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Eeis,E Tzcout 6 Re The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan "ec VENUS (Jap. Jour. Malac.) Vol. 49, No. 1 (19901}:45-53 fi v if' i F} 3 llENoJE;ue ･ tsme t ERifi eeO ee is,E tzc ou t 6 re "n bl 3 ff,i N ,de.-, EIEF Further Studies on the Strueture of Osphradiurn in Three Subfamilies of Natieidae with Reference to their MorphologsT and Eeology / Toyohide MAEDA (Laboratory of Sea-Farming, Tokyo UniveTsity of Fisheries, 4-5-7, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108) Abstract: The numbers of leaflets and structure of the osphradium of 20 species of three subfamilies of Natiaidae, viz. Natieinae, Polinieinae and Sininae, were examined in relation to shel] form and size. The numbers of ]eaflets in the Polinicinae is eonsistent]y small (50-80) throughout a varied range of sizes of animal (10-60mm in shell length). All of the Polinieinae under examination except Lunatia are hemispherieal in shell shape and have strueturally eomp]ieated osphTadium. The Natieinae are spherical in she]1 shape and have an osphradium of simpler strueture with numbers of leafiets seemingly increasing with shell size, In Crypto7zatica wakkanaiensis the numbers of the leaflet are most numerous attaining up to 170, Lunatia has the shell of spherical form and pessesses the simple osphradium with about 50 leaflets. This may mean Ltmatia stands a transitional situation between the Naticinae and the Polinieinae. Sinu?n･ o'avaniettm has a depressed shell and complieated structure with 50 leaflets, Complicated osphradium is consistently found in speeies which bury deep in the substratum, while simpler one is common among speeies which either remain shallowly buried or creep on the sand. It is thus suggested that the structural complexity of this organ within the Naticidae is related tQ the mode of life, particularly degree or depth of burrowing into the soft substratum. Introduction Maeda (1983, 1986, 1988, 1989) described structures of osphradia in re- lation to the differenees in shell form, soft bodies as well as in habitat among the prosobranch family Naticidae. In these papers only 7 species were treated, 1 The present investigation on the numbers of ]eaflets and the morphology of NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society ofJapanof Japan 46 VENUS: Vol. 49, No.1(1990) the osphradium was extended over more speeies of the same family in order to eorroborate the previous results and to throw the new light on eeological and evolutional bearings of osphradian struetures. Materials and Methods The present materials consist of 20 species of three subfamilies, viz. 'the Naticinae (7 species), Polinicinae (12 speeies) and Sininae (1 speeies) of family Natieidae: Natieinae: Cryptonatiea o'anthostomoides (Kuroda & Habe, 1941) C. ctausiformis (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829) C. zenr-yumaruae Habe & Ito, 1976 C. o'anthosthoma (Deshayes, 1841) C. tvakhanaiensis Habe & Ito, 1976 C. russa (Gould, 1859) C. hirasei (Pilsbry, 1905) Polinicinae: Lunatia foTtunei (Reev6, 1865) L. pli$ipara Kuroda, 1961 L. pila (Pislbry, 1911) Polinices mellosms (Hedley, 1924) P. tzamidus (Swainson, 1840) Table 1.. Locality,habitat and shell size of examinedT.se.ecies, -. Species N Locality Habitat*Length × width Lunatia Pila 11l19533311196226814621Akkeshi s 3,5 × 3,5 L. PlicisPira Cape Soya s 2,2 × 2.1 L. fortunei Ariake Bay M 2.8 × 2.8 Pblinices mellosus Philippines s 2.0x2,6 PL tumidus Philippines sM+S 2.1× 2.2 P. sagemiensis Mikawa Bay 3. 5 × 4, 1 R vestitus Mikawa Bay s 3.5 × 4,5 Mlammiila oPaca Philippines s 2.2× 2.6 M. mihawaensis Mikawa Bay s Glossaulax reiniana Mikawa Bay s 4. 5 × 4, 1 G. didyma Mikawa Bay s 4.5 × 5,5 G. vesicalis Mikawa Bay s 3,5 × 4,2 CrNPtonatica janthostomoides Ch6shiWakkanai s 3,6 × 3.7 C. etausijbrmis s 2,4x2.4 C. xenryumaruae KushiroHakodate sM+S 5,OX4,5 C. russa 4,5 × 4,5 C. wakkanaiensis Wakkanai s 7.0× 6,9 C. hirasei Kushiro s L7 × L7 C. jonthostoma KushiroMikawa s 4.8 × 4.7 Sinum tiavanicum Bay s * M:mud;S:sand NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society ofJapanof Japan Maeda: Further Studies on Naticid Osphradium 47 A sagamiensis (?ilsbry, 1904J P. vestitus Kuroda, 1961 Mammilla opaca (Lamarck, 1816) M. mikawaensis Azuma, 1961 Gtossaulas didyma (R6ding, 1798) G. ren'niana (Dunker, 1877) G. vesicatas (Philippi, 1894) Sininae: Sinum jovanicum (Grirnth & Pidgeon, 1894) Shell length and width were measured with calipers after a careful observa- tion of the shell rnorphology. The she]1 was then crushed to open and the soft body was removed and fixed in a 10% neutral formalin. Dissection and preliminary observations of the osphradium were carried out under a dissecting microseope. Osphradia were ]ater dehydrated in ascending alcehol series, ernbedded in Paraplast, and sectioned and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Mean number of leaflebs was counted and standard deviation was calculated except in cases where number of specimens was Iess than three per species. Number of species examined, locality, size (shell width and length) and shell form are shown in Table 1. Table 2, Morphology of osphradium and shell forrn of Naticidae examined. of Species Type*Numbers osphradial leafietsStructure**Shellform*** Lunatia Pita llllll[llllllllll[llullllllllullllfi54,6 ± 5.1 sssccCcCCCCCssssssss L. PticisPira 51, 554, sp L. fbrtunei O66. } Pbtinices metXosus 2± 3, 7 P. tumidus 66,4 ± 6,4 P. sagnmiensis 65,354. lHS R vestitus 780. Mammilla oPaca 156. ML mihawaensis 045, f Glossaulax reniana O73.9 spHS G. didyma ± 6.7 G. vesicatis 65.8± 4.2 } CrsPtonatica 1'anthostomoides 109.4± 9,2 C. clausinrmis 79. 8± Z3 C. 2enryzamaruae 96.4± 6.8 C. russa 85,O146, sp C. wakkanaiensis 7 ± 16. 4 C. hirasei 59. 0 ± 7, 1 C. janthostoma 85,O D Sinum iavanicum 55,O "simple "cornplicated"; **** *' Type adepted by Maeda ; S denotes and C, L "depressed",(1988) "hemispherical" D indicates HS, and SP,ttlcspherical". NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan 48 VENUS: Vol. 49, No. 1 (1990) 50 1OO 150 Lunatiapila L.Pticis'pita L.fortunei e Potinicestnetlt)sus it' l'.t"mid"s -.-4F. P-sagamiensis 7]g P.vestitu.s lee Mammiltaopaca I e M.mikawaensis e Glos.sa"taxreiniana e (i.didyin(t + G'.vesicati,s' . Cryptonaticayanthosromvides C.ctausiformis ]1 ' 1 c.renry"maruae l1 C,r"ssa l1 e C.wakkanaiensis I ' C.hirasei C.janfhostoma e Sin"mjavanicum e Fig. 1. Number of osphradial Ieaflets by species. ptlcliggstXdheeX diegem Horizontal bars indicate the range of variabilities, Circles show the mean value, otherwise real count when less than 3 specirnens were available. Results Shells of al! species of the Polinicinae except Lunatia are hemispherical. The shell of both L. rortunei and L. ptla is like a viviparid. The Natieinae have a spherieal, while the Sininae have a depressed shell, Marked differences in leaflet numbers are observed between the Polinicinae and the Naticinae. Leaflet numbers are about 50 for Lunatia, 60-70 for Polinices, and 70-80 for both Mammilla and Glossaulax (Fig. 1). It can be seen that leafiet numbers of the Polinicinae consistently fall within a narrow range between 50 and 80 for shell width of 10-60mm regardless by species (Fig. 2). On the contrary, the number of leafiets of 7 species of the Naticinae greatly varied from 50 to 170, even though among a single genus Crytonuttica. C. hirasei has the lowest number of ]eaflets (50) for shell width of 15-20mm, while the largest number of leaflets (about 170) are found in C. waichauaiensis (Fig. 3). The NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan Maeda: Further Studies on Naticid Osphradium 49 number of leafiets in the Naticinae seems to increase with shell size almest in a linear fashion (Fig. 3). Sintem 2'avanicum, the only species ef the Sininae under examination presents about 50 leafiets. Histo]ogical observations on sectioned specimens of the osphradia revealed that simple structure is found in Lunatia fortunei and L. plieisptra (Pl. 1, fig. 1) while more complicated one in L. ptla. All other Polinicinae pessess osphradia with complicated structure. This can be notably seen in P. tumidus (Pl. 1, fig. 5) and P. mellosus (PL 1, fig. 4) despite their small shell width (abeut 20mm). Structurally, Mamwitla (PL 1, fig. 6) and Glossaulax are the most eomplex. Sueh comp]ieated structure is also observed in the Sininae, while all Naticinae examined have a relatively simple structure (Pl. 1, figs. 2, 3). Discussion There may be two ways of improving the olfactory function among Gastro- poda. One is through an increase in the number of sensory eells and the other m-o=ero- 100 -N--vcaL=acoo MammiUat'-s ' " t.`.,.fog)/i'v"`lillii v ' ,,..,.. 5 50 ts--=. l!!)cl' potinices:N.l'kLss).:..I!..).:.:-:tS'!:'l Lunatia 9oDE=z ' -t ttt t t t ' o lo 2o 3o 4e so 6o 7o Shell width (mm) Fig. 2. Relation between shell width and numbers of osphradial leaflets in the Polinicinae. F q ij'ldiI:･ftctstl]'6ueas8ggeXtixeeXomaes e L"natia Pila; Li Mitmmila oPaca; A M. mihawaensis; O Pblinices tumidus; @ P. mellosus; V GIossaulax vesicalis; - G. didyma NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society ofJapanof Japan 50 VENUS:Vol.49, No. 1 (1990) 200 '-. sN --Xx t N x tl- ' 1 50co- 1 -l l ! xl ¢ ! =er2-esb-N10O=a8 vv × 1 1 1 vv l 1 IZv9VV7vvve 111 1 VOl l e o/ x e z !l-- 1xe AY -o l e t - 1A -- t - 9 5oODE=z TA /- N .t N t---p O 10 20 30 40 5D 60 7D 80 Shell length (mm) Fig. 3. Relation between shell length and numbers of osphradial leaflets in Cr)ptonatica. CrJ¢ )tonatica MOpt a' t Outft k wawt234liecX t O ma es V Cr)f,tonatica 1'anthostomoides; e C.
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