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The Natural Resources of Bolinas Lagoon: Their Status and Future

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The Natural Resources of Bolinas Lagoon: Their Status and Future The natural resources of Bolinas Lagoon: their status and future Item Type monograph Authors Giguere, Paul E.; Sturgeon, Merl A.; Inlay, M.W.; Aplin, John A.; Markel, Gerald W.; Speth, John; Arnett, G. Ray Publisher California Department of Fish and Game Download date 10/10/2021 07:39:19 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/18462 St ate of California DEPARm OF FfSH &?D Gm THE NATURAL RESOURCES OF BOLINAS LAGOON TE3[EIR STATUS AND FUTURE Paul E. Giguere, Associate Fishery Biologist Assisted by Merl A. St urgeon, Assist ant Wildlife Manager-Bi ologist M. W. Inlay, Associate Wildlife Manager-Biologist John A. Aplin, Associate Marine Biologist Gerald W. Markel, Fish and Wildlife Assistant I1 John Speth, Associate Wildlife Manager-Biologist G. Ray &?nett, Director, lkpartment of Fish and Game December, 1970 Bolinas Peninsula and Lagoon (Dwcbury Reef in left foreground) Courtesy Aero F'hotographers, Sausalito The Department of Fish and Game thanks tie many persons who con- tributed assistance, advice and data during the preparation of this report. The authors are particularly grateful for the help received from the College of Marin Marine Station at Bolinas. Professor Al Malina and Mr. Craig Hansen provided reference materials, maps, and constructive criticism. Members of the Audubon Canyon Ranch were equally helpful. Mr. Clerin Zurnwalt, Ranch Naturalist, consented to the use of two of his fine photographs and reviewed the draft co~yof this report. Aero Photographers of Sausdito authorized the use of that firm's aerial photo of Bolinas Lagooa. Personnel of the Conservation Department, the Department of Navi- gation and Ocean Development, and the Marin County Planning Department Staff assisted in document research. The Conservation Foundation graciously made several of its reports available for reference. The Foundation and Professor Robert H. Burgy of the University of California at Davis authorized the use of two photomaps. Professor Burgy also reviewed the section on sedimentation and suggested important revisions. Review of the report by the above-mentioned persons and organizations does not, however, constitute their endorsement of its contents. Within the Department, Mr. Frank Hubbard of the San Francisco Office contributed several of the photographs appearing in the report. Miss Cliffa Corson utilized her familiarity with the Bolinas-Stinson Beach area to provide more than ordinary delineation skill in the prep- aration of maps and other plates. TABLE OF COW= Page No. Clam Reserve-------------------------------------------- 36 Wildlife preserve--------------------------------------- 37 Ocean Front adAccess-------------------------------------- 37 Highways---------------------------------------------------- 39 ECOLOGY OF mE LAWON------------------------------------------- 41 FISH W&J)J,ImRESOURCES A;WD USE-----------------------------50 Upl& Wildlife----------------------------------------- 51 Wildlife of the Lagoon---------------------------------- 52 Shellfish----------------------------------------------- 55 Crustaceans and Other Invertebrates--------------------- 57 Finfish of the Lag;oon----------------------------------- 58 Ocean Fishing------------------------------------------- 59 Tide pool Animals--------------------------------------- 60 EDUCATIO~~fim---------------------------------------------- 61 PRO= Am 'COmICm------------------------------------------ 6 3 Sedimentation----------------------------------------------- 6 3 pollution and Contamination--------------------------------- 70 Sources of pollution------------------------------------ 73 pe~ti~ides---------------------------------------------- 73 Sewage ~is~osd----------------------------------------- 7 5 Channel Stabilization and Boating Facility Plans------------ 79 Initial Harbor of Refuge Study-------------------------- 83 Department of Parks and Recreation Study---------------- 83 U. S. Corps of Engineers' Studies----------------------- 86 The Johnson Concept for Channel St& ilization- - - - - - - - - - - 88 The Harbor District's Master Plan----------------------- 91 Position of the Department on Development of Boating Facilities-------------------------------------- 9 3 APPENDIX A, INDEX TO PLANTS AND ANIMALS MENTIONED IN THE TEXT-- A-1 APPENDIX B, LIST OF FISKES OF BOLINAS LAGOON-------------------- B-1 APPENDIX C, MOUUSKS COLLECTED AT BOLINAS LAGOON---------------- C-1 aPPENDM D, MISCEUIANWUS INVEXTEBRATES COLLECTED AT BOLINAS LAGOON BY C0LLM;E OF MARIN SWF AND STUDENTS----------- D-1 APPENDIX E, BIRDLIFE OF BOLINAS LAGOON-------------------------- E-1 APPENDIX F, MONTHLY BIRD CE3SUS BOLINAS LAGOON WIHTER OF 1967-68 BY MElBERS OF AUMTBON CANYON RANCH---------------------- F-1 APPENDIX G, AERIAL SURVEY OF SHOREBIFDS, TOMALES BAY- BOLINAS LAGOON, CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AM3 GAME----------G-1 Table 1, Number of Shorebirds Counted During 1969-70 Census- G-l Table 2, Number of Shorebirds Counted During Census years 1968-70--------------------------------- G-2 Table 3, Number of Waterfowl Counted During Census Year 1968-69, Bolins L%oon only--------------------------- G-3 Table 4, Number of Other Water-Associated Birds ( Btcluding Shoreb ids) Counted During Census Year 1968-69 Bolinas Lwoon Only------------------------------------ (3-4 Table 5, Number of Waterfowl Counted During Census Year 1969-70, Boxinas Lagoon Only-------------------------------- G- 5 Table 6, Niamber of Other Water-Associated Birds (Excluding Shorebirds ) Counted During Census Year 1969-70 Bolinas moon Only------------------------------------G-6 PLATE NO. 1 Location Map---------------------------------------- 20 Ownership of Shoreline Lands, North End of Lag5oon--- 25 Generalized Configuration of Channels, !Pributary Deltas, ad!Mde Flats in Relation to Stage of Tides----------------------------------------------- ( appended) Prime Shellfish Areas of Bolinas Lagoon------------- 48 Initial Plan for a Harbor of Refuge at Bolinas Lagoon, 1962----------------------------------------84 Plan for a Harbor of Ref'uge at Bolinss Lagoon, 1963- 85 Generalized Plan of Features Reviewed by U. S. Army corps of Engineers, lg&----------------------------87 Bolinas Lagoon Channel Stabilization Features------- 89 Plan for Developent of Bolinas Lagoon, Bolinas Harbor District, lg&------------------------------- 90 Proposed Plan for Harbor Development of Bolinas Lagoon, 1970----------------------------------------92 Wde Flats of Bolinas Lsgoon------------------------ Cover (Lower > Aerial Photo, Bolinas Peninsula and Lagoon---------- Frontispiece Great Blue Herons and Common Egrets, Bolinas Lagoon- 44 Mallards in Freshwater Marsh Area Near Town of Stinson Beach--------------------------------------- 46 Audub6n Canyon Ranch with EQ;rets on Madflats and on Nests in Redwoods-------------------------------- 53 PHOTOMAPS 1 Bolim Lagoon & watershed------------------------ ( appended) 2 Bolinas Lagoon Watershed Vegetation Types----------- ( appended ) INTRODUCTION You passed a restaurant no longer open for business, and you noticed the hulk of an old dredge, discarded auto tires, and some apparently contented green-headed ducks splashing around in the mud. Your eyes caught the contrast of black and white-splotched Holsteins on golden hillsides and the surprising remnants of redwood forests on the slopes above. Around the bend there was an expanse of ruffled water that appeared lonely without sail, or boat, or skier. You dis- covered that those white stakes out on the mudflats were birds - not channel markers, and you zipped by an old home with a sign that said Audubon Canyon Ranch. You were on your way to Point Reyes, and you had seen Bolinas Lagoon. Yes, you saw Bolinas Lagoon and you didn't perceive the signs on utility poles that proclaimed 'Polluted"! You missed the little warn- ings that said "No Shooting", and you saw the farm but didn't look at the tops of the redwoods beyond. You saw Bolinas Lagoon, but you didn't see all that Man has abandoned, saved or may soon destroy. This report invites you to return, to stay a while and to ponder! Bolinas Lagoon has, indeed, suffered from human progress, but despite watershed abuse and pollution of its waters, it is still one of the most important of the State's surviving coastal lagoons. Its impor- tance becomes of even greater significance when it is considered that about 67 percent of California's originaJ saltmarshes and tideflats have already been filled or otherwise destroyed. Bolinas Lagoon thus repre- sents a challenge to the people of the State and the residents of Marin County to demonstrate their concern for dwindling coastal resources and to exercise the wisest possible use of such prime fish and wildlife areas. This publication is an integral part of the Department Is high - priority inventory and assessment of coastal marshland and tideflat resources. It is intended as a guide for citizens, planners, adminis- trators, and all others interested in the use and development of coastal lands and waters. Although the resources and problems of Bolinas Lagoon have prob- ably been the subject of more biological and physical investigations than any small estuarine area of the California coast, many of the pertinent reports and information are not readily available to the pub- lic. Consequently, it is one purpose of this report to summarize the lagoon's history, ecological attractions, educational values and the problems facing its continued existence. At the same time, it should provide concerned citizens with a knowledge of the sources of additional
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