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National Strategy for Education Development of the Republic of Tajikistan for the Period Until 2030 CHAPTER 1. MAIN GOAL AND

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National Strategy for Education Development of the Republic of Tajikistan for the Period Until 2030 CHAPTER 1. MAIN GOAL AND Approved by the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on 29 September 2020, #526 National Strategy for Education Development of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period until 2030 CHAPTER 1. MAIN GOAL AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STRATEGY §1. Main goal and vision of reforms in the education sector 1. The main and long term goal of the National Strategy for the Education Development (NSED) of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period until 2030 is the creation of an effective education system that provides inclusive and equal opportunities and contributes to the development of abilities, intellectual development, employment, and improvement of the general well-being of the population of the Republic of Tajikistan. 2. The long-term strategy of the education sector is based on the economic and social development priorities of the Republic of Tajikistan, reflected in the National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period until 2030 and is consistent with the goals and objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2015-2030. The objective of strategic planning, given broader perspective, is to identify priority and key reform measures by identifying opportunities and challenges in the context of socio-economic development. 3. The goal of the reforms is to create an educational system that should be of high quality and accessible to all throughout life, providing the country's economy with competent workers, appropriate infrastructure and based on modern and innovative technologies. The educational system of the Republic of Tajikistan should be economically sustainable and meet the standards of the world's leading educational systems and international quality assessment systems. To protect the interests and ensure the prestige of the country, the education system must ensure the preservation and development of cultural identity, as well as maintaining national identity and cultural diversity. All these are extremely important to integrate the Republic of Tajikistan into the global educational space. 4. Compliance with international standards in line with Sustainable Development Goals for 2015-2030 and the Sendai Disaster Risk Reduction Framework for Priority Actions and Indicators for the Education Sector also 1 implies addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities for children, including by assessing the risks associated with various sources of hazards; strengthening the capacities of children and systems of their protection in at-risk situations; identifying safety priorities in schools (safe school facilities, disaster management in schools, and risk reduction and resilience training); and ensuring meaningful participation of children in decision-making processes. §2. Objectives of the Strategy 5. The National Strategy for Education Development of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period until 2030 is the main policy document in education. The Strategy sets medium and long-term goals and objectives for the development of education and determines the guidelines and priority directions for the development of the education system in the Republic of Tajikistan. 6. The National Strategy for Education Development of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period until 2030 will put the emphasis in education towards the quality of the education process, as well as professional skills and competencies that young people and adults receive through education. The personal success of each citizen depends on the ability to adapt to change and learn continuously. Hence, the national education system must provide an environment suitable for the development of these competencies. In the context of economic shocks, external factors and demographic changes, lifelong education is the main task of the education system. 7. The key objectives of the National Strategy for Education Development of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period until 2030 are: - ensuring equal access and participation in education and science at all levels for all throughout life; - improving the quality and relevance of education and science at all levels; - strengthening effective governance of the education sector. 8. Within the framework of the National Strategy for Education Development of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period until 2030, safe and socially inclusive schools and other educational institutions are considered in accordance with the national policy on disaster risk management and adaptation to climate change, implemented at the national, regional, district and local levels. These priorities are provisioned in the National Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2019-2030 and the National Climate Adaptation Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2019-2030. 2 CHAPTER 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK §1. Socio-economic situation 9. In early 2000s, upon achieving peace and the consolidation of resources, key reforms had been successfully implemented in the field of public administration and the economy, including the education sector. Following the growth of the economy, individual incomes and state budget resources increased, which enabled the government to finance the needs of social sectors. In addition, thanks to the consistent actions of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, the absolute poverty incidence in the country decreased from 72% in 2003 to 37.4% in 2012 and further down to 27.4% in 2018. Extreme poverty decreased from 42% in 2003 to 17% in 2018. Poverty reduction had a positive impact on the educational opportunities and access to education of young people and adults, especially from vulnerable families and in rural areas. 10. In general, an extremely difficult transition period in the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan during 1991-2010 and a high population growth rate (the population has almost doubled since the early 1980s, amounting to 8,931,195 people at the end of 2018) directly affected education performance indicators. Despite the fact that the share of state budget resources and other investments in education is gradually increasing, the competitiveness of the economy remains low and is heavily dependent on labor migration, which affects the demand for labor (the demand for professional skills, competencies and knowledge) and employment opportunities for graduates of professional educational institutions. 11. The current growth rate will remain unsustainable unless a strong link is re-established between the national education system and the domestic labor market. In addition, the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan does not create enough jobs for a growing workforce. Despite a significant increase in gross domestic product (GDP), official employment has increased by only slightly more than 8% over the past 10 years, i.e. in the period 2010-2019. According to official statistics from 2017, 74.9% of official unemployment is in the countryside, and 51.8% of all unemployed have not completed secondary education. In fact, an excess of unskilled labor creates significant pressure on the domestic labor market. 12. Early education affects the future employment outcomes of citizens. The relatively low level of enrollment of girls in preschool and primary educational institutions, as well as dropping out of girls from later grades means that they will most likely have fewer job opportunities and lower wages than boys during the course of their professional activity in the Republic of Tajikistan. This seriously affects the dynamics of private sector development and the demand for many 3 academic specialties taught in vocational educational institutions (primary, secondary and higher professional educational institutions). 13. The working-age population has changed from 60.9% of the total population in 2010 to 62.4% in 2018, however, the average quality of new jobs in the country leaves much to be desired and, in most cases, requires workers to possess formal education. The younger generation is expected to contribute to significant and stable population growth in Tajikistan over the next several decades. Therefore a growing number of young people in Tajikistan require appropriate education and employment opportunities. In response to these challenges, the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan is taking measures to reduce youth unemployment. In the meantime, it should be noted that the share of youth (i.e., the population under the age of 30) in the total population decreased from 70% in 2000 to 65.9% in 2010 and further to 62.9% in 2018. 14. Despite these slowing growth rates, the population growth in the Republic of Tajikistan is expected to continue in the next few decades, which will put a significant strain on educational institutions in terms of the need to provide for and educate young people, especially in rural areas. According to the latest estimates of the UN Population Division, the population of the Republic of Tajikistan will reach approximately 11.6 million people by 2030, 14.2 million people by 2050, and 25.3 million people by 2100. 15. Given that in 2017 about 52.7% of all public sector employees were employed in the education sector, and 9.6% of official employment was in education, it is imperative to restore the prestige of the profession of an education worker and stimulate wage growth so that average wages in the education sector are at least competitive in the public sector. 16. The Republic of Tajikistan is also prone to various natural disasters, including avalanches, droughts, earthquakes, floods,
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