should be cali­ Wood, former chai.rman of the board of Sears, Monday, May 10, 1976 brated to annual corporate sales--a violation Roebuck & Company, "but in our individual Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, on May 4 by G.M. should not be penalized as though organizations . . . we have created more or and 5, I had the opportunity to make an perpetrated by Mrs. Smith's Pie-and should less of a. totalitarian system in industry, par­ inspection tour of the 458th Engineer increase for repeated viola'tions. ticularly ln large industry." • These serious penalties recognlze that, un­ Federally chartered corporations would be Battalion, U.S. Army Reserve, which was like, say, the 1.mpetuous murder of a. spouse, required to observe First Amendment re­ at summer camp for their annual field corporate crime ls committed by sophlsti­ qui.rements of free speech and assembly, training at Indiantown Gap, Pa. cated and deliberative business persons who which would prohibit retaliation against Arriving late Tuesday evening, I carefully weigh the costs and benefits. employees who in good faith ·communicate shared the company officer first mess In few aspects does state corporation law apparent corporate violations of law to direc­ night and had a briefing by Maj. Willie fall quite so completely as the state's inabil­ tors, legislatures or law enforcement agen­ E. Dixon, Jr., Commander, 99th U.S. ity-or unwillingness-to enforce the law. cies. These giant companies would also re­ Enforcement of prohibition seemed vigorous spect the privacy of its employees: for exam­ Army Reserve Command. We discussed by comparison. ple, the use of hidden microphones or tele­ the 458th, a unit which has achieved a Delaware has no enforcement wing. In fact, vision cameras, which violate the privacy of high level of expertise and training. of the 22 states that responded to a survey numerous lnnocent employees, would be pro­ They have done a great deal of on the subject last year, 18 acknowledged scribed; employees would be able to examlne outstanding work for communities that they did not employ a single person to thei.r corporate personnel files. throughout Pennsylvania. The unit has enforce the substantive provisions of thei.r While the states were gutting thei.r laws, worked in rehabilitating streams, re­ corporation laws. Not one could point to a three major merger waves-in 1898-1902, building parks, and other worthwhile single instance of punishing a corporation in 1925-1929 and 1967-1969-led to a concen­ 1972, 1973 or 1974, other than for failing to community endeavors. I well remember tration of industrial assets in this country; the unit for its work during a snowstorm ipay franchise taxes or file an annual report. nearly two-thi.rds of our manufacturing sec­ Most had no idea. whether the corporations tor is now controlled by oligopolies and the that paralyzed traffic in the Johnstown­ they did penalize subsequently complled largest 200 industrial firms own about two­ Somerset area and stranded hundreds of with sanctions. thlrds of all industrial assets. motorists along the Pennsylvania Turn­ The enforcement record of the Securities More competition is an important antidote pike. and Exchange Commission-the existing to corporate power. Thus, no Federally char­ On May 5, 1976, Company B, headed agency we believe best suited to enforce most tered corporation should be allowed to ac­ by 1st Lt. David F. Angelo from Indiana, of the Federal Chartering Act-shines by quire any company among the eight largest Pa., was presented with a special award comparison. in any lndustry where four or fewer concerns for _their high level of training and effi­ In another problem area, while on paper control 50 percent or more of the market. ciency during the past year. giant corporations may appear to be expres­ And to the extent such corporations do make sions of democracy, with shareholder-owners acquisitions in unconcentrated industries, Maj. Samuel P. Contacos was awarded electing di.rectors who "manage the corpora­ they must within three months divest them­ the Anny Commendation Medal for ex­ tion" and who select and oversee the cor­ selves of an approxlmately equal amount of ceptionally meritorious service in the porate officers. assets. There would be a presumption of ille­ performance of his duties as the Bat­ But because management controls the gal monopoly power lf four or fewer corpora­ talion S-3 for the 458th headquartered nominating and proxy machinery, the ex­ tions accounted for 50 percent or more of a in Johnstown, Pa. penditure of corporate funds and the use of market for any two consecutive years among On Wednesday morning, I had a good corporate personnel in election contests, its the most recent five. An Anti.monopoly Court opportunity to watch and discuss the di.rectorial candidates and its resolutions al­ would determine appropriate relief, which most invariably prevail-99.7 percent of all would usually entail divestiture. training with Lt. Col. Harry A. McMul­ di.rectors' elections in our largest corpora­ Several counter-arguments to Federal char­ len, commander of the 458th, Maj. Frank tions are uncontested. And under Delaware tering can be, and have been, made, lnclud­ H. Spriggs, battalion executive officer, law, there are very few management activi­ lng the following. and Capt. David R. Benner, commander ties which actually trigger a shareholder Isn't it just more regulation? of company A. vote. G.M. could sell off its Buick divlsion Won't Federal charterlng be a costly bur­ I found the unit's major work on that and not need to get shareholder approval. den on buslness? day to be the construction of permanent Of an average 14.49 di.rectors on the boards replacements along the tank trails at of the top 200 industrial companies, 6.56 are Wlll it lead to a Federal take-over of busi­ "inside di.rectors" employed by or beholden ness, to socialism? Indiantown Gap. Work was also being to the chief executive, while 69 percent of In answer to the first, a relnforced S.E.C. done on barracks construction. The the "outsiders" are simpatico fellow corpo­ and Justice's antitrust dlvlslon would en­ work was realistic training for engineer­ rate executives. Said one executive, "I can't force the law. Historically, these two agen­ ing that would have to be done during think of a single time when the board has cies have made the market process work bet­ combat. It is also work that will save the failed to support a proposed policy of man­ ter, rather than substituted for it. Indeed, Government substantial sums of money. agement." Thus the Penn-Central board, like it is when the market fails to perform as I have been a firm believer in the work most cuckolds, was among the last to dis­ expected and when such agencies fall to take corrective action that we get truly burden­ of the National Guard and Reserve cover the truth. units. I believe increasingly these units Secrecy often seems the first rule of corpo­ some regulation, like wage and price controls. rate bureaucracies-whether they are dealing As for the cost burden, it would fall not must undertake the manpower commit­ with citizens, Congress or the regulatory on the approximately 1.8 million small and ments of our Nation. I certainly saw agencies. Indeed, the Federal government of­ moderate size businesses in this country, but nothing during this visit that would ten promotes thls secrecy by its "rule of only on those 700 giants who, given their s1M alter that opinion; in fa.ct, I am more confidentiality," whereby only aggregate in- '1.nd impact, can best afford and deserve it. convinced than ever. CXXII--831-Part 11 13164 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 10', 1976 I was impressed by the dedication of practical approach to the demonstration of BILL ANDERSON RETIRES FROM these young men who are working so the commercial viab111ty of synthetic fuels. CHICAGO TRIBUNE It is a well delineated program with specific hard to upgrade their skills in case they goals. The first phase of the program would are needed in a national emergency. The involve construction and operation of from men and their families should be com­ 12 to 17 commercial size plants using various HON· EDWARD J. DERWINSKI mended for the difficulties and life dis­ processes and with a total capacity of 360,000 OF n.LINOIS locations they endure in order to be pro­ barrels of oil equivalent per day. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The National Association of Manufacturers ficient in case of an emergency. Monday, May 10, 1976 There is no doubt in my mind after believes that this is an important program seeing the proficiency and concern of and represents a necessary component for a Mr. DER.WINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Bill balanced national energy program. Conse­ Anderson, for many years Washington these troops that the Defense Depart­ quently, we support H.R. 12112 and urge its ment allocation to the reserves is the favorable consideration by Congress. correspondent of the Chicago Tribune most cost effective money in the defense and at one time its city editor, retired budget. from that publication last week after 20 years of service. Mr. Anderson will be MILWAUKEE BASED BUSINESS pursuing a new assignment in the field NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANU­ WINS AWARD of journalism. FACTURERS ENDORSES FEDERAL During his career at the Tribune, Bill LOAN GUARANTEES FOR DEVEL­ Anderson had a variety of assignments OPMENT OF SYNTHETIC FUELS HON. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. which he filled effectively in the great FROM COAL, OIL SHALE, AND OF WISCONSIN tradition of that publication. As one who WASTE MATERIALS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES respected his journalistic talents and as a friend, I insert Bill's final column which Monday, May 10, 1976 appeared Monday, May 3, 1976, in the HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE Mr. KASTEN. Mr. Speaker, last week RECORD, since it is an honest expression OF TEXAS the Medical Systems Division of the Gen­ of a dedicated individual and a tribute IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eral Electric Corp. in Milwaukee was to a great newspaper. awarded the President's "E" award. This By the way, Mr. Speaker, lest I get car­ Monday, May 10, 1976 award recognizes outstanding exPort ried away with the journalistic side of Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, Douglas performance by American business. The Bill Anderson, I should mention he is Kenna, president of the National Asso­ "E" signifies exPorts, expansion, excel­ one of Washington's most eligible bache­ ciation of Manufacturers endorsed lence and effort. lors, a gourmet cook, and I wish him well strongly synthetic fuel development with In order to qualify for the award the as he enters a new era of his journalistic the aid of Federal loan guarantees. He company must dramatically increase its . career. stated that the NAM feels that unless exports over a 3-year period. The The article follows: we place increasing emphasis on domes­ company must also demonstrate break­ A WRITER SAYS GOODBYE AND THANKS TO tic energy supplies, there will be a grow­ throughs in especially competitive mar­ "A GREAT NEWSPAPER" ing imbalance between overall energy kets, introduction of a new product into ( By Bill Anderson) supply and demand. Forty percent of our U.S. export trade, or the opening of new In 1956 a tall and skinny Bill Anderson national energy consumption is used by markets. from the hills of East Tennessee joined The industry. Only with assured supplies for The President's "E" award was in­ Chicago Tribune as a reporter happy to be the future can industrial America hope troduced in 1961 as a revival of the earning $100 a week. to provide the products which have be­ World War II "E" pennants awarded to Today, after 20 years, I am leaving The come so important to our health, safety, industrial plants for superior produc­ Tribune. tion. Now it reflects superiority in the ex­ This is both a personal and professional and comfort. move for me, and I want this column to According to Mr. Kenna, vigorous en­ port field. But the message remains the reflect a constructive appreciation for many ergy conservation measures are vital, but same; business excellence should be rec­ people. Please pardon any nostalgia slipping they alone will not be able to close the ognized. The "E" certificate symbolizes through the typewriter. energy gap. He says: the important contributions made by ag­ The first thing I want to say is something For this reason, we support efforts t.o pro­ gressive American exportePs, not the good about The Chicago Tribune. As far as mote the use of synthetic fuels, which prom­ least of which is the creation of jobs I am concerned, it is a great newspaper. ise to provide new supplies of gas and liquid prompted by export expansion. I think it could be better, but so could I fuels, while harnessing abundant domestic We are extremely proud that the Medi­ and all other newspapers. I don't always agree supplies of coal, oil shale and waste materials. with the editorial content or even the news cal Systems Division, which has four emphasis; some editors say the same about Although we now have synthetic fuels' manufacturing facilities in the Milwau­ my column. technologies that are viable, there are kee area-employing 3,400 people-was I bold the logic that a newspaper is nothing restraints that continue to block their selected for this award. more or less than people. Obviously, it is es­ commercialization. The most important The Medical Systems Division is the sential to make a profit to publish a news­ leading U.S. producer of diagnostic medi­ paper and probably necessary to circulate of these concern initial capital costs and and promote it with vigor from a fine pro­ environmental and regulatory uncer­ cal and dental x-ray systems. It also pro­ duces patient monitoring systems for in­ duction base. tainties. It is no accident that The Tribune has Capital costs for a synthetic fuel proj­ tensive care units, cardiac pacemakers been successful over the years. The leadership ect could run as high as $1 billion for a and nuclear diagnostic equipment. has attracted great professionals in every single plant that woul~ produce 250 mil­ The steady growth of the Medical Sys­ sector, from the loading docks up through the lion cubic feet of synthetic natural gas tems Division should not only be praised, pressrooms to the news department. per day. With no assurance of commer­ but also held up as an example of what Every step toward the final product has cial success, financial institutions would American enterprise can do. The growth the human quality. Without advertising and of export business means a larger mar­ that sales effort, the cost to the public would hesitate to invest capital of this propor­ be prohibitive. tion. By constructing a limited number ket. This precipitates corporate expan­ Few people in Chicagoland got to read one of commercial size facilities, we could not sion-expansion that means more jobs of the fl.nest news efforts this publication only demonstrate the commercial f ea­ for Americans. This economic growth ever produced a few years ago. The reason? sibllity of synthetic fuels but we would benefits the entire Nation. The trucks couldn't get to the carriers be­ also obtain information to help solve Performance of the division is espe­ cause of the snow storm that closed Chicago. some of the environmental uncertainties cially commendable in view of the fact The point is that everybody pitched in and associated with these projects. that its three main competitors are for­ tried his best: printers, engravers, pressmen, eign firms. Its success is a testimony to reporters, photogra.phers, editors, and Mr. Kenna stated: clerks-with the business office bearing the There Is clearly a pressing need to build the dynamism of American business. cost of feeding and bunking a huge staff to a more solid base for a domestic snythetic I congratulate the management and produce a revenue loser. fuels industry through actual operating ex­ employees of the Medical Systems Divi­ Tribune people-not machines-rose to the perience. The two billion dollar program pro­ sion of General Electric for producing occasion. I could write a book about similar posed 1n your bill, H.R. 12112, represents a this success story. occasions; they range from riots to conven- May 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13165 tions, from tornadoes to mass murders. Even I am introducing today a resolution often more effective than legal pressure. the shortest story in the paper often requires which asks the Secretary of Agriculture Think about it. And why not? an exceptional human effort. My guess is that one of the reasons The to study the whey supply situation and Tribune has been so widely accepted is that to advise the House Committee on Agri­ other people recognize the human effort, the culture of his :findings. My resolution quality and professionalism. I have never met also directs the · U.S. Department of THE FOREIGN AID BILL VETO a single person who fully agrees with every­ Agriculture to research potential uses thing they read in any newspaper-and I of liquid, condensed, and powdered whey. HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN hope I never will. The credibllity of The Trlbune--or any OF CALIFORNIA other publication-lies not in conforming, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES but in being fair and human, positive and ARE FOR Monday, May 10, 1976 even provocative in being informative. Not YOU PAYING everyone liked our Save Lake Michigan cam­ UNEMPLOYMENT Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, the paign, but it helped trigger a great national Pr'esident's veto of the foreign aid au­ environmental movement--one still being HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY thorization is, in my judgment, unwar­ debated. ranted and irresponsible. It severely un­ I take great persona.I and professional pride OF NEW YORK in being a participant in that campaign and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dermines the Congress' new policy of many others. I have been very lucky at The bringing the content of our arms sales Chicago Tribune, benefiting greatly from the Monday, May 10, 1976 practices abroad more in line with the association with the kind of people men­ Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. ideals and values we cherish as a Nation. tioned in this column. Speaker, once again, the editor of Suf­ The President's vet.o also greatly com­ With their help, I have done almost every folk Life newspapers has taken an in­ plicates the question of funding for newsroom task at The Tribune, from moving office furniture to assigning reporters as their sightful and critical look at an important Israel and other nations in the Middle city editor. They have led me to adopt issue and written about it in a way that East for the current fiscal year. The Chicago and agree with Mayor Daley that brings it right home to the average citi­ money authorized in this bill-nearly $3.2 Chicago is really a great town. zen. David Willmott's unique insights billion, almost all of which is earmarked But all my good friends know I remain a provide a way of bringing government for the Middle East-is designed to un­ stubborn, unvarnished hlllbllly from East spending and programs down to human derwrite the Sinai disengagement agree­ Tennessee. We are a very independent breed; terms, and indeed, show how each of us ment and to keep Israel strong enough to not everyone likes that. So, even though I am now heavier and making a lot more can contribute to restoring a sense of discourage Arab aggression. If the Con­ money, I am going to climb a different moun­ responsibility to many of our institu­ gress and the President do not act im­ tain. tions. mediately to appropriate funds for the I thank all of you for a great 20 years. I hope that our colleagues will take a Middle East, we may well be jeopardizing few minutes to read the fallowing per­ the stability of the Sinai Accord and the spective, from Suffolk Life, May 5, 1976: peace of this area. You ARE PAYING FOR UNEMPLOYMENT There is a more disturbing aspect to 'REQUEST FOR STUDY OF WHEY You probably think your employer is pay­ the President's veto today. Administra­ SUPPLY SITUATION ing the premium for unemployment insur­ tion representatives made clear to Con­ ance. Not so. You, as both an employee and a gressmen who were sympathetic to HON. ALVIN BALDUS consumer are paying this cost. Israel that if the human rights provision Most progressive business people budget a in the bill were not weakened or elimi­ OF WISCONSIN fixed amount for labor cost. Part is paid out nated, the President might be forced to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES directly in salaries, other portions of this money is paid out for fringe benefits. The reassess his support for the level of funds Monday, May 10, 1976 cost of his unemployment insurance is one earmarked for Israel. These kinds of of the over-head items. It runs from 2% per veiled threats ill-befit the special rela­ Mr. BALDUS. Mr. Speaker, in a world cent to 5 per cent of overall payroll cost. where millions consume substandard tionship which exists between Israel and These costs determine the final price the the United States and the leadership diets, recent events have led to a situ­ businessman charges for his product. ation whereby excess supplies of whey, Unemployment insurance is useful as it from our Chief Executive. a nutritious food gained in the produc­ provides interim income between periods of The Pr'esident's argument that this bill tion of cheese, have accumulated in our legitimate employment. It enables the deserves a veto because it seeks to place country. worker, who by circumstance, finds himself controls on the exports of arms, and the As a result of rulings by the Environ­ out of a job. It is supposed to tide him over conditions under which they can be ex­ mental Protection Agency, and by State and keep him from suffering financial disas­ ported, is utterly unjustified. ter until he is able to find employment. For the first time, this legislation seeks environmental agencies, cheese manu­ You probably know of former fellow work­ facturers have spent millions of dollars ers who deliberately avoid employment so to assure that our arms sales policies on the construction of facilities to proc­ they can collect unemployment insurance. reflect a more principled and rational ess whey by drying and evaporating it. You probably know of friends and relatives approach. Its purpose is not to paralYZe Whey is a by-product obtained in the who are not actively seeking jobs, but are the President's ability to make foreign manufacturing of cheese. At this time, "working off the books". They are "beating policy, but only to make the President increased supplies of whey have sig­ the system". But you are paying for this. more accountable to the Congress and Each of us who is presently employed is the American people for the military aid nificantly limited markets open for paying for these abuses. These people are be­ whey. Today the cost of producing whey ing pa.id by the sweat of your brow and at we extend to foreign countries. is in excess of the market price of whey. your expense. They probably do not consider This bill does not tie the President's Cheese manufacturers are finding it in­ themselves thieves, just average people tak­ hands in this area. creasingly impossible to find processors ing advantage of a good thing. But, they are The simple fact is that for every~stand­ willing to convert whey to powdered subject to criminal prosecution and they ard which the Congress is seeking to form. This results in the waste of a valu­ should be prosecuted. apply to our arms sale program-be it the You would do something to stop thievery $9 able food source and also in higher pro­ where you know it exists. You should not billion ceiling on sales, or the cauter­ duction costs and higher prices for have a guilty conscience about reporting ization of the flow of weapons to repres­ cheese. someone who is accepting work "off the sive military regimes, or limiting the sale Whey has a number of usages which books" while collecting unemployment. He is of arms to countries which harbor ter­ includes the fortification of food for a. thief. You would have no qualms about re­ rorists-the President may secure a human consumption. Powdered whey porting to the pollce someone who is stealing waiver from these limitations if he can contains thirteen percent protein and from your home. Even though there is very show it is in the national interest to do seventy percent lactose, and is used in little you can do legally to force a person to so. take a job for which he ls qualtfled but you the production of baked goods, bever­ can pressure these people by letting them The President's veto of this bill, there­ ages, canned goods, cheese products, con­ know that they are stealing from you, and fore, is a candid admission to the Amer­ fections, frozen foods, frozen desserts, causing you to work harder because of their ican people that this administration in­ and animal feeds. lack of morals and scruples. Peer pressure ts tends to do nothing to change the policies 13166 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 10, 1976 which have made the United States the eign countries-with the overwhelming CONGRESSMAN LENT'S SIXTH biggest gun runners in the world, that we share going to the Arab oil producing ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE intend to do nothing to end our military states in a frantic scramble for their support of repressive military regimes, petrodollars. Moreover, the United States HON. NORMAN F. LENT and that we intend to do nothing to put llas often become strongly identified, often because of its arms policies, as a OF NEW YORK pressure on those countries which toler­ principal supporter of corrupt dictator­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ate the presence of international ter­ ships on several continents. rorists within their borders. Monday, May 10, 1976 In the wake of Vietnam and Water­ Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, in March of Past experience has shown that the gate, and the revelations of extensive President, acting alone, is either unwill­ this year, I sent my sixth annual ques­ abuses by the CIA, it is clear that the tionnaire to all the homes in the Fourth ing or unable to control the export of President should no longer be allowed to arms, -0r be guided by a foreign Policy Congressional District. I am pleased that conduct foreign policy with a blank approximately 15,000 of my constituents which has clear moral underpinnings. check from the Congress and the Amer­ took the time to respond. As is my cus­ Since 1973 alone, the United States ican people. tom, I am pleased to include the results has extended more than $37 billion in I urge my colleagues in the Congress to of the questionnaire in the RECORD at this military and security assistance to for- override this veto. · point, for the benefit of my colleagues:

RESULTS OF CONGRESSMAN LENT'S 6TH ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE [In percent)

No No response/ response/ Favor Oppose undecided Favor Oppose undecided

1. A bill has been proposed to give Federal employees the 7. Do you favor or oppose increased U.S. assistance to the right to strike in bargaining for increased wages and State of Israel? ______37. 3 59. 5 3.1 benefits. Do you favor or oppose giving Federal em- 8. Do yo_u fa~or or op~os; pending legislation to break up the ployees the right to strike? ______------____ _ 18. 4 79.1 2.5 maJor 011 companies. ______------65.4 29.3 5.3 2: Do you favor or oppose U.S. assistance to the pro-Western 9. Do you favor or oppose offshore drilling for oil?. ___ ------67.2 28.6 4.1 military forces in Angola? ___ ------____ ------·- ______28.2 66.8 5.0 10. Do you favor or oppose making public the budget and 3. Do you favor or oppose mandatory national health insurance details offoreign intelligence operations of the CIA?_ ----- 27.2 69.3 3. 5 for all, financed by payroll deductions, with the tax- 11. Do you favor or oppose returning the U.S. Postal Service to payers paying the costfor low-income families? ______29.2 66.9 3. 9 congressional control, and ending its status as an "inde- 4. Do you favor or oppose President f"ord's proposal for pendent" entity?------_____ • ---- ______-- ____ ------67. 8 23. 9 8. 3 catastrophic health insurance to cover extraordinary 12. Do you favor or oppose Congressional efforts to hold the medical expenses for medicare patients, putting a ceil· line on Federal spending for human and social programs?_ 72. 7 23.1 4. 2 ing on how much any senior citizen should have to pay out 13. Do you favor or oppose spending enough on defense to of his or her own pocket for medical and hospital care? ___ _ 75.3 20. 8 3. 9 maintain a military balance with the Soviet Union and 5. Do you favor or oppose le~slation to expand coverage Communist China?_------81. 7 15. 2 3.1 under medicare to such items as medicine and eye- 14. Do you favor or oppose my bill to halt forced busing of glasses, financed through the Social Security System? ____ _ 50. 8 46.4 2.9 public school children? ______------91. 5 6.6 1. 9 6. Most experts agree that the means of funding our Social Security System must be reformed in the next few Better Same Worse years. Do you favor or oppose lowering the Social Security payroll tax rate to 3.9 percent and broadening 15. How do you rate our nation's economic situation today as the wage base to $25,0007 __ • ______------65. 0 26.6 8.5 compared to a year ago7 ______------30.0 34.0 37

CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS SENIOR CITIZENS SHOULD GET on my experiences overseas in the REF10RM ACT OF 1976 FOREIGN MILITARY ASSISTANCE Army, it makes us no friends. While we FUNDS continue to arm both sides of conflicts around the world, we are told our senior HON. IKE F. ANDREWS citizens programs must be cut. Does this OF NORTH CAROLINA HON. LARRY PRESSLER make sense? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF SOUTH DAKOTA Monday, May 10, 1976 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, May 10, 1976 Mr. ANDREWS of North Carolina. FLATBUSH COMMUNITY HONORING Mr. Speaker, I have today joined with a Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, I have DR. BENJAMIN Z. KREITMAN number of my colleagues in cosponsor­ today sent a letter to the President and ing the Consumer Communications Re­ the chairman of the House Internation­ form Act of 1976. al Relations Committee saying that $3.2 HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ Recent decisions by the Federal Com­ billion in a foreign military assistance OF NEW YORK munications Commission and responses bill should be used for senior citizens IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES made by the telephone industry raise here at home. I also stated I would vote Monday, May 10, 1976 questions which are extremely important to sustain the President's recent veto 6f to the general public. It is my hope that this bill because the money would be Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, by cosponsoring this bill I can help to used to support both sides of foreign May 16, the Flatbush community is focus the attention of the communica­ military wars. honoring Dr. Benjamin Z. Kreitman, the tions industry, the Federal Communica­ I specifically propase that the $3.2 spiritual leader of Congregation Shaare tions Commission, the Congress, and the billion instead be used to: Torah, as the recipient of its annual Dis­ public at large on the issues involved First, make the social security pro­ tinguished Leadership Award. and encourage movement toward an ap­ gram actuarially sound; Rabbi Kreitman is a man of many prop:riate resolution thereof. Second, expand the green thumb pro­ talents and abilities. The United Syna­ In cosponsoring the Consumer Com­ gram, which is widely used in rural gogue of America, the congregational munications Reform Act of 1976, I wish States such as South Dakota to provide arm of the conservative Jewish move­ to express a reservation. Based on my senior citizens employment opportunities ment, consisting of over 850 members, general understanding of the bill after at a minimum wage; and elected him to serve as its executive rather limited study, I am prone to agree Third, expand senior citizens nutri­ vice president. He is also the president of with its provisions. However, I antici­ tional program. the Brooklyn Jewish Community Coun­ pate further, more comprehensive con­ I voted against the foreign military as­ cil, the Brooklyn Zionist Region, and sideration of this bill and the questions sistance bill when it was on the House holds a responsible civic position as a at issue before I bind myself to support floor. This measure provides military aid member of the New York Board of any particular provision. to both sides of foreign conflicts. Based Health. May 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13167 He is a teacher and leader of un­ century with the unspeakable horror at Cleveland has played in the past and will matched skills and compassion. He has Auschwitz and Buchenwald. continue to portray in the future as our always been available to try and help Seen in this context of tears and trag­ country moves into its third century. anyone who might need his assistance edy, the establishment of the State of and his kindness and understanding has Israel is, therefore, a momentous turn­ set an example that few people can ing point in the history of the Jewish equal. people. The nation was carved out of bed­ ON THE NEED FOR STANDARDS TO In addition to his role as a religious rock, desert, and malarial swamp sur­ INSURE QUALITY MAIL SERVICE leader, Rabbi K.reitman has placed a rounded by hostile neighbors. Yet the great emphasis on involvement in civic courage and tough determination forged HON. CHRISTOPHER J. DODD affairs. He recognized that a rabbi must during their centuries of exile enabled OF CONNECTICUT be involved in the daily life of the com­ the Jews to face these problems with munity, and he has spent countless hours vigor and unwavering enthusiasm. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in trying to keep Flatbush a desirable Today, as a nation of some 3 million Monday, May 10, 1976 place in which to live. His perception of people, Israel can rightfully boast of its Mr. DODD. Mr. Speaker, the Postal problems and his ability to develop solu­ astounding record of economic, political, Service has undertaken a program of tions has made him one of the persons to and social accomplishments. In spite of consolidating rural operations in an ef­ whom the community turns to in the continuing problems of heaVY arma­ fort to economize. In many communities troubled times. ment expense and the integration into this has resulted in plans for closing cer­ I have known Dr. Kreitman for a num­ their society of many new immigrants, tain small post offices, and I think we are ber of years and I have only the greatest Israel has not abandoned its innovative all very much aware of the controversy respect for his learning, judgment, and spirit or sympathetic interest in the peo­ this generated. inspiring leadership. I feel honored to ple of other lands with similar problems. While I concur with the Postal Serv­ count him not only as a constitutent Encouraging other small nations, not ice that a more efficient and economical but as a true friend. I know my colleagues only by example but also with substan­ operation is sorely needed, I feel that the join me in saluting this outstanding tive action, Israel conducts programs of present methods they use in determining religious and civic leader. technical assistance, on-the-job training what post offices should be closed, and courses, and the loan of experts and in­ what type of alternative service will best structors to scores of nations in the less provide for the needs of the community developed areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin are inadequate. THE 28th ANNIVERSARY OF THE ES­ America. If the Postal Service is reluctant to es­ TABLISHMENT OF THE STATE OF In a mere 28 years of existence, the tablish the necessary guidelines to insure ISRAEL State of Israel has contributed mightily quality mail service will continue in with energy and imagination to our hopes towns where alternative service is pro­ and dreams for the eventual establish­ posed, then Congress must take this ini­ HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO ment of a creative, democratic, and pro­ OF ll.LINOIS tiative. For this reason I have cospon­ gressive world community of nations. sored the Small Post Office Preservation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES To the citizens of Israel and their Act (H.R. 13576) , which was introduced Monday, May 10, 1976 friends in this and every other nation, I by the distinguished gentleman from join my colleagues in the Congress in a Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, on May Wis~onsin (Mr. KASTENMEIER). and I tribute on this special day. May the State testified before the House Post Office and 15 we commemorate the anniversary of of Israel continue to be a source of en­ an event of stirring' significance and in­ Civil Service Subcommittee on Postal couragement and inspiration for all peo­ Service last week in support of this leg­ spiration in mankind's continuing strug­ ples of the world. gle for freedom and dignity-the day islation. upon which 28 years ago the Jewish peo­ Because this is a matter of concern to ple proclaimed the independent sovereign the majority of my colleagues, I would Republic of Israel. THE STORY OF CLEVELAND like to insert my testimony in the REC­ The founding of Israel is a vital, living ORD for their consideration of my views monument to the persistence and hero­ on this important legislation: ism of a people who have suffered many HON. RONALD M. MOTTL STATEMENT OF U.S. REPRESENTATIVE CHRISTO­ centuries of persecution and know only OF OHIO PHER J. DoDD BEFORE THE HOUSE POST OF­ too well the bitterness and despair of an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FICE AND CIVIL SERVICE SUBCOMMITTEE ON POSTAL SERVICE, MAY 6, 1976 existence without even the most basic Monday, May 10, 1976 freedoms. Mr. Chairman, I would like to thank you, The strategic location of the tradi­ Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, a new mag­ and the distinguished members of the Sub­ azine, Cleveland-Yesterday Through committee on Postal Service, for allowing me tional homeland of the Jews, as a cross­ to testify today in support of the Small Post road of commerce and cultural exchange Tomorrow, is now available at the Office Preservation Act (H.R. 13576) which among three continents, has made the Library of Congress. This well-done has been introduced. by Congressman Kas­ Jewish nation a prime target of foreign publication outlines the glorious past of tenmeier, and which I have co-sponsored. invaders. Under ancient kings and as Cleveland, describes its present state I also want to take this opportunity to part of ancient empires, the Jews suf­ and gazes a bit int.o the future. bring to the attention of .the Subcommittee fered massacre, deportation, and slavery. Th Bicentennial Year magazine was members some of the concerns and experi­ published by Matthew J. Fenn, makeup ences I have ha.d with regard to actions taken The Roman Empire imposed its will on by the Postal Service to close certain small, the Jewish people for several centuries editor of the Cleveland Press, and his son rural post offices in my district-the Sec­ during which time-70 A.D.-Jerusalem David M., a Cleveland advertising man. ond Congressional District of Connecticut. was again besieged and, after a heroic de­ The articles were written by some of the It goes without saying that the Postal fense, its people were reduced to starva­ best writers and reporters in Greater Service ls grossly. mismanaged. Since it was tion. This event coincided with the final Cleveland. Artwork was provided by some created by Congress in 1970, from the old Diaspora and the subsequent elimination of the city's leading photographers. Department of the Post Office, we have wit­ of Palestine as the focal point of Jewish The 64-page publication includes an nessed spiralling postal rates, and large fed­ indepth look at Cleveland's history, eral subsidies-a.bout $1.6 billion annually culture and civilization for almost 2,000 for the past 3 yea.rs, and '8.11 equal amount years. downtown development, business and in­ projected for fiscal 1977-necessary to keep Throughout the Middle Ages, in most ,dustry, government, education, trans­ them in the black. Yet despite these finan­ of the countries of the world, the Jews portation, culture, religion, medical and cial supports, pa.id for by mailers and tax­ were severely restricted in their civil and scientific contributions, and major sports payers, we have seen a. steady decline in the religious liberties, as well as being sub­ achievements. quality of service. There can be no excuses jected to periodic physical harassment or I urge my colleagues to look through made for this; the Postal Service is intended outright persecution by fire and sword. Cleveland-Yesterday Through Tomor­ to be just that-a "service"-a.nd the peo­ This sad history culminated in the 20th row to gain an insight into the role that ple of this Nation have every right to ei- 13168 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 10, 1976 pect that their interests and needs in this atorium on closings, establishing a new series a manner which is both reasonable and prac­ area be given top priority. of studies, or requiring Congressional ap­ tical for the Postal Service and the people of In the time since I ha. ve been in Congress proval before the decision is made to close towns where post offices may be closed. I it has become increasingly clear to me that any post office-there have been bllls intro­ strongly urge that the provisions of this leg­ one of the underlying problems in the fail­ duced which call for each of these meas­ islation be included in the next bill reported ure of the Postal Service to provide decent ures-the Small Post Office Preservation Act by this Subcommittee. customer service appears to be that there are gives the Postal Service three options when I want to thank you again, Mr. Chairman, few definitive national standards which must evaluating possible changes in the kind of and the other distinguished members of this be met in connection with some of the ma­ service provided to small post office patrons. Subcommittee, for allowing me to testify on jor programs they undertake. In the case of The emphasis is on retaining community this important subject. the current action by the Postal Service to identity and the quality of service, and pro­ close certain small post offices, and consoli­ viding for public participation in the deci­ date rural operations, Congress required in sional process. the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, that Under the provisions of this b111, the ON ASSUMING ANTIPOVERTY "No small post office shall be closed solely Postal Service would be able to effect a clos­ for operating at a. deficit unless the quality ing only if: AGENCY HELM of mall service is maintained, it being the (1) it could convince a majority of the specific intent of Congress that effective patrons that alternative service was accept­ HON. MANUEL LUJAN, JR. postal services be insured to residents of both able; or urban and rural communities." The Postal (2) it would replace the post office with OF NEW MEXICO Service seems reluctant, however, to estab­ a contract facility-a community post office IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lish national guidelines and criteria for as­ (CPO)-which retained the same name and Monday, May 10, 1976 suring that this Congressional mandate will zip code as the original post office, and main­ be met; rather, it has been my experience tained the same customer services; or Mr. LUJAN. Mr. Speaker, Monday's that the Postal Service makes decisions as (3) it met all of the following four criteria: addition of the Washingt.on Star carried to what post offices will be closed, and what (a) an equivalent or improved level of serv­ on its front page an enlightening inter­ alternative service will be provided, on nearly ice would be provided; (b) less than 35 view with Samuel R. Martinez, the new an arbitrary basis, using criteria and stand­ families a.re currently being served by the ards which vary to an alarming degree from post office being evaluated; (c) another Director of the Community Services one case to the next. Surely, these kinds of postal facility is easily accessible to persons Administration. Having personally administrative procedures cannot be ex­ regularly served by the present post office; known Sam Martinez when he served as pected to ensure that the public interest is and (d) a substantial decrease in revenues regional director in both Denver and being served. and patronage has been realized over the Dallas of CSA's predecessor agency, the If the Postal Service is reluctant to set up past three year period in connection with Office of Economic Opportunity, I can the kind of national standards which are the post office being evaluated. attest to the fact that he comes with a necessary, then Congress must enact specific In my own district, Mr. Chairman, the legislation spelling out reasonable guidelines Postal Service is presently in various stages strong working knowledge to carry out which the Postal Service must follow in of evaluating five facilities for possible clos­ the duties of this new position. determining what post offices should be closed ing-post offices in Haddam, South Lyme, I commend the article to the attention and can be closed without Jeopardizing the South Willington, Mansfield Depot, and o.f my colleagues: quality of service to the community. North Woodstock. My staff and I have been [From the Washington Star, May 3, 1976) We must establish criteria to be used in working with the people of these towns in determining what type of alternative service an effort to determine whether or not the ON AsSUMING ANTIPOVERTY AGENCY HELM will best provide for the public interest, and alternative service proposed will provide an Samuel R. Martinez, 42, a onetime Colorado we should require that the customers af­ equivalent level of service. school principal who has worked for both fected by any proposed closing or consolida­ In the case of the town of Haddam, I have the old Office of Economic Opportunity and tion be fully informed of what is planned, been convinced that the proposed alterna­ for the Labor Department as a regional and be allowed input in any decisions which tive service will not provide an equivalent director in Denver, came to Washington la.st are to be made. level of service to that which the customers month to run the Community Services Certainly, there are some post offices in are now receiving. Administration, successor to the OEO a.s the this Nation which may be closed, and alter­ Rather than providing a contract facility federal poverty agency. He was interviewed native service provided, without affecting the to replace the Haddam post office, the Postal by Washington Star Sta.ff Writer Vernon A. quality of service. According to a report on Service intends simply to extend rural Guidry Jr. this issue by the General Accounting Office, delivery to the customers affected by the clos­ QUESTION. You've taken over an agency printed June 4, 1975, improved service may ing, and for additional postal services they that has been riddled with political a.buses, even be realized through an alternative would have to travel to a post office in Hig­ mismanagement and you succeed a man who means. ga.num-a township which is part of Had­ most believe was fired. Have you come to Certainly, in communities where equal or dam-which is several miles away. The largest preside over the further disintegration of improved service can be provided by closing users in this town-the nine major local busi­ the federal antipoverty program? the post office and establishing a privately­ nesses-are all located much closer to the ex­ MARTINEZ. Absolutely not. operated contract facllity, or extending rural isting Haddam post office, and the changes Q. Why should we think that? delivery, it is in the public interest to do so, which a.re planned would mean that they A. Well, because in my deliberations with especially in view of the savings involved­ would receive mail later in the day, and real­ the folks that I talked to prior to being a privately owned "community post office" ize substantial increases in costs-well over considered for this job, I made my point of can offer the same customer services as a $6,300 per year-to travel the extra distance view known clearly that I was not interested regular post office, but at about one-third to the post office in Higganum. in coming either to dismantle the agency or the cost; a rural route can offer mall pick-up Furthermore, the Postal Service intends to to be a caretaker for the agency pending dis­ and delivery, stamp sales and pa.reel post change the name of the Higganum post office mantling a,t a. future date. In those delibera­ service, but at six percent of the cost of a to the Haddam post office, and the people of tions I was able to extract some commit­ regular post office serving the same number Higganum are justifiably concerned that their ments that no effort would be made a.long of customers. community will be robbed of its identity as that line, at least not until I'd had an oppor­ I am convinced however, that the Postal a result. tunity to see what can be done and a date Service, in their zeal to eliminate losing Under the provisions of the Small Post was fixed that at the end of fiscal year 1977. operations, is not adequately evaluating the Office Preservation Act, these problems could needs of the community before making the have been prevented. At the very lea.st, un­ I was given assurances of fiexibllity and sup­ decision. They a.re not thorough enough in der the provisions of this bill, the Postal Serv­ port to get whatever needs to be done inter­ seeing that the alternative service planned ice would have had to replace the Haddam nally to keep the agency a.live. will provide equal or improved service, nor post office with a contract facility in the same Q. You also spoke of assurances during do they demonstrate real concern for the area, which would offer the same services. your confirmation hearings. Could you be preservation of community identity in many In addition, the bill would require that the more specific? Who gave you what assur­ of our small townships where closings have name and zip code of the Higganum post ances? been proposed. office be maintained, thereby continuing the A. I'm talking about the White House, I believe that the Small Post Office Preser­ community identity so important there. yes, on the one hand. That's where I get the vation Act, which has been referred to this Certainly, these problems are not dissimilar assurance that there will be no effort made Subcommittee for consideration, will provide to those in communities nationwide where to shut down or in any way dismantle or the reasonable guidelines necessary to ensure post office closings are taking place, and it reduce the operations and the functions and that any postal closing does not end up is apparent that Congressional action is nec­ the programs of this agency prior to fiscal being contrary to the 1nterests of the local essary to prevent the continuation of inequit­ year end '77. community. able decisions on the part of the Postal Serv­ Q. Nor to shift it to HEW? The blll approaches the problem in a ice. I believe that the Small Post Office Pres­ A. Nor to shift it to HEW. That of course, unique way: Rather than calling for a mor- ervation Act will accomplish this purpose in was one of the specific issues that was raised May 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13169 and no shift of additional programs out of share in that load. They must share in all munity Action Agencies-that we should ·csA. the facets of organization, on gathering in­ serve as a catalyst for embracing the larger Q. Other areas? formation and arguing the merits of the pro­ budgets that are placed out there wLthin the A. I was given assurances that I would have gram and arguing the budgets, and ceilings giant agencies such as HEW, Department of the opportunities to select my own deputy and so forth. I don't consider that I'm some Labor and HUD. So we have to then ascer­ director, to select people to fill vacancies kind of superhuman who can understand all tain and devise ways by which we can tap that are here now and to also make whatever of this overnight, understand all of the ra­ those resources and they're doing that. I changes are necessary within the constraints tionale that goes into it and to understand think it needs to be streamlined to some of the opportunity available within the CSA. all of the sequence of events that lead to all extent; I think there need to be better un­ In addition to that, I was give,1 assurance the problems. It has to be sorted out very derstanding on how to do that and what that I would be given ample time to exam­ clearly. We will look at options and alter­ objectives we want to reach. To that end ine the personnel ceiling of this agency, to natives and hopefully select the best. But I have indicated I want to meet with the see if it is commensurate with functions. decisions will be made and they'll be made secretaries of those departments and devel­ We'll be doing that--we've already started as quickly as that information and those op some understandings. People ask me what to do that--to examine the organizational facts are gathered. As far as priorities, my do you want in those understandings. I really structure, the functions and see if the right first order of business is to examine carefully don't know at this point. Conceptually I number of people are here, the corporate what is here in terms of staff, in terms of think there has to be some kind of an ar­ people are placed in the proper slots and so programs, in terms of budget ceilings. Cer­ rangement whereby you can agree that their forth so, those are the kinds of things we're tainly the budget needs to be looked at; but resources and other resources can come to­ the budget is set. Those 9,re the facts and gether to provide better service to poor peo­ talking about. those facts can't be altered. Q. You spoke in your confirmation hear­ ple because with the half a billion dollars in iings of not being wedded to any budget. Q. For this fiscal year? CSA's budget we're not going to affeot many A. For this fiscal year. Now, there will be lives except to provide the vehicle through Does that mean the White House has told times where we can discuss budgets for en­ you you can go to Congress and seek a higher which the other resources can flow and that's suing years and I intend to be able to do the way I view the agency at this point. budget than they requested at the outset of that. But it simply is not possible to argue this budget cycle? new budgets when somebody can say, "Look, A. I don't recall specifically saying that I you got a mess over there. Why do you need wasn't wedded to any budget. But since you more money?" So those things all have to be McKEESPORT AMVETS PUSH posed the question let me say that I don't looked at and that has to be a priority item. believe we ought to be. I think that the Q. The subcommittee on manpower and DRIVER SAFETY budget has to be one that can also be flexible housing in the House has been highly criti­ to give us the opportunity to examine what cal of CSA. Have you read its findings? kind of budget is necessary to carry on the A. Yes I read the report, entirely. HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS ongoing programs, the existing programs au­ Q. And your reaction to it? OF PENNSYLVANIA thorized already. As I recall, I was asked if I A. Well, I had mixed reactions to it. No. 1, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES did not come to dismantle the agency, would as I understood it, those hearings were in­ I then advocate for expansion of the pro­ tended for the purpose of examining cer­ Monday, May 10, 1976 gram? I believe my answer was that I had tain personnel actions within the agency. first ol all to put the house in order and then The thing went far beyond that in that it Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, McKees­ make some determinations as to what kinds got into a variety of other matters that were port Amvets Post 8, in cooperation with of program activi.ties were necessary and what unrelated to personnel actions and I think an area aut.omobile dealer and local law kind of budgets were necessary and if it was that the findings are fairly clear that per­ enforcement agencies and educators, is felt it was necessary to expand the programs sonal actions were taken for reasons other continuing a program of driver excel­ further, then we'd face that when we got to than benefl.tting the agency. lence for high school students. it. Q. What would those reasons be? Q. What is the status of efforts to reor- The Amvets post recently cosponsored A. I don't know. I don't know what those its second annual drivers' competition ganize CSA? reasons were. As I observed them there was A. There have been a number of steps no benefit to be gained by placing people on and I am pleased to report judges of the taken already, as I understand it. Clearly the · IPA assignments. It appeared to me to be in contest, which included student repre­ components within CSA have been deter­ violation of the intent of the intergovern­ sentatives from several school districts mined by virtue of legislation. The question mental personnel act. I just failed to see in the 20th Congressional District. were ls are these components properly staffed and what benefits would be derived by the a young lady from Elizabeth-Forward the relationships of thees agencies properly agency. Certainly IPA assignments were de­ High School, Miss Anita Sedlock, and a developed? That's where I find the gap at the signed to provide certain benefits to the young man from Central Catholic High moment, the relationships have not been de­ agency in establishing intergovernmental/ veloped, there is not a flow of clear under­ interagency relationships to be beneficial to School, Mr. Mark Fedak. standing of how t,b.ese components should re­ the recipient of the IPA and the sending The competition, arranged by Amvets late, and whether the necessary tools, the agency. Post 8 and Southland Dodge of the neces.sary people are there to do each compo­ Q. So are you saying that the kind of Chrysler Corp., was conducted at South nent effectively and certainly to interrelate personnel actions that saw political ap­ Allegheny High School. The participants them so that the agency operates as a unit. pointees assigned to other agencies and included Mr. Fedak and James Poland Q. Are you saying as some of the critics of would not benefit the CSA are ended? of Central Catholic; Phyllis Clifford and the agency have said, that the overall man­ A. I recognize the personnel celling over­ Guy Mussori of Clairt.on High School; agement of the various functions is inade­ all for the agency is in question. We would Cindy Sullivan of Duquesne High School; quate, in some cases some have said non­ utilize all the personnel here fully and make Miss Sedlock and Emil Pohodich of Eliza­ existent? IPA assignments only after we had deter­ A. I don't want you to read anything into mined that we had adequate ceilings. beth-Forward; Gary Gilmore and Mari­ what I'm saying. I'm just te111ng you what Q. If after you feel that you have an un­ anne Messina of McKeesport High I plan to do in order to get a good handle derstanding of the agency's problems that School, and Janice Pribanich and Thom­ on it. And I'm not going to cast aspersions satisfies you, do you feel that you can seek a as Dzurko of South Allegheny. on anybody who's come before me. They had higher budget for fl.seal '77 than the adminis­ Supervising the contest were faculty their own management techniques, whatever tration has requested for this agency which members from the competing schools, in­ they were. I'm bringing into it perhaps a is about $334 million? cluding: Brothers Michael Phillips and style of management technique that may be A. I probably won't be unlike any other Vincent Feeny of Central Catholic; Mr. brand new to the people here. I don't know. director of any agency who feels that he has but I'm going to employ my experience and John Dadominici of Clairt.on; Mr. John to have additional budget. I would hope that Proksa of Duquesne; Mr. Anthony Rub­ my knowledge of the programs and my tech­ in seeking an additional budget that we are niques to the extent that we can have an able to justify the need for that budget. ino of Elizabeth-Forward; Mr. Bruce organizational program that makes sense. Again let me stress that I don't think that Brinkos of McKeesport, and Mr. Frank Q. It was suggested to me by a longtime dollars alone are the answers to any problem. Maglicco and Mr. James Sepesky of observer of this agency that the critical task First of all, you need a structure that can de­ South Allegheny. facing you w1ll be how to divide yourself in liver those dollars and translwte them into Mr. Speaker. on behalf of my col­ these early critical days between the Hlll and services for people. And our job 1s one of leagues in the Congress of the United the budget on one hand and these pressing servicing poor people. I read recently that States I would like to commend McKees­ reorganization and personnel problems on the there a.re some 22 Ya mlllion poor people out port Amvets Post 8, the employees of other. What are your top priorities? there, all of whom are not being serviced, ob­ Southland Dodge, and the participating A. Let me clarify something. I really don't viously. I have emphasized that this agency intend to divide myself in all these areas. as it is now structured should serve because students and their faculty members for There is staff here. I've made it eminently of the size of its budget, because of the continuing campaign to teach our young clear to the executive staff that they must nature of the local structure--we call Com- people safe driving habits and reduce the 13170 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 10, 1976 number of terrible tragedies which an­ First came the realization that long time CONGRESS MISSES THE nually scar our Nation's highways. solemn commitments by the "C.S. can be can­ CHALLENGE celed overnight--so that no commitment really has much meaning. Then, they have the clear sense that at HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL the first sign of violence, Congress will rush OF NEW YORK NEWSPAPER ASSA.ilJS CONGRF.S­ forward in advance to make sure the U.S. SIONAL MEDDLING IN FOREIGN stays at arm's length from that affair. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES In between, under the leadership of Sen­ Monday, May 10, 1976 POLICY ator Henry Jackson, the same Congress shot down two solemn treaties, laboriously nego­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, there has tiated by the administration, by inserting been much concern about the question HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL arbitrary demands of the kind no nation of American strength in dealing with our OF ILLINOIS with an ounce of dignity can accept as an enemies. During this political season we ulttmatum from another nation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have heard much talk about the need for That kind of non-diplomacy destroyed the our Government to keep what is ours and Monday, May 10, 1976 negotiations with Russia on trade and with Turkey on basic relations-simply by Con­ not take any abuse from "third rate na­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, in a sting­ gress rushing through the back door to sink tions." Although this type of talk has ing editorial last week, Peoria Journal­ them. been heard mostly in regards to the Pan­ Star editor, C. L. Dancey, has gotten The African chiefs a.re not fools. They talk ama Canal, I think there is a growing right to the Point about congressional of war, which obviously means that Congress feeling by some in this Nation that diplo­ meddling in foreign Policy decisions will interpose to see to it that the President's matic bargaining should be set aside to hands (and feet) are tied-as in Angola. let the military resolve any differences which belong in the executive branch. With the administration's hands tied, Accurately predicting that Secretary of what's to negotiate? between our Nation and foreign sover­ State Kissinger's African trip would re­ We delivered to the Africans a stripped eigns. sult in very little, Dancey puts the blame down Kissinger, a eunuch only, so rendered One year ago we saw specific evi­ right where it belongs-here on Capitol by a careful Congressional operation. dence of this demonstration of American Hill. To guarantee our total immobility as an "machismo," when our Nation responded "There will be no Kissinger miracles in influence anywhere, they have a campaign hastily to the Cambodian seizure of -our Africa," Dancey notes. "The opposition going (a.s spoken by Senator Fred Harris at merchant ship, the Mayaguez. Before Macomb, the other day) to strip down our diplomatic channels had been exhausted, Congress made sure of that in advance." military budget further and scatter it around He refers, of course, to Angola, noting to needy voters on the premise, as Harris put our Government began an attack on that Congress has guaranteed that the it, that "if the Russians want to spend them­ Cambodian gunboats. Eventually our United States will do nothing, there, or in selves into bankruptcy on weapons, we crew was released but not before lives all likelihood anywhere else. shouldn't follow suit." were lost unnecessarily on both sides. "At the first sign of violence," he writes, In plain words, we should default into uni­ Unfortunately the President decided "Congress will rush forward in advance lateral disarmament, and ignore the Russians that it was necessary to convey to the passing us by in planes, nuclear weapons, Cambodians and to the world that de­ to make sure the United States stays ait manpower, ships, missiles, intelligence opera­ arm's length from that affair." spite our unsuccessful efforts in Vietnam, tions, etc. we would not fail to respond militarily The conclusion is clear: "With the ad­ The thrust ls that we shall be refused any ministration's hands tied, what's to nego­ leeway to make commitments, betray any we to any threat, irrespective of how great tiate?" make, and eventually be reduced to where we that threat might be. He was hailed by haven't anything to commit anyway. many of my colleagues in Congress for "We delivered to the Africans a strip­ Having pursued such a policy so zealously, his action. What he and they failed to ped down Kissinger, a eunich only, so these same left wing folks in Congress read . understand was that his action put him rendered by a careful Congressional oper­ the foreign press, where the Big Question is: in direct conflict with congressional ac­ ation." "Does the U.S. have the will to lead any­ tion in this area. Strong words. And, sadly, true. I com­ more?" and then complain bitterly that the The Congress had enacted a resolution mend this editorial to my colleagues. We "problem in the U.S. ls that there ls a lack of leadership in the White House!" which should have guided the President's in the Congress desperately need to un­ action. That act prohibits the use of U.S. derstand whait we are doing, and the seri­ We not only can't "follow suit," as Harris put it, with Congress' sabotage, but we don't military forces in the area of North Viet­ ousness of our lack of leadership. even have left "jacks or better" to open, nam, South Vietnam, Laos, and Cam­ The article follows: thanks to their policies. bodia. He went ahead and violated that [From the Peoria, Ill., Journal Star, May 4, Having confiscated the whole deck, they Act without a voice being raised by the 1976] now complain that President Ford isn't play­ Congress. OUR LACK OF LEADERSHIP ing his cards right. What cards? Congress has a role to play in the con­ The African chiefs of state are busy tell­ They don't mean a "lack of leadership." duct of our foreign Policy. When we ing Mr. Kissinger that they are bent on "war'' They've done everything fn their power to passed the War Powers Resolution, we and all they want from the U.S. ls more finan­ make real leadership impossible, at home or were attempting to convey to the Presi­ cial assistance for their peaceful needs! abroad. dent that we would not allow him to That magic formula was inevitable, of What they mean is a lack of showmanship. operate in this area free from congres­ course. I have trouble believing that showmanship sional controls. We failed dismally on There will be no Kissinger miracles in ls really the gimmick that C'a.n save the world that first test. Africa. and make Americans live happily and pros­ I would hope my colleagues would read The opposition Congress made sure of that perously for ever after. the column that Anthony Lewis wrote for in advance. With war in Angola, they rushed If forward to legislate a guarantee that the the New York Times on Monday. the U.S. could do absolutely nothing, not even Congress is ever to regain its coequal encourage those seeking to save Angola from status with the Chief Executive, we must Cuban conquest. PERSONAL EXPLANATION make certain that the will of the Con­ With due respect to diplomacy, actions still gress is not thwarted; for if it is, then our speak louder than words, and our wonder­ actions become a meaningless charade. ful left-wing Congress which flooded into HON. EDWARD R. MADIGAN The article follows: Washington in the aftermath of Watergate A FAMOUS VICTORY :first guaranteed a quick end to the long OF Il.LINOIS (By Anthony Lewis) drawn out Vietnamese struggle by turning IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES One year ago this week Cambodian gun­ their backs on our peace arrangement and Monday, May 10, 1976 cutting off arms to South Vietnam. boats seized the American merchant ship With the first step of foreign Red conquest Mr. MADIGAN. Mr. Speaker, earlier Mayaguez. The United States responded with of Angola, they stepped in quickly to give in the day I was recorded as voting pres­ air attacks and a Ma.rlne assault on a nearby Angola the Vietnamese treatment. island. The Cambodians returned the ship ent on R.R. 10451. My correct vote is and crew unharmed. Hence, all foreign nations have two basic "aye" and was not so recorded through It was a famous victory. Congress cheered. signals to go on. my own error. President Ford's rating went up in the polls. May 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13171 Even liberal voices praised him; The New precedent of the Mayaguez almost certainly toward Moscow. But public reports of these York Times said he "had no alternative but encouraged Mr. Ford and Mr. Kissinger in efforts have stressed the negatives-that to employ direct military means. . . . This their secret intervention in Angola. Senator Peking is dwelling on the perfidy of the he did with exemplary speed." A pic­ Frank Church cheered the Mayaguez; why Russians, warning us of the dangers of ture ta.ken in the White House as the episode should he be surprised now when he has detente and "lecturing" our President and ended showed Mr. Ford and Henry Kissinger trouble convincing his colleagues that they secretary of state, as the American press in dinner jackets, grinning with satisfac­ should restrain intelligence activties? put it. tion. "What I did in the case of the Mayaguez," What is not generally understood ls the A year later the cheers have mocking Mr. Ford said in Wilkesboro, N.C., last March, fundamental realignments Peking proposes, echoes. For the costs of the American action "is a good example of the decisiveness that and the enormous benefits that would result in the Mayaguez affair were heavy, and they I can act with when we a.re faced with a for the three major Paci:flc powers-the are easy enough to see now-the casualties in problem. I would do it a.gain." United States, China and Japan-as well as lives, truth, diplomacy and law. But the ironic thing is that the authors of for much of the rest of the world. The Mayaguez had a crew of 39. The oper­ the overkill have gained nothing from their Nor would ·the benefits be only military at ions ordered by Mr. Ford cost the lives of cynical bravado. Poor Gerald Ford is now and strategic. Major economic and diplomatic 41 American servicemen, plus another 50 desperately trying to lecture Ronald Reagan gains also could be expected. wounded---casualties that the Administration about the duty of a great power to be re­ The Chinese messages to America have be­ did its best to hide. strained and reasonable. As for Henry Kissin­ come more urgent in the la.st few months. And it was all unnecessary. If the United ger, the man who wanted to use B-52's to Peking's leaders obviously are frustrated States had allowed even a modest time for a punish Cambodia over the Mayaguez, his th.at their proposals apparently are not taken response to its warnings a.nd its diplomatic · most bloodthirsty policies have made him no seriously in Washington and are not part efforts, the Mayaguez and its crew would have friends on the right. of American public debate over what to do been returned without the loss of a single about the souring of detente with the American life. That is plain from the official Russians. record and timetable of what happened. The invitation to Richard. Nixon to visit It was 5 :03 A.M. on May 12, 1975, Eastern CHINA'S TIES WITH UNITED STATES China last month can be read in part as a Daylight Time, when Washington first heard measure of that urgency and frustration. of the seizure. The President was told at 7:40. The Nixon visit, of course, also had far­ At 2 that afternoon the White House an­ HON. JAMES~ CORMAN reaching consequences within China, where nounced the news and demanded the ship's the people and future leaders now must release; saying that otherwise there would be OF CALIFORNIA know that Chairman Mao Tse-tung per­ "the most serious consequences." At 4:30 an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sonally endorses improving Sino-American attempt was m.ade to send a diplomatic note Monday, May 10, 1976 relations and the 1972 Shanghai Commu­ to Ca.mbodia. through the Chinese. nique, which therefore are immune from The first American air attack, made to pre- Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, Harned serious attack. vent what was thought to be an effort to Hoose is a close and respected friend of The Chinese may have miscalculated move the Mayaguez, sank a Cambodian gun- 30 years. His rich background in expe­ Nixon's usefulness as a channel for convey­ boat at 8:30 P.M. May 13. That was just 30V2 rience in Asian affairs is exemplified in ing messages to the American government hours after the first White House statement, his career as a prominent legal counsel, and people. It would be unfortunate, though, 28 hours after the first diplomatic move. international trade consultant and ne- if the post-Watergate mood and the stresses At 7:o7 P.M. the next day, May 14• the gotiator, marketing adviser and special of the election campaign resulted in hear­ Cambodian Government broadcast that it ing defects among our key governmental was ready to return the ship and crew. But consultant to the White House for the and private listeners. Would critics of Nix­ two minutes later, at 7:09, before Washing- historic 1972 Presidential trip to China. on's latest journey to Peking have preferred ton knew of the broadcast, the costly Marine Recently, Mr. Hoose compiled a com­ that such an honor were bestowed instead attack began. At 10:23 that night a U.S. de- · prehensive analysis of United States­ on Leonid Brezhnev or some former Russian stroyer sighted the Mayaguez crew being re- Sino relations. He presents his interpre­ leader? turned in a boat with a white flag. But after tation of China's proposal to better ties However one evaluates China's choice of that, and even after the crew was in Amer- with the United States and bring sta- Nixon as a messenger, clearly the Chinese ican hands, U.S. planes bombed targets on bility to th As" h H t hoped that the dramatic reenactment of the the mainland. e 1an s:p ere. e s resses 1972 Nixon visit and long talks with the In the clearest of situati.ons it would be the need for more senous and construc­ former President would help break through unwise to take such ha.sty and massive mm- tive debate of our foreign policy approach what they see as the Pa.ciflc blindness of the tary action over the seizure of a ship. And to China. I would at this time like to Ford Administration. · in this case just about everything was un- commend this new and important per­ Here are the main points we can be quite clear: the reason for the seizure, the degree spective on United States-Sino relations certain were made to Nixon by Chairman of control by Cambodia's new Khmer Rouge to my colleagues as it appeared in the Mao and Acting Premier Hua Kuo-feng-di­ Government, even its awareness of the Amer- Los Angeles Times. rectly or by typical Chinese allusions and lean diplomatic notes. Accounts published in · symbolic pantomimes and actions--based the last yea.r in fact indicate that the Maya- CHINA URGES A PACIFIC TRIUMVIRATE upon what has been publicly stated and upon guez was seized in a confused local situation (By Harned Pettus Hoose) high-level contacts on both the Chinese and without the knowledge of Phnom Penh. (NoTE.-The son of missionary pa.rents, American sides: But Mr. Ford and his men were not inter- Harned Hoose was born and raised in China A solid, effective Washington-Peking­ ested in the facts-or in the lives they might and speaks Chinese fluently. Now a Los An­ Tokyo triumvirate involving expanded diplo­ lose. They were interested in flexing Amer- geles lawyer, he has made eight trips to China matic, economic and strategic cooperation , lean muscles. They wanted to use the occa- since 1971 on behalf of U.S. companies. He would fill the post-Vietnam power vacuum sion for a show of "strength." That is why helped with the preparations for President in Asia. China, the United States and Japan they used a sledgehammer, hastily, to crack Nixon's 1972 visit to China, and maintains should work to form this Pacific triumvirate. a peanut. close contacts with American and Chinese Such a tripartite relationship would open The glory faded pretty fast after the four officials and private individuals concerned a strong second front against Soviet en­ days of the Mayaguez, and some who regret- with U.S.-Chinese relations.) croachments in Africa, Asia and elsewhere. ted being swept up in the jingo emotions of The history of American relations with Moscow would be deterred from adventures the moment hoped, at lea.st, that the episode China has been largely one of missed oppor­ in the Mideast and such places as Angola and would have no la.sting import. Unfortunately, tunities, culminating in our failure so far Southern Africa. it had and continues to have much signi:fl- to follow up the rapprochement of 1972 by M111tarlly, the three nations would coop­ cance. establishing full diplomatic relations with erate in such protective operations as satel­ The lesson of lawlessness is the worst of Peking. lite reconnaissance, radar watches and anti­ all. A speciflc statute, passed in 1973 and still But the opportunity we now are on the submarine patrols. The United States would on the books, flatly forbids "combat activ- verge of missing could make these seem rela­ supply defensive weapons to China for the ities by U.S. military forces in or over or tively insignificant. It is the chance to recast purpose of deterring Soviet aggression. from off the shores of North Vietnam, South relationships in Ea.st Asia and the Pacific so Economically, the three nations have com­ Vietnam, Laos or Cambodia." President Ford as to shift world power equ11ibriums that plementary strengths-U.S. and Japanese in­ did not mention that statute in ordering ac- have tilted dangerously against us. dustry and technology, Chinese oil, and U.S. tion that, on its face, violated the law. Hard- The People's Republic of China is offering and Chinese food, grains and rice. All could ly anyone else raised an eyebrow either-just us Just such a deal. That this is hardly benefit from expanded trade in these items. after Vietnam and Watergate. recognized and barely discussed in this coun- Diplomatically, the three could cooperate The spinelessness of Congress when a Pres- try is one of the surprising facts of American to head off trouble in such potential hot­ ldent took aggressive action of dubious legal- public life. spots as Korea and Southeast Asia. 1ty made all the talk about curbing Executive It is common knowledge that the Chinese The Taiwan issue, a major stumbling block abuse of power seem just that: talk. The have been trying to infiuence U.S. policy in the way of full Washington-Peking rela- 13172 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 10, 1976 tlons, could be handled in a. way satisfactory Sung last spring, when he talked belligerently and American capacity to produce grain and to both sides. of moving against the south after the col­ other foodstuffs. Japan and the United States The time for discussing and negotiating the lapse of Saigon. China doubtless can be ex­ have demonstrated great economic strength realignments needed to effect such a tripar­ pected to restrain any such North Korean ad­ ( current recessions notwithstanding} , and tite arrangement 1s not unllmlted. There a.re venturism in the future, especially as part of China has the potential and the wlll for com­ forces within China. skeptical of the value of a Peking-Tokyo-Washington arrangement for parable economic development. Both private close ties with the United States, and they peace and security in Asia. high-level talks between Americans and the could gain the upper hand after Chairman Simlla.rly, in Southeast Asia the Chinese Chinese and official Chinese statements make Mao is gone. Moreover, a pro-Soviet, or at might be expected to withhold significant it clear that China's current domestic strug­ least "equidistant between U.S. and U.S.S.R.," support from guerrilla movements sporadic­ gle wlll not be allowed to interfere with faction in China has bedeviled the Chinese ally harassing governments in Thailand, Ma­ economic development. leadership for many years. laysia and the Philippines. American private firms now a.re negotiat­ Many of these same points h(I. ve been made The Chinese, Japanese and Americans share ing massive transactions with China, relat­ by the Chinese to other Americans, including a common interest in blocking expansion of ing to Chinese oil and other commodities. at least in pa.rt to President Ford and Secre­ Russian influence and power in Asia. The One of these negotiations, if consummated, tary of State Henry A. Kissinger last fall and Japanese stm chafe at the Soviet occupa­ would mean a deal initially paying the Amer­ in various but parallel versions to David and tion of their former northern islands occu­ ican side a.bout $7 billion, and later develop­ Julie Eisenhower during their recent visit pied by the Soviets at the end of World War ing approximately $13 billion for American to China, to a few prominent travelers and to II. The Chinese have a deep historical dis­ suppliers during the few years of manufac­ some businessmen presumed to have access trust of the Russians-now capitalizing on turing and supply. Massive further benefits to U.S. leaders, and as trial ballons floated their backing of Hanoi's success in Vietnam. · to both sides would follow. by third-nation diploma.ts and citizens. The Chinese fear the Russi.ans ma.y gain a Japanese firms also are negotiating deals The Chinese proposals apparently have major naval base at Cam Ranh Bay to aug­ with the Chinese in addition to current trad­ been ignored by official Washington, some­ ment their Pacific bases in Siberia and their ing arrangements. times with the comment that they were of planes and missiles poised a.long the long Such trades--American oil-drilling and "doubtful authenticity," or that "foreign and tense Soviet-Chinese border. processing equipment in exchange for mar­ countries should deal with us through estab­ China. and North Vietnam have rival claims keting participation in some of the Chinese lished channels." Such prim American gov­ to the Spratly and Para.eel Island groups oll, for instance-provide a solid economic ernmental preferences overlook the fact that in the South China Sea (some of which foundation for cooperation in other fields. the Chinese see "established channels" as also variously are claimed by Taiwan and Taiwan usually has been the issue that has sometimes clogged by bureaucratic filters, as Cambodia). China seeks benign neglect .by hampered closer relations between Washing­ well as a long Chinese history of making deli­ America in those areas. cate inquiries or proposals through middle­ ton and Peking. But senior Chinese contacts, In return, China offers the potential for including some who a.re close to recently des­ men in order to retain the option of face- influencing emerging nations to tilt toward - saving disavowal or unrebuffed silent dignity igna. ted Acting Premier Hua Kuofeng, have America and against Russia; articulate sup­ indicated to me that this issue can be put if the message ls igonred. port for U.S. military facilities in Japan, So the American public has been largely Thailand, the Philippines, the Indian Ocean behind us. unaware of how specific and positive are and elsewhere; cooperation with America in Basically, the Chinese urge American to these Chinese suggestions for a much closer adopt the "Japan formula"-tha.t ls, to Africa. and South America.; the pinning down acknowledge that Peking has de jure juris­ mutually-beneficial relationship with the of more than 1 mlllion Russian ti:oops on United States. Preoccupied with recession the Sino-Soviet border; and sources other diction over Taiwan, revoke our 1954 defense and inflation and the political distractions than OPEC for some of the oil required by treaty with Nationalist China, and withdraw of an election year, we have not been re­ Japan and the United States. U.S. forces and advisers from the island. That ceptive to the series of rather vague and A firm diplomatic alignment among Peking, would return U.S. policy to the position poorly defined signals and messages from Tokyo and Washington certainly would give taken originally by President Truman before Peking. the Russians pa.use. But the Chinese go fur­ the outbreak of the Korean War. The way Pa.rt of the blame for poor communications ther. They suggest possible coordination of then would be cleared for the United States must rest with the Chinese, of course. They certain military operations. Satellite recon­ to close its embassy on Taiwan (perhaps have not yet learned how to deal effectively naissance data could be shared, as well as maintaining a consular or liaison office for with our press, on which we rely for informa­ radar watches along Soviet borders. Anti­ nongovernmental business, as Japan does), tion and interpretation of government poli­ submarine patrols could be coordinated, even and to set up an American embassy in cies. to the point.of stationing reciprocal observers Peking. Ohlna. would have its embassy in In London, Paris, Tokyo--or even Mos- on some patrol vessels. Washington. . cow-a Western newsman can have helpful China.'s requests for certain American de­ In exchange, China has indicated it will background talks with policy-makers that fensive military equipment--perha.ps ad­ give formal open assurance that it would not guide him in llluminating official moves. vanced radar and other electronic equipment, seek to take Taiwan by force (an operation With China, though, Western newsmen must for instance-would have to be weighed with for which it may not be well equipped mm­ try to divine from the language of the official an eye to Soviet reaction. The United States ta.rily at this time in any case) , or would. Chinese press, from the number and duration does not want to see a wobbly detente with work out a formula by which Taiwan would. of key meetings, the wording of toasts, the Moscow deteriorate into another cold war. be declared a zone of peace, free from mili­ guest list and sea.ting order at functions, the America only wants to right a slipping power tary danger from any source, including Pe­ sites visited and similar esoteric indicators balance and to recognize China's legitimate king. (The Chinese occasionally have hedged. what nuances may be significant in Chinese defensive needs whenever they coincide with on what they would do in return-evidently events. U.S. interests in countering Soviet expan­ to reserve bargaining options--a.nd have That ls not the best setting for public un­ sion. It ls quite possible that a modest U.S. been more forthright in informal talks with derstanding of U.S.-Chlna. policy, and we can investment in carefully selected defensive unofficial Americans than with government only hope it will improve as relations develop, weapons for the Chinese would pay large divi­ officials) . as American newsmen are regularly admitted dends in a reduced Soviet presence in Europe, In addition, these same high-level sources into China, and as the Chinese leaders learn relieving pressure on NATO. have indicated to me that China may be how to communicate with the American The man named by President Ford last willing to give the United States assurances people through on and off-the-record inter­ week to head the U.S. Liaison Office in that Taiwan's extensive business with West­ views with our newsmen. Peking, Thomas S. Gates, former secretary ern countries can continue as before--that Despite murky public communications, of defense in the Eisenhower administration, all American and Japanese investments there however, we can be quite certain of what it is wlll be well equipped to help develop any would be safe. I believe the Chinese use of the Chinese now a.re proposing. And because future military cooperation and coordination the word "may" was intended to retain bar­ it could be so important to our national in­ between the United Staites and China. gaining position, and that business-as­ terests, China's invitation to form a Pa.c1fic usual on Taiwan can be ensured in such an On the economic front, Ohina., Japan and arrangement. triumvirate ought to become at least as fa.m- the United States already are major trading 1llar in our public discussions and political partners. The United States ls Japan's larg­ If the Chinese are in earnest on this and debate as what posture we should take on est customer. Japan relies heavily on raw the other points of their proposal, the United another SALT accord, what role to play in the States ts being presented with a. foreign ma teria.ls and food from this country and policy choice which could affect the world Mideast, or how to deal with events in South­ from China. And Japan gets some of its oil ern Africa. from China. balance for years to come. The idea. _of a triumvirate linking us with a Most of this discussion has dealt with Communist nation seems startling at first to Fortunately, the three countries' resources U.S.-China interests. But the role of Japan many Americans. But despite our obvious and needs a.re complementary. Among them, would be a. major one--stra.tegically, politi­ ideological differences, we have much In com­ they combine China's vast oil reserves (not cally and economically. Japan may be emerg­ mon with China, as we do with Japan. yet fully proven, but reliably estimated to ri­ ing into a new international maturity after All three countries want stab111ty in Asia.. val those of the Mideast) and other mineral decades of following the American lead. The The Chinese should be given credit for help­ resources; U.S. and Japanese high technology Lockheed. affair has cast a cloud over Wash­ ing to cool off North Korean President Kim n and industrial development; and Chinese ington-Tokyo relations, and a poeltlve ap•· May 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13173 proach to a tripartite Pacific partnership Boudin, received a letter from FBI director "I think," he said, "they were on the trail could be a. wholesome corrective. Clarence M. Kelley in which Kelley referred of every American who was a little left of It may be too much to expect that our to the size of the fl.le. It amounted to 1800 center. They were suspicious that he was government can rapidly take the steps to pages. going to conspire for revolution, bombing or make sure exactly what the Chinese a.re of­ Shortly thereafter Lamont's lawyer man­ something like that." fering and would want in return, to negoti­ aged to obtain copies of 274 of those pages. Lamont conceded that that might be a ate the many details, and begin to make The rest were withheld on the ground that bit of an exaggeration, but added: "In my decisions. But it is not too much to expect they had to be, in Kelley's words, "kept secret case I was articulate a.bout it. I wrote a lot that China's proposed Pacific triumvirate be in the interests of national defense or foreign and one of the things I was particularly con­ made part of our public discussion-and of policy." Lamont is still contesting that cerned about was American-Soviet coopera­ our political debate during the presidential decision. tion." campaign. Of the pages that he did receive, a good While even Richard Nixon would later The American people at least should pick deal turned out to be rather tame stuff in­ embrace that idea, Lamont pointed out that up the Peking hot-line, which has been ring­ deed-a list of his books in the public at the time he wa.s espousing it, it was still ing unanswered for several months, and try library, transcripts of radio talks and printed considered dangerous. to understand and evaluate the muffled mes­ articles, his entry in Who's Who, a. list of the Moreover, Lamont was visiting the Soviet sage from the Chinese. Perhaps the Nixon countries he had visited after he fought for at a. time when its relations with the U.S. trip to Peking will help call attention to the and obtained his passport. were still icebound. Lamont also advocated ringing and encourage us to engage in a pub­ One item of the fl.le that Lamont particu­ the ca.use of Democratic socialism as a lic dialogue. larly relished was the record of an FBI in­ solution to economic problems and in his Then, with the issues out in ihe open and terrogation of Kenneth Galbraith at the time civil liberties work, he said, he was continu­ a fresh or renewed administration in Wash­ Galbraith was appointed Ambassador to '.In­ ally defending "the rights of Communists, ington early next year, we may be prepared dia in 1961. Troskyites, all kinds of queer leftists and to decide whether the road to world peace "They put him on the spot because he strange people, just as a matter of principle.'' through strength runs through Tokyo and had in the past lived in the same apartment While Lamont's "threat" seems to have Peking. house with me when we were both teaching been most potent in the realm of ideas, it is at Columbia." not ha.rd to understand why he should have Lamont chuckled. "When the FBI was try­ caught the interest of the intelligence­ ing to establish there was guilt by co-habita­ gathering community in the anti-communist NOTIFY THE VICTIMS tion," he said, adding that the Bureau's hysteria. of the late forties and fifties. agents never approached Jacob Javits, who In recent years, Lamont thinks the political lived in the same Riverside Drive apartment atmosphere has improved considerably over house. those murky days. He said that the American HON. BELLAS. ABZUG "At about the same time as the Galbraith people and Congress have become "fed up" OF NEW YORK business," Lamont said, "my elevator opera­ with the FBI and the CIA as a. result of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tor stopped me one day and said, 'You know, disclosures of the la.st two or three-yea.rs. the FBI has been around asking questions ... I do think that some restrictive laws a.re Monday, May 10, 1976 about you. They want to know what you sa.y going to be put through," he said, "although Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, the Govern­ going up in the elevator.' As if I was going I'm afraid Congress isn't going to go far to carry on a propaganda lesson for the ele­ enough.'' ment Information and Individual Rights vator man, you know.'' Lamont's family background is a strange Subcommittee, which I chair, has begun Lamont sighed and pa.used. "It was all one for a. man who was to embrace so many hearings on H.R. 12039, H.R. 13192, and such trivial, useless information. And such radical causes. His father, Thomas W. H.R. 169. These bills would require that a waste of manpower.'' Lamont, was a. partner in J.P. Morgan and the victims of such illegal and improper There was a. mixture of amusement and Company and amased a considerable fortune. programs as COINTELPRO-an FBI exasperation in his tone as he discussed the "Oh, he lived long enough to be shocked program, CHAOS-CIA, burglaries-FBI case in his cluttered study one recent after­ by me," said Lamont, "but I don't think he noon. Behind him, the view through the wa.s really shocked.'' and CIA, mail openings-FBI and CIA, windows of his 18th-floor apartment Lamont explained that his father and cable interceptions-National Security stretched northward to Columbia., the and mother, who earned a Master's degree in Agency, and the special service staff of George Washington Bridge and the Palisades. philosophy from Columbia. in 1898 and was the ms be notified that they were tar­ At the age of 74, Lamont ls white-haired later to become one of the university's largest gets or victims of these activities, told of and his face is deeply lined, but he remains benefactors, "voted Republican most of the their rights under the Privacy Act and youthful and vigorous, the result, he said, time, but ~hey were liberals. the Freedom of Information Act, and of skiing in Colorado, tennis and hikes on "They were the ones who got me interested the Palisades. in international affairs-the League of Na­ afforded the option of having the un­ Lamont's most recent published work is a tions and the U.N.'' lawfully gathered files destroyed. collection of essays going . back a half cen­ Dinners in the Lamont household were a One victim of questionable activities tury called "Voice in the Wilderness." He time for wide-ranging discussions, and, ac­ on the part of our intelligence agencies ha.s now begun an autobiography of which cording to Lamont, there was a.lwa.ys "an at­ was Dr. Corliss Lamont, a man who has the FBI incident will form one chapter. mosphere of tolerance" during these talks. long been a :fighter for peace and social The Nation recently published Lamont's Dinner guests might include H.G. Welles justice. A recent article in the Westsid­ account of the FBI encounter in an article or John Masefield. "H.G. was always much er, an excellent weekly newspaper pub­ titled "What the FBI Had On Me." In it, more radical than I," Lamont recalled. "And Lamont referred to the more pertinent of there he would be right in the middle of the lished in my district, sets forth some of the file's contents: family dinner expounding socialist ideas. I Dr. Lamont's experiences with these "The most serious part of the documents was brought up in that kind of milieu." agencies: deals with the Bureau's weird attempts to Lamont said he often agreed with his WHAT THE FBI FILE HAD To SAY prove that I was a member of the Commu­ pa.rents on issues. "There was plenty we had (By Bruce Buckley) nist Party, an organization that I never in common. They supported civil liberties dreamed of joining. In this unceasing at­ Corliss Lamont was hardly surprised at and world peace and trade union organiza­ tempt, the FBI relied primarily on various tion .. .'' the news that the FBI had been keeping a ex-Communist perjurers.'' Did they support democratic socialism? file on him. After all, he had been a target In the article, Lamont also surmised that of congressional investigating committees, "Oh, no," he said, "they never came over the rest of the file probably records "even to socialism.'' and it was no secret that a.gents of the Bu­ worse invasions of my privacy, one of which reau often poked into his private a.ffa.irs­ I know for certain from other sources: from interrogating the elevator opera.tor at every month for many yea.rs FBI agents his West Side apartment house to trying to visited my bank to scrutinize my canceled TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY dissuade publishers from printing his books. checks, copies of which the bank later sent What's more, for eight years during the fifties Lamont ha.d been denied a. passport because to the Bureau." the government thought his traveling a.broad In addition to the FBI fl.le Lamont has HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS was somehow contrary to the country's also obtained a.bout 300 pages from the file OF CALIFORNIA kept on him by the Central Intelligence interests. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But 1! the existence of the FBI fl.le wasn't Agency. Lamont said they consisted almost startling, the extent of it was. Under the entirely of correspondence he carried on Monday, May 10, 1976 while in the Soviet Union as well as letters Freedom of Information Act, the former Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years Columbia University philosophy professor be­ he had written to "professional contacts" in gan efforts a year ago to obtain copies of that country. ago today, on May 10, 1776, the Conti­ the file's contents. Why had so much energy been focused on nental Congress adopted a resolution Last May, Lamont's lawyer, Leonard him? recommending to the assemblies and 13174 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 10, 1976 conventions of the United Colonies that west. With the decline in rail transportation tiona.l ca.na.ls, as well as a.long commercial to the point of almost non-existence, a.ir waterways. The Corps itself did not accept those Colonies without a government service becomes even more vital to the this enlarged jurisdiction read.Uy, and did should establish governments most con­ smaller city. Particularly is it vital to the not move to carry out it.s new authority un­ ducive "to the happiness and safety of more remote cities from the large centers of til ordered to do so by a federal district their constituents in particular, and population if the smaller areas hope to court here last year. America in general.'' John Adams, Ed­ foster industrial growth. The second and most damaging element ward Rutledge, and Richard Hentry Lee The Ford administration proposal would of misunderstanding was injected at that were appointed to a committee to prepare help the commuter air lines with subsidies. point. In its initial response to the court de­ a preamble to the resolution. Such a program was tried with Air Midwest cision, the Corps declared that an expansive The importance of the resoluti9n in which is serving cities that Frontier Airlines reading of the law would require every did not want to serve. Frontier was collecting farmer to get a federal permit to enlarge a America's move toward independence the subsidy but passing it along to Air Mid­ stock pond or shore up a drainage ditch. was underscored by Adams, who wrote in west. This was stopped by a U.S. Circuit Predictably, this brought a storm of protest his autobiography: Court ruling, but the matter was recon­ from fa.rm groups and others who did not This resolution I considered a.s a.n epocha., sidered recently by the Civil Aeronautics want to see the Corps marching up every a. decisive event. It was a. measure which I Board. Under the Ford program the subsidy stream and patrolling every damp field across ha.d invariably pursued for a. whole year, and would go direct to the small airline which the continent. Such fears appear to be great­ contended for, through a scene a.nd a series takes over service from a large airline. ly exaggerated, because the Corps and the of anxiety, labor, study, argument, and Since the new proposal has to get through Environmental Protection Agency have obloquy.... Congress it ma.y take a while, but it should be worked out careful plans for phasing in the of · benefit to many Kansas cities in the new system bf review and minimizing inter­ future. ference with minor projects such as farm maintenance. Even so, the subject came to be widely viewed as another example of over­ REGULATORY REFORM OF THE regulation from Washington. '.!'his feeling AIRLINES POST EDITORIAL OPPOSES SEC­ played a major role in the House panel's TION 404 CHANGE IN H.R. 9560 approval of a proposal, sponsored by Rep. John B. Breaux (D-La.), to limit the Corps' HON. KEITH G. SEBELIUS authority to navigable waters to the mean OF KANSAS · HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR high-water mark, a jurisdiction slightly more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF PENNSYLVANIA restricted than that which the Army exer­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cised before 1972. Monday, May 10, 1976 The House committee's brusque approach Mr. SEBELIUS, Mr. Speaker, on Octo­ Monday, May 10, 1976 would undo years of increasingly perceptive ber 8, 1975, President Ford sent to Con­ efforts to safeguard the nation's dwindling Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, the Public store of wetlands, along the coasts as well gress proposed legislation to improve the Works and Transportation Committee is as in upland and inland areas. These ir­ economic regulation of domestic airlines. reporting H.R. 9560 with a provision replaceable resources are most generally ap­ Subsequently this proposal was intro­ which will have an irreversible adverse preciated as breeding and feeding grounds duced in the House as H.R.10261 by Rep­ impact on our Nation's wetlands. This for wildlife. They also function, however, as resentative ROBERT JONES, WILLIAM HAR­ provision, known as the Breaux amend­ natural cleansers for polluted waters and as SHA, and GLENN ANDERSON, and referred ment, was added without hearings be­ buffer zones for flood control. These benefits to the House Committee on Public Works fore the committee, and is opposed by are not always apparent until the wetlands have been destroyed. In North Dakota, for and Transportation. EPA officials and environmental groups. instance, many wetlands have been filled This regulatory reform proposal had On May 7, I inserted into the RECORD for farming purposes; one result has been raised some concern in small commu­ a statement of my objections to this to turn the Souris River into a raging tor­ nities that abandonments would acceler­ amendment. It appears on page 13042 rent in 5 of the past 7 years. ate. While advocates of the measure have of the daily edition, and I recommend it The Breaux amendment thua re1lecta a denied this, I am nonetheless pleased to my colleagues who desire further clari­ short-sighted, Insensitive attitude toward re­ that the administration has also recom­ fication about the amendment. The full sources protection. While rightly protesting mended an amendment to the bill which that move, however, some environmenal text of an internal EPA memo analyzing groups have fostered yet another misconcep­ would assure small communities of air the Breaux amendment is included at tion that ought to be dispelled. This is the service through a subsidy program. the end of my statement. notion that regulation of wetlands by the Mr. Speaker, we are all aware that Mr. Speaker, an editorial addressed Corps is the only alternative to no control at within the last two decades almost 200 to this issue in strong support of the all. Despite its new environmental conscious­ cities have lost CAB certificated air serv­ preservation of our wetlands appeared ness, the Corps of Engineers is not the ideal ice through abandonment. The current in last Saturday's Washington Post. The agency-and certainly not the only qualified system does not, therefore, offer any as­ editorial points out the threat to the one--to make delicate Judgments about the future of these areas. Moreover, state and surance that additional smaller commu­ ecology of our wetlands should this local governments should be encouraged to nities will not also be abandoned. As amendment become law. I wish to insert assume far more resi:onsibllity than most trunk and regional air carriers move to it at this point for the benefit of my have asserted until now. EPA Administrator larger and more sophisticated aircraft colleagues: Russell E. Train and some members of the the likelihood of further abandonment WATCHING OVER THE WETLANDS House committee have indicated interest in increases for the reason that it is less The House Public Works Committee may working out a cooperative approach that economical to serve such communities have done environment.al groups a favor, in might win broader public acceptance than with these larger aircraft. I am pleased, a backhanded way, by voting to block fed­ a federally dominated plan, and thus prove therefore, to note the Ford administra­ eral regulation of dredging and filling in even more effective in the long run. If the most of the nation's wetlands. The commit­ Breaux amendment becomes a catalyst for tion initiative on the small communities tee's precipitate action has not only focused this kind of re-thinking, the House commit­ subsidy issue and hope the House Pub­ more public attention on the threats to tee's retreat could turn out to be advan­ lic Works Subcommittee on Aviation will valuable marshes, bogs and swamps. It has tageous after all. explore this problem in its hearings on also compelled the advocates of a broad wet­ the Aviation Act of 1975 which began lands protection program t.o appeal for con­ on May 5, 1976. gressional and public support. The resulting I insert a Great Bend Tribune edi­ debate may help to clear a.way some of the REMARKS OF JOHN J. RICCARDO. torial of March 30, 1976, in the RECORD: confusion and misinformation that have CHAffiMAN OF CHRYSLER CORP. clouded the subject for the past few yea.rs. A BOOST FOR Am SERVICE The current controversy goes back to 1972, Small commuter airllnes will get a big when Congress, in the clean water law, ex­ HON. LUCIEN N. NEDZI boost under a. new proposal by the Ford tended the Army Corps of Engineers' regu­ OF MICIDGAN administration. A subsidy program for the latory powers from navigable waters to airlines who serve the small cities is pro­ "waters of the United States." Apparently IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES posed. some legislators failed to recognize that this Monday, May 10, 1976 There is merit in the proposal because of change gave the Corps power t.o regulate the importance of air service to smaller com­ dredging and filling operations in all wet­ Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Speaker, as most of munities such a.s those served by Air Mid- lands areas, small creeks, lakes and recrea- us know, Chrysler, the Nation's 10th May 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13175 largest corporation, is making a come­ it's also one of the world's most beautiful. on a piecemeal basis. We cannot let our back after a severe economic slump. Our city's colleges-Wayne, University of problems slide until they reach crisis pro­ Detroit , Marygrove, Mercy College, and the portion and then look to some blue-ribbon Leading that comeback is chairman others-draw students from all parts of the committee for stopgap solutions. and chief executive officer, John J. Ric­ state. The city's main library, which has one The Detroit plan is a short-term solution, cardo. of the country's finest collections, serves but it can give us the time we need to deal I believe that a recent speech delivered many people and organizations beyond the effectively with these problems In the long by Mr. Riccardo is worthy of a wide city limits. More non-residents than residents run. I'm not going to describe in detail to­ audience. visit the Institute of Arts, the Historical night what that involves. But I would like Accordingly, under leave to extend my Museum, the Fort Wayne and Dossin mu­ to suggest a few areas where we should act seums, a.nd the Detroit Zoo. quickly. remarks in the RECORD, Mr. Riccardo's First, we need to enact proposed legislation remarks at the 280th reunion of the An­ Unfortunately, Detroit can no longer that would provide federal funds to cities cient Accepted Scottish Rite of Free­ single-handedly sustain the institutions and suffering from cyclical downturns and result­ services that have enriched our lives and ing high unemployment. masonry are set forth below: helped make it one of America's great cities. REMARKS BY JOHN J. RICCARDO Second, we need to explore ways to resolve Detroit today faces the same hard prob­ the inequities in the tax structure between We have always ta.ken great pride in the lems most American cities face-an aging the central city and surrounding communi­ fact that Chrysler is Detroit's number one central area, sharply rising costs for labor, ties. employer and largest single taxpayer. In the services, and materials, a declining popula­ Third, we need to review federal revenue metropolitan area we provide employment tion, a shrinking tax base, high unemploy­ sharing programs in order to assure cities an for 76,000 people. Thirty-five thousand of ment, and an urgent need for industrial de­ equitable and consistent distribution of these people live in the city of Detroit itself. velopment that means jobs for its citizens funds. Chrysler Corporation and its employees pay and tax revenue for the city. Fourth, we need to accelerate our efforts taxes to Detroit totalling $23 million ea.ch Even when the general economy is strong, to bring business and jobs back into the city. year. these are very difflcul t problems. When the Fifth, we need to establish some machinery Because of our pre-eminent position as economy is weak-as it was for the last two for making the best talent in the community an employer and taxpayer we naturally a.re years---they can become life and death available to city government on an on-going concerned a.bout Detroit's future. And I'm problems for any city. Detroit did not get basis to review city programs, and to re­ talking specifically now about the city we're into its present difficulties through fiscal commend ways for government to operate meeting in tonight--the City of Detroit, not mismanagement. By any standard--0perat­ more efficiently. We only see.m to call on the tri-county area or Metropolitan Detroit, ing budget, number of employees, accumu­ business, labor, and educational leaders or some other artificial community we create lated debt--Detroit is one of the country's when we have to work our way out of some so we all can call ourselves Detroiters. I mean best run cities. From the beginning, our city difficult problems. It seems to me we would Detroit from Telegraph to Alter Road and government had the courage to step up to be better off using their expertise and knowl­ from the river to Eight Mlle Road. That edge to avoid the problems in the first place. its problems and take the hard actions. It Perhaps most important, we as citizens Detroit. cut costs, consolidated operations, and im­ I mean the Detroit people say they're should commit ourselves to helping Detroit proved the efficbmcy and productivity of its realize its potential as a great city. We have afraid to visit--the Detroit that is caught workforce. For that effort, the mayor of today in a very serious financial squeeze-­ seen in the past what concerned citizens can Detroit, Coleman Young, deserves credit for accomplish-and that makes me confident the Det roit that the skeptics and cynics have courage and leadership that I believe are already written off as dead. about the future. outstanding. You're familiar, for example, with New The skeptics and cynics are dead wrong. There a.re limits to what he can do. The Detroit--the coalition of business, labor, and I believe we have to set the record straight city's charter requires that any operating community action groups that grew out of on what's happening in our city, and then deficit be financed in the following year's the 1967 civil disturbances. Some of you get on with the business of solving our prob­ budget. The city can't run up a huge debt. worked with New Detroit and its committees. lems. Detroit is still a strong, healthy, and To meet this requirement, Detroit now is Its emphasis is on social issues. New Detroit vital community. It's important to each one taking the only recourse currently available. has not solved all the problems of the city by of us regardless of where we happen to live It's reducing services and cutting payrolls any means. But it provides the vehicle for or work. We ea.ch have a stake in what hap­ even more----,and that's why the padlock is communication among the groups who can pens to our city. And what we do to help on the door of the Detroit Historical Mu­ solve the problems, and are solving the prob­ Detroit solve its current problems could seum. We are all diminished by this loss, lems. I am proud to be associated with this become a model for other cities a.cross the regardless of where we live. It's tragic that group. country. we have to sacrifice the jewels of our city. A second group working effectively for a I'm sure we all know what's been happen­ But some good may ultimately come out of better and stronger city is Detroit Renais­ ing in Detroit. I would guess some of us may this trying period if we come to understand sance. This organization represents all of De­ look at the city's problems with the same how essential the city of Detroit really 1s troit's major industries and the business kind of detached concern we might give the t.o our well-being and our lives. community. It was formed in 1970 to pro­ latest revolution in South America or earth­ Governor Milliken and other state leaders mote the physical development and revitali­ quake in Iran. We're a.ware of the problems. who already understand what Detroit means zation of the city. It was instrumental in We read a.bout them in the paper or hear to a healthy Michigan deserve our support. opening the Music Hall for the Performing about them on radio and television--0r pos­ I'm sure you're aware of the meetings the Arts downtown, in securing downtown loca­ sibly during an after-dinner speech. But as Governor and Mayor Young have held to tions for new federal government office build­ individuals living somewhere north of Eight work out a plan of action for Detroit. That ings, in working for new housing develop­ Mile or west of Telegraph we tend to feel they plan will soon go to the State Legislature. I ments in the inner city, and in planning for really don't involve us. Well, Detroit's prob­ urge you to contact your senator and repre­ further development of the cultural center on lems do involve us. The inescapable fa.ct is sentative and let them know you support it. Woodward Avenue. that Detroit and the rest of Michigan travel It will ease Detroit's immediate problems, I think we take for granted what the peo­ the same road-and wherever we go, we go and correct long-standing inequities in city ple of Detroit have accomplished. Detroiters together. and state financing that aggravated these are showing that people of goodwill can deal The entire state relies heavily on Detroi,t problems. with potentially explosive issues without de­ for its economic well-being and its.social, and Under these proposals more state money structive confrontation. With the eyes of the cultural life. More than half of all current will be coming to Detroit. But this will not nation on them, thousands worked behind commercial and industrial construction in be a bailing-out operation. These funds will the scenes through their block clubs, com­ our metropolitan area takes place within help support the institutions and services munity organizations, and churches, to help Detroit. The state's seven largest banks have that benefit us all. Detroit is carrying its prepare the city for the peaceful integration their headquarters in downtown Detroit. share of the load too. It has already cut its of its public school system. Detroiters faced Fifty-one different firms with annual sales costs and is prepared to pay increased taxes. the controversial question of equal opportu­ of $100 million or more have their headquar­ But the city cannot go it alone. Nor should nity employment in their police department ters in Detroit. Thirty-four rank in Fortune's it. The problems are too big and today's and brought it much more in line with the top 500 corporations. Detroit--with its Cobo society is too complicated for that. city's racial composition. And we are physi­ Hall-attracts more convention visitors each The program worked out by Governor cally rebuilding parts of the city with new year than most other cities, including San Milliken and Mayor Young is only an im­ housing developments, the riverfront devel­ Francisco-and that brings revenue and portant first step in the partnership which opment, the medical center near Wayne State business to many of the communities in the can provide solutions both long and short­ University, and the cultural center north of state. term for the problems of Detroit. there. Belle Isle is the largest island park of its The time is long p'81St when we can hope Walt Whitman said, "A great city is 'that kind in the country-and anyone who has to solve these complex and far-reaching which has the greatest men and women." We been there recently to see the renovation problems of transportation, housing, indus- have to encourage and nurture that sense of project that's been completed can tell you trial development, education, and financing greatness and purpose that's given us the re- 13176 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 10, 1976 sponsible citizenship we see in Detroit today. foresters have wide latitude In choosing re­ to light and minimal protection of the site Those o! us here tonight can help encourage generation cutting methods insofar as eco­ from climatic extremes. Foresters may de­ that feeling. Through the centuries, and in logical requirements of tree species are con­ pend on either artlflclal or natural regenera­ every city large or small, the great organiza­ cerned. Few species or sites require uneven­ tion or both in establishing the new stand tion your represent, the Masons, have com­ age management under a selection system, after clearcutting. In coniferous forests, mitted themselves to that ideal. This magnifi­ and necessary conditions can be provided clearcutting (that is, continuous or large cent building we're meeting in tonight is usually by some form of even-age manage­ patch clearcuttings 1 ) usually ls associated physical evidence o! your commitment to ment. Likewise, there is no ecolegical neces­ with artificial reforestation by planting or your community and its people. So is your sity for large patch or continuous clearcut­ seeding. Natural regeneration is a.n alterna­ presence here in Detroit for this reunion. The tings to regenerate most types, species, and tive with coniferous species that are consis­ Scottish Rite Declaration of Principles says sites including Douglas-fir; shelterwood or tent and prollflc seed producers such as lob­ the fundamental purpose of Freemasonry is strip clearcut systems appear equally suit­ lolly pine. Clearcutting of hardwood forests "to improve and strengthen the character of able !or regeneration of most species on most relies primarily on natural regeneration. the individual, and through the individual, sites. Selection systems can be used sucess­ Modifications of the clearcutting system over the character of the community." fully for some major species, including cer­ much smaller areas a.re designed specifically By rededicating yourselves to this great tain southern pines. They also could be used to enhance regeneration by providing a more fundamental purpose you can join all those !or many others, provided that a change In protected. site and, if natural regeneration ls now helping to build a better community in species composition is acceptable. Ecological sought, an abundant seed supply. The most the city. Working together, we can put to constraints do limit use o! clearcuts on more common modlflcation is the alternate strip shame those who say Detroit ls dying. Work­ severe sites, that ls, those where moisture clearcutting where long, narrow clearcut ing together, we can show that Detroit is alive and temperature are major problems. With areas are interspersed. with uncut strips. An­ and well and ready to make the most o! the these exceptions, economic and social rather other is the small group or patch clearcut­ promise of tomorrow. than ecologic considerations appear to be the ting on, perhaps, 1 to 5 acres, rather than Thank you very much. most important factors controlling selection the much larger areas typically referred to as o! cutting systems. clearcuttings. In the seed-tree system, all of the forest :INTRODUCTION stand ls cut except for a few selected trees Preparing a comprehensive paper on ef­ (perhaps from 2 to 12 per acre). These trees NEED FOR. EVEN-AGED fects o! even-age management on vegetation are left to provide seed for natural regenera­ MANAGEMENT? has proved a laborious task; Because time tion and have only a minor protective func­ and resources were lnsufficient to consider tion. The success of the method depends the total effect on all elements o! plant upon leaving enough seed trees to produce communities, we decided that we must con­ adequate seed for regenerating the stand HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. fine ourselves to effects of cutting systems when seedbed conditions are optimum. Re­ OF CALIFORNIA on forest regeneration. We then proceeded lease of seed trees before harvest cut some­ to examine the research and experience re­ times may be required to stimulate seed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES corded in ea.ch of the major forest types of production and insure coincidence o! the Monday, May 10, 1976 the United States--the sllvicultural systems seed crop With favorable seedbed conditions. bei.ng used or under study and their suc­ In the shelterwood system, the old stand Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. cesses and failures in terms of regeneration. is removed gradually in from two to several Speaker, the decision of whether to im­ We soon became aware that the paper we stages. Sufficient trees are left to protect pose restrictions of any sort on na­ were producing on a type-by-type basis was the site from environmental extremes until tional forest management practices has going to be unwieldy, incomplete, and repe­ regeneration is established, generally by nat­ become one of the main issues in this on­ titious-not to mention boring. Patterns ural seeding. As Smith stated, "Within the going debate in both Houses. The cata­ emerge and repeat themselves In type after framework of the shelterwood method, it ls ly.st which triggered this controversy type. Almost all major types can be regen­ possible to achieve wide variation In the erated successfully by a variety of silvicul­ relative degrees of shelter and exposure.... was the existence of certain provisions tural systems. Few species or types have Adjustments can be made to meet the en­ within the National Forest Timber Man­ such limited tolerances that only a single vironmental requirement of almost all agement Reform Act, H.R. 11894, which harvesting method will suffice .. species." placed a general 25-acre limitation on We altered our original intentiolll:I, there­ In the selection system, mature trees are clearcutting in our forests west of the fore; Instead, we have prepared a paper on cut, either as individuals (single tree selec­ lOOth meridian, and a limitation in the patterns or generalities that are appar­ tion) or in small groups (small group selec­ those east of the lOOth meridian which ent and lllustrated them In selected types. tion), throughout the entire stand. This pro­ allows clearcuts only for salvage and We wlll try to point out the latitude sllvi­ cedure is repeated indefinitely at relatively wildlife. culturists typically have in choosing regen­ short intervals. Reproduction thereby is es­ erating techniques and some of the biologic ta.bllshed continuously and an uneven-age These restrictions were not set arbi­ stand structure ls maintained. This system trarily. Evidence accumulated over the and environmental factors that constrain them. We will lllustrate these principles with results in the least disturbance and is there­ last decade has emphasized the damage examples of some o! the species, types, and fore the most plea.sing from an esthetlc view­ to soil quality, to watersheds, to the circumstances that necessitate either un­ point. regenerative ability of the land, et even- or even-age management, or a par­ It is important to remember that clearcut­ cetera, of large-scale clearcuts. For ex­ ticular even-age system, to obtain prompt ting, seed-tree, and shelterwood methods are ample, moisture and temperature are regeneration. Finally, specific conditions will all ut111zed in even-age management, and important factors in the adequate re­ be discussed for two major forest regions-­ only the selection method is aimed at un­ generation of harvested lands. Clearcut­ the Douglas-fir and the southern pine and even-age management. Further, among the bottomland hardwood. even-age methods, the shelterwood ls the ting can upset the proper balance of most "conservative," that is, protective of the these factors to the degree that they are SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS site from environmental extremes, and usu­ beyond the tolerant levels for particular Before proceeding, let's examine and define ally depends upon and provides suitable cir­ species. The larger the clearcuts, espe­ the different silvicultural systems used to cumstances for natural regeneration. Con­ cially over 10 acres in size, the greater achieve regeneration cuts. We will make the versely, patch or continuous clearcutting general presumption that the objective of re­ the damage to necessary environmental generation cutting ls a replacement stand 1 One can argue at what size (acreage) conditions for good regeneration. within a certain time llmlt and of a desired areas logged by group selection a.re suffi­ I would like to call the attention of my composition and vigor. According to Smith, ciently large to be considered small group or colleagues to a statement prepared by a !our major systems are used in regeneration patch clearcuttings. To clarl!y our terminol­ U.S. Forest Service Plant Ecologist, J. F. cutting although each has numerous varl­ ogy in this article, we offer the following ad­ Franklin, and a research forester for ants--the clearcut, seed-tree, shelterwood, mittedly arbitrary size definitions: Crown Zellerbach Corp., Dean S. Debell, and selection systems. Three of the four sys­ Continuous clearcutting, 100 acres or more; tems lead to the creation of a new, even-age Large patch clearcuttlng, 10 to 50 acres; on this subject of even-aged manage­ stand regard.less of the form of the original Small patch ( or group) clea.rcuttlng, 1 to 5 ment versus mixed-aged management stand. The only exception 1s the selection acres; Group selection, two trees to % acre; of in the different regions the country. system and its vartants, which a.re used to and Selection, single tree. I urge a thoughtful review of this article. create or maintain uneven-age stands­ Also, we use the term clearcuttlng to refer EFFECTS OF VARIOUS HARVESTING METHODS ON stands with "a.t least three well-defined age to biological clee.rcuttings, where all trees FOREST REGENERATXON classes." over a certain size are removed, 1n contrast (By Jerry F. Franklin and Dean S. DeBell) to commercial clearcuttings, where culls and In the clearcutting system, the entire stand otherwise defective and unmercha.ntable ABSTRACT is removed in one cutting. This method pro­ trees are left standing. We thank Dr. David Available literature indicates that for duces the most drastic changes in environ­ Smith for his advice 1n arrtvlng at these most forest types and species on most sites, mental conditions-providing full exposure definitions. · May 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13177 provides maximum exposure of the site and Even seral or subclimax forest stands haps a better question to ask is "Which depends much more upon artificial regenera­ sometimes can be perpetua,ted by selection forest types, species, or sites cannot be re­ tion for new stand establishment. Shelter­ methods, but the landowner must be will­ generated successfully by a clearcutting sys­ wood techniques a.re more difficult and patch­ ing to accept a compositional change in the tem?" At the risk of being accused of saying clearcutting methods simpler to apply. Strip type. Examples are changes from Douglas­ all methods are suited to all types, we and small-group clearcutting and seed-tree ftr to western hemlock, ponderosa pine to must suggest again that most truly produc­ methods are intermediate in these Douglas-fir, and mixed hardwood stands tive forest land can be regenerated after characteristics. containing an abundance of yellow-popla.l' clearcutting-provided that a dependable The selection silvicultural system is, of to stands where oaks and hickories predomi­ method of artificial reforestation is available. course, the most difficult to a.pply, and there nate. Sometimes, a group-selection tech­ Some serious constraints exist. however, and is some doubt whether a "true" selection nique may be adequate to provide for re­ not all forests suited to even-age manage­ cut as compared to an "economic" selection generation of the more desirable but less ment necessarily a.re suited to clearcutting, (or high-gra.ding) cut ever has been done tolerant species and retard or arrest the particularly on an ex.tensive basis. Let's con­ operationally in many forest types of the gradual successional change in stand com­ sider so.me of the factors essential for re~ United States. position. Some species, however, represent generation and how they can influence its WHERE IS UNEVEN-AGE MANAGEMENT very early stages in succession and probably success or failure. NECESSARY OR POSSmLE? cannot be perpetuated by any type of selec­ The regeneration triangle of Roe, Alex­ We can begin by asking whether there tion cutting. These include red a.Ider, paper ander, and Andrews contains three groups of lLre any forest types or species in the United birch, aspen, and longleaf pine. elements that must be present for a success­ States that are unsuited to some method of Although regeneration can be obtained ful natural regeneration-adequate seed even-age management. Or, stated another by selection cutting in most forest types, suitable seedbed, and a favorable environ: way, a.re there types or species that require even-age systems are operationally more ment for establishment and growth. Arti­ uneven-age management, 'a selection efficient because areawide cultural treat­ ficial regeneration, particularly planting, method, for their m.aintenance or regener­ ments can be imposed. Moreover, growth largely circumvents two of these elements­ ation? rates of reproduction are more rapid when seed and seedbed. 'Favorable environment re­ From our examination of the literature, even-age systems a.re used. These two con­ mains as a requirement for either natural we find few situations where the selection siderations are of prime importance if wood or artificial regeneration, however, and here­ method is essential to regenerate a new production is the ma.in objective of manage­ in lies the chief difficulty with extensive stand. PerlUl.ps the outstanding example is ment; however, they can be tempered with clearcutting. virtually pure ponderosa pine found on other considerations including continuity Environmental elements that influence re­ sites subject to severe environmental of forest cover and esthetics where other generation success usually can be reduced stresses, particularly in moisture or tem­ forest resources are also significant. to temperature, moisture, and light. La.ck of perature or both---climax ponderosa pine WHERE IS EVEN-AGE MANAGEMENT SUITABLE AND nutrients may limit regeneration on some sites.2 WHAT FORM SHOULD IT TAKE? sites (for example, phosphorus-deficient soils in the southeast), but these are excep­ Ponderosa pine stands of this type some­ If characteristics of few species, types, or times have been considered uneven or all tions. Temperature and moisture tend to be sites dictate uneven-age management, then problems on one type of site and light on an­ aged. Most work indicates they consist of a most species should be suited to some even­ mosaic of small even-age groups or patches other. Unfavorable light conditions are most age method. Indeed they a.re. Most forest commonly a consequence of competing vege­ that collectively present an uneven-age ap­ types have been grown and regenerated suc­ pearance. Regeneration cuttings in these tation, and therefore problems are greatest cessf~ly under one or more of the even-age on the most productive sites where growth of pine forests usually include some form of silvicultural systems---clearcutting, seed-tree, selection system; group selection has re­ competing vegetation is rapid. Any silvicul­ or shelterwood. But which of these is most tural system will tend to stimulate develop­ ceived greater emphasis than individual applicable in a given situation? Let's begin tree selection in recent yea.rs. Clea.rcutting ment of competing vegetation on such habi­ with a consideration of the most controversial tats. Although clearcutting often produces does not provide suitable conditions for of the group---clea.rcutting. prompt regeneration in most stands, a.nd the most favorable circumstances for devel­ Do any types, species, or sites have charac­ stands and environment usually are not opment of competing vegetation, a variety of suited to a shelterwood cutting. Even under teristics that necessitate the use of clear­ chemical and physical methods are available cuttings? Biologically, no types or species selection cutting, regeneration is typically for control, and areas of regeneration failure episodic, a.waiting the suitable combination appear to require large clearcuttings for suc­ can be corrected by planting or seeding. Such of a good seed year and favorable condi­ cessful regeneration-by "large," we mean control methods are difficult or impossible tions for germination and establishment clea.rcuttings that exceed 10 acres. Even to use on areas cut by shelterwood or selec­ during the next growing sea.son. shade-intolerant species, such as yellow­ tion methods. Less common a.re problems Although a few types require uneven­ poplar, can find light conditions suited to associated with excesses of solar radiation, a.ge management or selection forestry, we their establishment in areas of less than 2 such as those encountered after clea.rcutting might ask whether other types can be man­ acres. Tryon and Trimble found that even Engelmann spruce at high elevations in the aged in this way if so desired. We might intolerant hardwoods reproduced and grew Rocky Mountains. also ask whether some types can be regen­ well in areas as small as ~ acre. The very in­ Unfortunately, ·adverse conditions of mois­ erated more easily by the selection system tolerant black cherry reproduces best in small ture or temperature are much more difficult than by even-age methods. Apparently, openings or narrow strips that are less than ( or impossible) to ameliorate, and large­ many forest types can be regenerated by 66 feet in width. Red alder also appears ca­ scale clea.rcutting almost invariably aggra­ selection cutting; in fact, most of the pable of regenerating in small clearcut vates these problems. Consider, for example, climax forest types and very tolerant species patches. the distribution of western forest types in can be perpetuated easily by selection cut­ In fact, large-scale clea.rcutting methods an "environmental field" of relative moisture ting.• Examples of the latter include the · are not justified by biological requirements stress and temperature, and then recall the northern hardwood types where beech and for regeneration of the type or species but for specific situation in which problems have sugar maple are desired and the red spruce­ rather different reasons. One is that early arisen in regeneration after extensive clear­ balsam fir type where objectives include growth rates of established seedlings are cutting. Usually, regeneration failures have favoring the spruce. often most rapid in clea.rcuttings-less occurred where either moisture or tempera­ "edge" per unit area is involved and therefore ture are controlling or overriding environ­ a smaller proportion of the new stand is re­ mental factors. Clearcutting has aggravated 2 The ponderosa pine forests found on less tarded by "edge" effects. Disease or insect severe sites with aggressive, more tolerant these conditions sufficiently that they a.re problems may be another reason. The prime near or beyond tolerances of the species we competitors, such as Douglas-fir or grand reasons for large-scale clearcutting, however, fir, a.re entirely different. These forests usu­ wish to regenerate. Furthermore, conditions are those related to efficiency and economics are often not only beyond the tolerances of ally were created and maintained by fire, in harvesting and managing the stands. As and selection forestry on these sites eventu­ natural seedlings, but also beyond the range Duffield has pointed out, clearcutting often for dependable artificial regeneration, that ally will result in elimination of the pine. " ... makes the least demand on other valua­ This points out the danger of generalizing is, for survival and growth of planted trees. ble resources, such as energy and labor, and Some form of "protection" cutting, such as about 'an appropriate cutting method for a on road mileage, transportation, and super­ widespread and variable "forest type" such shelterwood or the strip clearcutting, can as ponderosa. pine, especially when that for­ vision." Certain treatments used in inten­ maintain these stresses within the tolerance est type is defined on an economic rather sive culture---for example, fertilization and levels of the regenerating trees. control of weed species---ca.n be applied most than an ecologic basis. Problems also have been encountered after efficiently to large areas. 3 It is essential to remember that many clea.rcutting on very wet sites in the south­ tree species, especially in the western United At times, landowners may wish to liqui­ eastern coastal plains-these will be dis­ States, differ in their successional roles from date an economically unproductive stand or cussed in more detail later. site to site, as was pointed out with pon­ convert a stand from one species to another. Extensive clea.rcutting becomes increasing- derosa pine. Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine, With such objectives, large-sea.le clearcuttlng ly undependable as environmental condi­ usually thought of as intolerant, seral spe­ may be the best, if not the only, alternative tions become more and more limiting. Con­ cies, are, in fact, climax on certain sites and available. sequently, using such a technique on severe therefore biologica.lly amenable to regenera­ Given that regeneration of forest species sites is unwise, particularly 1f no dependable tion under selection methods on these sites. never requires large-sea.le clearcuttings, per- method of artificial regeneration is available. 13178 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 10, 1976 This is generally true in the forest habitats lltical stage but still active and keen of mind, more than half of the fiscal year 1977 monies, that a.re extremely dry, wet, hot, or fro.st sus­ Farley paused long enough during the pre­ while solar ls slated to receive about 6 per ceptible. On such sites, and they are numer­ game celebration to list the team of Yankees cent. ous, even-age management using shelterwood he would send against any other combine. Gerald Parsky, assistant Treasury secre­ or strip or group clearcutting methods often "Bill Dickey would be my catcher," he tary, said in his press conference that the has proved successful. said. "A close pick over Yogi Berra. Gehrig, solar research portion has lately been in­ naturally, at first base, Joe Gordon at second, creased, but he had no current figures. Phil Rizzuto at short and Red Rolfe at third. Interestingly, the Japanese "Sunshine "The outfield: Ruth, Joe DiMaggio and Project" wlll devote about three billion dol­ JIM FARLEY, NO. 1 YANKEE FAN Mickey Mantle. If I were allowed substitutes, lars to research and development of alter­ they would be Earl Combs and Charles Kel­ nate power sources, roughly the same amount ler. the United States dedicated in fiscal year HON. MARIO BIAGGI "My pitching staff would be Allie Reynolds, 1977. Lefty Gomez, Vice Raschi and Whitey Ford." Overall, it seemed that one implication OF NEW YORK By this time the crowd was gathering for of the energy assessment was that the United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the ceremony. Big Jim rose from his chair in States is mainly hampered from achieving Monday, May 10, 1976 the Yankee club lounge, put on his black energy independence by environmental re­ fedora and headed briskly for the elevator. strictions, especially with regard to nuclear Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the New "I got to go downstairs and shake hands power and the strip mining of coal. If worse York Yankees recently held their first with Yogi Berra," he said. ca::ne to worse, we could withstand another game in the newly refurbished Yankee siege by OPEC. Stadium, something all Yankee fans are Wednesday's series of perspectives brought one surprise-the announcement by Sheikh glad to see. At one time, there were fears LBJ LIBRARY HOSTS WORLD Abdullah Tarikl, cofounder of OPEC, that that the team would be' the New Jersey OPEC ls planning to use substantial amounts Yankees. ENERGY EXPERTS of its surplus oil earnings to invest in less Their staying in New York was partly developed countries. due to the support of Jim Farley, former Tariki said Wednesday evening that there chairman of the Democratic National HON. J. J. PICKLE would be no ideological basis for deciding Committee and former Postmaster Gen­ OF TEXAS which countries could receive the aid. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "We're interested in people, no matter eral, who is perhaps better known in some what country,'' he said. circles as the No. 1 Yankee fan. He was Monday, May 10, 1976 The Japanese point of view reflected the interviewed at the opening game by a degree to which their economy was hurt by correspondent for the Nyack, N.Y., Jour­ Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, the LBJ the· 1973 OPEC embargo, hoping to supply nal-News regarding his thoughts on the Library played host to the International technical and managerial expertise to oil Yankees. University of Texas Ex-Students' Con­ producing countries to offset their almost Frankly, no alltime, all-Yankee team ference on Energy, April 27-30 in Austin. total dependence on foreign oil. would be complete without Jim Farley From academe, from business, and Ronald Brown, labor member of the in the lineup. I hope my colleagues will from Government, experts in the variety British Parliament, expressed pride in Brit­ of aspects of the complex energy ·field ain's future as an oil producing country enjoy this update on our national past­ looking forward to joining OPEC. time. have a frank exchange of views. Special The Pakistani delegate expressed the de­ The article follows: commendation should go to Ambassador veloping importing countries' plight, squeez­ JIM FARLEY'S ALL-TIME ALL-YANKEE TEAM Edward Clark of the University of Texas ed both by high energy prices directly and (By Will Grimsley) Board of Regents who gave the confer­ indirectly by the price inflation of energy­ ence its imPetus and who continues to lntensive imported manufactured goods. NEW YoRK.-In choosing his all-time, all­ work and honor the University of Texas Regent Ed Clark, prime mover behind the New York Yankee baseball team, big Jim conference, said that one of the main goals Farley starts with Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig. in dozens of ways. I enclose an article from the University was to establish a forum, relatively free of "The Babe," the Grassy Point, N.Y. native nationalism, to discuss the situation and the said fondly Thursday when the New York of Texas Daily Texan of April 30, 1976, outlook. In that, the conference seems to Yankess opened the new, $100 million Yankee summarizing the conference: have been successful. Stadium against the Minnesota Twins," he CONFERENCE ExAMINES INTERNATIONAL There were repeated calls for a recognition was undoubtedly the greatest hitter in all ENERGY 0PrIONS of our increasing interdependence, world­ baseball history. (By Ernest Wylie Harkins) wide, as an indispensable ingredient for con­ "Hank Aaron is great, but you must re­ tinuing world peace and expanded economic member he had 2,000 more tlnles a.t bat than The International Ex-Students' Energy Conference ended quietly Thursday at the development, or more pesslmlstlcally, to the Babe did. What an athlete and what a stave off disaster. showman the Babe was. LBJ Library on a sober note: the reality of interdependence. There seemed to be some interesting swirls "I will never forget how he pranced around and eddies in the diplomatic undercurrent, the bases--those thin ankles of his like a Conferees had heard a series of speakers, starting Tuesday, giving an assessment of since there was a noticeable lack of elected thoroughbred race horse, those short, minc­ officials, or their representatives from this ing steps. And as he ca.me to the plate, al­ the worldwide energy supply situation and outlook; perspectives from the various blocs, country. ways that courteous tip of the hat. The absence of the scheduled speaker "And Gehrig-his record speaks for itself." both importers and exporters; and wound up with a humanistic look at the options. from Romania, the only delegate from the Farley is the No. 1 Yankee fan, a straight-_ Soviet sphere, was glossed over, since Uni­ backed vigorous man of 88 always familiar in Since the conference was sponsored in part by the large oll companies, it was pre­ versity Prof. George Hoffman filled in with that black fedora. He's been watching Yankee an excellent presentation of the perspective teams for 72 years and his steel trap mind dictable that the focus was on fossil fuels of the "planned economy" importing can reel off names and incidents as if they primarily and on nuclear power secondarily. From a pragmatic, engineering point of countries. were yesterday. Significantly, Bulgaria, Romania, and "I saw my first game in 1904," he recalled. view, that was only logical, since no matter Albania fill a high percentage of their energy "It was against the Red Sox and the Yankees what sort of energy sources we come up with requirements through the use of lignite, lost 4-2. They lost the pennant by half a eventually, we have to depend on proved which is considered unfeasible in this game. energy supplies for the next 20 to 30 years. country. "I can give you the lineup. There was a Conventional Wisdom has nuclear power, catcher, Kleinow, and the pitcher, Chesbro. fission style, slated to produce an ever in­ Prof. Herbert Drummond, director of the Chesbro won 42 games and lost 12. Imagine creasing proportion of our worldwide power Center for Energy Studies, and conference a guy winning 42 games. Ganze! at first . . . over the next 10 years, tripling the number coordinator, said that was because they have Jim Wllliams at second .. : Elberfeld, Conroy, of reactors in operation. a.bsolutely no environmental restrictions. Anderson, hit 'em where they ain't Willie Still, one is inclined to wonder whether Once the topic of food came up, popula­ Keeler." the emphasis on nuclear power, highly ex­ tion control was the obvious concurrent Farley was former chairman of the Dem­ ploitable by the energy companies, is totally topic, raising the case of India. cratic Committee and was postmaster gen­ a result of its immediate technical feasibility. Mr. Shah, a UT-ex from Bombay, told me eral when Franklin Delano Roosevelt was Fusion, the other nuclear, is touted as the that time would tell whether Indira Gandhi's president. Politics was his bag-and he was energy source of the 21st Century, but there programs were the correct course, but that rated among the smartest--but sports was ~.eems ;;° be a relative neglect of another one thing was certain, "the other way was his avocation. He learned to love the Yankees. exotic power source, solar energy. sure disaster." Big Jim was one of the honored guests at The proposed Energy Research and Devel­ All in all, though attendance was relatively the opening of the new stadium. opment Agency (ERDA) budget shows that poor, the conference did establish many Thinner than when he dominated the po- nuclear, fission and fusion, will account for valuable person-to-person contacts. The May 10, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13179 proceedings of the conference will be gress wlll extend it. Even if it gains new life, 1974; second, the Dowling College assembled, translated into various languages it may be in far different character than at matching fund-in which the club do­ and distributed to national leaders world­ present. Some critics favor more stringent nates $250 a year and Dowling in return, wide. controls on how municipalities spend money, while others lean toward the more traditional gives a local student a $3,000 scholarship; The Center for Energy Studies also has the third, over 200 camperships to local chil­ entire conference on video tape and may method of grants-in-aid for specific purposes, offer an edited version, coordinator Clif eliminating general revenue-sharing. dren; fourth, donations of tape record­ Drummond said. Funds are now given to local and state ers to the blind; fifth, donations of ther­ The whole conference went extremely governments with few strings attached. A apeutic equipment to Community Am­ smoothly, partly through the efforts of the tightening of the reins, or el1Inination of the bulance Service and local hospital; sixth, service organizations, APO and GOE, who program entirely, would have severe reper­ arrangement for Navy Band concert.5; served as ushers, hostesses and chauffeurs cussions. Illinois, which has been :flirting with seventh, boat ride picnics for children for the guests. poverty even with this largesse, received suffering from muscular dystrophy; $347,447,827 in the first three years of the program. Nearly $700 million went to loca.l eighth, sending Kiwanis Santa Claus to governments in this state during the same St. Charles Hospital on Christmas; period. ninth, Thanksgiving and Christmas food REVENUE SHARING NEEDED Local governments--counties, townships baskets for needy families; tenth, Ki­ and municipalities-may spend revenue­ wanis float for Thanksgiving parade; sharing funds according to "priorities." A eleventh, donations to local library; study financed by the Illinois Cities and Vil­ twelfth, sending of medicines to mis­ HON· EDWARD J. DERWINSKI lages Municipal Problems commission re­ sionaries in Africa; thirteenth, Kiwanis OF ILLINOIS veals that most governmental units spent the Easter Bunny visit.5 St. Charles Hospital, money on health, public transportation, pub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lic safety and environmental protection. and fourteenth, recent jamboree raised Monday, May 10, 1976 Revenue-sharing has been criticized in that over $5,000 for muscular dystrophy. municipalities have not spent the funds on So active has the Sayville Kiwanis Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is more "people-oriented" programs, but the been, that it has organized two new my hope that the House Government Op­ state of local budget problems has made us groups, the MacArthur Kiwanis Club, erations Committee finally overcomes the a.ware that the revenue-sharing money has and one in Oakdale. obvious procrastination of some of its been sorely needed just to maintain existing members and expeditiously moves ahead services; there is rarely anything left for The scholarship awards, $375 each to with the bill to continue revenue sharing. more. Inflation is a prominent culprit there. two student.5 from both the SaYVille and Bayport-Blue Point High Schools, are Justification for the program can be There could be some constructive changes in the program, perhaps to assure more ex­ made to students who can best benefit found in report.5 from weekly publica­ posure on how the money is spent in order from this generous assistance. tions serving communities across the ~ avoid abuses. But we must also be aware country. Typical of the support for reve­ I am proud to represent this fine club that federal officials are less likely to know in Congress, and I want to take one ad­ nue sharing is the editorial in the Star­ the best use for local funds than are the ditional moment to honor the past presi­ Tribune publications serving suburban local officials. So pulling too much of the Cook County, Ill., which appeared on spending authority back to Washington may dent.5 and present officers of the Bayville April 29, 1976: be a cure worse than the illness. Kiwanis. The past president.5 are: Victor A. Elias, 1960. COMMUNITIES NEED REVENUE SHARING FUNDS Cong. George O'Brien's office estimates that Homewood's village boa.rd took more than the earliest a revenue-sharing bill could come Michael A. Chiuchlolo, 1961. a. casual look this spring at levying a. utiUty out of the House is late May, and June is Wllllam F. Butler, 1962. tax before pa.ring down expenses and discard­ more likely. The Senate ls sitting back to see Gilbert D. Bishop, 1963. what the House does. ing the idea. David Mlller, 1964. Chica.go Heights is heading toward another Meanwhile, government officials back home Joseph F. Neitzel, 1965. deficit city budget, and an increase in the struggle with figures clothed in uncertainty property tax levy ls likely anyway. as they plan their fiscal year. They have be­ Dr. Phllip R. Peters, 1966. Harvey has been plagued with problems of come so reliant on the revenue-sharing Anthony M. Umlle, 1967. decreasing revenues from traditional sources crutch, it has become a part of the munJ.­ Hon. Everett E. Schrader, 1968. such as real estate and sales taxes with in­ cipal body. The revenue-sharing program can Wilbur J. Diehl, 1969. creasing demands for services. be improved, but drastic surgery would leave Harry I. Stevens, Jr., 1970. Similar tales of woe could be tallled at more than bruises for the taxpayers in this Gregory W. Munson, 1971. most municipalities in the area as local gov­ area. Edward J. Flynn, 1972. ernment officials tangle with budget projec­ tions for the 1976-77 fiscal year. Many have a Thomas E. Murray, 1973. difficult time maintaining existing services, William F. Ha.user, 1974. much less providing funds for innovative KIWANIS INTERNATIONAL programs or capital expenditures. The present officers and directors are: Those that have ventured into somethitig OFFICERS a. little extra have been able to ·do so with H: Bush, President. federal revenue-sharing funds. Oak Forest, HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY James G. Yager, Imm. Pa.st President. for example, has used that money to make OF NEW YORK Robert A. Tobi, First Vice President. payments on a fire department aerial tower IN THE HOUSE OF REPRFSENTATIVES unit, build a second fire station and pay the Rogert Broad, Second Vice President. salaries of youth officers in the police depart· Monday, May 10, 1976 T. Richard Stablein, Treasurer. ment. Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. John F. Kidd, Secretary. Dolton used revenue-sharing funds to Speaker, as we all know, Kiwanis Inter­ DmECTORS build a new police fa.c1lity. Townships in this national is a men's service organization Gilbert Bishop. area have initiated or strengthened youth whose purpose is "Service to Youth, the Edward Byrnes. programs with federal help. Aging, Community, and Nation." Burdge Diamond. It ls obvious that federal revenue-sharing, Edward Flynn. although a stripling four years old, has be­ Founded in 1915, today's membership come a pa.rt of municipal finance structure, approaches 300,000 men. Harry Stevens. but it may not be a. dependable one. Whlle The Suffolk East Division is made up J. Allen Parnell. local officials here tinker with budgets, a. of 11 clubs throughout eastern Suffolk. Henry Wunder. major unknown looms in Washington, where One of those, the Kiwanis Club of Say­ Mr. Speaker, all Americans can be Congress ls plodding through a. stack of bllls ville, was founded in 1958 and is located grateful to Kiwanis Clubs in their com­ on that federal revenue-sharing program within my congressional district. It has munities, for they exhibit many of the that has helped the state of minois and been active and visible in community virtues of charity, service, and humani- many local governments to keep their heads tarianism that contribute t.o the unpar­ above red ink for the ,Past four years. affairs and lists among its accomplish­ General revenue-sharing runs out Decem­ ments and contributions, first, scholar­ alleled greatness of our Nation and 1t.5 ber 31, and there is no certainty that Con- ships for high school students---54 as of ideals.