DOCSLIB.ORG

Designing Sustainable Alpine Skis Combining User Needs with Ecological, Social, and Economical Sustainablility

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Designing Sustainable Alpine Skis Combining User Needs with Ecological, Social, and Economical Sustainablility Designing Sustainable Alpine Skis Combining user needs with ecological, social, and economical sustainablility Tom-Oskar Barreflod Matilda Nilsson Industrial Design Engineering, master's level 2020 Luleå University of Technology Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences Designing sustainable alpine skis Combining user needs with ecological, social, and economical sustainablility Tom-Oskar Barreflod Matilda Nilsson 2020 SUPERVISORS: Patrik Sannes (Norse Skis) & Eva-Leva Bäckström (LTU) REVIEWER: Erika Möller & Ylva Jersenius CIVILINGENJÖR I TEKNISK DESIGN EXAMINER: Åsa Wikberg Nilsson Master of Science Thesis in Industrial Design Engineering Designing sustainable alpine skis Combining user needs with ecological, social and economical sustainability © Tom-Oskar Barreflod & Matilda Nilsson Published and distributed by Luleå University of Technology SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden Telephone: + 46 (0) 920 49 00 00 Cover: Render by Tom-Oskar Barreflod Printed in Luleå Sweden by Luleå University of Technology Reproservice Luleå, 2016 Acknowledgment First of all, we would like to thank Norse Skis for giving us the opportunity to conduct this master thesis project together with them. Thank you for your time, welcoming atmosphere, and providing us with a place to work. We would also like to give a huge thank you to our supervisor Patrik Sannes at Norse Skis, for all the knowledge, endless answering of questions, and great discussion. Thank you for the great skiing in Sälen, we hope that we get to ski with you again soon! We would also like to thank Eva-Lena Bäckström, our supervisor at Luleå University of Technology. Thank you for your great inputs that have helped us think outside the box and challenged us through the design process. Thanks to all of you that have taken part in our surveys and provided us with invaluable user data to build our design from. This ski is made for you! Lastly, we want to thank our family and friends who have believed in us and supported us through the whole project. You have stood by our side through the highs and the lows. Again, thank you to all of you that have been a part of this project! It has been a pleasure. We have learned so much from you and we hope that our paths will cross again anytime soon. Tom-Oskar Barreflod Matilda Nilsson Gothenburg, Sweden, June 2020 Abstract Sammanfattning As alpine skiing is becoming more and more popular three concepts were created which eventually resulted Samtidigt som skidåkning blir mer och mer populärt Projektresultatet är ett par 90 mm breda skidor med the need for sustainable products are increasing in in one final design. för var dag som går så ökar behovet av hållbara fokus på hållbarhet som är högpresterande och lekfulla order to enable great skiing and snowy winters in the The project result is a pair of 90 mm wide skis produkter som möjliggör framtida snöiga vintrar och i pisten som även ger en härlig åkning utanför. Ur den future. The ski industry is unfortunately far behind with focus on sustainability that are high performing bra skidåkning. Tyvärr ligger dagens skidtillverkare sociala aspekten är de gjorda för skidåkare istället för many other industries when it comes to sustainability and playful in the piste while providing a nice off- långt bakom många andra branscher när det kommer enbart män, kvinnor eller någon specifik åldersgrupp. and the shift towards sustainable skis is going slow. piste ride as well. From the social aspect, they are till hållbarhet och skiftet mot hållbara skidor går Genom användning av material som är miljövänligare Norse Skis is a unique ski manufacturer as they have created with the skier in mind instead of either men, trögt. Norse Skis är en unik skidtillverkare då de har än de som Norse Skis tidigare använt och antingen a sustainable profile and are always in the lookout for women, or some specific age group. By using materials en hållbar profil och ständigt letar efter möjligheter har samma eller lägre pris så är skidor både hållbarare new possibilities to take that forward. The goal in this that are more environmentally friendly than what att komma ännu längre fram i utvecklingen. Målet i ur både ett ekologisk och ett ekonomiskt perspektiv. master thesis project is to develop a pair of sustainable is used in Norse Skis’ skis today and that either have detta examensarbete är att utveckla ett par hållbara Designen har bekräftats av användarna vilket ledde skis that will widen Norse Skis’ product catalog. The the same or lower price, the skis are more sustainable skidor som kan bredda Norse Skis produktkatalog. till att rekommendationen att bredda Norses Skis project was conducted in collaboration with Norse from both an ecologic and economic perspective. The Projektet utfördes i samarbete med Norse Skis som produktkatalog med skidorna som var resultatet av Skis as a master thesis project within the degree of design has been approved by the users which led to the ett examensarbete på Civilingenjör Teknisk Design detta examensarbete. Industrial Design Engineering at Luleå University of recommendation of broadening Norse Skis’ current med inriktning produktdesign vid Luleå Tekniska Technology. product catalog with the ski that was the result of this Universitet. NYCKELORD: Produktutveckling, Produktdesign, During the development of the skis, the user- master thesis project. Under utvecklingen av skidorna användes den Civilingenjör Teknisk Design, Hållbarhet, Hållbar centered design process Design Thinking Process användarcentrerade designprocessen Design Thinking Produktutveckling, Användarcentrerad design, Alpina was used. The process was divided into three phases; KEYWORDS: Product Development, Product Process som är uppdelad i tre faser; Inspiration, Ideation, skidor, Normkreativ design. Inspiration, Ideation, and Implementation. During the Design, Industrial Design Engineering, Sustainability, och Implementation. Under designprocessen låg fokus design process, most of the energy was put on creating Sustainable Product Development, User-centered på att skapa en skida som uppfyller användarbehoven a ski that meets the user needs and is as sustainable Design, Alpine Skis, Norm-Creative design och samtidigt är så hållbar som möjligt. Genom att as possible. Through constant dialog with the users, hela tiden återkoppla med användarna för utvärdering feedback and evaluation were gained to customize och feedback kunde produkten anpassas efter deras the product to the needs and opinions of the users. behov och tycke. För att utveckla en så hållbara To develop skis that are as sustainable as possible, skida som möjligt har projektet utgått från de tre the project has had its base in the three aspects of perspektiven av hållbarhet; ekologisk, ekonomisk, och sustainability; ecological, economic, and social, social som identifieras i Brundtlandsrapporten (World which are defined in the Brundtland report (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987). Commission on Environment and Development, 1987). I projektets startskede införskaffades en djup At the beginning of the project, a deep förståelse alpina skidor och alpin skidåkning. Detta understanding of alpine skis and alpine skiing was följdes av djupdykning i användaren genom enkäter gathered. This was followed by a thorough examination och användarobservationer. Det identifierades att of the users through surveys and user observations. användaren spenderar mest tid i pisten, men har It was identified that the users spent most of their en vision om att vara en off-pist åkare. Detta ledde time skiing on the piste, but had a vision of being an fram till slutsatsen att designa en skida som är off-piste skier. This led to the conclusion of designing högpresterande i pisten med också ger användaren a ski that is high performing on-piste but also gives möjlighet till bra off-pist åkning. I en benchmarking the user the possibility to great off-piste skiing. In a jämfördes sedan Norse Skis nuvarande skidor med benchmarking, Norse Skis’ current skis were compared konkurrenternas för att identifiera Norse Skis styrkor to their competitors’ to identify Norse Skis’ strengths och vad som kunde göras bättre. När en förståelse över and what could be improved. When an understanding produkten och användarna skapats gick projektet in i of the product and the users was gained, the project idégeneringsfasen. Där skapade olika lösningsförslag proceeded into the ideation phase. In the ideation phase på längder, former, namn, färg, grafik, och material. solutions on lengths, shapes, names, colors, graphics, Genom användarundersökningar kunde tre slutkoncept and materials were created. Through user surveys, tas fram som slutligen resulterade i ett slutgiligt resultat. Contents List of appendices Appendix A: External benchmarking - skis 1 Introduction . 1 4 .4 .2 Brainstorming . 37 Appendix B: External benchmarking - companies 1 1. Background . 2 4 .4 .3 Creative Workshop . .39 Appendix C: Survey results 1 .2 Stakeholders . 2 4 .4 .4 Mock-up . 39 Mood board - gender design - good examples 1 .2 1. Internal stakeholders . 2 4 .4 .5 vALUe . 40 Appendix D: 1 .2 .2 External stakeholders . 2 4 .4 .6 Dot voting . 41 Appendix E: Mood board - gender design - bad examples 1 .3 Aims and purpose . 2 4 .5 Implementation . 41 Appendix F: Calculations of lengths 1 .4 Project scope . 3 4 .5 1. Digital prototyping . 41 Appendix G: Lengths of skis 1 .5 Thesis outline . 3 4 .6 Method discussion . 42 Appendix H: Names 2 Context . 5 5 Results . .45 Appendix I: Colors 2 1. Skis . 6 5 Results . .45 Appendix J: Graphics 2 1. 1. Ski terminology . 6 5 1. Inspiration . 46 Appendix K: Final Evaluation 2 1. .2 Slopes . 6 5 1. 1. User survey . .46 2 1. .3 Skiing terminology . 7 5 1. .2 Persona . .47 2 1. .4 Ski profiles . 7 5 1. .3 Mood boards . .47 List of figures 2 1. .5 Types of skis . 9 5 .2 Ideation . .50 2 1. .6 Ski construction . 9 5 .2 1. Lengths . .50 Figure 1: Picture of Norse Skis's The Enduro . Photograph by: Matilda Nilsson 2 1. .7 Ski characteristics based on the shape .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wide Skis As a Potential Knee Injury Risk Factor in Alpine Skiing
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 18 February 2020 doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00007 Wide Skis As a Potential Knee Injury Risk Factor in Alpine Skiing Martin Zorko 1, Bojan Nemec 2, Zlatko Matjaciˇ c´ 3, Andrej Olenšek 3, Katja Tomazin 4 and Matej Supej 4* 1 Clinical Institute of Occupational, Traffic and Sports Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2 Department for Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Štefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 3 Research and Development Unit, University Rehabilitation Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 4 Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Alpine skis with wider waist widths have recently become more popular. With such skis, the contact point of the ground reaction force during ski turns is displaced more medially from beneath the sole of the outer ski, which may present an increased risk of injury. The aim of this study was to investigate knee joint kinetics, kinematics, and lower limb muscle activation as a function of changes of the ski waist width in a laboratory setting. A custom skiing simulator was constructed to enable simulation of different ski waist widths in a quasi-static ski turn position. An optical system was used for capturing knee joint kinematics of the outer leg, whereas a force plate was used to determine the ground reaction force vector. The combination of both systems enabled values for Edited by: external torques acting on the knee joint to be calculated, whereas electromyographic Josef Kroell, measurements enabled an analysis of knee flexor muscle activation. With respect to the University of Salzburg, Austria outer ski, the knee joint external torques were independent of ski waist width, whereas Reviewed by: Peter A.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Ski Geometry on Aggressive Ski Behaviour and Visual Aesthetics: Equipment Designed to Reduce Risk of Severe Traumatic
    BJSM Online First, published on November 24, 2015 as 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095433 Original article Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095433 on 24 November 2015. Downloaded from Effect of ski geometry on aggressive ski behaviour and visual aesthetics: equipment designed to reduce risk of severe traumatic knee injuries in alpine giant slalom ski racing Josef Kröll,1 Jörg Spörri,1 Matthias Gilgien,2 Hermann Schwameder,1 Erich Müller1 1Department of Sport Science ABSTRACT Within the classification of severe injuries, the and Kinesiology, University of Background/Aim Aggressive ski-snow interaction is most frequently injured body part was the knee Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria 3 2 characterised by direct force transmission and difficulty of (62,3%), with a particular focus on the rupture of Department of Physical 13 Performance, Norwegian getting the ski off its edge once the ski is carving. This the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The major- School of Sport Sciences, behaviour has been suggested to be a main contributor ity of knee injuries occur while the skier is still Oslo, Norway to severe knee injuries in giant slalom (GS). The aim of skiing the course (83%).9 The main mechanism for the current study was to provide a foundation for new ACL injury in World Cup alpine skiing was found Correspondence to fi Dr Josef Kröll, Department of equipment speci cations in GS by considering two to be the slip-catch mechanism where the inside Sport Science and Kinesiology, perspectives: Reducing the ski’s aggressiveness for injury edge of the outer ski abruptly catches the snow University of Salzburg, prevention and maintaining the external attractiveness of surface, forcing the outer knee into internal rota- Hallein-Rif 5400, Austria; a ski racer’s technique for spectators.
    [Show full text]
  • 970.Ski.Vail (754.8245)
    2018–2019 VAIL MOUNTAIN RESOURCE GUIDE 970.SKI.VAIL (754.8245) | vail.com 970.SKI.VAIL (754.8245) | vail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS We’ve committed to a STATS & FACTS ZERO NET FOOTPRINT by 2030 ABOUT VAIL MOUNTAIN ..................................2 SKI & SNOWBOARD SCHOOL .........................16 • Zero net emissions • Zero waste to landfill DATES AND HOURS: History ..........................................................2 Private Instruction ........................................18 • Zero net operating impact 2018–2019 Season: Fri., Nov. 16, 2018– Stats & Facts .................................................3 Adult Group Lessons ....................................18 to forests and habitat Learn more about our EpicPromise to our communities, Sun., Apr. 21, 2019 Signature Programs ......................................19 our mountains, and our future at EpicPromise.com. MOUNTAIN INFORMATION CENTER (MIC) ...5 Children & Teen Lessons ..............................20 Hours of Operations: (MST) 9:00am to 3:30pm Important Phone Numbers ..........................5 Children & Teen Rentals ...............................22 (hours extended over the course of the season) Guest Services ..............................................5 Vail Small World Play School ........................22 ON-MOUNTAIN CULINARY EXPERIENCES ....6 Adaptive Products ........................................23 ELEVATIONS The 10th .........................................................8 Nordic Products ...........................................23 Peak Elevation:
    [Show full text]
  • Stability Control and Turning Algorithm of an Alpine Skiing Robot
    sensors Article Stability Control and Turning Algorithm of an Alpine Skiing Robot Si-Hyun Kim 1, Bumjoo Lee 2 and Young-Dae Hong 1,* 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 July 2019; Accepted: 20 August 2019; Published: 23 August 2019 Abstract: This paper proposes a general stability control method that uses the concept of zero-moment- point (ZMP) and a turning algorithm with a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor for a bipedal alpine skiing robot. There is no elaborate simulator for skiing robots since the snow has complicated characteristics, such as compression and melting. However, real experiments are laborious because of the many varied skiing conditions. The proposed skiing simulator could be used, so that a humanoid robot can track its desired turning radius by modeled forces that are similar to real ones in the snow. Subsequently, the robot will be able to pass through gates with LiDAR sensors. By using ZMP control, the robot can avoid falling down while tracking its desired path. The performance of the proposed stabilization method and autonomous turning algorithm are verified by a dynamics simulation software, Webots, and the simulation results are obtained while using the small humanoid robot platform DARwIn-OP. Keywords: navigation based on LiDAR sensor; skiing robot; stability control; turn radius 1. Introduction Research into humanoid robots is one of the most exciting topics in the field of robotics. As proof, robot competitions, such as the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC), are becoming increasingly popular.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacksonhole Skier 2009
    JacksonHole skier 2009 WINTER VISITOR’S GUIDE FREE . Inviting you to our 35th Anniversary Shearling Sale 20 W. Broadway Downtown Jackson Across from the Wort Hotel Est. 1973 www.jollyjumbuckleathers.com 307.733.6562 Experience the Old West in a New Way. Mesquite grilled Steaks, Game, and other New West selections, all served in our authentic lodge. Enjoy our extensive collection of scotch, bourbon and draft beer & extensive wine selection. 862 W. BROADWAY • 733-3287 STEAK & GAME HOUSE 2 JACKSON HOLE SKIER 2009 CUSTOM JEWELRY BY JETER CASE In the log cabin next to Teton Theatre just off the town square 132 N. Cache Jackson Hole, Wyoming 307-733-5933 www.jcjewelers.com 800-358-5715 www. focusproductions. com 2009 JACKSON HOLE SKIER 3 H SKI • BIKE • BOARD • HIKE “The Locals’ Shop” SKIS, BOOTS, 520 W. BROADWAY & BINDINGS: OPEN DAILY Volkl • Rossignol 733-5335 r e • g Dalbello Tecnica e L On Broadway f f e J • • : Marker Salomon Full Tilt across from r e i k Bubba’s S s n o i SNOWBOARDS: t c u d o r Burton • Arbor • Prior P s u c o F Nitro • Salomon• Vans / y o K c M e CLOTHING: d a W : o • • t Obermeyer Orage Bonfire o h P Sherpa • Burton • Oakley www.hobacksports.com DEMOS A RENTALS RENTALSA REPAIR A SKIS A SNOWBOARDSA OUTWEAR 4 JACKSON HOLE SKIER 2009 32 years of inspiration at 6,000 feet Jewelry Originals Downtown Jackson 125 N.Cache, Gaslight Alley 307.733.2259 www.DanShelley.com [email protected] ALL DESIGNS COPYRIGHTED jackson hole skier 2008/2009 the resorts 24 Jackson Hole 34 The Tram Builders 38 Vertical-Foot Ski Records 40 Open-Boundary Protocol 41 Terrain Park & Superpipe 42 Snow King 46 Grand Targhee 52 White Pine the backcountry 12 Teton Skiing 54 Mountain Guides 64 Teton Pass Ambassador 66 Avalanche Education 68 Helicopter & Snowcat Skiing Skiers: Cover—Jason Tattersall Contents—Lynsey Dyer staff other stuff Publishers: Bob Woodall and Wade McKoy 8 Wildlife and National Parks d.b.a.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019-20 Winter Ski Collection
    EN 2019-20 WINTER SKI COLLECTION CONTENTS PISTE / HIGH PERFORMANCE BACK COUNTRY / TOURING 04 38 RACE / HIGH PERFORMANCE JUNIOR RACE / FIS 10 44 ALL MOUNTAIN / FREERIDE ACCESSORIES 20 48 FREERIDE 24 WOMEN 2 WOMEN 28 31 HIGH PERFORMANCE 32 SPORT PERFORMANCE 34 ALL MOUNTAIN / FREERIDE 36 FREERIDE BLIZZARD SKI 2019-20 PIS T E / HIGH PERFORMANCE In the never ending quest to improve the carving experience, the new 2019-20 Blizzard Quattro ski series aims to satisfy the most demanding high performance skiers. 6 BLIZZARD SKI 2019-20 // PISTE / HIGH PERFORMANCE TECHNOLOGIES PLAYFULNESS STABILITY RACING PERFORMANCE MADE FUN AND EASY. THE DEFINITION OF STABILITY IS COMFORT AND CONFIDENCE IN ANY CONDITION. Racing construction provides all the performance BLIZZARD QUATTRO DELIVERS. you need, and the right blend of shape and camber delivers the on-piste fun. The different constructions are specifically designed to maximize stability at each level of performance. "Push the limit and you will improve your performance Combined with varying shapes and rocker profiles, each while always having fun." model is optimized to provide the highest level of stability. (Giulio Bosca) Regardless of your ability level, you will achieve a high level of comfort and confidence. "With Blizzard Quattro it's never been so easy to trust your edges and have the confidence you have always desired." (Daniela Ceccarelli) CONTROL PERFORMANCE HAVE YOU EVER BEEN ABLE TO DO ON-PISTE SKI WITH WORLD CUP EXACTLY WHAT YOU WANT TO DO, PERFORMANCE? WHEN YOU WANT? BLIZZARD QUATTRO DELIVERS. BLIZZARD QUATTRO DELIVERS. Blizzard Quattro represents the best mix between fun Racing construction provides all the performance and performance, specifically designed to carve the you need, but the right blend of shape and camber perfect turn on groomed snow.
    [Show full text]
  • Amateur Decision-Making in Avalanche Terrain with and Without a Decision Aid: a Stated Choice Survey
    Nat Hazards DOI 10.1007/s11069-009-9365-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Amateur decision-making in avalanche terrain with and without a decision aid: a stated choice survey Pascal Haegeli Æ Wolfgang Haider Æ Margo Longland Æ Ben Beardmore Received: 6 July 2008 / Accepted: 10 February 2009 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Avalanches pose a serious threat to recreational backcountry travelers in mountainous terrain. This study explores how the three main amateur user groups of avalanche terrain in western Canada (backcountry skiers, out-of-bound skiers, and snow- mobile riders) balance recreational goals with safety concerns when choosing backcountry destinations under varying avalanche conditions. Using a discrete choice experiment (DCE), a stated preference technique, the study first examines the strengths and weak- nesses in the decision process of the three amateur groups by comparing their responses with the choice patterns of professional mountain guides. The results show that the decision-making strategies employed by the respective amateur groups vary considerably in their level of complexity and the degree to which avalanche safety considerations are incorporated. Second, we examine the effects of a decision aid that preprocesses the most crucial pieces of avalanche hazard information on the decision preferences of the amateur groups in the DCE. The results show that a relatively simple decision aid can influence the decision-making process considerably and steer users towards more avalanche hazard sensitive behaviour. Keywords Decision-making Á Avalanche safety Á Decision aid Á Discrete choice experiment Á Choice complexity Á Backcountry skiing Á Out-of-bounds skiing Á Snowmobile riding 1 Introduction Traditionally, natural hazards have primarily been viewed as phenomena of the geological and biological domains.
    [Show full text]
  • 5Th September 2021 WOMEN's BACKCOUNTRY SKI SKILLS
    NZAC INSTRUCTION PROGRAMME WOMEN’S BACKCOUNTRY SKI SKILLS rd th 3 – 5 September 2021 Photo: Petrouchka Steiner – Grierson NZAC – Women’s Backcountry Ski Skills Course LOCATION: MT CHEESEMAN SKI FIELD / CRAIGIEBURN RANGE ACCOMODATION: MT CHEESEMAN – SNOWLINE LODGE COURSE FEES: $1090 (INC GUIDING, ACCOMODATION, LIFT PASS AND CATERING) Who is this course for? The NZAC Women’s Backcountry Ski Skills Course (WBSSC) is a three-day course designed for strong intermediate (or better) female skiers or split boarders with excellent aerobic fitness, who are looking for a good grounding in back country touring. The goal being to learn the skills to go and experience the winter backcountry by themselves! This course is a great opportunity to meet other women who have a passion for the mountains. Throughout the week the focus will be on learning new skills whilst exploring a variety of terrain. This is not a ‘learn to ski’ course although the guides will coach you on some ski techniques. Please be aware the Cheeseman and Canterbury terrain is much Photo: Anna Keeling more challenging than the Pisa Range so ensure you meet the minimum requirements. Telemarkers and split boarders are also welcome but must be of a high skill/experience level. Boarders must also have ski crampons as part of their touring setup just like the skiers. When you submit your registration, provide as much detail of your experience as possible, and we will run it past the instructor before confirming your spot. CLICK HERE TO REGISTER ONLINE NZAC – Women’s Backcountry Ski Skills Course At a minimum, those wishing to register for the WBSSC must be capable of: • Confidently skiing ALL the ‘black diamond’ runs on your local ski field in ALL conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Three-Dimensional Body and Centre of Mass Kinematics in Alpine Ski Racing Using Differential GNSS and Inertial Sensors
    remote sensing Article Three-Dimensional Body and Centre of Mass Kinematics in Alpine Ski Racing Using Differential GNSS and Inertial Sensors Benedikt Fasel 1, Jörg Spörri 2, Matthias Gilgien 3, Geo Boffi 1,4, Julien Chardonnens 1, Erich Müller 2 and Kamiar Aminian 1,* 1 Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; benedikt.fasel@epfl.ch (B.F.); geo.boffi@geod.baug.ethz.ch (G.B.); [email protected] (J.C.) 2 Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, 5400 Hallein-Rif, Austria; [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (E.M.) 3 Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0806 Oslo, Norway; [email protected] 4 Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland * Correspondence: kamiar.aminian@epfl.ch; Tel.: +41-21-693-26-17 Academic Editors: Richard Müller and Prasad S. Thenkabail Received: 30 June 2016; Accepted: 16 August 2016; Published: 22 August 2016 Abstract: A key point in human movement analysis is measuring the trajectory of a person’s center of mass (CoM). For outdoor applications, differential Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) can be used for tracking persons since they allow measuring the trajectory and speed of the GNSS antenna with centimeter accuracy. However, the antenna cannot be placed exactly at the person’s CoM, but rather on the head or upper back. Thus, a model is needed to relate the measured antenna trajectory to the CoM trajectory. In this paper we propose to estimate the person’s posture based on measurements obtained from inertial sensors.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing for Professional Skiers Designing Equipment for Professional Alpine Skiers and Freestyle Skiers
    Designing for Professional Skiers Designing Equipment for Professional Alpine Skiers and Freestyle skiers. Yvonne Maria Rørvik Department of Product Design Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) ABSTRACT Products that are designed for professional athletes are products of high quality and endurance, since the athletes often rely on their equipment to be the best. To create these kind of products, designers must work with the best materials and test their products for improvement often to be able to get the best possible solution possible. In addition to this, there are rules and regulations that must be taken into consideration to make sure that the product is safe to use, and that it does not violate any laws or constrictions given by unions such as FIS (Fédération Internationale de Ski). This paper looks at the challenges and factors to take into consideration when designing for professional athletes, alpine skiers in particular. Since alpine ski racing is a sport with high risk of knee injuries, the focus for this article will be to look at safety and injury prevention. It will also be to look at the effectiveness of sponsorship, and will give guidelines to what a designer should take into consideration when designing for professional alpine skiers. KEYWORDS: Athlete safety, Sponsorship, Users’ need, Alpine skiing 1. INTRODUCTION From the designer’s point of view, there is The author of this article has been skiing since often an attempt to combine aesthetics, the age of five, and skiing and snowboarding is function, and technology when designing sport still one of her favorite hobbies.
    [Show full text]
  • Pomoca.Com W19/20
    W19/20 - EN pomoca.com FORMULA POMOCA SWISS MADE For over 85 years, the best athletes in the world, top guides and mountain rescu- ers have trusted POMOCA skins. POMOCA skins have gained global recognition over the past decade, thanks to in- novations such as Safer Skin (100% waterproof), GLIDE (anti glopping and gliding SWISS MADE treatment) and Race (the fastest skins ever made). POMOCA textile engineers continue to apply and advance this knowledge, resulting in further technological ad- vances and an ever better product. In the following pages, you will discover the technological secrets that allow for fas- ter gliding and better grip. Partners: Equipe italienne de ski alpinisme Research Partners: CSR Partners: Finnish Association for Nature Conservation 02 03 FORMULA POMOCA Photo: Pau Costa Pairó Formula POMOCA On a ski tour, climbing on skins takes up to 80% of the time. The skins are the skier’s “tires”, a safety and performance feature. The wrong choice of skins can ruin your day. The largest ski touring manufacturers understand this, and they have confidence in POMOCA. They are reassured by the excellent, consistent quality of POMOCA climbing skins, the continued development of new technologies such as TIPON, SAFER SKIN LIGHT, EVER DRY 3.0, GLIDE PRO and impeccable service. POMOCA Formula represents the continual quest for excellence, POMOCA’ s main goal. POMOCA’ s hallmark is a well structured collection, continual innovation, and flexible, professional service. Our OEM partners: 04 05 Handicapped Workshops POMOCA cooperates with 3 handicapped workshops in Switzerland, France and Spain for assembling processes giving work to an equivalent of 3 full-time jobs.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Kinematic and Kinetic Advances in Olympic Alpine Skiing: Pyeongchang and Beyond
    fphys-10-00111 February 18, 2019 Time: 15:54 # 1 PERSPECTIVE published: 20 February 2019 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00111 Recent Kinematic and Kinetic Advances in Olympic Alpine Skiing: Pyeongchang and Beyond Matej Supej1* and H.-C. Holmberg2,3 1 Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2 The Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden, 3 School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Alpine skiing has been an Olympic event since the first Winter Games in 1936. Nowadays, skiers compete in four main events: slalom, giant slalom, super-G and downhill. Here, we present an update on the biomechanics of alpine ski racers and their equipment. The technical and tactical ability of today’s world-class skiers have adapted substantially to changes in equipment, snow conditions and courses. The wide variety of terrain, slopes, gate setups and snow conditions involved in alpine skiing requires skiers to continuously adapt, alternating between the carving and skidding turning techniques. The technical complexity places a premium on minimizing energy dissipation, employing Edited by: strategies and ski equipment that minimize ski-snow friction and aerodynamic drag. Nicolas Coulmy, Access to multiple split times along the racing course, in combination with analysis of the Fédération Française de Ski, France trajectory and speed provide information that can be utilized to enhance performance. Reviewed by: Laurent Mourot, Peak ground reaction forces, which can be as high as five times body weight, serve as a Université Bourgogne measure of the external load on the skier and equipment. Although the biomechanics of Franche-Comté, France alpine skiing have significantly improved, several questions concerning optimization of Robert Cortas Reid, Norwegian Ski Federation, Norway skiers’ performance remain to be investigated.
    [Show full text]