Report, on A: Trip to Marcus Island with Notes on the Birds
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Seabirds in the Stomach Contents of Black Rats Rattus Rattus on Higashijima, the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan
Yabe et al.: Seabirds in stomachs of Black Rats 293 SEABIRDS IN THE STOMACH CONTENTS OF BLACK RATS RATTUS RATTUS ON HIGASHIJIMA, THE OGASAWARA (BONIN) ISLANDS, JAPAN TATSUO YABE1,2, TAKUMA HASHIMOTO3, MASAAKI TAKIGUCHI3, MASANARI AOKI3 & KAZUTO KAWAKAMI4 1Rat Control Consulting, 1380–6 Fukuda, Yamato, Kanagawa, 242-0024, Japan ([email protected]) 2Tropical Rat Control Committee, c/o Overseas Agricultural Development Association, 8-10-32 Akasaka, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 107-0052, Japan 3Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-10-10 Shitaya, Taito-Ku, Tokyo, 110-8676, Japan 4Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan Received 11 September 2008, accepted 7 July 2009 Eradication programs for invasive rodents have accelerated since On Higashijima, Ogasawara Islands, rats are threatening the island pioneering efforts by New Zealand biologists in the 1970s to species. Seabirds such as Bulwer’s Petrels Bulweria bulwerii conserve not only seabird populations but also island ecosystems and Tristram’s Storm-Petrels are threatened by Black Rats. Ten (Howald et al. 2007, Rauzon 2007). In Japan, Black Rat Rattus carcasses of Bulwer’s Petrels were found for the first time on the rattus eradication programs have been carried out recently in the island in July 2005 (K. Horikoshi pers. comm.). Pictures taken Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands (Hashimoto 2009, Makino 2009). The during the period between June and October 2006 with automatic Ogasawara Islands are known to be a sanctuary for birds, including cameras (and the amount of rat tooth marks on bones) suggested several indigenous or endangered species such as Columba janthina that Black Rats preyed on more than 1000 Bulwer’s Petrels and their nitens, Apalopteron familiare, Tristram’s Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma eggs, and that they also ate Tristram’s Storm-Petrels (Horikoshi et tristrami, Matsudaira’s Storm-Petrel O. -
Ogasawara) Archipelago, Japan, and Its Identification Using Molecular Sequences from a Herbarium Specimen Collected More Than 100 Years Ago
ISSN 1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 70 (3): 149–158 (2019) doi: 10.18942/apg.201901 Rediscovery of Liparis hostifolia (Orchidaceae) on Minami-iwo-to Island in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Archipelago, Japan, and its Identification Using Molecular Sequences from a Herbarium Specimen Collected more than 100 Years Ago 1,† 2,† 3 4 Koji TaKayama , Chie TsuTsumi , Dairo KawaguChi , hiDeToshi KaTo anD 2,* Tomohisa yuKawa 1Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; 2 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba 305- 0005, Japan. *[email protected] (author for correspondence); 3 Ogasawara Islands Branch Office, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Nishimachi, Chichi-jima, Ogasawara-mura, Tokyo 100-2101, Japan; 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. † These authors contributed equally to this work Liparis hostifolia (Orchidaceae) on Minami-iwo-to Island in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Archipelago was rediscovered for the first time in 79 years during a field survey in 2017. Its identity was confirmed by morphological comparison and DNA extractions from herbarium specimens collected between 1914 and 1938. Results from the molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that L. hostifolia belongs to the L. makinoana complex. In comparison with other members of the L. makinoana complex, the broadly ovate labellum, short dormancy period, and flowering from November to March are unique characteristics of L. hostifolia. Results from the molecular phylogenetic analyses also suggested that L. hostifolia has had a long-isolated history in the Bonin Archipelago and probably migrated from temperate East Asia. -
Forest Structures, Composition, and Distribution on a Pacific Island, with Reference to Ecological Release and Speciation!
Pacific Science (1991), vol. 45, no. 1: 28-49 © 1991 by University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Forest Structures, Composition, and Distribution on a Pacific Island, with Reference to Ecological Release and Speciation! YOSHIKAZU SHIMIZU2 AND HIDEO TABATA 3 ABSTRACT: Native forest and scrub of Chichijima, the largest island in the Bonins, were classified into five types based on structural features: Elaeocarpus Ardisia mesic forest, 13-16 m high, dominated by Elaeocarpus photiniaefolius and Ardisia sieboldii; Pinus-Schima mesic forest, 12-16 m high, consisting of Schima mertensiana and an introduced pine , Pinus lutchuensis; Rhaphiolepis Livistonia dry forest, 2-6 m high, mainly occupied by Rhaphiolepis indica v. integerrima; Distylium-Schima dry forest, 3-8 m high, dominated by Distylium lepidotum and Schima mertensiana; and Distylium-Pouteria dry scrub, 0.3 1.5 m high, mainly composed of Distylium lepidotum. A vegetation map based on this classification was developed. Species composition and structural features of each type were analyzed in terms of habitat condition and mechanisms of regeneration. A group of species such as Pouteria obovata, Syzgygium buxifo lium, Hibiscus glaber, Rhaphiolepis indica v. integerrima, and Pandanus boninen sis, all with different growth forms from large trees to stunted shrubs, was subdominant in all vegetation types. Schima mertensiana , an endemic pioneer tree, occurred in both secondary forests and climax forests as a dominant canopy species and may be an indication of "ecological release," a characteristic of oceanic islands with poor floras and little competitive pressure. Some taxonomic groups (Callicarpa, Symplocos, Pittosporum, etc.) have speciated in the under story of Distylium-Schima dry forest and Distylium-Pouteria dry scrub. -
Abundance of the Ogasawara Buzzard on Chichijima, the Pacific Ocean
SEPTEMBER 2000 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 241 DE LA PLEA,M.R. 1985. Guia de AvesArgentinas, Falcon- NAROSKY, T. AND A.G. DI GIACOMO. 1993. Las Aves de la iformes. Edici6n del antor, Santa F6, Argentina. Provinciade BuenosAires: distribuci6n y estatus.Aso- DEEHoYo, J., A. ELLIOTT,ANDJ. SARGATAL.lEDS.]. 1994. ciaci6n Ornitol6gica del Plata, Vazquez Mazzini Ed y Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 2. New L.O.L.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina. World vultures to guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barce- --AND D. YZURIETA. 1973. Nidificaci6n de dos circi- lona, Spain. dos en la zona de San Vicente (Pcia. de Buenos A•- FIORA,A. 1933. E1peso de las aves.Hornero 5:174-188. res). Hornero 11:172-176. GONZ3•LEZLOPEZ, J.L. 1991. E1 Aguilucho Lagunero Cir- --AND --. 1987. Gu/a para la identificaci6nde cusaeruginosus (L., 1748) en Espafia.Situaci6n, Biol- las Aves de Argentina y UruguayßAsoc. Ornitol6g•ca ogia de la Reproducci6n, Alimentaci6n y Conserva- del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ci6n. ICONA-•C.S.I.C, Madrid, Espafia. SAGGESE,M.D. AND E.R. DE LUCCA.1995. Reproducci6n GROSSMAN,M.L. ANDJ. HAMLET.1964. Birds of prey of del Gavilan Ceniciento Circuscinereus en la patagoma the world. Bonanza Books, New York, NY U.S.A. argentina. Hornero14: 21-26. HUMPHREY, P.S., D. BRIDGE, P.W. REYNOLDS,AND R.T. PE- S^LVADOR,S.A. 1988. Datos de peso de avesArgentinas. TERSON.1970. Birds of Isla Grande (Tierra del Fue- Hornero 13:78-83. go). Preliminary Smithsonian Manual. Smithsonian ß 1990. Datos de pesosde avesArgentinas 2. Hor- Inst., Washington,DC U.S.A. -
The Battle of Iwo Jima: a Family Waits for News, 1945
The Battle of Iwo Jima: A family waits for news, 1945 Introduction As part of the effort to secure land close enough to Japan to launch attacks against the mainland, the US Army and Navy began bombing the Bonin Islands of Iwo Jima, Hajajima and Chichijima, in June 1944. Army and Navy bombers hit Iwo Jima for over eight months, culminating in seventy-four straight days of continuous airstrikes. Thirty-three of Lieutenant Bob Stone’s forty bombing missions were flown in the Iwo Jima campaign. The amphibious assault on the island began on February 19 and continued for 36 days. The United States suffered casualties of more than 6,800 dead and 20,000 wounded. Of the 20,000 Japanese soldiers defending Iwo Jima, only 1,083 survived. For the Stone family, Iwo Jima must have been particularly nerve-wracking. Four of the five Stone sons were involved in the invasion, including Bob and his stepbrother Barry Marks. Barry, a Marine, was stationed on Guam at a base near Bob’s. The brothers were able to visit each other frequently and share family news. Almost a month after the invasion of Iwo Jima began, Bob informed his parents that Barry was a part of the invasion. Excerpt from Robert L. Stone to Jacob Stone and Beatrice Stone, March 4, 1945. GLC09620.164 Until now I was unable to discuss the whereabouts of Barry’s outfit because it hadn’t come out in the newscasts or the papers. When I returned from rest leave, [on February 9th], he left me a note saying “when you next bomb Iwo be careful you don’t hit me” so of course I knew the 3rd marines were Iwo bound. -
Petrology and Geochemistry of Boninite Series Volcanic Rocks, Chichi-Jima, Bonin Islands, Japan
PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF BONINITE SERIES VOLCANIC ROCKS, CHICHI-JIMA, BONIN ISLANDS, JAPAN P.F. Dobson Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 S. Maruyama Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan J.G. Blank Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043 J.G. Liou Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 Abstract An Eocene submarine boninite series volcanic center is exposed on the island of Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan. Five rock types, boninite, bronzite andesite, dacite, quartz dacite, and rhyolite, were distinguished within the boninite volcanic sequence on the basis of petrographic and geochemical observations. Boninite lavas contain high magnesium, nickel, and chromium contents indicative of primitive melts, but have high silica contents relative to other mantle- derived magmas. All boninite series lavas contain very low incompatible element concentrations, and concentrations of high-field strength elements in primitive boninite lavas are less than half of those found in depleted mid-ocean ridge basalts. Abundances of large-ion lithophile elements are relatively high in boninite series lavas, similar to the enrichments observed in many island arc lavas. Trends for both major and trace element data suggest that the more evolved lavas of the boninite magma series were derived primarily through high-level fractional crystallization of boninite. Textural features, such as resorption and glomeroporphyrocrysts, and reverse chemical zonations suggest that magma mixing contributed to the development of the quartz dacite lavas. Introduction A well exposed sequence of Eocene boninite series volcanic rocks are found on Chichi-jima (Figure 1), the type locality for boninites (Peterson, 1891). -
24. Paleomagnetic Evidence for Northward Drift and Clockwise Rotation of the Izu-Bonin Forearc Since the Early Oligocene1
Taylor, B., Fujioka, K., et al., 1992 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 126 24. PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE FOR NORTHWARD DRIFT AND CLOCKWISE ROTATION OF THE IZU-BONIN FOREARC SINCE THE EARLY OLIGOCENE1 Masato Koyama,2 Stanley M. Cisowski,3 and Philippe Pezard4 ABSTRACT A paleomagnetic study was made on the deep-marine sediments and volcanic rocks drilled by Ocean Drilling Program Leg 126 in the Izu-Bonin forearc region (Sites 787, 792, and 793). This study evaluates the sense and amount of the tectonic drift and rotation associated with the evolution of the Philippine Sea Plate and the Izu-Bonin Arc. Alternating-field and thermal demagnetization experiments show that most of the samples have stable remanence and are suitable for paleomagnetic studies. Paleomagnetic declinations were recovered by two methods of core orientation, one of which uses a secondary viscous magnetization vector of each specimen as an orientation standard, and the other of which is based on the data of downhole microresistivity measurement obtained by using a formation microscanner. Oligocene to early Miocene samples show 10° to 14° shallower paleolatitudes than those of the present. Middle Miocene to early Oligocene samples show progressive clockwise deflections (up to ~80°) in declination with time. These results suggest large northward drift and clockwise rotation of the Izu-Bonin forearc region since early Oligocene time. Considering previous paleomagnetic results from the other regions in the Philippine Sea, this motion may reflect large clockwise rotation of the whole Philippine Sea Plate over the past 40 m.y. INTRODUCTION several tectonic models have been proposed, a common consensus has not yet been achieved. -
From Japan I
J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 18, 433-454 (1972) COPROPHILOUS PYRENOMYCETES FROM JAPAN I KOUHEI FURUYA AND SHUN-ICHI UDAGAWA* Fermentation Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Hiro-machi 1-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140 and *Department of Microbiology , National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-chome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158 (Received July 13, 1972) For the purpose of these series of mycological survey, 220 dung samples of wild and domestic animals for determination of species of pyrenomycetous Ascomycetes were collected from various geographic regions of Japan, in- cluding Ryukyu and Bonin Islands. Fifteen species of Podospora (the Sor- dariaceae) from numerous collections are described and illustrated. Most of them were also obtained in living cultures. All species are new records in Japan. Generally speaking, animal dungs contain very rich nutritive components which may serve as growth factors for various types of microorganisms. The coprophilous fungi, one of such dung inhabitants, comprise a special group made up of members of several classes ranging through Myxo- mycetes to Basidiomycetes. In their pioneering studies, MASSEE and SAL- MON (1, 2) emphasized that 187 genera and 757 species from coprophilous occurrence had been listed in SACCARDO's Sylloge Fungorum in the early of the present century. These fungi have long attracted many mycologists for more than a hundred years, and a considerably large number of taxonomic papers have been published on them from various areas of the world. Investigations on this fascinating group of fungi were relatively few in Japan. The most extensive work is that of TUBAKI (3), who isolated 16 species belonging to the Hyphomycetes from dung sources in Japan. -
New Spiders of the Families Tetragnathidae, Nephilidae and Clubionidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Izu and Ogasawara Islands, Tokyo
Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 37(1), pp. 15–26, March 22, 2011 New Spiders of the Families Tetragnathidae, Nephilidae and Clubionidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Izu and Ogasawara Islands, Tokyo Hirotsugu Ono Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3–23–1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169–0073 Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 29 October 2010; accepted 9 February 2011) Abstract Three new spiders of the families Tetragnathidae, Nephilidae and Clubionidae (Arach- nida, Araneae) from Hachijojima and Mikurajima Islands of the Izu Islands, and Chichijima Island of the Ogasawara Islands are described under the names, Leucauge nagashimai sp. nov. (Tetra- gnathidae), Nephila clavata caerulescens subsp. nov. (Nephilidae) and Clubiona oceanica sp. nov. (Clubionidae). Leucauge nagashimai resembles Chinese Leucauge bimaculata and liui, both de- scribed by Zhu, Song et Zhang (2003), but differs from the two species by the details of female genitalia, especially in the shape of spermathecae. Clubiona oceanica belongs to the species group of Clubiona hystrix defined by Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) and stands close to Clubiona maipai Jäger et Dankittipakul, 2010 from Thailand, Clubiona kuu Jäger et Dankittipakul, 2010 from Laos, Clubiona damirkovaci Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 from Peninsular Malaysia and Clubiona hitchinsi Saaristo, 2002 from Seychelles Islands, but is distinguishable from these known species by the structure of female genitalia, especially the position of intromittent orifices and the condition of in- tromittent canals and in details of tibial apophysis and embolus of male palpal organ. Nephila clavata caerulescens is described for the populations of Nephila clavata on Hachijojima and Mikurajima Islands, which show a remarkable variation on the coloration of the body not mimic to the color pattern of vespid wasps. -
Ogasawara Islands, Japan
WORLD HERITAGE FACT SHEET Ogasawara Islands, Japan Key facts • Recommended by IUCN for inscription on the World Heritage List in June 2011 at the World Heritage Committee in Paris, France as an outstanding example of on-going evolutionary processes in an oceanic island ecosystem. • The Ogasawara Islands are located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean roughly 1,000 km south of the main Japanese Archipelago. The serial nomination is comprised of five components consisting of 30 islands spread over 400 square kilometres. The site is clustered within three island groups of the Ogasawara Archipelago: Mukojima, Chichijima and Hahajima, plus an additional three individual islands: Kita-iwoto and Minami-iwoto of the Kazan group and the isolated Nishinoshima Island. • Marine areas within the Ogasawara Islands National Park are home to significant populations of dolphins, whales and turtles. • The Ogasawara Islands provide valuable evidence of evolutionary processes through active ecological processes of adaptive radiation in the evolution of the land snail fauna and endemic plant species. Key quote “The remoteness of the Ogasawara Islands has allowed animals and plants to evolve practically undisturbed in the Islands,” says Peter Shadie, Deputy Head of IUCN’s Delegation. “The Ogasawara Islands tell a unique story of how an oceanic island arc is born and how it evolved to its present form as an important habitat for rare and endangered species.” Media contact • Borjana Pervan, IUCN Media Relations, t +41 22 999 0115, m +41 79 857 4072 , e [email protected] Photos: For photos of the Ogasawara Islands, please visit: http://iucn.org/knowledge/news/focus/world_heritage/photos/ The images are copyright protected and can only be used to illustrate press releases in relation to IUCN’s recommendations to the World Heritage Committee. -
When Islands Create Languages
Long – When Islands Create Languages WHEN ISLANDS CREATE LANGUAGES or, Why do language research with Bonin (Ogasawara) Islanders? DANIEL LONG Abstract This paper examines the role that the geographical and social factors of isolation (from the outside world) and intense contact (within the community) commonly associated with small island communities can play in the development of new language systems. I focus on fieldwork studies of the creoloid and Mixed Language of the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands. Keywords Japan, Ogasawara, Bonin, Chichijima, language contact, Mixed Language, creoloid Why some linguists are attracted to islands Island societies can teach us many things about human language itself. How do children, for example, assemble a complete language (a creole) out of the imperfect ‘broken’ speech (a pidgin) used by their parents and all the other adults around them?1 Such seemingly impossible things do occur and research on language use in island communities helps us to understand the processes by which such improbable feats are accomplished. Other questions arise too. Are such pidgins and creoles the only types of language systems that can come from language contact or do other types exist? What role do island factors like isolation from the outside world and intense inner-contact among islanders play in language change? In other words, there is the question of whether island languages are more likely or less likely to change as compared to their mainland counterparts. In order to explore these issue, this paper examines evidence from the language systems of the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, and relates the study of such island languages to the study of broader topics like the study of human language in general, and the study of island societies. -
Mapping Japan Through the Koseki 自己と他者の配置−−戸籍を通して日本を見る
Volume 9 | Issue 29 | Number 2 | Article ID 3565 | Jul 19, 2011 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Geographies of Self and Other: Mapping Japan through the Koseki 自己と他者の配置−−戸籍を通して日本を見る David Chapman Geographies of Self and Other: population documentation (hukou)3 in China has Mapping Japan through the Koseki been based on the household as the fundamental social unit. As part of the Taika David Chapman reforms in the seventh century, along with many other governmental structures adopted Abstract: from China, Japan employed the same system of household registration koseki( seido) to This paper traces the social history of the enhance and centralise the powers of the household registration system (koseki seido) in Yamato imperial court. Once the inhabitants of Japan from its beginning to the present day. The the Yamato-controlled territories were identified paper argues that thekoseki has been an they could be conscripted, taxed and controlled. essential tool of social control used at various Population registration has been practised in stages in history to facilitate the political needs Japan ever since and although it has undergone and priorities of the ruling elite by constructing numerous changes and, in recent times, been and policing the boundaries of Japanese self. supplemented by other legislation, thekoseki This self has been mediated through the has endured the course of Japanese history principles of family as defined by the state and through to the present day and still maintains has created diverse marginalised and excluded primacy in identifying who has legal Japanese others. The study includes social unrest and status. agency of these others in furthering understanding of the role of thekoseki in In this paper I trace the social history of Japanese society.