Impact of Drought on U.S. Steam Electric Power Plant Cooling Water Intakes and Related Water Resource Management Issues

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Impact of Drought on U.S. Steam Electric Power Plant Cooling Water Intakes and Related Water Resource Management Issues Impact of Drought on U.S. Steam Electric Power Plant Cooling Water Intakes and Related Water Resource Management Issues April 2009 DOE/NETL-2009/1364 Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed therein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Impact of Drought on U.S. Steam Electric Power Plant Cooling Water Intakes and Related Water Resource Management Issues DOE/NETL-2009/1364 April 2009 NETL Contact: Barbara Carney National Energy Technology Laboratory www.netl.doe.gov This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents IMPACT OF DROUGHT ON U.S. STEAM ELECTRIC POWER PLANT COOLING WATER INTAKES AND RELATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUES Chapter 1 – Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 Extent of the Problem ........................................................................................................ 1 Meeting Cooling Water Demands in a Water-Constrained Environment ......................... 2 Purpose and Structure of the Report .................................................................................. 3 Chapter 2 – Database of Power Plants and Cooling Water Intakes......................................... 5 Data Sources ...................................................................................................................... 5 Data Analysis and Filtering ............................................................................................... 6 Database Description ......................................................................................................... 7 Database Assumptions....................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 3 – Database Evaluation............................................................................................. 11 Evaluation of Intake Distance from Shore......................................................................... 11 Evaluation of Intake Depth from Surface .......................................................................... 15 Case Examples for Multiple Plants on the Same Water Body........................................... 19 Chapter 4 – Legal Issues and Agreements Affecting Water Availability................................ 23 Overview............................................................................................................................ 23 Water Commissions and Compacts ................................................................................... 24 Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin.................................................... 26 Susquehanna River Basin Commission ....................................................................... 27 Delaware River Basin Commission............................................................................. 30 Tennessee Valley Authority......................................................................................... 31 Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission....................................................... 33 Great Lakes Basin Compact......................................................................................... 34 Columbia River Gorge Commission............................................................................ 35 Colorado River Authorities.......................................................................................... 37 Western Water Rights Overview ........................................................................................ 39 Federal and State Programs ................................................................................................ 40 Federal Programs ......................................................................................................... 40 State Programs ............................................................................................................. 40 Chapter 5 – Findings and Conclusions .................................................................................... 47 Database of Power Plants and Cooling Water Intakes....................................................... 47 iii Distance for Power Plant Intakes....................................................................................... 47 Depth of Power Plant Intakes ............................................................................................ 48 Commissions, Compacts, and Federal/State Programs ..................................................... 49 References and Organizations Contacted ................................................................................ 51 Appendix A – Database of Power Plants and Cooling Water Intakes (Selected Fields)......... A-1 Appendix B – Database of Power Plants Filtered Out (Selected Fields)................................ B-1 List of Figures 1 Recent National Report from the U.S. Drought Monitor .................................................. 1 2 Distribution of Power Plants Included in Project Database Nationwide ........................... 7 3 Page 11 from the 2005 EIA-767 Form .............................................................................. 9 4 Distribution of Power Plant Intakes by Distance from Shore for All Power Plants.......... 12 5 Distribution of Power Plant Intakes by Distance from Shore for Coal-Fired Power Plants....................................................................................................................... 13 6 Distribution of Power Plant Intakes by Distance from Shore for Natural Gas- Fired Power Plants ............................................................................................................. 13 7 Distribution of Power Plant Intakes by Distance from Shore for Power Plants Located on Rivers and Creeks ........................................................................................... 14 8 Distribution of Power Plant Intakes by Distance from Shore for Power Plants Located on Lakes and Reservoirs ...................................................................................... 14 9 Distribution of Power Plant Intakes by Depth from Surface for All Power Plants ........... 17 10 Distribution of Power Plant Intakes by Depth from Surface for Coal-Fired and Oil-Fired Power Plants................................................................................................ 17 11 Distribution of Power Plant Intakes by Depth from Surface for Natural Gas- Fired Power Plants ............................................................................................................. 18 12 Distribution of Power Plant Intakes by Depth from Surface for Nuclear Power Plants.... 18 13 Distribution of Power Plant Intakes by Depth from Surface for Power Plants Located on Rivers and Creeks ........................................................................................... 19 iv List of Figures (Cont.) 14 Distribution of Power Plant Intakes by Depth from Surface for Power Plants Located on Lakes and Reservoirs ...................................................................................... 19 15 Doctrines Used by States to Govern Surface Water Allocation ........................................ 24 16 Potomac River Basin showing Current Reservoir Sites .................................................... 26 17 Susquehanna River Basin and Subbasins .......................................................................... 28 18 Delaware River Basin Showing Major Tributaries............................................................ 30 19 Tennessee Valley Authority Jurisdiction........................................................................... 32 20 Ohio River Basin................................................................................................................ 33 21 Great Lakes Basin Map...................................................................................................... 34 22 Columbia River Basin........................................................................................................ 36 23 Lower Colorado Region..................................................................................................... 38 24 Upper Colorado Region ..................................................................................................... 38 25 Status of State Program Drought Planning ........................................................................ 41 List of Tables 1 Range, Mean, Median, and Standard Deviation for Intake Distance from Shore for All Categories............................................................................................................... 15 2 Range, Mean, Median, and Standard Deviation for Intake
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