*Manuscript Click here to view linked References 1 Are osseous artefacts a window on perishable material culture? Implications of an unusually 1 2 complex bone tool from the late Pleistocene of East Timor. 3 4 5 2¶&RQQRU6a, Roberston, G.b and Aplin, K. P.a* 6 7 8 a 9 Department of Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National 10 11 University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia,
[email protected] and 12 b 13
[email protected]; School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 14 15 4072, Australia,
[email protected]. * corresponding author (tel: +61 2 61252245; fax: +61 2 6257 16 1893). 17 18 19 20 21 22 Abstract 23 24 25 We report the discovery of a unusually complex and regionally unique bone artefact in a late 26 27 Pleistocene archaeological assemblage (c. 35 ka) from the site of Matja Kuru 2 on the island of Timor, 28 29 in Wallacea. The artefact is interpreted as the broken butt of a formerly hafted projectile point, and it 30 31 preserves evidence of a complex hafting mechanism including insertion into a shaped or split shaft, a 32 33 complex pattern of binding including lateral stabilization of the cordage within bilateral series of 34 35 notches, and the application of mastic at several stages in the hafting process. It provides the earliest 36 direct evidence for the use of this combination of hafting technologies in the wider region of Southeast 37 38 Asia, Wallacea, Melanesia and Australasia, and is morphologically unparalleled in deposits of any age.