BCL 2006 Catalog
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Flexible Mating System in a Logged Population of Swietenia Macrophylla King (Meliaceae): Implications for the Management of a Threatened Neotropical Tree Species
Plant Ecol (2007) 192:169–179 DOI 10.1007/s11258-007-9322-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Flexible mating system in a logged population of Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae): implications for the management of a threatened neotropical tree species Maristerra R. Lemes Æ Dario Grattapaglia Æ James Grogan Æ John Proctor Æ Roge´rio Gribel Received: 21 February 2007 / Accepted: 22 May 2007 / Published online: 19 June 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Microsatellites were used to evaluate the crossed matings and that the remaining 6.75% had mating system of the remaining trees in a logged genotypes consistent with self-fertilisation. Apomixis population of Swietenia macrophylla, a highly valu- could be ruled out, since none of the 400 seedlings able and threatened hardwood species, in the Brazil- analysed had a multi-locus genotype identical to ian Amazon. A total of 25 open pollinated progeny its mother tree. The high estimate of the multi-locus arrays of 16 individuals, with their mother trees, were outcrossing rate (tm = 0.938 ± 0.009) using the mixed genotyped using eight highly polymorphic microsat- mating model also indicated that the population in ellite loci. Genotypic data analysis from the progeny this remnant stand of S. macrophylla was predomi- arrays showed that 373 out of the 400 seedlings nantly allogamous. The relatively large difference (93.25%) were unambiguously the result of out- between the multi-locus and single-locus outcrossing estimates (tmÀts = 0.117 ± 0.011) provides evidence that, in spite of the high outcrossing rate, a consid- & M. R. Lemes ( ) Á R. -
TREE RING CHARACTERISTICS of 30-YEAR-OLD SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA PLANTATION TREES Cheng-Jung Lin* Chih-Hsin Chung Chih-Lung Cho Te
TREE RING CHARACTERISTICS OF 30-YEAR-OLD SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA PLANTATION TREES Cheng-Jung Lin* Associate Researcher Department of Forest Utilization Taiwan Forestry Research Institute Taipei, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] Chih-Hsin Chung Assistant Researcher Department of Forest Management Taiwan Forestry Research Institute Taipei, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] Chih-Lung Cho Professor Department of Natural Resources National I-Lan University Ilan, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] Te-Hsin Yang Assistant Professor Department of Forestry College of Nature Resource and Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] (Received October 2011) Abstract. Ring characteristics of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla K.) plantation trees grown in Taiwan were explored. Significant differences in average ring width (RW) and ring density (RD) occurred among three tree-diameter classes and three radial stages of ring numbers. RW in the radial direction decreased from the pith outward to the bark and followed a distinctive three-stage variation pattern (juvenile, transition, and mature zones). RD in the radial direction increased slowly from the pith outward to the bark. Wider tree rings and lower density are associated with juvenile wood close to the pith, whereas narrower tree rings and higher density are typical for mature wood outward toward the bark. RD in overtopped trees was higher than that in dominant trees. However, RW in dominant trees was wider than that in intermediate and overtopped trees. Earlywood density, latewood density, maximum density, and minimum density were the most important factors determining overall RD. There was a weak relationship between RW and RD, indicating that it is unlikely for growth rates of mahogany plantation trees to have a significant impact on wood density. -
Chemometric Differentiation of Dipterocarpaceae Wood Species Based on Colorimetric Measurements
Philippine Journal of Science 148 (3): 473-480, September 2019 ISSN 0031 - 7683 Date Received: 22 Feb 2019 Chemometric Differentiation of Dipterocarpaceae Wood Species Based on Colorimetric Measurements Monica Gibe1, Justine M. Kalaw2, Willie P. Abasolo1, and Fortunato Sevilla III2,3* 1College of Forestry and Natural Resources University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines 2Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines 3Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines The international trade of illegal timber often involves the misdeclaration of the wood species. A simple and reliable means for the differentiation of wood species could contribute to the control of this fraud. In this study, eight (8) commercially important and endangered dipterocarp timber wood species and mahogany were differentiated through colorimetric measurements carried out on hot water and ethanol extracts from the samples. Colorimetric measurements were done using a fabricated colorimeter that measured the absorption of blue, green, and red radiation. Chemometric analysis of the colorimetric data using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed clustering, which enabled an efficient differentiation of the wood species. Keywords: Dipterocarps, optical absorption, pattern recognition, wood extractives, wood species differentiation INTRODUCTION Several techniques have been applied for the determination of wood identity. Presently, the most frequently used The development of rapid and accurate methods for the method for timber identification is the visual analysis differentiation of wood species presents a challenge. A of the wood’s anatomical features. This technique is need has been expressed for methodologies that can be capable of identification to the genus level only, but applied for the definitive identification of illegally cut often information on the species level is needed (Gasson logs (Dormontt et al. -
MAHOGANY TYPES South American Mahogany. ( Swietenia
MAHOGANY TYPES South American Mahogany. ( Swietenia Macrophylla) the 'top of the range' of all the Mahoganies( both as to be qualities and price). The classic characteristics of this timber are its stability and durability along with its world renowned beauty and versatility. One well recognised feature is the way in which this timber gradually darkens in colour on exposure from a red / brown colour to a rich dark red . Density : 540 kg/m3 or 34 pounds / cubic foot. African Mahogany (Khaya Ivorensis) is considered by some to be more attractive in grain structure to South American Mahogany. This is because the grain patterns of African Mahogany can vary so widely, particularly in the backsawn face. Some people prefer the startling ribbon grain appearance of quarter sawn Mahogany. The colour of this timber varies from gold through brown to red / brown. African Mahogany is more available and less expensive than South American Mahogany. Density : 540kg / m3 or 34 pounds / cubic foot. Plantation Mahogany ( Grown in Fiji) (Swietenia Macrophylla) this timber is the product of commercial plantations of the South American tree grown in Fiji. Because the timber is grown in managed plantations, branch trimmings cause a birdseye like effect on the face of the boards. Generally speaking, the characteristics are similar to the South American species described above. However the plantations lack the maturity of the South American product. One outcome is a recognisable difference in stability. Density : 540 kg / m3 or 34 pounds / cubic foot. Eastern Mahogany (Chukrassia Tabularis) this member of Mahogany family originates from Malaysia. In its colouring it more closely resembles a Walnut. -
FSC Public Search
CERTIFICATE Information from 2018/08/28 - 14:26 UTC Certificate Code CU-COC-816023 License Code FSC-C102167 MAIN ADDRESS Name Timber Link International Ltd. Address The Timber Office,Hazelwood Cottage,Maidstone Road,Hadlow Tonbridge TN11 0JH Kent UNITED KINGDOM Website http://www.timberlinkinternational.com CERTIFICATE DATA Status Valid First Issue Date 2010-10-16 Last Issue Date 2017-01-12 Expiry Date 2022-01-11 Standard FSC-STD-40-004 V3-0 GROUP MEMBER/SITES No group member/sites found. PRODUCTS Product Trade Species Primary Secondary Main Type Name Activity Activity Output Category W5 Solid Acer spp.; Alnus rubra var. pinnatisecta Starker; Alnus brokers/traders FSC wood serrulata; Apuleia leiocarpa; Betula spp.; Castanea sativa without physical Mix;FSC (sawn, P.Mill.; Cedrela odorata; Cedrus libani A. Rich.; Chlorocardium posession 100% chipped, rodiei (R.Schomb.) R.R.W.; Cylicodiscus gabunensis (Taub.) peeled) Harms; Dicorynia guianensis Amsh., D. paraensis Benth.; W5.2 Solid Dipterocarpus spp; Dipteryx odorata; Dryobalanops spp.; wood Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hook.f.; Entandrophragma cylindricum; boards Entandrophragma spp.; Entandrophragma utile; Eucalyptus spp; Fagus sylvatica L.; Fraxinus excelsior; Fraxinus americana; Gonystylus bancanus; Guibourtia spp.; Hymenaea courbaril; Intsia bijuga; Juglans nigra L.; Juglans regia L.; Khaya spp.; Larix sibirica; Liriodendron tulipifera L.; Lophira alata; Manilkara bidentata (A.DC.) A.Chev.; Microberlinia spp.; Milicia excelsa; Millettia laurentii; Nauclea diderrichii; Parashorea spp. (Urat mata, white seraya, gerutu); Peltogyne spp.*; Pinus rigida; Platanus occidentalis L; Prunus avium; Prunus serotina Ehrh.; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pterocarpus soyauxii; Quercus alba; Quercus petraea; Quercus robur; Robinia pseudoacacia L.; Shorea balangeran; Shorea laevis Ridl.; Shorea spp.; Swietenia macrophylla; Tabebuia spp.; Tectona grandis; Terminalia ivorensis A. -
Fplgtr113.Pdf
Abstract Summarizes information on wood as an engineering material. Presents properties of wood and wood-based products of particular concern to the architect and engineer. Includes discussion of designing with wood and wood-based products along with some pertinent uses. Keywords: wood structure, physical properties (wood), mechanical properties (wood), lumber, wood-based composites, plywood, panel products, design, fastenings, wood moisture, drying, gluing, fire resistance, finishing, decay, sandwich construction, preservation, and wood- based products On the cover: (Left to right, top to bottom) 1. Research at the Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, contributes to maximizing benefits of the Nation’s timber resource. 2. Testing the behavior of wood in fire helps enhance fire safety. 3. The all-wood, 162-m (530-ft ) clear-span Tacoma Dome exemplifies the structural and esthetic potential of wood construction (photo courtesy of Western Wood Structures, Inc., Tualatin, Oregon). 4. Bending tests are commonly used to determine the engineering properties of wood. 5. Engineered wood trusses exemplify research that has led to more efficient use of wood. 6. The Teal River stress-laminated deck bridge is March 1999 located in Sawyer County, Wisconsin. 7. Kiln drying of wood is an important procedure Forest Products Laboratory. 1999. Wood handbook—Wood as an during lumber manufacturing. engineering material. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL–GTR–113. Madison, WI: 8. Legging adhesive (photo courtesy of Air Products U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown Pennsylvania). Laboratory. 463 p. Adhesive bonding is a critical component in the A limited number of free copies of this publication are available to the performance of many wood products. -
Swietenia Macrophylla Meliaceae King
Swietenia macrophylla King Meliaceae mahogany LOCAL NAMES Bengali (bara mahauni,bara-mahagoni,mahagni); Dutch (mahonie,mahok); English (Dominican mahogany,bastard mahogany,big- leaf mahogany,Brazilian mahogany tree,Colombian mahogany tree,Honduras mahogany,large-leaved mahogany,Mexican mahogany tree,West Indian mahogany,Spanish mahogany,mahogany,Peruvian mahogany tree); French (acajou du Venezuela,acajou étranger,acajou du Honduras); German (Echtes mahagoni); Italian (mogano); Malay (cheria mahogany); Portuguese (mogno); Spanish (caoba de Santo,domingo,Caoba de Honduras,caoba del Atlántico,caoba Forest giant escaping extraction from hondureña,zopilozontecomacuahuitl,caoba); Trade name (mahogany) loggers near Maraba, Brazil. (Anthony Simons) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Swietenia macrophylla is a very large tree, reaching a height of 30-40 m and a girth of 3-4 m; in favourable conditions it can reach 60 m high and 9 m girth. Trunk straight, cylindrical, with a buttressed base; bark rough, flaking off in small patches. Leaves paripinnate, up to 60 cm long; leaflets 6-16, ovate, lanceolate, acuminate, slightly oblique, light green or reddish when young, dark green and shining when mature, up to 20 cm long, with 8-12 pale, secondary nerves. Trees grown in mixed agroforest plot in Davao, Philippines (Anthony Simons) Flowers 8 mm across, in narrow supra-axillary panicles about 8-13 cm long and fragrant; petals greenish-white, oblong, 4 mm long, rigidly pointed. Fruit a woody capsule resembling a large inverted club, about 12.5 x 7.5 cm, erect. ‘Swietenia’ commemorates Gerard von Swieten (1700-1772), botanist and physician to Maria Theresa of Austria. The specific name, ‘macrophylla’, means large leaved and comes from Greek words ‘makros’ (large) and ‘phyllon’ (leaf). -
NRDC Fact Sheet: Amazon Mahogany
Facts Forest If you don’t buy African ivory, why would you buy Amazon mahogany? www.savebiogems.org/ With American consumers clamoring for the rich hues of mahogany tahuamanu/ Or contact: furniture, the demand for the wood has soared along with prices—driving Ari Hershowitz (202) 289-2388 the illegal trade of these majestic trees from Peru to the United States. In Ani Youatt (202) 289-2368 addition to breaking the law, the effects of this illegal activity abroad are June 2006 disastrous: Indigenous communities that rely on the forest are losing their © Natural Resources Defense Council homes, rare and endangered species such as the jaguar are losing their habitat, and if the illegal logging doesn’t stop, the mahogany tree will be commercially extinct before 2016. What We Are Doing to Stop Illegal Logging What You Can Do to Stop Illegal Logging Peru’s mahogany exports violate U.S., Peruvian, Millions of dollars worth of Peruvian mahogany and international law, according to a lawsuit against enters U.S. ports in violation of domestic and importers and U.S. agencies being fi led by native international laws. As the largest importer of groups and NRDC. Following the path of ivory, in mahogany, the United States has a responsibility 2003, mahogany was listed on the Convention on to ensure that the trade in mahogany is legal and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) as a species sustainable. U.S. buyers also have a responsibility in need of strict regulation to prevent its extinction. to ensure that they do not purchase tainted wood. -
WRA Species Report
Family: Meliaceae Taxon: Swietenia macrophylla Synonym: Swietenia candollei Pittier Common Name: Honduras mahogany mahogany Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: EVALUATE Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: HPWRA OrgData WRA Score 4 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for -
Suicknia Macrophylla Uric
MAIVICGANY (Suicknia macrophylla Uric) November 1939 uRiv, ION RE _WED AND REAFF1:.:ED 1965 No. 2167 NO1110111n111111n11111.0.- UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST 'PRODUCTS LABORATORY MAON 5, WISCONSIN Cooperation with the University of Wisconsin MAHOGANY Swietenia E221221alla King Meliaceae By B. FRANCIS KUKACHKA Forest Products Technologist Forest Products Laboratory- I — Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Introduction Mahogany has long been used as a standard of comparison for other fine woods, and an indication of the esteem in which the true mahoganies are held in the woodworking field throughout the world is evident by the scores of timbers that have been called mahogany. The many and varied uses for this wood stem from the fact that it combines such desirable characteristics as attractive appearance, good dimensional stability, ease of working with both hand and machine tools, excellent finishing qualities, and a high degree of natural durability. Species At the present.time, three distinct species of mahogany are recognized and, on the basis of their distribution, can be assigned distinctive ranges. Swietenia piallozoni Jacq. is found in the West Indies and southern Florida; Swietenia humilis Zucc. occurs in dry areas along the Pacific Coast from southwestern Mexico to Costa Rica; and Swietenia macrophylla King exists in regions of abundant rainfall from southern Mexico, through Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, the Amazon Basin, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia. Other species that have been described by botanists are Swietenia cirrhata Blake, which is now regarded as a synonym of Swietenia humilis; and Swietenia candollei Pittier, Swietenia tessmannii Harms, and Swietenia Krukovii Gleason and Panshin, all of which are synonymous with Swietenia macrophylla. -
Exterior Species Douglas Fir Sapele True Or Genuine Mahogany Teak Wood Species
Wood Species Exterior Species There are over 100,000 species of wood. Many are indigenous to specific regions while others are found throughout the globe. The one element common to all wood is that every species is comprised of 60% cellulose and 28% lignin. The other 12% is made up of individual consistencies and colors. These attributes determine the best use and application for the lumber produced from a particular tree. Quantum has developed specific guidelines designating wood for interior and exterior applications. With few exceptions, the exterior woods that Quantum recommends are hardwoods with the ability to accept finishes, resist moisture, and exhibit other characteristics that promote durability. Structural integrity begins with wood strength, a combination of density (measured by specific gravity), compressive strength, bending strength, stiffness and hardness. The list below reflects the more popular species used for exterior applications. Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii – First documented on Vancouver Island in 1791. Douglas Fir is one of the most important woods used in construction. Although a softwood, it is known for its stiffness and strength. Quantum uses only Clear Vertical Grain regardless of finish or application. CVG provides the best stability, most consistent grain, color and long term durability. True or Genuine Swietenia macrophylla – Grown in Southern Mexico to central South America. Much of the Mahogany species referred to as Genuine Mahogany are currently plantation grown in select regions of the world. Mahogany coloring varies from pinkish brown to darker reddish brown that tends to darken with age. Excellent stability and beautiful grain. Sapele Entandrophragma cylindricum - From Central and West Africa. -
Redalyc.Evaluation of Chemical Compositions, Air-Dry, Preservation
Madera y Bosques ISSN: 1405-0471 [email protected] Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México Moya, Róger; Salas, Cynthia; Berrocal, Alexander; Valverde, Juan Carlos Evaluation of chemical compositions, air-dry, preservation and workability of eight fastgrowing plantation species in Costa Rica Madera y Bosques, vol. 21, 2015, pp. 31-47 Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=61743003003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Madera y Bosques vol. 21, núm. especial: 31-47 2015 Evaluation of chemical compositions, air-dry, preservation and workability of eight fastgrowing plantation species in Costa Rica Evaluación de la composición química, secado al aire, preservación y traba- jabilidad de ocho especies de rápido crecimiento en plantación de Costa Rica Róger Moya1, *, Cynthia Salas1, Alexander Berrocal1 y Juan Carlos Valverde1 1 Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Instituto Tecnológico * Corresponding author: [email protected] de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica. ABSTRACT Costa Rica has successfully planted various forestry species for wood production. However, the use of their wood is limited, due to poor knowledge about their chemical properties, air-dry, preserved and workability performance. The present study details information of these properties for the species: Alnus acuminata (Aa), Acacia mangium (Am), Bombacopsis quinata (Bq), Cupressus lusitanica (Cl), Swietenia macrophylla (Sm), Terminalia amazonia (Ta), Terminalia oblonga (To) and Vochysia guatemalensis (Vg). Among the results obtained, it was found that the wood of these species is in general slightly acidic, except Bq, which presented tendency to be basic.