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Build a Plane That Cuts Smooth and Crisp Raised Panels With, Against Or Across the Grain – the Magic Is in the Spring and Skew
Fixed-width PanelBY WILLARD Raiser ANDERSON Build a plane that cuts smooth and crisp raised panels with, against or across the grain – the magic is in the spring and skew. anel-raising planes are used Mass., from 1790 to 1823 (Smith may to shape the raised panels in have apprenticed with Joseph Fuller doors, paneling and lids. The who was one of the most prolific of the profile has a fillet that defines early planemakers), and another similar Pthe field of the panel, a sloped bevel example that has no maker’s mark. to act as a frame for the field and a flat Both are single-iron planes with tongue that fits into the groove of the almost identical dimensions, profiles door or lid frame. and handles. They differ only in the I’ve studied panel-raising planes spring angles (the tilt of the plane off made circa the late 18th and early 19th vertical) and skew of the iron (which centuries, including one made by Aaron creates a slicing cut across the grain to Smith, who was active in Rehoboth, reduce tear-out). The bed angle of the Smith plane is 46º, and the iron is skewed at 32º. Combined, these improve the quality of cut without changing the tool’s cutting angle – which is what happens if you skew Gauges & guides. It’s best to make each of these gauges before you start your plane build. In the long run, they save you time and keep you on track. Shaping tools. The tools required to build this plane are few, but a couple of them – the firmer chisel and floats – are modified to fit this design. -
Hand-Forging and Wrought-Iron Ornamental Work
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Lapping Kit Lappin
Lapping Kit 05M01.01Lapping Kit 05M01.01 Contents Contents Five 2-ounce containers of 90x, 180x, 280x, 400x and 600x silicon Five 2-ounce containers of 90x, 180x, 280x, 400x and 600x silicon carbide particles. carbide particles. Background Background Lapping is the process of rubbing two surfaces together with an abrasive Lapping is the process of rubbing two surfaces together with an abrasive and a lubricant to improve the quality of at least one of the surfaces. and a lubricant to improve the quality of at least one of the surfaces. Lapping can be used for fl attening (or truing) a surface, such as a worn Lapping can be used for fl attening (or truing) a surface, such as a worn sharpening stone. Lapping can also minimize the roughness of a surface sharpening stone. Lapping can also minimize the roughness of a surface (i.e., surface conditioning), such as a plane sole or blade. By minimizing (i.e., surface conditioning), such as a plane sole or blade. By minimizing the roughness in the sole of a plane, there is reduced friction between the the roughness in the sole of a plane, there is reduced friction between the plane and the workpiece, which in turn reduces abrasion. For blades or plane and the workpiece, which in turn reduces abrasion. For blades or chisels, the cutting edge can be made sharper if both intersecting surfaces chisels, the cutting edge can be made sharper if both intersecting surfaces are free of scratches. are free of scratches. Choosing an Abrasive Choosing an Abrasive Although any grit will provide adequate results for any application, each is Although any grit will provide adequate results for any application, each is best suited to a particular application. -
Technical Information
Technical Information ID and OD Circular and Helical Interpolation circular interpolation: Consists of a cutter rotating about its own axis circumference without any vertical shift during the operation. This while traveling in an orbiting motion about an ID or OD workpiece orbiting movement utilizes the “X” and “Y” axis. Inserts Face Mills End Mills ID circular interpolation OD circular interpolation helical interpolation: This application requires a milling machine with calculation of feed rate for circular and helical interpolation: three-axis control capability. The operation consists of a cutter rotating On most CNC machines, the feed rate required for programming about its own axis together in an orbiting motion about an ID or OD contour (circular or helical) milling is calculated based on the Die and Mold workpiece circumference in the “X” and “Y” plane. The circular centerline of the tool. When dealing with linear tool movement, the movement about the “X” and “Y” plane, with a simultaneous linear feed rate at the cutting edge and centerline are identical, but with movement in the Z-axis plane (which is perpendicular to the “X” and circular tool movement, this is not the case. “Y” plane), creates the helical movement. For example, the path from point A to point B on the envelope of the cylinder combines a circular Slotting movement in the “X” and “Y” plane with a linear movement in the “Z” calculate feed rate at the cutting edge: First calculate the tool feed direction. On most CNC systems, this function can be executed in two rate at the cutting edge with the following formula. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,001,957 Steckler 45 Date of Patent: Mar
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,001,957 Steckler 45 Date of Patent: Mar. 26, 1991 (54) OFFSET BANDSAW 3,668,961 6/1972 Blue ...................................... 83/820 76) Inventor: Edward T. Steckler, 124 Hershey Mill Primary Examiner-Hien H. Phan Rd., Apt. # A-1, Mountville, Pa. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Buchanan Ingersoll; Michael 17554 L. Dever 21) Appl. No.: 279,664 57 ABSTRACT (22 Filed: Dec. 5, 1988 An offset bandsaw uses a drive pulley and a second pulley which is angularly offset from the first drive 51 int. C. .............................................. B27B 13/10 pulley. A bandsaw blade is formed by twisting the blade 52 U.S. C. ........................................ 83/792; 83/661; 360 before welding the two ends together to form a 83/817; 83/820 continuous belt. The combination of the offset rollers 58) Field of Search ................. 83/807, 817, 820, 661, and the 360' twist permit the bandsaw blade to follow a 83/792 more natural path which improves blade life. Rollers (56) References Cited may be provided intermediate the drive pulley and top U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS pulley to position the bandsaw blade portions in the same plane. Alternatively one may provide a third or 1,461,004 7/1923 Napier ................................... 83/66 1,916,903 7/1933 Wine ...... ... 83/820 fourth pulley to create a precision saw which can cut 2,355,124 8/1944 Testo . ... 83/661 tight radii in a workpiece and make sizeable square cuts 3,390,598 7/1968 Sands et al. ... 83/820 through stock of any length. 3,474,693 10/1969 Wilkie et al.. -
AGREEMENT Between
AGREEMENT between MILLWRIGHTS LOCAL UNION 1121 of the EASTERN MILLWRIGHT REGIONAL COUNCIL UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA, and LABOR RELATIONS DIVISION OF THE ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OF MASSACHUSETTS, INC. and BUILDING TRADES EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATION OF BOSTON AND EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS, INC. and CONNECTICUT CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC. and AGC/CCIA BUILDING CONTRACTORS LABOR DIVISION OF CONNECTICUT, INC. EFFECTIVE: OCTOBER 1, 2015 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30,2019 Expires September 30, 2019 Eastern Millwright Regional Council UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA, EASTERN MILLWRIGHT REGIONAL COUNCIL MILLWRIGHTS LOCAL UNION 1121 ROBERT LOUBIER, Executive Secretary Treasurer 1661 Worcester Road, Suite 302 Framingham, Massachusetts 01701-5402 Phone 617-254-1655 Fax 617-783-5554 LABOR RELATIONS DIVISION OF THE ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORS OF MASSACHUSETTS, INC. BRIAN O'DONNELL, Director of Labor Relations 888 Worcester Street - #40 Wellesley, Massachusetts 02482-3793 Phone 781-235-2680 Fax 781-235-6020 BUILDING TRADES EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATION OF BOSTON AND EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS, INC. THOMAS J GUNNING, Executive Director 150 Grossman Drive, Suite 313 Braintree, Massachusetts 02184 Phone 781-431-7440 Fax 781-235-6020 CONNECTICUT CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC. DONALD SHUBERT, President 912 Silas Deane Highway Wethersfield, CT 06109 Phone 860-529-6855 Fax 860-563-0616 AGCICCIA BUILDING CONTRACTORS LABOR DIVISION OF CONNECTICUT, INC. DONALD SHUBERT, President 912 Silas Deane Highway -
Compoforging of Al-Si Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with -Sic: an Alternative Technique
The Open Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Journal, 2010, 3, 1-6 1 Open Access Compoforging of Al-Si Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with -SiC: An Alternative Technique M. F. Valencia García1,*, H. V. Martínez2 and A. Morales Ortiz2 1Escuela de Ingeniería de Antioquia; Grupo Productividad hacia la Competitividad GPC – A.A. 7516 Medellín, Colombia 2Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica. Grupo de Investigación sobre Nuevos Materiales GINUMA – A.A. 56006 Medellín, Colombia Abstract: This paper reports the -SiC particles surface modification by copper Electroless Plating (EP), as well as a morphological characterization of Al-Si reinforced composite obtained with such modified particles and consolidated by compoforging. The -SiC particles were obtained by thermal degradation of organic waste. The compoforging technique is a hybrid between the compocasting process and semi-solid forging. The properties of the obtained composite material derive from its globular structure, which is achieved by mixing the semi-solid alloy and the reinforcing particles. This method produced an almost perfect distribution of the reinforce particles. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve minimum defects (i.e. porosity) by applying pressures up to 60MPa. Keywords: Silicon carbide, electroless plating, superficial modification, mechanical mixing, compoforging. INTRODUCTION Table 1. Process Conditions for -SiC Synthesis About 35 years ago, semi-solid metallurgy, or semi-solid processing of alloys (SSM and SSP, respectively), was origi- Variable Value Unit nated. This technology combines the advantages of tradi- o tional forging and foundry processes. Nowadays such tech- Process temperature 1370 C nology and the development of Metal Matrix Composites Atmosphere process 1.5 L/min (MMC’s) have been strong, combining dispersion process to obtain Particulate reinforced Metal Matrix Composites Processing times 40 min (PRMCs). -
Sharpening Tips First of All, Make Sure That the Tools You Are Sharpening Are Equal to Your Efforts
GarrettWade White Paper Sharpening Woodworking Edge Tools This guide is designed to help you select the proper sharpening tools, and to instruct you in their care and use, so that you can look forward to years of satisfying, quality work. Even if you already own a number of sharpening tools, we hope you will find the sections on care and usage helpful, whether you are a professional or a home craftsman. A truly sharp tool is faster, more accurate, longer lasting, and certainly safer than a dull one, but a surprising number of skilled craftsmen fail to get their tools as sharp as they can (and should). In fact, the money and time you invest in getting your edge tools really sharp—and keeping them that way—will be repaid many times over in work quality and tool longevity. Once the very sharpest edge has been achieved, an occasional honing or stropping will maintain it. There are a huge variety of sharpening tools available – from power grinders (both vertical and horizontal, both slow and faster speeds), to diamond material, to solid carbide, to natural Arkansas, to water stones from Japan or the USA. Don’t be put off by this variety. Educate yourself, be thoughtful, ask for advice and you will develop a path that suits you personally. Volumes have been written in magazine articles and books on sharpening, and our brief write-up here can only scratch the surface. Nonetheless, we intend that this information to help get you started and give you a general frame of reference for subsequent information gathering or video watching. -
PRODUCTS Clever Products Backed by Smart Advice We Live for the Challenge
PRODUCTS Clever products backed by smart advice We live for the challenge SRG Global is an engineering-led specialist construction, maintenance and mining services group built to solve complex problems across the entire asset lifecycle. SRG Global was born out of Australia’s Few specialist services companies have greatest ever engineering and construction amassed the same knowledge, developed challenge, the Snowy Mountains Hydro- as many innovations or worked on as many electric Scheme, in 1961. Today, we are world-class projects as we have. As a result, an ASX listed company bringing a unique we have some of the best technical minds engineering mindset to every construction, and problem solvers, supported by a culture maintenance and mining project we touch. that encourages out of the box thinking and people working together to push boundaries Our specialist technical capabilities, on what’s considered possible. diversified services and global experience working on iconic skyscrapers, bridges, We are also relentless in the way we deliver. dams, structures, transport infrastructure, We know that people’s lives depend on us mining and oil and gas projects, means there executing with absolute precision, which is is no complex challenge we can’t resolve. why we never compromise on our systems, processes and safety standards. Working across the entire asset lifecycle, we provide bespoke engineer, construct We are SRG Global and we’re up for and sustain solutions, meaning you only ever the challenge. need one partner. We’re also self-performers because our team incorporates every discipline and skill required to meet the challenges our customers set. -
Helical's Machining Guidebook
Helical MACHINING GUIDEBOOK Quick Reference eBook for CNC Milling Practices & Techniques 1 | Machining Guidebook | © 2016 Helical Solutions, LLC Helical Contents Milling Techniques & Strategies Terminology & Common Calculations 01 | Milling Techniques . 3 04 | End Mill Construction . 37 Types of Tool Entry . 4 Geometry Definitions . 38 Ramping . 6 End Mill Construction . 40 Thin Wall Milling . 8 End Mill Anatomy . 42 Deep Pocket Milling . 10 05 | Common Calculations . 51 Finishing . 11 Decimal Conversion Chart . 52 Ball Nose Strategy . 13 Common Milling Calculations . 53 Corner Engagement . 17 Speeds & Feeds . 54 Angle Engagement . 19 Conventional vs Climb Milling . 20 06 | Tool Holding . 55 Chip Thinning . 22 Tool Holding . 56 Preventing Tool Pull Out . 58 02 | High Efficiency Milling . 23 High Efficiency Milling . 24 HEM Tooling . 25 Troubleshooting 03 | Depth of Cut . 26 07 | Troubleshooting . 60 Depth of Cut . 27 Troubleshooting Chart . 61 Depth of Cut - Peripheral . 28 Tool Wear . 65 Depth of Cut - Slotting . 34 Tool Deflection . 69 Copyright © 2016 by Helical Solutions, LLC . All rights reserved . This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of Helical Solutions . 2 | Machining Guidebook | © 2016 Helical Solutions, LLC Helical 01 Milling Techniques Types of Tool Entry . 4 Ball Nose Strategy . 13 Ramping . 6 Corner Engagement . 17 Thin Wall Milling . 8 Angle Engagement . 19 Deep Pocket Milling . 10 Conventional vs Climb Milling . 20 Finishing . 11 Chip Thinning . 22 3 | Machining Guidebook | © 2016 Helical Solutions, LLC Helical Types of Tool Entry The type of part entry that is programmed has a lot of influence on the tool’s success and is one of the most punishing Theoperations type of part for entry a cutter programmed . -
Rule 1144 Metalworking Fluids and Direct-Contact Lubricants
(Adopted March 6, 2009)(Amended July 9, 2010) RULE 1144 METALWORKING FLUIDS AND DIRECT-CONTACT LUBRICANTS (a) Purpose The purpose of Rule 1144 is to reduce volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the use of metalworking fluids and direct-contact lubricants at industrial facilities. (b) Applicability The rule applies to all persons who use metalworking fluids and direct-contact lubricants on products and parts during manufacture and assembly; and all manufacturers and suppliers who supply, sell, or offer for sale metalworking fluids and direct-contact lubricants for use at industrial facilities. This rule shall apply to all VOC containing fluids used for metalworking including metal removal, metal forming, metal treating or lubricating operations where the metalworking fluid or direct-contact lubricant comes into direct contact with products and parts including, but not limited to, blanking, broaching, coining, cutting, drilling, drawing, forming, forging, grinding, heading, honing, lapping, marquenching, milling, piercing, quenching, roll forming, rolling, stamping, tapping, threading, turning and wire drawing. The rule also applies to VOC containing fluids used for metal protection, including rust and corrosion prevention and inhibition, during the manufacture and assembly of products and parts. The provisions of this rule shall not apply to repair, maintenance or research operations. (c) Definitions For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions shall apply: (1) ASSEMBLED AIRCRAFT is a n y m achine that is a complete vehicle, assembly of parts at an aircraft assembly facility or major partial section including wheel wells, fuselage sections, pressure decks, wings, blades or cockpit, designed to travel through the air, without leaving the earth’s atmosphere, including airplanes, balloons, dirigibles, helicopters and missiles. -
Characteristics of Metalworking Fluids – Product Residue
TRIM® TECHNICAL BULLETIN Fluid Solutions for Metalworking Characteristics of Metalworking Fluids – Product Residue For the sake of this discussion, residue is the material left behind on the machine and work pieces after the water evaporates from the working solution. For a metal- working fluid to perform one of its key functions, provide in-process corrosion prevention, it is critical that the fluid leave a corrosion re- sistant (residue) coating. Therefore the question is not “does the fluid leave a residue” but rather “is the residue objectionable?” So once again we are forced to make a val- ue judgment based on the specifics of our manufacturing situation with the understanding that the type of residue that the fluid leaves will affect carryoff and therefore fluid usage, machine function, filtration, machine and part cleanli- A simple but effective method for checking possible residue effects is to pour ness, and grinding wheel loading 5 ml. of coolant concentrate into a petri dish and leave it exposed to the air at among other processes. room conditions for a month or more. One of the less obvious but truly will be the effects of any oxidation. function but can “collect” chips significant issues associated with Properly formulated fluids will re- and swarf machine residues is their tendency sist oxidation virtually indefinitely. 3. Hard – this type of residue can to capture and hold chips and The test can be repeated using vari- swarf on the functional surfaces of cause issues in machine function ous types of tramp oil contamina- as it can keep limit switches, etc.