CH 11 Conspiracy and Solicitation
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CRIMINAL SOLICITATION THIRD DEGREE (Solicits Felony and Person Solicited Under 16) PENAL LAW 100.08 (Committed on Or After Sept
CRIMINAL SOLICITATION THIRD DEGREE (Solicits felony and person solicited under 16) PENAL LAW 100.08 (Committed on or after Sept. 1, 1978) The (specify) count is Criminal Solicitation in the Third Degree. Under our law, a person is guilty of Criminal Solicitation in the Third Degree when, being over eighteen years of age, with intent that another person under sixteen years of age engage in conduct that would constitute a felony, he or she solicits, requests, commands, importunes or otherwise attempts to cause such other person to engage in such conduct. The following term used in that definition has a special meaning: INTENT means conscious objective or purpose.1 Thus, a person acts with the intent that another person under sixteen years of age engage in conduct that would constitute a felony when his or her conscious objective or purpose is that such other person engage in such conduct. Under our law, (specify the solicited felony) is a felony. A person is guilty of (specify the solicited felony), when (read the applicable portion of the statutory definition of the solicited felony). Under our law, it is no defense to a prosecution for criminal solicitation that the person solicited could not be guilty of the crime solicited owing to criminal irresponsibility or other legal incapacity or exemption, or to unawareness of the criminal nature of the conduct solicited or of the defendant's criminal purpose or to other factors precluding the mental state required for the 1 See Penal Law § 15.05(1). If necessary, an expanded definition of “intent” is available in the section on Instructions of General Applicability under Culpable Mental States. -
Agreement Pursuant to Solicitation City of Mesa
AGREEMENT PURSUANT TO SOLICITATION CITY OF MESA AGREEMENT NUMBER 2020050 OFFICE SUPPLIES AND PRODUCTS CITY OF MESA, Arizona (“City”) Department Name City of Mesa – Purchasing Division Mailing Address P.O. Box 1466 Mesa, AZ 85211-1466 Delivery Address 20 East Main St, Suite 450 Mesa, AZ 85201 Attention Kristy Garcia, CPPO, CPPB Procurement Supervisor E-Mail [email protected] Phone (480) 644-5052 Fax (480) 644-2655 With a copy to: City of Mesa – Business Services Attn: Matt Bauer, Procurement Administrator P.O. Box 1466 Mesa, AZ 85211-1466 [email protected] AND WIST BUSINESS SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT, (“Contractor”) Mailing Address 107 W. Julie Dr. Tempe, AZ 85283 Remit to Address 107 W. Julie Dr. Tempe, AZ 85283 Attention Bill Strait, Sales Manager E-Mail [email protected] Phone (480) 921-2900 Fax (480) 921-2121 2020050 Agreement – Wist Page 1 of 29 CITY OF MESA AGREEMENT PURSUANT TO SOLICITATION This Agreement pursuant to solicitation (“Agreement”) is entered into this 8th day of July, 2020, by and between the City of Mesa, Arizona, an Arizona municipal corporation (“City”), and Wist Business Supplies & Equipment, a(n) Arizona corporation (“Contractor”). The City and Contractor are each a “Party” to the Agreement or together are “Parties” to the Agreement. RECITALS A. The City issued solicitation number 2020050 (“Solicitation”) for OFFICE SUPPLIES AND PRODUCTS, to which Contractor provided a response (“Response”); and B. The City Selected Contractor’s Response as being in the best interest of the City and wishes to engage Contractor in providing the services/materials described in the Solicitation and Response. -
Attempt, Conspiracy, and Solicitation
CHAPTER SEVEN: ATTEMPT, CONSPIRACY, AND SOLICITATION INTRODUCTION This chapter will focus on inchoate crimes: attempt, conspiracy, and solicitation. The New York Penal Law provides defenses to these crimes. The defense is called renunciation and will be discussed at the end of this chapter. ATTEMPT Article 110 of the Penal Law defines the crime of attempt. As the textbook indicates, three elements of attempt are required: a requisite intent to commit a specific underlying offense, an act toward the commission of the crime, and a failure to commit the act. The first two elements must be proven by the prosecution beyond a reasonable doubt. A detail of the elements required to prove attempt are established by statute and are detailed in the case law, which will be discussed shortly. Section 110.00, Attempt to commit a crime, states: A person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime when, with intent to commit a crime, he engages in conduct which tends to effect the commission of such crime. Attempt is graded into degrees of punishment which are dependent upon the severity of the attempted crime. Section 110.05, Attempt to commit a crime; punishment, states: An attempt to commit a crime is a: 1. Class A-I felony when the crime attempted is the A-I felony of murder in the first degree, criminal possession of a controlled substance in the first degree, criminal sale of a controlled substance in the first degree, criminal possession of a chemical or biological weapon in the first degree or criminal use of a chemical or biological weapon in the first degree; 2. -
The Constitutionality of Strict Liability in Sex Offender Registration Laws
THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF STRICT LIABILITY IN SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION LAWS ∗ CATHERINE L. CARPENTER INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 296 I. STATUTORY RAPE ............................................................................... 309 A. The Basics.................................................................................... 309 B. But the Victim Lied and Why it Is Irrelevant: Examining Strict Liability in Statutory Rape........................................................... 315 C. The Impact of Lawrence v. Texas on Strict Liability................... 321 II. A PRIMER ON SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION LAWS AND THE STRICT LIABILITY OFFENDER.............................................................. 324 A. A Historical Perspective.............................................................. 324 B. Classification Schemes ................................................................ 328 C. Registration Requirements .......................................................... 331 D. Community Notification Under Megan’s Law............................. 336 III. CHALLENGING THE INCLUSION OF STRICT LIABILITY STATUTORY RAPE IN SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION.............................................. 338 A. General Principles of Constitutionality Affecting Sex Offender Registration Laws........................................................................ 323 1. The Mendoza-Martinez Factors............................................. 338 2. Regulation or -
What Does Intent Mean?
WHAT DOES INTENT MEAN? David Crump* I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 1060 II. PROTOTYPICAL EXAMPLES OF INTENT DEFINITIONS......... 1062 A. Intent as “Purpose” ..................................................... 1062 B. Intent as Knowledge, Awareness, or the Like ............ 1063 C. Imprecise Definitions, Including Those Not Requiring Either Purpose or Knowledge .................. 1066 D. Specific Intent: What Does It Mean?.......................... 1068 III. THE AMBIGUITY OF THE INTENT DEFINITIONS.................. 1071 A. Proof of Intent and Its Implications for Defining Intent: Circumstantial Evidence and the Jury ........... 1071 B. The Situations in Which Intent Is Placed in Controversy, and the Range of Rebuttals that May Oppose It................................................................... 1074 IV. WHICH DEFINITIONS OF INTENT SHOULD BE USED FOR WHAT KINDS OF MISCONDUCT?....................................... 1078 V. CONCLUSION .................................................................... 1081 * A.B. Harvard College; J.D. University of Texas School of Law. John B. Neibel Professor of Law, University of Houston Law Center. 1059 1060 HOFSTRA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 38:1059 I. INTRODUCTION Imagine a case featuring a manufacturing shop boss who sent his employees into a toxic work environment. As happens at many job sites, hazardous chemicals unavoidably were nearby, and safety always was a matter of reducing their concentration. This attempted solution, however, may mean that dangerous levels of chemicals remain. But this time, the level of toxicity was far higher than usual. There is strong evidence that the shop boss knew about the danger, at least well enough to have realized that it probably had reached a deadly level, but the shop boss disputes this evidence. The employees all became ill, and one of them has died. The survivors sue in an attempt to recover damages for wrongful death. -
Penal Code Offenses by Punishment Range Office of the Attorney General 2
PENAL CODE BYOFFENSES PUNISHMENT RANGE Including Updates From the 85th Legislative Session REV 3/18 Table of Contents PUNISHMENT BY OFFENSE CLASSIFICATION ........................................................................... 2 PENALTIES FOR REPEAT AND HABITUAL OFFENDERS .......................................................... 4 EXCEPTIONAL SENTENCES ................................................................................................... 7 CLASSIFICATION OF TITLE 4 ................................................................................................. 8 INCHOATE OFFENSES ........................................................................................................... 8 CLASSIFICATION OF TITLE 5 ............................................................................................... 11 OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON ....................................................................................... 11 CLASSIFICATION OF TITLE 6 ............................................................................................... 18 OFFENSES AGAINST THE FAMILY ......................................................................................... 18 CLASSIFICATION OF TITLE 7 ............................................................................................... 20 OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY .......................................................................................... 20 CLASSIFICATION OF TITLE 8 .............................................................................................. -
A Timely History of Cheating and Fraud Following Ivey V Genting Casinos (UK)
The honest cheat: a timely history of cheating and fraud following Ivey v Genting Casinos (UK) Ltd t/a Crockfords [2017] UKSC 67 Cerian Griffiths Lecturer in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, Lancaster University Law School1 Author email: [email protected] Abstract: The UK Supreme Court took the opportunity in Ivey v Genting Casinos (UK) Ltd t/a Crockfords [2017] UKSC 67 to reverse the long-standing, but unpopular, test for dishonesty in R v Ghosh. It reduced the relevance of subjectivity in the test of dishonesty, and brought the civil and the criminal law approaches to dishonesty into line by adopting the test as laid down in Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd v Tan. This article employs extensive legal historical research to demonstrate that the Supreme Court in Ivey was too quick to dismiss the significance of the historical roots of dishonesty. Through an innovative and comprehensive historical framework of fraud, this article demonstrates that dishonesty has long been a central pillar of the actus reus of deceptive offences. The recognition of such significance permits us to situate the role of dishonesty in contemporary criminal property offences. This historical analysis further demonstrates that the Justices erroneously overlooked centuries of jurisprudence in their haste to unite civil and criminal law tests for dishonesty. 1 I would like to thank Lindsay Farmer, Dave Campbell, and Dave Ellis for giving very helpful feedback on earlier drafts of this article. I would also like to thank Angus MacCulloch, Phil Lawton, and the Lancaster Law School Peer Review College for their guidance in developing this paper. -
Conspiracy and Attempts Consultation
The Law Commission Consultation Paper No 183 CONSPIRACY AND ATTEMPTS A Consultation Paper The Law Commission was set up by section 1 of the Law Commissions Act 1965 for the purpose of promoting the reform of the law. The Law Commissioners are: The Honourable Mr Justice Etherton, Chairman Mr Stuart Bridge Mr David Hertzell Professor Jeremy Horder Kenneth Parker QC Professor Martin Partington CBE is Special Consultant to the Law Commission responsible for housing law reform. The Chief Executive of the Law Commission is Steve Humphreys and its offices are at Conquest House, 37-38 John Street, Theobalds Road, London WC1N 2BQ. This consultation paper, completed on 17 September 2007, is circulated for comment and criticism only. It does not represent the final views of the Law Commission. The Law Commission would be grateful for comments on its proposals before 31 January 2008. Comments may be sent either – By post to: David Hughes Law Commission Conquest House 37-38 John Street Theobalds Road London WC1N 2BQ Tel: 020-7453-1212 Fax: 020-7453-1297 By email to: [email protected] It would be helpful if, where possible, comments sent by post could also be sent on disk, or by email to the above address, in any commonly used format. We will treat all responses as public documents in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act and we will include a list of all respondents' names in any final report we publish. Those who wish to submit a confidential response should contact the Commission before sending the response. We will disregard automatic confidentiality disclaimers generated by an IT system. -
Crimes Against Property
9 CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY Is Alvarez guilty of false pretenses as a Learning Objectives result of his false claim of having received the Congressional Medal of 1. Know the elements of larceny. Honor? 2. Understand embezzlement and the difference between larceny and embezzlement. Xavier Alvarez won a seat on the Three Valley Water Dis- trict Board of Directors in 2007. On July 23, 2007, at 3. State the elements of false pretenses and the a joint meeting with a neighboring water district board, distinction between false pretenses and lar- newly seated Director Alvarez arose and introduced him- ceny by trick. self, stating “I’m a retired marine of 25 years. I retired 4. Explain the purpose of theft statutes. in the year 2001. Back in 1987, I was awarded the Con- gressional Medal of Honor. I got wounded many times by 5. List the elements of receiving stolen property the same guy. I’m still around.” Alvarez has never been and the purpose of making it a crime to receive awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor, nor has he stolen property. spent a single day as a marine or in the service of any 6. Define forgery and uttering. other branch of the United States armed forces. The summer before his election to the water district board, 7. Know the elements of robbery and the differ- a woman informed the FBI about Alvarez’s propensity for ence between robbery and larceny. making false claims about his military past. Alvarez told her that he won the Medal of Honor for rescuing the Amer- 8. -
CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY: the STATE of MIND CRIME-INTENT, PROVING INTENT, and ANTI-FEDERAL Intentt
College of William & Mary Law School William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository Faculty Publications Faculty and Deans 1976 Criminal Conspiracy: The tS ate of Mind Crime - Intent, Proving Intent, Anti-Federal Intent Paul Marcus William & Mary Law School, [email protected] Repository Citation Marcus, Paul, "Criminal Conspiracy: The tS ate of Mind Crime - Intent, Proving Intent, Anti-Federal Intent" (1976). Faculty Publications. 557. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs/557 Copyright c 1976 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY: THE STATE OF MIND CRIME-INTENT, PROVING INTENT, AND ANTI-FEDERAL INTENTt Paul Marcus* I. INTRODUCTION The crime of conspiracy, unlike other substantive or inchoate crimes, deals almost exclusively with the state of mind of the defendant. Although a person may simply contemplate committing a crime without violating the law, the contemplation becomes unlawful if the same criminal thought is incorporated in an agreement. The state of mind element of conspiracy, however, is not concerned entirely with this agreement. As Dean Harno properly remarked 35 years ago, "The conspiracy consists not merely in the agreement of two or more but in their intention."1 That is, in their agreement the parties not only must understand that they are uniting to commit a crime, but they also must desire to complete that crime as the result of their combination. Criminal conspiracy, therefore, involves two distinct states of mind. The first state of mind prompts the conspirators to reach an agreement; the second relates to the crime that is the object of the agreement. -
Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering 18 U.S.C. § 1959 a Manual for Federal Prosecutors
Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering 18 U.S.C. § 1959 A Manual for Federal Prosecutors December 2006 Prepared by the Staff of the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20005 (202) 514-3594 Frank J. Marine, Consultant Douglas E. Crow, Principal Deputy Chief Amy Chang Lee, Assistant Chief Robert C. Dalton Merv Hamburg Gregory C.J. Lisa Melissa Marquez-Oliver David J. Stander Catherine M. Weinstock Cover Design by Linda M. Baer PREFACE This manual is intended to assist federal prosecutors in the preparation and litigation of cases involving the Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering Statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1959. Prosecutors are encouraged to contact the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section (OCRS) early in the preparation of their case for advice and assistance. All pleadings alleging a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1959 including any indictment, information, or criminal complaint, and a prosecution memorandum must be submitted to OCRS for review and approval before being filed with the court. The submission should be approved by the prosecutor’s office before being submitted to OCRS. Due to the volume of submissions received by OCRS, prosecutors should submit the proposal three weeks prior to the date final approval is needed. Prosecutors should contact OCRS regarding the status of the proposed submission before finally scheduling arrests or other time-sensitive actions relating to the submission. Moreover, prosecutors should refrain from finalizing any guilty plea agreement containing a Section 1959 charge until final approval has been obtained from OCRS. The policies and procedures set forth in this manual and elsewhere relating to 18 U.S.C. -
The Physical Element Or Actus Reus of Money Laundering 1. Overview In
CHAPTER FOUR THE PHYSICAL ELEMENT OR ACTUS REUS OF MONEY LAUNDERING 1. Overview In criminal law an intentional offence is usually analysed through a basic distinc- tion between the physical or objective element (the actus reus) and the mental or subjective element (the mens rea). The prosecution must prove both the specific objective facts and the accussed’s criminal intent or ‘guilty mind’. To the criminal lawyer, the ‘elements of the offence’ are fundamental because they set out the ground rules of the trial, showing what must be proven by the prosecution for a case to reach a conviction. In the event the prosecution establishes all the ele- ments of the offence beyond a reasonable doubt (or, in other words, beyond the intime conviction) of the trier of fact, then a conviction may lie. Nevertheless, if the defense casts a reasonable doubt on even one element of the offence, then the accused is entitled to acquittal. Later, in chapter V, we will address the subjective or mental element of the criminal offence called ‘money laundering’ or ‘laundering the proceeds of crime’. This chapter will try to determine whether or not the implementation of basic physical or actus reus elements of this international criminal offence at the domestic level might undermine the guarantee of due process and the adequate protection of human rights principles, such as the legality principle and the pre- sumption of innocence. And, if the adaptation of any physical element of the international crime proves to be inconsistent with human rights principles I will propose how the deficiencies can be remedied.