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A New Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 from the Chindwin Basin of Manipur, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae)

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A New Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 from the Chindwin Basin of Manipur, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Zoology Volume 2012, Article ID 325064, 6 pages doi:10.5402/2012/325064 Research Article A New Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 from the Chindwin Basin of Manipur, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) Bungdon Shangningam and Waikhom Vishwanath Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Manipur, Canchipur 795003, India Correspondence should be addressed to Waikhom Vishwanath, [email protected] Received 18 November 2011; Accepted 14 December 2011 Academic Editors: M. Cucco, J. Gautrais, and L. Kaczmarek Copyright © 2012 B. Shangningam and W. Vishwanath. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Garra namyaensis sp. nov., a new cyprinid fish, is described from the Chindwin River basin in Manipur, India. It is distinguished from its congeners in having a unique combination of the following characters: smoothly rounded snout tip with a prominent rostral lobe, chest and abdominal region with scales, dorsal fin with a black band near the posterior margin, and caudal fin with a distinct W-shaped black band. 1. Introduction disc is reported by Zhang et al. [4]. Fin rays and numbers of scales were counted under a stereo-zoom transmitted light Fishes of the genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 are characteristic microscope. Lateral line scale is counted from the anterior- in having a more or less well-developed suctorial disc on most pored scale in contact with the shoulder girdle to the the undersurface just behind the mouth. These fishes inhabit last posteriormost pored scale on the caudal fin. Transverse- rapid running waters and maintain themselves against swift scale rows above the lateral line are counted from the dorsal- currents by clinging to the substratum, mainly by means fin origin to lateral line obliquely ventrad and caudad, and of their suctorial disc but also by the horizontally placed those below lateral line, from the pelvic-fin origin obliquely paired fins, especially the pectorals [1]. The genus is widely dorsad and rostrad to lateral line. Osteological structures distributed from Southern China, across Southeast Asia, were observed in a cleared and alizarin-stained specimen. India, and the Middle East to Northern and Central Africa Vertebral counts follow Roberts [5], and scale counts follow [2]. There are more than 170 nominal species of Garra [3]. Kottelat [6]. Morphometric measurement data are given Recent collection of freshwater fishes from the Namya in percentages of standard length (SL), head length (HL), River of Ukhrul district, Manipur, Chindwin basin, included pelvic-anal distance, and head and caudal peduncle depth. an undescribed species of Garra, which is described herein as Specimens examined for the study are deposited in the Garra namaensis sp. nov. Manipur University Museum of Fishes (MUMF). 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Taxonomy The description is based on formalin-preserved specimens. Garra namyaensis sp. nov. (Figure 1) Counts, measurements, and terminology follow Kullander and Fang [2], and that of head depth follows Menon [1]. 2.1.1. Type Material Measurements were taken point to point with dial calliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. The number in round brackets of Holotype. India, Manipur state, Ukhrul district, Namya parentheses after a specific count indicates the number of River, close to Indo-Myanmar border, 72.5 mm SL; 24◦52N specimens examined. Terminology used for description of 94◦39E; Shangningam et al., 18.IV.2011 (MUMF 12042). 2 ISRN Zoology 1 23 Figure 1: Garra namaensis, new species, holotype: (1) side view; (2) side view of snout showing rostral lobe; (3) mental disc. Paratypes. 4 spec. same data as holotype, 28.1–53.9 mm 2.1.4. Description. Morphometric data of the holotype and SL (MUMF 12041,12043, 12044, 12045), one paratype four paratypes are given in Table 1. Body elongate, cylindrical (30.0 mm SL) dissected for osteology. anteriorly, gradually compressed behind dorsal fin base, body depth almost uniform. Dorsal profile of body slightly Comparative Material convex from tip of the supraoccipital process to dorsal fin origin. Dorsal-fin base almost straight, slightly sloping Garra abhoyai. MUMF 6296–6305, 10 spec. 49.3–54.90 mm posteroventrally. Profile from posterior end of dorsal-fin base SL; India: Manipur, Phungdhar, Iril River. to caudal fin base slightly concave. Ventral profile of body slightly convex from pectoral to pelvic fin origin, straight G. lissorhynchus. MUMF 4163–4166, 4 spec. 58.0–91.5 mm from pelvic to anal-fin origin. Anal-fin base nearly straight, SL; India: Manipur: Tamenglong district, Noney, Iyei River. posterior dorsally inclined. Head moderately large, depressed with a slightly convex interorbital space; height less than its length, width greater than height. Snout broadly rounded G. manipurensis. MUMF 4160–4162, 3 spec. 44.0–70.0 mm with minute tubercles. Rostral lobe well-developed with SL; India: Manipur: Tamenglong district, Noney, Iyei River. tubercles 10(4)–11(1) in patch anterodorsal to the base of anterior barbels in about three irregular rows. Tubercles G. nambulica. MUMF 8004–8008, 5 spec. 53.8–76.2 mm SL; dense and pointed. Eyes placed dorsolaterally in the posterior India: Manipur: Conchak Lok stream of Nambul River. half of head. Two pairs of barbels: rostral: located anterolaterally, as G. paralissorhynchus. MUMF 5103–5106, 4 spec. 53.7– long as eye diameter; maxillary: at the corner of mouth, 63.4 mm SL; India: Manipur: Churachandpur district, Khuga shorter than rostral; anterior barbels short, extending to River. margin of rostral cap. Rostral cap well-developed; curved ventrally and connected with lower lip at the corners of 2.1.2. Etymology. The species is named after its type locality: mouth (Figure 1(2)). Upper jaw entirely covered by rostral Namya River. cap. Lower lip modified into a mental adhesive disc. Disc elliptical, shorter than its width and narrower than head 2.1.3. Diagnosis. A small species of Garra with smoothly width through roots of maxillary barbels; anterior margin rounded snout tip, prominent triangular-shaped rostral lobe modified to form a transverse, fleshy, and crescentic skin with 10-11 strong, conical tubercles; proboscis and trans- fold covered by numerous tiny papillae; anteriorly separated verse groove absent; predorsal region, chest and abdomen from lower jaw by a groove running along lower jaw scaled; two pairs of barbels, lateral line scales 31, circum- and posteriorly, from the central callous pad by a groove. peduncular scales 14. Transverse-scale rows 3.5/1/3.5. Gill Lateral and posterior margins of the disc surrounding rakers are nine. Total number of vertebrae is 32. Dorsal fin central callous pad papillate and free; posteriormost margin with broad black band is near the posterior margin and a extending a little beyond vertical from anterior margin of eye distinct W-shaped broad black band in caudal fin. (Figure 1(3)). ISRN Zoology 3 Table 1: Morphometric data of holotype and paratypes for Garra namyaensis sp. nov. (holotype and four paratypes). Holotype MUMF Range Mean SD 12O42 Standard length (mm) 72.5 28.1–72.5 Percentage of standard length Body depth 19.0 19.0–21.0 20.0 0.8 Head length 22.6 20.0–25.0 24.3 1.0 Head depth 15.2 14.0–16.3 15.2 1.0 Head width 18.0 17.0–20.0 19.0 1.3 Dorsal fin length 21.0 21.0–23.1 23.1 1.8 Pectoral fin length 23.0 23.0–25.0 24.0 0.8 Pelvic fin length 19.0 18.3–20.0 19.0 0.6 Anal fin length 19.4 17.4–21.0 20.0 1.3 Length of caudal 15.0 13.0–15.2 14.0 1.0 peduncle Depth of caudal 13.0 13.0–15.0 13.4 1.1 peduncle Predorsal length 50.3 50.0–53.0 51.0 1.2 Prepectoral length 20.3 19.3–21.4 20.5 0.8 Prepelvic length 55.0 55.0–61.0 57.4 2.4 Preanal length 79.0 79.0–85.3 81.3 2.7 Percentage of head length Head depth 67.0 54.3–83.0 66.0 10.7 Snout length 51.0 46.0–61.0 51.4 5.8 Eye diameter 15.0 15.0–25.4 19.0 4.1 Interorbital width 49.0 45.0–63.0 50.0 7.3 Disc length 34.0 34.0–44.0 39.0 4.7 Disc width 53.0 44.3–56.0 52.0 4.4 Callous pad length 23.2 21.1–34.0 25.3 5.0 Callous pad width 33.0 27.2–44.1 34.6 6.1 Percentage of head depth Head width 118.2 118.2–126.2 122.2 3.0 Body depth 125.0 120.4–145.0 131.0 9.3 Percentage of pelvic-anal distance Anal-Vent distance 33.1 28.0–33.3 30.3 3.8 Percentage of caudal peduncle depth Caudal peduncle length 112.0 93.0–115.2 104 9.6 Dorsal fin with ii, 6.5(5) rays, inserted anterior to pelvic 4.5 rays, distal margin slightly concave, posterior end of anal- fin, highest point of the body at dorsal fin origin, first fin not reaching of caudal fin base extends to mid of caudal branched ray longest, posterior end at same level with that peduncle, distance of anal-fin origin to caudal-fin base equal of pelvic, posterior margin of dorsal fin straight. Pectoral to or slightly smaller than that of anal-fin origin to pelvic- and pelvic fins extending horizontally.
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