FAO Rome Diversity for Development Alliance Is Fostering a Revolution in Diets for Good Health!

AVRDC and the FAO Rome Diversity for Development Alliance is Fostering a Revolution in Diets for Good Health!

Holmer

Ebert Hughes Less visible but yet vital for human health: Nutrient-dense indigenous vegetables and their need for urgent promotion in balanced diets By J.D.H. Keatinge, R.J. Holmer, A.W. Ebert and J d’A. Hughes

AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center Malnutrition and mortality – Southeast Asia

Brunei Darussalam 7 Under-five mortality rate 2010 (per 1,000 live births) Singapore 3 Thailand Viet Nam 13 23 Cambodia Non- 51

communicable Philippines diseases cause 29 more than 60% of Indonesia 35 deaths

Myanmar 66 Major risk factors Lao PDR 54 Poor diet and physical inactivity

Tobacco Malaysia Alcohol 6

United Nations Children’s Fund 2011. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality. www.avrdc.org Asian vegetables

Slide 3 (11/2011) Photo source: http://www.evergreenseeds.com/vegetableseeds.html Share of vegetable consumpon in Asia (min. 200 g/day/person) S SE Eastern Asia Western Asia Central Asia Asia Asia 38 23 23 9 8

715 g/day 423 g/day 422 g/day 171 144 g/day g/day

Other 71% 87% 56% 59% 88% veg

36% 29% 14% Tomatoes 7% 4% 5% 8% 12% 15% 8% Onion

Data source” FAOSTAT 2010 Slide 4 (11/2011) Indigenous nutrient-dense vegetables can be used to overcome malnutrition cheaply and permanently

Over 5000 varieties of indigenous vegetables are maintained at AVRDC

Clitoria ternata: A multipurpose use IV Hibiscus sabdariffa: A very good source of vitamin C Leaves Nutrition Flowers Medicine Medicine Cosmetics Stem Fuel wood Bark Pulp Dyes Paper Medicine

Gum Pods Medicine Nutrition Glue Medicine

Seeds Root Water purification sMedicine Medicine Condiment Oil Drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera) Moringa drouhardii Moringa oleifera

Moringa stenopetala

Moringa peregrina 7 Slide 7 (RYY, 17-18 Jan 2012) Nutrients in four Moringa species

100 g fresh mature leaves Specie DM Prot. b-Car Vit C Vit E Iron Ca g mg mg mg mg mg olerifera 24 5.7 15 459 25 9.2 638 stenopetala 24 5.8 13 400 18 5.4 711 peregrina 21 2.9 5 264 28 5.6 458 drouhardii 29 5.0 11 388 14 8.7 745

• No stachyose or raﬃnose were detected in leaves • Low in oxalate (~25 mg/100g, only 5% of oxalate in spinach)

8 Slide 8 (RYY, 17-18 Jan 2012) High density planting and pruning enable convenient and continuous harvests of young shoots

9 Slide 9 (RYY, 17-18 Jan 2012) Slippery cabbage in the Solomons

Leafy greens in PNG

Nutrient-dense vegetables are vital to good health in developing countries.

Underinvestment in research means that they lack competitiveness and improved seed availability is an issue Around 1000 species of plants are known to have been used as vegetables and about 120 are commonly used for home consumption

1st Int. Conference on indigenous vegetables and legumes: Prospects for fighting poverty, hunger and malnutrition

ISHS 2007

Proc. Of the Int. Symp. On underutilized plants for food security, nutrition, income and sustainable development

ISHS 2009 We now need: Not a Green Revolution, but a Revolution with No. of accessions approx. 60,000 Greens! No. of species 435 No. of countries of origin 155

The world’s largest public sector collection of vegetable germplasm Performance and seed multiplication of amaranth in Indonesia and Philippines

Lembang

Cipanas

14 amaranth Garut lines tested alongside 2 control lines Towards greater awareness and better promotion Policy support research is vital:-

Greater and continuous efforts to promote healthy eating, improve nutritional literacy, and improve access to fruit and vegetables Increased availability of fruit and vegetables in rural and urban markets needed to encourage farmers, the private sector, and consumers to produce, distribute, and consume more diverse food Policy support for seed systems is needed now for both the public and private sectors

Slide 14 / 50 www.avrdc.org Achieving universal primary education (MDG 2): School garden programs

Opportunities: Linking with School Health, Feeding and Sanitation Programs

Living laboratory for children (and parents) Sales of vegetables to teachers and parents bring revenue and help educate the community Excess produce can be for school feeding programs

Philippines Gulayan sa Paaralan program now in 42,076 public schools

Public awareness, Promoting IVs: Oh My Gulay! Campaign in the Philippines

Home gardens – household nutrition in the hands of women

Demonstration home garden and a selection of recipes for India Michael S.Y. Yiin presenting AVRDC emergency relief seed funded by MOFA Taiwan to vice-president KU, Bangkok May 2011 Home gardens – household nutrition in the hands of women

Increasing knowledge on nutrition and cooking methods

19!

The 2nd International Symposium on Underutilised Plant Species Crops for the Future: Beyond Food Security 19 Improving the food value of the crop

Development of recipes to improve nutritional value, and extension through training programs

+ Climate change and environmental sustainability

Climate change and climatic events Degradation of agro-biological diversity Environmental stability/resilience Importance of diversity in cropping systems to buffer risks

www.avrdc.org AVRDC, Tainan

Ave Temp - AVRDC

26.0 Y= -64.944 + 0.045X, R2=0.49** (n=37) 25.5

25.0

24.5

24.0 avetempoC

23.5

23.0

22.5 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Year

Ave temp - TARI, Taichung (1985-2011) 3.90oC/100 years TARI, Taichung 25.50

25.00

24.50

24.00 avetempoC 23.50

23.00 Y= -53.15 + 0.039X, R2=0.39**, (n=26)

22.50 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year 31st AVRDC International Vegetable Training Course 2012 The World Vegetable Center @ 40

“Prosperity for the Poor and Health for All”