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Etudes Helleniques Hellenic Studies 2 ETUDES HELLENIQUES HELLENIC STUDIES A Tribute to the Theatre of S E the Modern Greek Diaspora I D U T Hommage au théâtre de S C I la diaspora Greque moderne N E L Edited by / Sous la direction de L E George Kanarakis H / S With associate editor / Avec la collaboration de E U Q Stephanos Constantinides I N E Contributors / Contributions de L L E Stephanos Constantinides H S Katerina Diakoumopoulou E D Constantine Fotiadis U T George Kanarakis E Maria Karavia Tilemachos Moudatsakis Constantine Palamidis Anastassios Petsalas Euthymios Souloyannis Nikos Spanoudes Chrysothemis Stamatopoulou-Vasilakou 8 0 0 Volume 1 6, No. 2, Autumn / Automne 200 8 2 2 ÉTUDES HELLÉNIQUES / HELLENIC STUDIES Études Helléniques / Hellenic Studies DIRECTEURS / EDITORS Stephanos CONSTANTINIDES Centre for Hellenic Studies and Research Canada-KEEK Michael DAMANAKIS University of Crete - Greece Panayotis TSAKONAS University of the Aegean - Greece ÉDITEUR EXTERNE / EXTERNAL EDITOR Kathryn RADFORD McGill University - Canada COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION / EDITORIAL BOARD Paris ARNOPOULOS Concordia University (Canada) Jacques BOUCHARD Université de Montréal (Canada) Jean CATSIAPIS Université de Paris X (France) Georgia CATSIMALI University of Crete (Greece) Peter CHIMBOS University of Western Ontario (Canada) Dimitri CONSTAS Panteion University (Greece) Van COUFOUDAKIS Intercollege (Cyprus) Theodore COULOUMBIS Athens Universtity (Greece) Marios EVRIVIADES Panteion University (Greece) Kostas GOULIAMOS Cyprus College (Cyprus) Maria HERODOTOU La Trobe University, (Australia) Antonios HOURDAKIS University of Crete (Greece) Joseph JOSEPH Universtity of Cyprus (Cyprus) George KANARAKIS Charles Sturt University - Bathurst (Australia) Dimitrios KARAGEORGOS University of Crete (Greece) Alexander KITROEFF Hanerford College (U.S.A.) George KOURVETARIS Northern Illinois University (U.S.A.) Konstantinos MAGLIVERAS University of the Aegean (Greece) Helen NICKAS La Trobe University, (Australia) Theodoros PELAGIDES Panteion University (Greece) Ioannis PYRGIOTAKIS University of Crete (Greece) Ioannis PHILIPPOUSSIS Dawson College (Canada) Athanassios PLATIAS Panteion University (Greece) Ioannis SEIMENIS University of the Aegean (Greece) Dimitrios TRIANTAPHYLLOU University of the Aegean (Greece) Thanos VEREMIS Athens University (Greece) Published twice a year (Spring - Autumn) by the Centre for Hellenic Studies and Research Canada, -KEEK, the University of Crete, Centre of Intercultural and Migration Studies- EDIAMME, Department of Primary Education and the University of the Aegean Post- Graduate Program in «Political, Economic and International Relations in the Mediterranean», Department of Mediterranean Studies. Articles for publication, books for review and general correspondence should be addressed to Études helléniques/ Hellenic Studies: Centre for Hellenic Studies University of Crete and Research Canada-KEEK Department of Primary Education C.P. 48571 Centre of Intercultural and Migration 1495 Van Horne Studies (EDIAMME) Outremont, (Québec), Canada Rethymno Universtity Campus H2V 4T3 Rethymno, 74100, Greece Tel: (514)276-7333 Tel: +28310-77605, Fax: +28310-77636 Fax: (514)4953072 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] http://www.ediamme.edc.uoc.gr Subscription orders, inquires, single orders and back issues should be addressed / could be obtained from this address also. Études helléniques/ Hellenic Studies is an interdisciplinary, bilingual (French - English) journal devoted to the study of issues prevailing among Greeks in both Greece proper and the numerous Greek communities abroad. Subscription Rates/Frais d’abonnement One year/Un an Europe (par virement)* Individuals/Particuliers $35.00 35 € Institutions $45.00 40 € Support/Soutien $50.00 50 € *Compte chèques postaux à Paris: CCP no 2846134E020 IBAN FR72 2004 1000 0128 4613 4E02 057 BIC PSSTFRPPPAR Revue publiée deux fois par an (Printemps-Automne) par le Centre de recherches helléniques Canada-KEEK, l'Université de Crète(Centre d'études interculturelles et de l'immigration-EDIAMME du Département d'Education Primaire) et l'Université de la Mer Egée (Programme d'études supérieures de deuxième et troisième cycle, «Sciences politiques, économiques, et relations internationales dans la Méditerranée»,Département d'études méditerranéennes). Tous les articles, les recensions et la correspondance générale doivent être adressés aux ÉTUDES HELLÉNIQUES/HELLENIC STUDIES, C.P. 48571, 1495 Van Horne, Outremont, (Québec), Canada, H2V 4T3, Tel: (514) 276-7333, Télécopieur: (514) 495-3072 (E-mail: [email protected]). Pour les abonnements, les informations, pour tout numéro courant ou ancien de la revue, prière de vous adresser aux ÉTUDES HELLÉNIQUES/ HELLENIC STUDIES à l’adresse ci dessus. ÉTUDES HELLÉNIQUES/HELLENIC STUDIES est une revue interdisciplinaire bilingue (français-anglais) consacrée à la recherche: elle a pour objet l’étude de l’hellénisme tant de la Grèce que de la diaspora. Gutenberg Publishing Didodou 37 Athens 10680 Tel.: 210-3808334 Fax: 210-3642030 e-mail: [email protected] Dépôt légal / Legal Deposit National Library of Canada Bibliothèque nationale du Québec 2e trimestre 2007 ISSN: 0824-8621 Volume 16, No 2, 2008 Autumn /Automne 2008 Table des matières / Table of Contents Editor's note George Kanarakis...................................................................................................... 7 Le Théâtre de la Diaspora Grecque Moderne George Kanarakis ......................................................................................................9 The Theatre of the Modern Greek Diaspora George Kanarakis ....................................................................................................21 The “Body” of Dionysos and Its Preannouncements: Theatre as an Ecumenical Diasporic Phenomenon Tilemachos Moudatsakis ........................................................................................ 33 The Greek Communities in the Balkans and Asia Minor and Their Theatrical Activity 1800-1922 Chrysothemis Stamatopoulou-Vasilakou .............................................................. 39 The Greek Theatre in Pontos, Russia and the Soviet Union Konstantinos Fotiadis.............................................................................................. 65 The Greeks in Egypt and Their Theatre Activities During the Twentieth Century Euthymios Souloyannis .......................................................................................... 83 Greek Theatre Activities in Germany and Belgium: The Last Fifty Years Maria Karavia .......................................................................................................... 89 Greek-Cypriot Community Theatre in Britain Anastassios Petsalas ................................................................................................ 97 The Theatre of the Greek Diaspora: The Case of Canada Stephanos Constantinides .................................................................................... 117 The Greek Theatre in the United States from the End of the 19th Century to the 21st Century Katerina Diakoumopoulou .................................................................................. 125 Theatre and the Greek Community in Venezuela Costas Palamidis .................................................................................................... 143 The Theatre of Identity: Changing Survival Mechanisms of Diasporic Hellenism in South Africa. Through Apartheid to the Present Day Renos Nicos Spanoudes ........................................................................................ 149 5 The Theatre of Australian Hellenism in Historical Perspective George Kanarakis.................................................................................................. 171 Chronologies ........................................................................................................ 205 Editor’s note I wish to express my gratitude to the Editorial Board of Études Helléniques/Hellenic Studies for dedicating this tribute issue to the theatre of the Modern Greek diaspora and for inviting me to be the guest editor. Their decision reflects their ongoing commitment to bring to the attention of their readership the contribution made by the Greeks of diaspora to the life, culture and tradition of both their communities and the national centre. A work of this scope would not happen without the efforts of the many contributors who have offered the benefits of their knowledge and expertise as well as their valuable time and energy to make this issue a rich resource and reference work in an area of Ecumenical Hellenism which is just beginning to receive the attention and study that it deserves. George Kanarakis 7 Le Théâtre de la Diaspora Grecque Moderne George Kanarakis* Introduction Le théâtre comme un élément culturel fait partie intégrante de la physionomie diachronique de l’hellénisme, celui de la Grèce aussi bien que de celui de la diaspora. Par le terme «diaspora» (dont l’étymologie provient de speiro «semer» et de dia «dessus» (sur, à travers), laissant de côté l’emphase particulière accordée par les historiens au critère géographique et le maintien des liens matériels, culturels et sentimentaux avec le centre national1 pour ce qui est du processus de socialisation et de la formation de l’identité, on entend «la dispersion géographique des groupes ethniques qui, coupés mais pas nécessairement aliénés de leur groupe d’origine, de référence, ou de leur tronc national, vivent comme des groupes
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