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The Earliest Dated Monument of Amasis and the End of the Reign of Apries Author(S): Anthony Leahy Source: the Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol

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The Earliest Dated Monument of Amasis and the End of the Reign of Apries Author(S): Anthony Leahy Source: the Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol The Earliest Dated Monument of Amasis and the End of the Reign of Apries Author(s): Anthony Leahy Source: The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 74 (1988), pp. 183-199 Published by: Sage Publications, Ltd. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3821755 Accessed: 05-03-2018 18:54 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Sage Publications, Ltd. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology This content downloaded from 128.148.254.57 on Mon, 05 Mar 2018 18:54:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms (I83) JEA 74 THE EARLIEST DATED MONUMENT OF AMASIS AND THE END OF THE REIGN OF APRIES By ANTHONY LEAHY Publication of a donation stela BM 952 (year one of Amasis) followed by analysis of the sources for the civil war with Apries (P. BM 10113, Elephantine stela, cuneiform tablet BM 33041, Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus). P. BM 101 13 and BM 952 together show that Apries was still recognized at Thebes in October, 570, over eight months after the first monument dated by Amasis. It is argued that Apries was in Egypt for the whole of that period and only went abroad after his defeat at 'Immw/Momemphis. His fortified palace at Memphis may have been his base, and it is suggested that Apries had more native support than hitherto supposed. The effectiveness of Amasis' subsequent propaganda, reflected in Herodotus, has misled historians in this respect. AMONG the less prepossessing treasures of the British Museum is a stela (BM 952),1 dated to year i of Amasis (pl. XXV and fig. i). It is of limestone and measures 53.8 x 30 x 8 cm. Although no information on its provenance is available, its dedication to Horus, 'lord of hwt-nsw', suggests that it comes from el-Kom el-Ahmar el-Sawaris/Sharuna, a site on the east bank of the Nile, some twenty kilometres south of el-Hibeh, and currently being studied by an expedition from the University of Tiibingen.2 The offering scene is unexceptional. The rounded top of the stela is echoed by an arched, elongated pt hieroglyph, from the tips of which framing lines drop vertically to the bottom of the text section. Beneath the sky-sign is a conventional winged disc. Below this, the king, who faces left and is described as 'The Good God Khnemibre, living for ever', presents a field symbol to Horus, 'Lord of hwt-nsw', behind whom stands Isis, 'Lady of hwt-nsw'. The king wears a wig encircled by a fillet and falling almost vertically onto, or behind, the shoulder. Traces of the uraeus can just be seen on the forehead. The cartouche is slightly damaged, as is the king's head, and the nomen in line two of the main text, but similar surface pitting is observable elsewhere on the stela, in quite innocuous places, and is certainly not deliberate. The text of six and a half lines is crudely incised, and somewhat obscured by a repaired diagonal break across the lower half. A blank section at the bottom of the stela would have allowed it to be inserted in the ground. 1 The stela is published by kind permission of the Trustees of the British Museum. I am grateful to Dr M. L. Bierbrier and Mr T. G. H. James for access to the stela, and to P. BM 10113 (discussed below). For its brief bibliography, see D. Meeks in E. Lipinfiski (ed.), State and Temple Economy in the Ancient Near East, ii (Louvain, 1979), 679. Study of the Elephantine stela of Amasis in Cairo (n. 27 below), in the context of preparation of a corpus of Saite inscriptions, was made possible by a grant from the British Academy which is gratefully acknowledged here. 2 For the site, see F. Gomaa, Die Besiedlung Agyptens wdhrend des Mittleren Reiches (Wiesbaden, 1986), 343 -4, and P. Vernus, RdE 37 (I986), 146 n. 40. For preliminary reports on the work of the Tiubingen expedition, see L. Gestermann et al., GM 104 (I988), 53-70. This content downloaded from 128.148.254.57 on Mon, 05 Mar 2018 18:54:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 184 ANTHONY LEAHY JEA 74 d= 0 lll- I 0 0 A"n, j "-Th """"'-<<'1 0I ° a ' I 0 - a c;0 /v - (^ I AM °n r ^- -4i , _ 4 f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4b A JI FIG. i. BM 952. This content downloaded from 128.148.254.57 on Mon, 05 Mar 2018 18:54:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms i 988 THE EARLIEST DATED MONUMENT OF AMASIS I85 Translation (i) 'Year one, second month of Inundation, day one, under the Majesty of the Horus s[mn] m't, the Two Ladies s; Nt spd t;wy, Horus of Gold (2) stp ntrw, King of Upper and Lower Egypt Hnm-ib-R', Son of Re ['Thms s; Nt], living for ever, beloved of Horus, lord of Hutnesu. On this good day, (3) donation a of a field of ten arourae of dry land b which c is in the agricultural district of Skk, d to maintain a lamp e (4) before Horus, lord of Hutnesu, under the authority of the doorkeeper of Horus, lord of Hutnesu, Djedthotefankh, f son of (5) Pediese.g Its southern limit h the dry land, its northern the field of ...(?), i its western (6) . [its eastern the] dry land which is near i the 'r-tree, k (7) [it being established for ever]l and ever before Horus, lord of Hutnesu.' Notes (a) For tV st;t h.t, see Wb. Iv, 356, II. (b) On sw-land, see D. Meeks, Le grand texte des donations au temple d'Edfou (Cairo, 1972), 83 (96). (c) For the writing of nty, see Leahy, RdE 34 (1982-3), 84, s). (d) For sht, see Meeks, op. cit. 147. t? sht Skk is also mentioned in P. Rylands IX, i6/I I (F. LI. Griffith, Catalogue of the Demotic Papyri in the John Rylands Library, III (Manchester, 1909), 424, overlooked by me, GM 49 (1981), 44 n. io) as a village near el-Hibeh. Although only the o determinative is used here, the most likely etymology of the toponym is S;-k(;)k(;), 'Field of kaka-plants'. kk has often been identified as Ricinus communis, L. Rizinicus, although R. Germer, Untersuchungen fiber Arzneimittelpflanzen im alten Agypten (Hamburg, 1979), 33I-5, has expressed reservations. The equation has recently been reasserted by D. Brent Sandy, CdE 62 (1987), 49-52. Meeks, ALex I, 77.4521I and iii, 79.3216, has suggested that it can also have the more general sense of 'buissons' or 'broussailles', but the examples cited do not exclude a consistently specific usage. It seems to be a feature of the Heracleopolitan region, with strong religious associations, since Osiris, Nephthys, and Bastet are all called hry-ib i;t-kk: P. Rylands IX, 22/7 = Griffith, Catalogue of the Demotic Papyri, III, 425; G. Daressy, ASAE 21 (1921), 141, no. 4; Daressy, Textes et dessins magiques (Cairo, 1903), 37. It is also reflected in the epithet of a goddess, . kk nbtpt, on a block from Heracleopolis (J. Lopez, OrAnt 13 (1974), 306) and the local appellation of Osiris, hw mkk, hwkk, A. Forgeau, BIFAO 84 (1984), I17 n. i. The plant called qq, attested only in two toponyms P;-qq (R. Faulkner, Wilbour Papyrus, iv (London, 1952), 90) and T;-nt-sqq (ibid. 89) from the same general area, may be the same as kk, in which case the entries in G. Charpentier, Recueil de materiaux epigraphiques relatifs a la botanique de l'Egypte antique (Paris, I981), nos. 1239 and 1179 should be conflated. The determinative used in P;-qq is J-, not k, customary with kk, but the scribes of P. Wilbour were not consistent in their usage in this respect, e.g. 'r (n. k below), which normally has 0, is once determined by A (Faulkner, op. cit. 56). Since the castor plant is, in any case, the size of a small tree, there is no difficulty (Brent Sandy, CdE 62, 49, 51). W. Helck, Die Beziehungen Agyptens zu Vorderasien (2nd edn., Wiesbaden, 1971), 522, no. 238, connects qq with Rizinicus, though not with kk. On the convergence of k and q, see C. Evrard-Derriks and J. Quaegebeur, CdE 54 (1979), 47 n. 5; H. De Meulenaere and J. Yoyotte, BIFAO 83 (1983),I I5; M. Chauveau, RdE 37 (1986), 39 n. 48; in words of foreign origin, M. Gorg, JEA 63 (I977), 178-80. (e) For the sense of hr hbs, see Leahy, GM49 (1981), 37-46, esp. 44 n. I i. To Meeks' list of donations relating to lamps in State and Temple Economy, 650 n. 204, should be added Moscow, Pushkin i. i.a.5645, published by S. Hodjash and 0. Berlev, The Egyptian Reliefs and Stelae in the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow (Leningrad, 1982), 170, 173 (nature of donation misunderstood by editors). This content downloaded from 128.148.254.57 on Mon, 05 Mar 2018 18:54:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 186 ANTHONY LEAHY JEA 74 (f) The writing of the name is notable for the use of R = 'nh; cf.
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