Motherboard components details pdf

Continue The main printed circuit board (PCB) for computing devices for other purposes, see (disambiguation). A motherboard for a desktop showing the typical components and interfaces that are on the motherboard. This model corresponds to the microATX , the overall motherboard layout used in many desktops. The motherboard (also called the main board, main printing board, system board, skirting board, plank, logic board and mobo) is the main printing board (PCB) in general computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows you to communicate between many of the most important electronic components of the system, such as the CPU (processor) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplan, the motherboard typically contains significant subsystems such as a central processor, I/O and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated for general use. Motherboard means, in particular, a PCB with expansion capabilities. As the name suggests, this board is often referred to as the mother of all the components attached to it, which often include peripherals, interface maps, and daughters: sound cards, graphics cards, network maps, hard drives, and other forms of permanent storage; TV tuner cards, cards providing additional USB or FireWire slots; and a host of other custom components. Precision T3600 System Motherboard, used in professional CAD . Manufactured in 2012 in a similar way, the term mainboard describes a single- board device and without additional extensions or features such as control boards in laser printers, televisions, washing machines, mobile phones and other built-in systems with disabilities. The term Logic Board is a specific brand invented by Apple in the early 1980s for in computers. History before the invention of the microprocessor, the digital computer consisted of several circuit boards in the case of the card cell with components connected by the rear plane, a set of interconnected sockets. In very old designs, copper wires were discrete links between card connector pins, but printed circuit boards soon became standard practice. The CPU ( processor), memory and peripherals were placed on individually printed circuit boards that were connected to the rear of the aircraft. The ubiquitous S-100 bus of the 1970s is an example of this type of backplane system. The most popular computers of the 1990s, such as the Apple II and IBM PC, published diagrams and other documentation that allowed reverse engineering and third-party replacement motherboards. Typically designed to create new models compatible, many motherboards offer extra performance or other features and have been used to update the update Original equipment. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, it became economical to shift an increasing number of peripheral functions to the motherboard. In the late 1980s, personal computer motherboards began to include single ICs (also called Super I/O chips) capable of supporting a set of low-stage peripherals: keyboard, mouse, floppy disk, serial ports, and parallel ports. By the late 1970s, many personal computer motherboards included built-in audio, video, storage and network features of the consumer class without the need for any expansion cards all; higher-end systems for 3D games and computer graphics typically retain only a graphics card as a standalone component. Business PCs, workstations, and servers are likely to need map extensions, either for more reliable features, or for higher speeds; these systems often have fewer built-in components. and laptops developed in the 1990s have integrated the most common peripherals. This even included motherboards without upgraded components, a trend that would continue as small systems were introduced after the turn of the century (such as a tablet computer and netbook). Memory, processors, network controllers, power source and storage will be integrated into some systems. The design of the Octek Jaguar V motherboard since 1993. This board has few on-board peripherals, as evidenced by the 6 slots provided for ISA cards and the lack of other built-in external interface connectors. Note the large AT keyboard connector at the right back is its only peripheral interface. Samsung Galaxy SII motherboard; Almost all of the device's functions are integrated into a very small board The Motherboard provides electrical connections by which other components of the system communicate. Unlike the rear of the aircraft, it also contains a and accommodates other subsystems and devices. A typical has its own microprocessor, basic memory and other important components connected to the motherboard. Other components, such as external storage, video and sound controllers, and peripherals, can be attached to the motherboard as plug-in cards or through cables; in modern microcomputers, some of these peripherals are increasingly being integrated into the motherboard. An important component of the motherboard is the microprocessor support chipnet, which provides auxiliary interfaces between the processor and various buses and external components. This chipset identifies, to a certain extent, the features and capabilities of the motherboard. Modern motherboards include sockets (or slots) in which one or more microprocessors can be installed. In the case of processors in ball mesh array packages such as the VIA C3, the processor will directly snr on the motherboard, which should be the basic memory of the system system Usually in the form of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips, can be DDR3, DDR4 or DDR5 chipset, which forms the interface between the front of the CPU bus, the main memory, and peripheral buses Unstable memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards), containing a firmware system or bios watch generator, which produces a system signal clock to synchronize the various components of the card , supported by the chipset) Power connectors that receive electricity from the power of the computer and distribute it to the processor, chipset, basic memory, and extension cards. As of 2007, some graphics cards (such as the GeForce 8 and Radeon R600) require more energy than the motherboard can provide, and thus dedicated connectors have been introduced to attach them directly to power connectors for hard drives, usually SATA and NVMe. In addition, almost all motherboards include logic and connectors to support widely used input devices such as USB for mouse devices and keyboards. Early personal computers, such as the Apple II or IBM PC, only included this minimal peripheral support on the motherboard. Sometimes the video interface equipment is also integrated into the motherboard; for example, on Apple II and rarely on IBM-compatible computers such as IBM PC Jr. Additional peripherals, such as disk controllers and serial ports, were provided as expansion maps. Given the high thermal power of high-speed computer processors and components, modern motherboards almost always include thermal sinks and mounting points for fans to dissipate excess heat. Form Factor Main Article: Comparison of computer form factors Motherboards are produced in different sizes and forms, called computer form factor, some of which are specific to individual computer manufacturers. However, the motherboards used in IBM-compatible systems are designed for different body sizes. Since 2005, most desktop computer boards have used the standard ATX form factor - even those found in Macintosh and Sun computers that weren't built from product components. The motherboard case and power supply (PSU) form factor should all be consistent, although some smaller motherboards form factor the same family will match the larger cases. For example, the ATX case typically hosts a microATX motherboard. Computers typically use highly integrated, miniature and customized motherboards. This is one of the reasons that laptops are difficult to upgrade and expensive to repair. Often, the failure of a single component of a requires replacing the entire The board, which is usually more expensive than the boardboard motherboard of the processor socket processor connector (central processor) or slot is an electrical component that attaches to the circuit board (PCB) and is designed for the home processor processor called a microprocessor). This particular type of integrated outlet circuitry is designed for very high contact counts. The CPU connector provides many functions, including a physical structure to support the processor, heat-resistant support, replacement relief (as well as cost reduction), and, most importantly, the formation of an electric interface with both the processor and the PCB. The processor connectors on the motherboard are most often found in most desktop and computers (laptops typically use surface mount processors), especially those based on the x86 architecture. The type of processor socket and chipset of the motherboard should support a series of processors and speed. Integrated peripherals Block Charts a modern motherboard that supports many on-board peripheral functions, as well as multiple expansion slots with steadily declining cost and size integrated circuits, can now include support for many peripherals on the motherboard. By combining many functions on a single PCP, the physical size and total cost of the system can be reduced; thus, high-integrated motherboards are particularly popular in small form factors and budget computers. Disc controllers for floppy disk, PATA drives and integrated SATA graphics that support 2D and 3D graphics, with VGA, DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort and TV output integrated sound card support 8-channel (7.1) audio and S/PDIF output network controller to connect to the network and to obtain a USB Internet IrDA controller for infrared data communication (e.g., with IrDA-enabled cell phone or printer) temperature, voltage, and fan-speed sensors that allow the software to monitor for health components. The peripheral slots of the typical motherboard card will have a different number of connections depending on its standard and form factor. The standard, modern ATX motherboard usually has two or three PCI-Express 16x connections for graphics cards, one or two outdated pcI slots for various expansion cards, and one or two PCI-E 1x (which is eclipsed by PCI). The standard EATX motherboard will have a two to four PCI-E 16x connection for graphics cards, and a different number of PCI and PCI-E 1x slots. Sometimes it can also have a PCI-E 4x slot (will vary between brands and models). Some motherboards have two or more PCI-E 16x slots to allow more than 2 monitors without special equipment, or use a special graph technology called SLI (for Nvidia) and Crossfire (for AMD). They allow 2 to 4 graphics cards to be linked to each other to provide better performance in intense graphic computing tasks, Like games, video editing, etc. the temperature and reliability of the motherboard of the Vaio E series (right) motherboard microATX with some faulty capacitors Home article: Computer-cooled Motherboards, usually the air is cooled with thermal sinks often installed on large chips in modern motherboards. [6] [6] or improper cooling can damage the internal components of the computer or cause it to collapse. Passive cooling, or one fan installed on a power source, was enough for many processor desktops until the late 1990s; Since then, most of them require processor fans installed on their thermal sinks, due to the increasing speed of the clock and power consumption. Most motherboards have connectors for extra computer fans and integrated temperature sensors to detect the motherboard and CPU temperature and controlled fan connectors that the BIOS or operating system can use to regulate fan speed. Alternatively, computers can use a water cooling system instead of many fans. Some small form factor computers and home-based PC cinema are designed for quiet and energy efficient work boast fan-less designs. This usually requires the use of a low-power processor, as well as the careful location of the motherboard and other components to accommodate the heat- and the heaters. A 2003 study found that some false computer crashes and general reliability problems, ranging from screen image distortions to i/O reading/writing errors, could not be attributed to software or peripheral hardware, but to aging capacitors on PC's parent boards. Ultimately, this was shown to be the result of a faulty electrolyte formula called the condenser plague. Standard motherboards use electrolytic capacitors to filter DC power distributed across the board. These capacitors age at a temperature-dependent rate as their water-based electrolytes slowly evaporate. This can lead to loss of capacity and subsequent failure of the motherboard due to stress instability. While most capacitors are estimated to be 2,000 hours of operation at 105 degrees Celsius (221 degrees Fahrenheit), their expected design life roughly doubles for every 10 degrees Celsius (18 degrees Fahrenheit) below that. At 65 degrees Celsius (149 degrees Fahrenheit), you can expect a lifespan of 3 to 4 years. However, many manufacturers supply substandard capacitors, which significantly reduces life expectancy. Insufficient cooling of the case and increased temperature around the CPU socket exacerbate this problem. With the upper blower, the components of the motherboard can be stored under 95 KK (203 F), effectively doubling the life of the motherboard. Medium and high-quality motherboards, on the other hand, use only solid capacitors. For every 10 degrees less, their average life is multiplied by about three degrees, resulting in a six-fold higher lifespan at 65 degrees Celsius (149 degrees Fahrenheit). These capacitors can be estimated at 5,000, 10,000 or 12,000 hours of operation at 105 degrees Celsius (221 degrees Fahrenheit), extending the projected lifespan compared to standard solid capacitors. Download using the basic input/output system Motherboards contain some non-volatile memory to initiate the system and download some startup software, usually the operating system, with some external peripherals. Microcomputers such as Apple II II IBM PC used ROM chips installed in the sockets on the motherboard. With power, the central processor will load the program counter with the address of the loading ROM and will begin to follow the instructions from THE ROM. These instructions initiated and tested the system hardware displayed by the system information on the screen, performed a RAM test, and then downloaded the initial program from the peripheral device. If they weren't there, the computer would perform tasks from other memory stores or display an error message, depending on the computer's model and design and the ROM version. For example, both Apple II and the original IBM COMPUTER had Microsoft's Cassette BASIC in ROM and would have started this if no program could have been downloaded from the disk. Most modern motherboard designs use BIOS, stored in an EEPROM or Flash ROM pri-nail chip or socket on the motherboard, to boot the operating system. Unspeed system download programs are still supported on modern IBM PC-deflated machines, but it is now anticipated that downloading the program will be a complex operating system such as Microsoft Windows or Linux. When the power is first delivered to the motherboard, the BIOS firmware tests and adjusts memory, circuits and peripherals. This Power-On Self Test (POST) may include testing some of the following things: Video cards inserted into slots such as conventional PCI and PCI Express Floppy Drive Temperature, Voltage, and Fan Speed for CMOS Memory Monitoring used to store BIOS keyboard configuration and mouse network controller optical drives: CD-ROM or DVD-ROM SCSI hard drive EIDE, or Serial ATA Security devices such as fingerprint scanner or state-switch latch to detect USB intrusion devices such as USB storage device on the latest motherboards, BIOS can also patch the central processor microcode if BIOS detects that the installed processor is the one for which errata have been published. Many motherboards currently use a successor bios called UEFI. It became popular after Microsoft began to require it for a system that would be certified to run Windows 8. See. also peripheral components Interconnect (PCI) PCI-X PCI Express (PCIe) Accelerated Graphic Port (AGP) M.2 Computer Corps Screws CMOS Battery List of Reference Code Main Input/Exit System (BIOS) Single extensible firmware interface (UEFI) Overclocking single-plane computer applications Paul (July 8, 2006). Apple sneaks a new logic board into the whining MacBook Pros. Engadget. Archive from the original on October 4, 2013. Received on October 2, 2013. Golden Old Men: 1993 mainboards. Archive from the original on May 13, 2007. Received on June 27, 2007. CPU outlet socket Explains: from outlet 5 to BGA (MakeUseOf explains). January 25, 2013. Archive from the original dated April 7, 2015. Received on April 12, 2015. W1zzard (April 6, 2005). Pinout PCI-Express power connector. techPowerUp. Archive from the original on October 4, 2013. Received on October 2, 2013. Carbo, Michael. Processor and motherboard. Carbos: Guide. Archive from the original on April 27, 2015. Received on June 21, 2015. Temperature. Intel® Visual BIOS Wiki. Google. Archive from the original on June 21, 2015. Received on June 21, 2015. c't Magazine, vol. 21, page 216-221. 2003 - Chiu, Yu-Tzu; Samuel K. Moore (January 31, 2003). Mistakes and failures: Leaking Muck capacitors up Motherboards. IEEE Spectrum. Archive from the original on February 19, 2003. Received on October 2, 2013. The formula of the capacitor's life. Low-esr.com archive from the original dated September 15, 2013. Received on October 2, 2013. Cary Holtzman Healthy COMPUTER: Preventive Care and Home Remedies for Your McGraw-Hill Professional Computer, 2003 ISBN 0-07-222923-3 page 174-----GIGABYTE, --Geeks Column of the Week - All Solid Capacitors. www.gigabyte.com archive from the original dated March 27, 2017. Received on May 6, 2017. Windows hardware certification requirements for client and server systems. Microsoft. January 2013. System.Fundamentals.Firmware.CS.UEFISecureBoot.ConnectedStandby ... The platforms must be UEFI Class Three (see UEFI Industry Group, UEFI Score using commercially available platforms and solutions, version 0.3, to determine) without a compatibility support module installed or installed. BioS emulation and an outdated PC/AT download should be disabled. Microsoft: Everything you need to know about Windows 8 on ARM. PC Magazine. Received on September 30, 2013. External links of Wikimedia Commons have media related to computer maternity boards. True area'tid-wh11_008 Motherboard Form Factors - Silverstone article Maternal Boards on Curlie List of Motherboard Manufacturers and links to BIOS updates What is a motherboard? Making Motherboard: ECS Factory Tour Making Motherboard: Gigabyte Factory Tour Front Panel I/O Communication Design Guide - v1.3 (pdf file) Received from 2PS/2 keyboard and PS/2 keyboard For keyboards, Usually supplied with IBM PS/2 computers, see peripherals and game conversions for the game console see PS/2 port Colored PORTS of PS/2 connection (purple for keyboard and green for mouse)Type keyboard and computer mouse data connectorProer IBMDesigned 1987; 33 years ago (1987) Superseded DIN connector, DE-9 connector and Mini-DIN-9 InPortSuperseded to USBGeneralHot specifications connected NoExternal YesCable 4 wires plus shieldPins 6Connector 5 V DCMax. 5.0±0.5 VMax. current signal data 275 mADataData Serial data at 10.0-16.7 kHz with 1 bit of start, 8 bits of data (LSB first), 1 bit parity (odd), 1 stop-bit, 1 ack bit (if host device) device 1 or 2'a'Protocol SerialPin from the female connector of frontPin 1 DATA DataPin 2 Not connected B'Pin 3 GND GroundPin 4 Vcc No 5 v DC at 275 mAPin 5 CLK ClockPin 6 Not connected - Keyboard and mouse ports can be combined into one port that can be used to connect both cable splitter. Sometimes the data keyboard is for the cable splitter. Sometimes, the keyboard clock is for the splitter cable. The PS/2 port is a 6-pin mini-DIN connector used to connect keyboards and mice to a PC-compatible computer system. Its name comes from IBM Personal System / 2 series of personal computers with which it was introduced in 1987. The PS/2 mouse connector usually replaced the old DE-9 RS-232 serial mouse connector, while the PS/2 keyboard connector replaced the larger 5-pin/180DIN connector used in the IBM PC/AT design. The PS/2 keyboard port is electrically and logically identical to the IBM AT keyboard port, which differs only by the type of used. The PS/2 platform introduced a second port with the same design as the keyboard port to connect the mouse; thus, the PS/2 keyboard and mouse interfaces are electrically similar and use the same communication protocol. However, unlike the otherwise similar connector used by Apple, the keyboard of the system and the mouse port cannot be interchangeable, as both devices use different sets of commands, and device drivers are usually tightly coded to communicate with each device at the port address that is usually assigned to that device. (That is, keyboard drivers are written for the use of the first port, and mouse drivers are written for use of the second port. But adding the ability to send data back to the keyboard from the computer; this explains the asymmetry. as he switches the watch line once every bit. Host controls control Communication with the hour-line When the host pulls it low, the connection to the attached device is inhibited. The host can interrupt the device by pulling the watch low while the device transmits; The device can detect this watch to stay low when the device releases it to go high as the device generated by the clock signal switches. When the host pulls the watch low, the device must immediately stop transmitting and release the watch and data as it floats high. (So far, it's all the same as the unidirectional communication protocol of the IBM PC keyboard port, although the serial frame formats are different.) The computer can use this state of the interface simply to prevent the device from transmitting when the computer is not ready to receive. (For the IBM PC keyboard port, this was the only normal use of the alarm from computer to keyboard. The keyboard cannot be ordered to rearrange the keyboard scanning code after it has been sent, since there was no data back channel to perform commands on the keyboard, so the only way to avoid losing scanning codes when the computer was too busy to get them was to discourage the keyboard from sending them until the computer was ready. To send the data juice back to the keyboard, the computer pulls the clock low, waits briefly, and then switches it using a sentry generated by the computer, while the output of the frame bits on the data line, one bit on the pulse clock, just as the attached device will do to transmit in the other direction. The device defers control of the computer on the Clock line and receives data according to the map. (The keyboard usually interprets this point as a command or setting range for an early command.) The computer releases a line of hours when it is done. The device will not attempt to transfer to the computer until the clock and data are high for a minimum period of time. Transferring from device to computer is favored because from a normal state of downtime, the device should not capture the channel before it can transfer-the device just starts transmitting immediately. In contrast, the computer has to capture the channel, pulling the watch line low and waiting for the device to have time to release the channel and prepare to receive; only then can the computer start transmitting data. Port availability Old laptops and most modern motherboards have one port that supports either a keyboard or a mouse. Sometimes the port also allows one of the devices to be connected to two usually unused pins in the connector so that both have to be connected immediately through a special splitter cable. This configuration IBM/ Thinkpad laptops, among many others. The PS/2 keyboard interface is electrically the same as the 5-pin DIN connector on the earlier AT AT AT and keyboards designed for one can be connected to another with a simple wiring adapter. Such wiring adapters and adaptable cables were once widely available for sale. Note that the IBM PC and PC XT keyboards use a different unidirectional protocol with the same DIN connector as the AT keyboard, so while the PC or XT keyboard can be connected to the PS/2 port using a wiring adapter designed for the AT keyboard, the earlier keyboard won't work with the PS/2 port. (At least it can't work with the usual PS/2 keyboard driver software, including the BIOS keyboard driver.) In contrast, the PS/2 mouse interface is significantly different from the RS-232 (which was commonly used for mice on a PC without PS/2 ports), but nevertheless many mice were made that could work on both with a simple passive wiring adapter where mice would detect the presence of an adapter based on its wiring and then switch protocols accordingly. PS/2 mouse and keyboard connectors were also used in computer systems not compatible with IBM PC, such as the DEC AlphaStation line, early IBM RS/6000 CHRP and SGI Indy, Indigo 2 and new (octane, etc.) computers. Macintosh computers, based on the logical design of the LPX-40 board, included MOUSE and PS/2 keyboards, including Motorola StarMax and Power Computing PowerBase. Legacy port status and USB PS/2 is now considered an outdated port, with USB ports now usually preferred to connect keyboards and mice. This goes back at least to the extent to which the Intel/Microsoft PC 2001 specs of 2000. However, PS/2 ports are still included on many computer motherboards, and favored by some users, for various reasons including the following: PS/2 ports may be favored for security reasons in the corporate environment because they allow USB ports to be completely disabled, preventing the connection of any USB removable drives and malicious USB devices. The PS/2 interface does not provide any restrictions on the rollover of keys, although USB keyboards also do not have such a restriction, unless they work in BOOT mode, which is an exception. To free UP PORTS USB for other purposes such as removable USB devices. Some USB keyboards may be unable to operate BIOS on some motherboards due to driver problems or lack of support. The PS/2 interface has almost universal compatibility with BIOS. Delayed mice USB mice send data faster than PS/2 mice because the standard MOUSE USB survey is the default rate of 125 hertz while standard PS/2 mice send interrupts the default speed of 100 Hz when they have the data to send to the computer. However, PS2 mice The keyboards are favored by many gamers because they essentially have zero latency through the port. Wasps don't need polls. The device notifies the OS when it's time to get a data package from it. In addition, USB mice do not call the USB controller to interrupt the system when do not have a status change to report according to the default USB HID specification profile for mice. Both PS/2 and USB allow you to override the sampling frequency, with PS/2 maintaining a sampling rate of up to 200 Hz, and USB maintaining a survey speed of up to 1 kHz as long as the mouse is running at full USB speed or higher. USB key retraction interface USB HID requires that it explicitly handle tipping key, with a full hid keyboard class support n-key rollover. However, the USB boot keyboard class (designed to allow BIOS to easily provide a keyboard in the absence of OS USB HID support) allows only a 6-key rollover. Some keyboard peripherals only support the last class, and some OSes may not switch to using a full HID keyboard with the device after downloading. Conversion between PS/2 and USB Many keyboards and mice have been specifically designed to support USB and PS/2 interfaces and protocols, choosing the right type of connection when connected. These devices are usually equipped with a USB connector and a ship with a passive wiring adapter to provide connectivity to the PS/2 port. These passive adapters are not standardized and can therefore be specific to the device they came from. They cannot be used to adapt other devices to PS/2 ports. While USB and PS/2-enabled combi devices are still available, most USB keyboards and mice in the 2010s no longer come with adapters or even support the PS/2 protocol. (quote is necessary) Connecting them to the PS/2 port will require a protocol converter, actively translating between protocols. These adapters only support certain classes of USB devices, such as keyboards and mice, but are not a model or specific provider. Old ps/2 peripherals can be connected to a USB port through an active converter that typically provides a pair of PS/2 ports (which can be labeled as one keyboard and one mouse, even if both ports can support both protocols) at the expense of a single USB port on the host computer. The original PS/2 connectors were black or had the same color as the connector (mostly white). Later, the PC 97 standard introduced color code: the keyboard port and forks on compatible keyboards were purple; Mouse ports and corks were green. (Some vendors originally used a different color code; Logitech used an orange color for the keyboard connector for a short period of time, but soon switched to purple.) Today, this code is still used on most computers. The pin-outs of connectors are the same, but most computers don't recognize devices that aren't connected to the wrong port. Color Purple Keyboard Green Mouse Equipment Matters This section: Equipment issues need additional quotes to check. Please help improve this article by adding quotes to reliable sources. Non-sources of materials can be challenged and removed. Find Find port - news newspaper book scientist JSTOR (March 2011) Hotplugging PS/2 ports are designed to connect the microcontroller's vij digital lines in an external device directly to the microcontroller's digital lines on the motherboard. They are not designed for hot replacement. Hot replacement of PS/2 devices usually does not cause damage, as more modern microcontrollers tend to have more reliable VI-O lines built into them, which are harder to damage than older controllers; However, a hot replacement can still potentially damage older machines or machines with less reliable port implementations. If they are hot replaced, the devices should be similar enough that the driver working on the receiving system recognizes and can be used with the new device. Otherwise, the new device will not function properly. Although this is rarely a problem with standard keyboard devices, the receiving system rarely recognizes a new device attached to the PS/2 mouse port. In practice, most keyboards can be hotly replaced, but this should be avoided. Durability Bus's PS/2-USB PS/2 adapter connectors are not designed to be plug-in and are switched off very often, which can lead to bent or broken pins. In addition, PS/2 connectors are inserted only in one direction and must be properly rotated before trying to connect. (If the user tries to insert the connector in the wrong orientation and then tries to rotate it to the correct orientation without pulling it, then curved pins can result.) Most but not all connectors include an arrow or flat section, which is usually aligned to the right or top of the socket before plugging in. The exact direction can vary on old or non-ATX computers and should be taken care to avoid damaged or curved contacts when connecting devices. This problem is slightly mitigated nowadays with the advent of the PS/2-to-USB adapter: users can simply leave the PS/2 connector connected to the PS/2-USB adapter at all times and not risk damaging the pins this way. The USB-to-PS/2 adapter does not have this problem. Malfunction insulation In standard implementation, both PS/2 ports are usually controlled by one microcontroller on the motherboard. This makes design and production extremely simple and cheap. However, a rare side effect of this design is that a faulty device can cause the controller to get tangled, causing both devices to act erratically. (A well-designed and programmed controller won't behave that way.) As a result, problems can be difficult to troubleshooting (for example, a bad mouse can cause problems that appear to be the fault of the keyboard and See also bios interrupt the call DIN connector on the IBM PC Keyboard Bus Mouse Connections on the mice DE-9 USB Links connector - There is really no technical reason that any port port port do not work with any type of device if the appropriate software has been written to support this arrangement. - b - Compare the logic charts in IBM's personal computer reference guide to the diagrams contained in IBM's guide to personal computer technology. - IBM's TECHNICAL help on personal computers, IBM Personal Computer AT Technical Reference - PS/2 Keyboard (IBM Thinkpad) Y adapter. RU: Pinouts. Received on June 14, 2011. Lehnerz, Gerhard (November 7, 2006). Common input devices. Equipment. SGIstuff. Archive from the original on June 26, 2007. Received on March 14, 2007. Power Computing PowerBase. Low end Mac. Received April 4, 2011. Massive, undetectable security flaw found in USB: It's time to get the PS/2 keyboard out of the closet. ExtremeTech. Received on October 26, 2015. - b -Acceleration-Fix-and-Polling-Rate/ pfs/aulas/lcom2012/labs/lab5/lab5.html Device Class Definition for HID 1.11 (PDF). Archive from the original (PDF) dated August 11, 2014. N-key Tipping via PS/2 and USB. Geek hack. Archive from the original on December 25, 2010. Pros and cons of PS-2 for USB adapters and converters. Adam Chapveske (September 5, 2003). PS/keyboard/keyboard protocol. Archive from the original on November 16, 2016. Received on November 26, 2016. External Wikimedia Commons links have media related to the PS/2 connector. Keyboard and auxiliary controller of the device (PDF). Technical hardware reference interface -General technical-. Ibm. October 1990. Received on November 26, 2016. PS/2 keyboard and mouse mini-DIN 6 connector pinouts, Burton sys. PS/2 Details, Computer Engineering, archived from the original September 1, 2006, received on September 11, 2006. Technical information about interfacing with THE keyboard AT, Beyond logic, archived from the original august 30, 2018, was received on March 25, 2012. Extracted from the computer motherboard components details. laptop motherboard components details. details about motherboard components ppt. motherboard all components details. motherboard all components details in hindi. motherboard all components details pdf

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