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Thursday, April 03, 2014 the Winter 2014 The BYU-Idaho Research and Creative Works Council Is Pleased to Sponsor The Winter 2014 Thursday, April 03, 2014 Conference Staff Hayden Coombs Conference Manager Caroline Baker Conference Logistics Michael Stoll Faculty Support Meagan Pruden Faculty Support Cory Daley Faculty Support Blair Adams Graphic Design Kyle Whittle Assessment Jordan Hunter Assessment Jarek Smith Outreach Blaine Murray Outreach Advisory Committee Hector A. Becerril Conference Chair Jack Harrell Faculty Advisor Jason Hunt Faculty Advisor Tammy Collins Administrative Support Greg Roach Faculty Advisor Brian Schmidt Instructional Development Jared Williams Faculty Advisor Alan K. Young Administrative Support Brady Wiggins Faculty Advisor Lane Williams Faculty Advisor Agricultural and Biological Sciences Biological & Health Sciences, Oral Presentations SMI 240, 04:30 PM to 06:30 PM Comparison of Embryonic Development and the Association of Aeration on Rate of Growth in Pacific Northeastern Nudibranchs Elysa Curtis, Daniel Hope, Mackenzie Tietjen, Alan Holyoak (Mentor) Egg masses of six species of nudibranchs were kept and observed in a laboratory saltwater table with a constant flow of water directly from the ocean, from the time the eggs were laid to the time they hatched. The egg masses were kept in the same relative place in which they were laid, and protected by plastic containers with two mesh sides to let the water flow freely past the eggs. Samples of the egg masses were collected and observed under a microscope at regular intervals while temperature, salinity, width of eggs and stage of development were recorded. It was found that each embryo developed significantly faster compared to previous studies conducted on the respective species’ egg masses, including studies with higher water temperatures. It is proposed that the methods used in this study provide increased water flow compared to traditional methods of egg mass rearing in the laboratory. This method provided increased oxygen and possibly an increased concentration of dissolved organics resulting in a faster development. A previous study on Cadlina luteomarginata for example, resulted in a hatching time of 672 hours at a temperature of 15°C, and at 10°C the hatching time was 840 hours (Dehnel & Kong 1979). While our C. luteomarginata specimen had a hatching time of only 272 hours at 12°C. The possibility of the methods used in this study being a better representation of development times occurring in nature will also be discussed. Substrate preferences of first instar juvenile Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister, from Charleston Harbor, Coos Bay, Oregon, USA Daniel Hope, Tony Cox, Alan Holyoak (Mentor) First instar juvenile Dungeness crabs Cancer magister are largely defenseless, and post‐settlement mortality is high. It is therefore vital that newly metamorphosed crabs choose substrates that provide them sufficient protection to survive. Understanding substrate preferences of the first instar stage could help improve management of this ecologically and economically important species. We carried out laboratory experiments at the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, Oregon, USA, to test whether first instar juvenile C. magister demonstrate substrate preferences with respect to substrate color, two‐dimensional substrates, or three‐dimensional substrates. Results from our experiments suggest that these crabs do not show significant preferences for any substrate color or two‐dimensional substrate option. They do show, however, that these crabs have a strong preference for a thick layer of mud to piles of shells, piles of rocks, and clumps of algae. This result contradicts studies that suggest juvenile C. magister prefer shell beds and other three‐dimensionally complex substrates when they are available. We conclude that first instar C. magister prefer mud to the other options presented because mud was the substrate they could most quickly and easily dig into, thus providing them with immediate cover. This preference for mud may be adaptive because the vast majority of first instar juvenile C. magister along Washington, Oregon, and California, USA, are much more likely to encounter mud or sand than shell beds or other complex substrates when they are competent to settle. Thursday, April 03, 2014 Page 1 of 90 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Biological & Health Sciences, Oral Presentations SMI 240, 04:30 PM to 06:30 PM Vertical jump imporvements Erik Olaverson, Jake Potter, Cody Miller, Tito Machuca, Trevor Bennion (Mentor) Every one in there life at some point try's to jump, weather they jump for a competitive sport or weather its just a natural thing maybe jumping on a trampoline. Each of us individually can jump at different heights and accomplish different things well we decided to put it to the test what makes us jump high, how can we each improve our vertical jump. We decided to conduct an experiment in which there are 4 groups and they each do a specific leg work out for 6 weeks 3 days a week to see which work out at the end of those 6 weeks would improve a persons vertical jump the most. In this experiment there was a number of at least 4 people per group along with a total number involved of 20 participants. the ratio of males to females was 16 to 4. the work outs that we chose to have one of each of the groups to perform for those 6 weeks weer lunges, squats, bur‐pees and weighted jumps. We felt each of these work outs would highlight a certain muscle used in a vertical jump and that they would each have an effect on a vertical leap. after 12 weeks we collected and annualized the data and the results found are what we are here to share. The Argument of Evolution: How BYU‐Idaho Students Feel Toward Evolution Michael Getz, Shattuck Kuzmic, Chris Wyman, Randie Van Orden, Linnea Boschi, John Griffith (Mentor) In many Latter‐day Saint (LDS) Sunday School Classes evolution is taught to be a theory of man. Some LDS leaders have spoken out against evolution which has led many LDS church members to believe that evolution is contrary to the doctrinal teachings of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐day Saints. In the mid‐1900s there was much debate on the scientific theory of evolution before the First Presidency of the church counseled that it would be wise to leave this matter alone. They counseled to, “Leave geology, biology … to scientific research.” Because of the teachings from the mid‐1900s the older generation of church members firmly believes that science cannot prove the origin of man. The younger generation never received the same amount of teachings against evolution. Our project was created to determine the general feelings of Brigham Young University‐Idaho students towards evolution. Thursday, April 03, 2014 Page 2 of 90 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Biological & Health Sciences, Oral Presentations SMI 240, 04:30 PM to 06:30 PM Investigating neuroglial cell activation in a cell culture model of stroke Derek Judd, Holden Higginbotham (Mentor) In the United States, stroke takes the life of someone every four minutes (American Stroke Association). Most stroke victims (~83%), however, survive, but this survival often comes with serious emotional and physical suffering. Ironically, some of that suffering is the result of secondary damage that occurs to healthy nervous tissue that wasn’t directly affected by the loss of blood supply (Stoll et al., 2002). Despite the prevalence of strokes and the ubiquity of this secondary damage, the cellular and molecular events that cause this additional damage are poorly understood. What is known is that the support cells of the nervous system, called glia, contribute to secondary damage. The goal of our research is to test the ability of different dietary compounds to reduce the extent of activation of glial cells in a cell culture model of stroke. Evidence suggests that pharmacological reduction of glial activation may have a beneficial effect in reducing the secondary damage incurred after acute brain injury like stroke. For example, chlorogenic acid (CGA), a phenol compound found in coffee, tea, and herbal maté that has anti‐inflammatory activity, has been shown to protect against ischemic (low oxygen) injury in rat liver (Yun et al., 2012), and chemical damage to neuronal cells (Huang et al., 2008; Kwon et al., 2010; Shen et al., 2012). These studies suggest the possibility that long‐term administration of dietary compounds like CGA that have anti‐inflammatory properties could contribute to a reduction in the secondary damage incurred after stroke by lowering the activation of microglia to a level where they perform their necessary healing functions while sparing surrounding healthy tissue and minimizing scar formation. Nothing is known of the effects of CGA on astrocyte activation. Our research has three primary aims: 1. To develop a cell culture model of astrocyte activation in response to ischemia. 2. To test whether the dietary compound chlorogenic acid (CGA) can reduce the level of astrocyte activation in the cell culture model of ischemia. 3. To replicate our cell culture experiments in primary rat astrocytes. Field test validation of VO2 max predicting survey Shane Berrett, Madison Robertson, Taylor Stapleton, Evan Smith, Jake Keck, Trevor Bennion (Mentor) Purpose: To validate a vo2 max estimate (PAR) with environmental conditions influencing the test. Method: Participants for this study are recruited from HRHP 131 personal health and wellness and are given a PARQ and informed consent documents prior to participation. Heart rate, ambient temperature and humidity are noted prior to testing. Participants will test their aerobic capacities by hiking R Mountain at a set pace calculated by metronome. Every two minutes, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be noted until the test is terminated by volitional fatigue or by reaching the summit. Heart rate is extrapolated with the controlled increase in work to determine vo2 max estimate. PAR vo2 max estimate will be compared to field test vo2 max estimate and statistically analyzed for statistical significance.
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