Guía De Instalación De Debian GNU/Linux

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Guía De Instalación De Debian GNU/Linux Guía de instalación de Debian GNU/Linux 31 de julio de 2021 Guía de instalación de Debian GNU/Linux Copyright © 2004 – 2021 el equipo del instalador de Debian Este manual es software libre, puede redistribuirlo y/o modificarlo bajo los términos de la licencia general pública GNU. Por favor, consulte la licencia en el Apéndice F para más información. Versión de construcción de este manual: 20210730. Índice general 1. Bienvenido a Debian 1 1.1. ¿Qué es Debian? . 1 1.2. ¿Qué es GNU/Linux? . 1 1.3. ¿Qué es Debian GNU/Linux? . 2 1.4. ¿Qué es el instalador de Debian? . 3 1.5. Obtener Debian . 3 1.6. Obtener la última versión de este documento . 3 1.7. Estructura de este documento . 3 1.8. Sobre copyrights y licencias de software . 4 2. Requisitos del sistema 6 2.1. Hardware compatible . 6 2.1.1. Arquitecturas compatibles . 6 2.1.2. Tres puertos ARM diferentes . 7 2.1.3. Variaciones en los diseños de CPU ARM y en la complejidad del soporte . 7 2.1.4. Plataformas admitidas por Debian/armhf . 7 2.1.5. Plataformas que ya no admite Debian/armhf . 9 2.1.6. Múltiples procesadores . 9 2.1.7. Soporte de hardware gráfico . 9 2.1.8. Hardware de conectividad de red . 9 2.1.9. Periféricos y otro hardware . 10 2.2. Dispositivos que requieren firmware . 10 2.3. Adquisición de hardware específico para GNU/Linux . 10 2.3.1. Evite hardware cerrado o privativo . 10 2.4. Medios de instalación . 11 2.4.1. CD-ROM/DVD-ROM/BD-ROM . 11 2.4.2. Red . 11 2.4.3. Disco duro . 11 2.4.4. Sistema Un*x o GNU . 11 2.4.5. Sistemas de almacenamiento aceptados . 11 2.5. Requisitos de memoria y espacio en disco . 12 3. Antes de instalar Debian GNU/Linux 13 3.1. Descripción del proceso de instalación . 13 3.2. ¡Haga copias de seguridad de su información actual! . 14 3.3. Información que necesitará . 14 3.3.1. Documentación . 14 3.3.1.1. Manual de instalación . 14 3.3.1.2. Documentación de hardware . 14 3.3.2. Encontrar fuentes de información de hardware . 14 3.3.3. Compatibilidad de hardware . 15 3.3.3.1. Comprobación de la compatibilidad de hardware con un sistema Live . 16 3.3.4. Configuración de la red . 16 3.4. Cumplir los requisitos mínimos de hardware . 17 3.5. Preparticionado para sistemas multiarranque . 17 3.6. Preinstalación de hardware y configuración del sistema operativo . 18 3.6.1. ARM firmware . 18 3.6.2. Debian-provided U-Boot (system firmware) images . 18 3.6.3. Setting the ethernet MAC address in U-Boot . 18 3.6.4. Kernel/Initrd/Device-Tree relocation issues in U-Boot . 19 ÍNDICE GENERAL 4. Obtener el soporte de instalación del sistema 20 4.1. Imágenes oficiales de instalación de Debian GNU/Linux . 20 4.2. Descarga de ficheros desde réplicas de Debian . 20 4.2.1. Dónde encontrar los archivos de instalación . 20 4.2.1.1. Ficheros de instalación para Armhf multiplataforma . 21 4.3. Preparación de los ficheros para el arranque a través de red usando TFTP . 21 4.3.1. Configuración del servidor RARP . 21 4.3.2. Configuración del servidor DHCP . 21 4.3.3. Configuración del servidor BOOTP . 22 4.3.4. Habilitar el servidor TFTP . 22 4.3.5. Mover las imágenes TFTP a su ubicación . 23 4.4. Instalación automática . 23 4.4.1. Utilizar el instalador de Debian para realizar una instalación automática . 23 4.5. Verificar la integridad de los archivos de instalación . 23 5. Arranque del sistema de instalación 24 5.1. Arranque del instalador en 32-bit hard-float ARMv7 . 24 5.1.1. Formatos de imagen de arranque . 24 5.1.2. Configuración de consola . 24 5.1.3. Arrancar desde TFTP . 24 5.1.3.1. Arranque TFTP en U-Boot . 24 5.1.3.2. Tarball precompilado de netboot . 25 5.1.4. Arranque desde un dispositivo de memoria USB con U-Boot . 26 5.1.5. Utilizar imágenes precompiladas para tarjetas SD con el instalador . 26 5.2. Accesibilidad ............................................. 27 5.2.1. Interfaz del instalador . 27 5.2.2. Dispositivos de Tarjeta . 27 5.2.3. Temas de Alto contraste . 27 5.2.4. Ampliación . 27 5.2.5. Instalación en modo experto, modo de rescate, instalación automatizada . 27 5.2.6. Accesibilidad del sistema instalado . 28 5.3. Parámetros de arranque . 28 5.3.1. Consola de arranque . 28 5.3.2. Parámetros del instalador de Debian . 28 5.3.3. Utilizar parámetros de arranque para responder a preguntas . 30 5.3.4. Pasar parámetros a módulos del núcleo . 31 5.3.5. Poner módulos del núcleo en una lista negra . 31 5.4. Resolución de problemas en el proceso de instalación . 31 5.4.1. Fiabilidad de los medios ópticos . 31 5.4.1.1. Problemas habituales . 32 5.4.1.2. Cómo investigar y, quizás, solucionar problemas . 32 5.4.2. Configuración del arranque . 33 5.4.3. Interpretar los mensajes de inicio del núcleo . 33 5.4.4. Informar de fallos . 33 5.4.5. Enviar los informes de la instalación . 34 6. Usar el instalador de Debian 35 6.1. Funcionamiento del instalador . 35 6.1.1. Usar el instalador gráfico . 36 6.2. Introducción a los componentes . 36 6.3. Uso de componentes individuales . 37 6.3.1. Configurar el instalador de Debian y configuración de hardware . 38 6.3.1.1. Comprobación de la memoria disponible / modo de baja memoria . 38 6.3.1.2. Seleccionar las opciones de localización . 38 6.3.1.3. Elección del teclado . 39 6.3.1.4. Búsqueda de la imagen ISO del instalador de Debian . 39 6.3.1.5. Configuración de la red . ..
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