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Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan 2009 Reviews of NationalReviews Policies for Education Reviews of National Policies Reviews of National Policies for Education for Education Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan 2009 Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS AND THOSE WITH Republic and Tajikistan DISABILITIES 2009 This OECD publication reviews the current state of education policies for children with special education needs and those with disabilities in Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS Republic, and Tajikistan. It offers an overview of the respective country backgrounds, AND THOSE WITH DISABILITIES education systems and relevant legislation, and takes a critical look at access to education for what is considered to be the most vulnerable group of children in the countries reviewed. Particular attention is paid to inclusive education policies, to the processes of identification and assessment, to overall policy co-ordination for the provision of education services, to integration in mainstream education, as well as to good practices and the role of NGOs and the donor community. 2009 Tajikistan and Republic Kyrgyz Kazakhstan, The publication is part of the OECD series Reviews of National Policies for Education and is prepared by the Programme for Co-operation with Non-Member Economies of the Directorate for Education. The full text of this book is available on line via these links: www.sourceoecd.org/education/9789264073210 www.sourceoecd.orgemergingeconomies/9789264073210 Those with access to all OECD books on line should use this link: www.sourceoecd.org/9789264073210 SourceOECD is the OECD online library of books, periodicals and statistical databases. For more information about this award-winning service and free trials ask your librarian, or write to us at [email protected]. www.oecd.org/publishing 91 2009 10 1 E 0020091M1cov.indd 1 24-Aug-2009 4:46:35 PM Reviews of National Policies for Education Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan 2009 STUDenTS WITH SpeCIAL NeeDS AND THOse WITH DISABILITIes ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. Also available in Russian under the title: Oбзор национальной политики в области образования Казахстан, Кыргызская Pеспублика и Таджикистан 2009 Учащиеся с особыми потребностями и ограниченными возможностями Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda © OECD 2009 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre fran ais d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) [email protected]. FOreWORd – 3 Foreword This OECD publication reviews the current state of education poli- cies for children with special education needs and those with disabilities in Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan. It offers an overview of the respective country backgrounds, education systems and relevant legislation, and takes a critical look at access to education for what is considered to be the most vulnerable group of children in the countries reviewed. Particular atten- tion is paid to inclusive education policies, to the processes of identification and assessment, to overall policy co-ordination for the provision of education services, to integration in mainstream education, as well as to good practices and the role of NGOs and the donor community. The publication draws on a wide range of sources, most notably back- ground reports prepared by R.A. Suleimenova and A.K. Zhalmukhamedova (Kazakhstan), C. Djumagulova (Kyrgyz Republic), and Zarrina Bazidova of Panorama (Tajikistan) and on information provided on site visits and interviews with stakeholders at all levels, carried out in 2007 and 2008. The OECD would like to thank all the representatives of the ministries, experts, teachers, professionals, non-government organisations (NGOs) and students who provided invaluable information for the preparation of this publication. The reports in this publication were authored by Peter Evans, OECD Education Analyst, and Diane Richler (Canada), President of Inclusion International, on Kazakhstan; Serge Ebersold, OECD Education Analyst, on the Kyrgyz Republic; Mihaylo Milovanovitch, OECD Education Analyst, and Denise Rosa (Russia), Director, Russian Disability NGO “Perspektiva”, on Tajikistan. The synthesis chapter was authored by Eluned Roberts-Schweitzer (USA), World Bank, Senior Education Specialist. Overall co-ordination and substantive support were provided by Ian Whitman, Gerhard Kowar and Mihaylo Milovanovitch of the OECD Secretariat. STUDenTS WITH SEN IN KAZAKHSTAN, Kyrgyz RepUBLIC AND TAJIKISTAN – iSBN 978-92-64-07321-0 – © OECD 2009 4 – FOreWORD The publication is part of the OECD series “Reviews of National Policies for Education” and is prepared by the Programme for Co-operation with Non- Member Economies of the Directorate for Education. This OECD activity is supported by the Open Society Institute – with contribution of the Education Support Programme of Budapest, Soros Foundation Kazakhstan, Soros Foundation Kyrgyzstan, and Open Society Institute Assistance Foundation Tajikistan. Barbara Ischinger Director for Education STUDenTS WITH SEN IN KAZAKHSTAN, Kyrgyz RepUBLIC AND TAJIKISTAN – iSBN 978-92-64-07321-0 – © OECD 2009 TABLE OF CONTenTS – 5 Table of Contents List of Acronyms ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11 Chapter 1. Synthesis: Making Inclusive Education a Reality for All. .13 Introduction and scope of the report ����������������������������������������������������������������������13 Synthesis of country findings ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 Progress and issues – an overview. .22 A research agenda for action ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������32 Conclusion ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������33 Annex: Next Steps – Maximising Ongoing Efforts to Provide Special Needs Education . .35 References. .39 Chapter 2. Kazakhstan . .41 2.1. Introduction. .43 Purpose of the report ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������45 Methodology ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������46 Inclusive education. .46 Structure of the report ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������46 2.2. Education of Students with Special Education Needs in the Republic of Kazakhstan. .47 Background ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47 Main features of the economy ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������49 A brief overview of education in Kazakhstan . .50 Legal framework relating to children with disabilities ������������������������������������������54 Rights . .58 Poverty . .61 Education for All and special education ����������������������������������������������������������������62 STUDenTS WITH SEN IN KAZAKHSTAN, Kyrgyz RepUBLIC AND TAJIKISTAN – iSBN 978-92-64-07321-0 – © OECD 2009 6 – tABLE OF CONTenTS Special and inclusive education in Kazakhstan . .62 Governance structure for CWDs . .64 Monitoring of standards. .64 Financing special education . .64 Future provision . .65 Teacher training in special education. .65 The nature of provision for children with disabilities and special needs. .69 Pre-school programmes for disabled children
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