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Floods in Bulgaria
1 Floods in Bulgaria Gergov, George, Filkov, Ivan, Karagiozova, Tzviatka, Bardarska, Galia, Pencheva, Katia National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected] Resume We distinguish the torrent floods of rivers as short-termed phenomena, lasting generally for only several hours and in very rare cases – for up to several days. Appropriate scientific methods for their forecasting are lacking. The short duration of the torrent floods, including their formation, do not make possible the organization of effective protection and safety measures. In many cases the inhabitants does not possess the required training to take-in urgent evacuation or adequate reaction. Torrential rainfalls of intensity up to 0.420-0.480 mm/min and duration of up to 15-29 min. predominate. The frequency of rainfalls above 0.300 mm/min accounts between 20-30 and 50-60 cases per year, while in the case of those with intensity above 0.600 mm/min the frequency diminishes to between 7-10 and 25-30 cases per year. The available hydrological information reveals, that irrespective of the ascending drought the frequency and dimensions of the torrent floods remain unchanged. The biggest flood, ever recorded in Bulgaria, was that of 31st aug.-01st sept.1858 along the Maritsa River in Bulgaria when the river banks in the town of Plovdiv have been flooded by 1-1.2 m. of water. The most ancient data for a devastating flood comes from the Turkish novelist Hadji Halfa. It concerns the Edirne (Odrin) flood in 1361. Numerous digital parameters of the floods are used in hydrology, like for instance, time of rise and time of fall of the flood, achieved water level maximum, average and maximum flow speed of the water current, size and duration of the flood, frequency and duration of the emergence, ingredient of the free water surface, time of concentration and time of travel (propagation) of the high flood wave, depth and intensity of the rainfall, state of the ground cover, preliminary moisture content of the watershed basin, etc. -
The Maritsa River
TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACTS OF MARITSA BASIN PROJECTS Text of the intervention made by Mr. Yaşar Yakış Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey During the INBO Conference Istanbul, 18 October 2012 TRASNBOUNDARY IMPACTS OF THE MARITSA BASIN PROJECTS ‐ Introduction ‐ The Maritsa River ‐ The Maritsa Basin ‐ Cooperation projects with Greece and Bulgaria ‐ Obligations under the EU acquis communautaire ‐ Need for trilateral cooperation ‐ Turkey and the Euphrates‐Tigris Basin ‐ Conclusion TRASNBOUNDARY IMPACTS OF THE MARITSA BASIN PROJECTS ‐ Introduction ‐ The Maritsa River ‐ The Maritsa Basin ‐ Cooperation projects with Greece and Bulgaria ‐ Obligations under the EU acquis communautaire ‐ Need for trilateral cooperation ‐ Turkey and the Euphrates‐Tigris Basin ‐ Conclusion TRASNBOUNDARY IMPACTS OF THE MARITSA BASIN PROJECTS ‐ Introduction ‐ The Maritsa River ‐ The Maritsa Basin ‐ Cooperation projects with Greece and Bulgaria ‐ Obligations under the EU acquis communautaire ‐ Need for trilateral cooperation ‐ Turkey and the Euphrates‐Tigris Basin ‐ Conclusion TRASNBOUNDARY IMPACTS OF THE MARITSA BASIN PROJECTS TRASNBOUNDARY IMPACTS OF THE MARITSA BASIN PROJECTS ‐ Introduction ‐ The Maritsa River ‐ 480 km long ‐ Tundzha, Arda, Ergene ‐ The Maritsa Basin ‐ Cooperation projects with Greece and Bulgaria ‐ Obligations under the EU acquis communautaire ‐ Need for trilateral cooperation ‐ Turkey and the Euphrates‐Tigris Basin ‐ Conclusion TRASNBOUNDARY IMPACTS OF THE MARITSA BASIN PROJECTS ‐ Introduction ‐ The Maritsa River ‐ The Maritsa Basin ‐ Flood potential -
Music and Traditions of Thrace (Greece): a Trans-Cultural Teaching Tool 1
MUSIC AND TRADITIONS OF THRACE (GREECE): A TRANS-CULTURAL TEACHING TOOL 1 Kalliopi Stiga 2 Evangelia Kopsalidou 3 Abstract: The geopolitical location as well as the historical itinerary of Greece into time turned the country into a meeting place of the European, the Northern African and the Middle-Eastern cultures. Fables, beliefs and religious ceremonies, linguistic elements, traditional dances and music of different regions of Hellenic space testify this cultural convergence. One of these regions is Thrace. The aim of this paper is firstly, to deal with the music and the dances of Thrace and to highlight through them both the Balkan and the middle-eastern influence. Secondly, through a listing of music lessons that we have realized over the last years, in schools and universities of modern Thrace, we are going to prove if music is or not a useful communication tool – an international language – for pupils and students in Thrace. Finally, we will study the influence of these different “traditions” on pupils and students’ behavior. Key words: Thrace; music; dances; multi-cultural influence; national identity; trans-cultural teaching Resumo: A localização geopolítica, bem como o itinerário histórico da Grécia através do tempo, transformou o país num lugar de encontro das culturas europeias, norte-africanas e do Médio Oriente. Fábulas, crenças e cerimónias religiosas, elementos linguísticos, danças tradicionais e a música das diferentes regiões do espaço helénico são testemunho desta convergência cultural. Uma destas regiões é a Trácia. O objectivo deste artigo é, em primeiro lugar, tratar da música e das danças da Trácia e destacar através delas as influências tanto dos Balcãs como do Médio Oriente. -
Study of the Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Astacus Leptodactylus in Some Areas of the Kardzhali Dam
TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, 2018, vol. 3, No 2(5): 90–93 STUDY OF THE BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ASTACUS LEPTODACTYLUS IN SOME AREAS OF THE KARDZHALI DAM Desislava Arnaudova, Aneliya Pavlova, Atanas Arnaudov Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT It is examined the contents of lead, cadmium and nickel in the water of Kardzhali dam, as well as the bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in two organs – liver and muscles of Astacus leptodactylus. In tissue samples is reported increasing of cadmium in samples of liver. The bioaccumulation coefficient was calculated on the basis of the average content of lead, cadmium and nickel in the organs of Astacus leptodactylus. We recorded that the studied crayfish are macroconcentrators for cadmium. The analyzes have shown that lake crayfish to be defined as a biomarker in toxicity testing in contami- nated waters. Key words: heavy metals, Astacus leptodactylus, crayfish, bioaccumulation. Introduction Depending on the water sites’ location by the source of contamination, different levels of lead, cadmium and nickel accumulation have been found in the tissues of crayfish (7). The concentration of heavy metals in the organs of the lake crawfish Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 and other crayfish has been researched by 1, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 13 etc., but there are no data on the transfer of lead, cadmium and nickel in Astacus leptodactylus along the “water– crayfish” in the food chain. The research was made in different zones of the Kardzhali dam which is anthropogenically influenced by heavy metals. -
World Bank Document
Document of FILE COYX The World Bank FILECOPY RETU~~~~~RN 'T FOR OFFICIAL -USE ONLY REpoRTS DESK Public Disclosure Authorized ONE WFEEKReport No. P-2096-GR REPORT.AND!RECOMMENDATION 'OF Public Disclosure Authorized THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN Public Disclosure Authorized ,TO THE HELLENIC STATE FOR THE EVROS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized June 1, 1977 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only In the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. Currency Unit Drachma The Greek Drachma is now defined in terms of a basket of currencies including the US dollar and those of its other major trading partners, and is floating. For this report the following currency equivalents were used: Dr. 1 US$0.03 US$ 1 Dr. 36.5 Dr. 1,000 = US$27.40 Dr. 1,000,000 US$27,400 Fiscal Year January 1 to December 31 Abbreviations ABG Agricultural Bank of Greece EEC European Economic Community ETVA Hellenic Industrial Development Bank FAO Food and Agriculture Organization HSI Hellenic Sugar Industry NIBID National Investment Bank for Industrial Development O&M Operation and Maintenance PM Project Manager RDS . Regional Development Service TBD Tons of Beets per Day FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY EVROS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT GREECE Loan and Project Summary Borrower: The Hellenic State Beneficiaries: Hellenic Sugar Industry (HSI) for the sugar factory component. Amount: US$35 million. Terms: 15 years including three years of grace, at 8.2 percent per annum. -
MIS Code: 5016090
“Developing Identity ON Yield, SOil and Site” “DIONYSOS” MIS Code: 5016090 Deliverable: 3.1.1 “Recording wine varieties & micro regions of production” The Project is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and by national funds of the countries participating in the Interreg V-A “Greece-Bulgaria 2014-2020” Cooperation Programme. 1 The Project is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and by national funds of the countries participating in the Interreg V-A “Greece-Bulgaria 2014-2020” Cooperation Programme. 2 Contents CHAPTER 1. Historical facts for wine in Macedonia and Thrace ............................................................5 1.1 Wine from antiquity until the present day in Macedonia and Thrace – God Dionysus..................... 5 1.2 The Famous Wines of Antiquity in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace ..................................................... 7 1.2.1 Ismaric or Maronite Wine ............................................................................................................ 7 1.2.2 Thassian Wine .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.2.3 Vivlian Wine ............................................................................................................................... 13 1.3 Wine in the period of Byzantium and the Ottoman domination ....................................................... 15 1.4 Wine in modern times ......................................................................................................................... -
Doqnload As a Pdf File
Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 9, Suppl. 3, pp 120-130, 2011 Copyright © 2011 Trakia University Available online at: http://www.uni-sz.bg ISSN 1313-7069 (print) ISSN 1313-3551 (online) CULTURE AS A MEANS FOR A SUSTAINABLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN TRANS-BORDER RURAL AREAS A. Gouridis* Municipality of Soufli, Greece ABSTRACT The rural Balkan areas are characterized by the urgent need for their coming-in pace with the economically developed European regions. The application of a coherent regional policy, concerning the management of the local resources, meeting across priority needs and taking advantage of potential advantages could open the way for a sustainable development. The role of culture in such a perspective is crucial. The trans-border Thracian lands of Greece have been sufficiently financed, both by the European Union and by national funds. Although the results do not mount up to a satisfactory outcome, the accumulated experience, concerning culture and cultural tourism, through the thorough examination of the drawbacks and minuses, as well as the pluses and advantages can help both, Greeks and the neighboring, “new in Europe” Bulgarians, to reveal the problems, to avoid failures and, working together, to exploit the emerging perspectives. Key words: sustainable development, rural areas, trans-border, experience, European Union, programmes, case studies. INTRODUCTION: CULTURE AND evolution, but as a product, as well, proving CULTURAL TOURISM itself “useful” in the following three ways: Culture as a term sprang from economy and - As a general frame of terms and principles, the Latin verb “colere”, meaning the necessary for any development policy. cultivation of crops and animals. -
Nikos Skoulikidis.Pdf
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 59 Series Editors: Damià Barceló · Andrey G. Kostianoy Nikos Skoulikidis Elias Dimitriou Ioannis Karaouzas Editors The Rivers of Greece Evolution, Current Status and Perspectives The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Founded by Otto Hutzinger Editors-in-Chief: Damia Barcelo´ • Andrey G. Kostianoy Volume 59 Advisory Board: Jacob de Boer, Philippe Garrigues, Ji-Dong Gu, Kevin C. Jones, Thomas P. Knepper, Alice Newton, Donald L. Sparks More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/698 The Rivers of Greece Evolution, Current Status and Perspectives Volume Editors: Nikos Skoulikidis Á Elias Dimitriou Á Ioannis Karaouzas With contributions by F. Botsou Á N. Chrysoula Á E. Dimitriou Á A.N. Economou Á D. Hela Á N. Kamidis Á I. Karaouzas Á A. Koltsakidou Á I. Konstantinou Á P. Koundouri Á D. Lambropoulou Á L. Maria Á I.D. Mariolakos Á A. Mentzafou Á A. Papadopoulos Á D. Reppas Á M. Scoullos Á V. Skianis Á N. Skoulikidis Á M. Styllas Á G. Sylaios Á C. Theodoropoulos Á L. Vardakas Á S. Zogaris Editors Nikos Skoulikidis Elias Dimitriou Institute of Marine Biological Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters Resources and Inland Waters Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Anavissos, Greece Anavissos, Greece Ioannis Karaouzas Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Anavissos, Greece ISSN 1867-979X ISSN 1616-864X (electronic) The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ISBN 978-3-662-55367-1 ISBN 978-3-662-55369-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55369-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017954950 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2018 This work is subject to copyright. -
Flood Forecasting System for the Maritsa and Tundzha Rivers
Flood forecasting system for the Maritsa and Tundzha Rivers Arne Roelevink1, Job Udo1, Georgy Koshinchanov2, Snezhanka Balabanova2 1HKV Consultants, Lelystad, The Netherlands 2National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Sofia, Bulgaria Abstract Climatic and geographical characteristics of Maritsa and Tundzha River Basins lead to specific run- off conditions, which can result in extreme floods downstream, as occurred in August 2005 and March 2006. To improve the management of flood hazards, a flood forecasting system (FFS) was set up. This paper describes a forecasting system recently developed in cooperation with the National Institute for Hydrology and Meteorology (NIHM) and the East Aegean River Basin Directorate (EARBD) for the rivers Maritsa and Tundzha. The system exits of two model concepts: i) a numerical, calibrated model consisting of a hydrological part (MIKE11-NAM) and hydraulic part (MIKE11-HD) and ii) a flood forecasting system. For some basins both meteorological and discharge measurements are available. These basins are calibrated individually. The hydraulic models are calibrated based on the 2005 and 2006 floods. The hydrological and hydraulic models are combined and calibrated again. The flood forecasting system (using MIKE-Flood Watch) uses the combined calibrated hydrological and hydraulic models and produces forecasted water levels and alerts at predefined control points. The system uses the following input: • Calculated and measured water levels; • Calculated and measured river discharges; • Measured meteorological data; • Forecasted meteorological data (based on Aladin radar grid). Depending on the available input the forecast lead-time is short but accurate, or long but less accurate. If one of the input data sources is not available the system automatically uses second or third order data, which makes it extremely robust. -
Rainfall Monitoring and Discharge Forecasting
RAINFALL MONITORING AND DISCHARGE FORECASTING OVER MEDITERRANEAN BASINS IN BULGARIA Eram Artinian, Dobri Dimitrov National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology of Bulgaria – regional centre Plovdiv, Bulgarian Academy of Science [email protected] The Arda River basin is located in the Southeast part of Bulgaria. Its climate is highly influenced by the Mediterranean. For instance over 70% of the river flow of Arda River at Vehtino village is concentrated in winter-spring period. On the other hand, summer months are very dry with average river flow at basin outlet between 20 and 30 m3/sec. Three large dams forming a cascade are built in 1950s on the river bed – Kardzhaly, Studen Kladenets and Ivaylovgrad. Their total capacity is about 1 billion m3 versus mean annual inflow of about 2 billion m3. Hydrological observations were made since 1950s. There are 7 operating stations by now. The river stages are recorded on paper support by limnigraphs. Once a month the river discharges are measured by using current meters. Discharge rating curve is established for each station. 16 automatic rain gages were 2 installed in 2006 and real-time precipitation data is processed Arda River basin in Bulgaria covers about 5200 km and in every 3 h to produce fields with grid cell size of 8 km. Greece (on the right) about 600 km2. To optimize reservoir management for energy production and for limiting dam overflow an automatic rainfall monitoring network coupled with discharge forecasting system was developed. Forecasted precipitation and air temperature outputs from ALADIN with 72 h lead- time are used. -
Business Concept “Fish & Nature”
BUSINESS CONCEPT “FISH & NATURE” Marina Ross - 2014 PRODUCT PLACES FOR RECREATIONAL FISHING BUSINESS PACKAGE MARINE SPORT FISHING LAND SERVICES FRESHWATER EQUIPMENT SPORT FISHING SUPPORT LEGAL SUPPORT FISHING + FACILITIES DEFINITIONS PLACES FOR RECREATIONAL FISHING BUSINESS PACKAGE MARINE SPORT FISHING LAND SERVICES FRESHWATER EQUIPMENT SPORT FISHING SUPPORT LEGAL SUPPORT FISHING + FACILITIES PLACES FOR RECREATIONAL FISHING PRODUCT MARINE SPORT FISHING MARINE BUSINESS SECTION FRESHWATER SPORT FISHING FRESHWATER BUSINESS SECTION BUSINESS PACKAGE PACKAGE OF ASSETS AND SERVICES SERVICES SERVICES PROVIDED FOR CLIENTS RENDERING PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT TO FISHING SUPPORT MAINTAIN SAFE SPORT FISHING RENDERING PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT TO LEGAL SUPPORT MAINTAIN LEGAL SPORT FISHING LAND LAND LEASED FOR ORGANIZING BUSINESS EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES PROVIDED EQUIPMENT + FACILITIES FOR CLIENTS SUBJECTS TO DEVELOP 1. LAND AND LOCATIONS 2. LEGISLATION AND TAXATION 3. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES 4. MANAGEMENT AND FISHING SUPPORT 5. POSSIBLE INVESTOR LAND AND LOCATIONS LAND AND LOCATIONS LAND AND LOCATIONS List of rivers of Greece This is a list of rivers that are at least partially in Greece. The rivers flowing into the sea are sorted along the coast. Rivers flowing into other rivers are listed by the rivers they flow into. The confluence is given in parentheses. Adriatic Sea Aoos/Vjosë (near Novoselë, Albania) Drino (in Tepelenë, Albania) Sarantaporos (near Çarshovë, Albania) Ionian Sea Rivers in this section are sorted north (Albanian border) to south (Cape Malea). -
Politics, Religion and Gender
Politics, Religion and Gender Heated debates about Muslim women’s veiling practices have regu larly attracted the attention of European policy makers over the last decade. The headscarf has been both vehemently contested by national and/or regional gov ernments, polit ical par ties and pub lic intellectuals, and pas sion ately defended by veil wearing women and their sup porters. Systematically applying a comparative per spect ive, this book addresses the question of why the headscarf tantalizes and causes such con tro versy over issues about religious plur al ism, secularism, neutrality of the state, gender oppression, citizen ship, migration and multiculturalism. Seeking also to estab lish why the issue has become part of the regulatory practices of some Euro pean countries but not of others, this work brings together an import ant collection of in ter pretative research re gard ing the current debates on the veil in Europe, offering an interdisciplinary scope using a common research methodology, the con trib utors focus on the different religious, polit ical and cultural meanings of the veiling issue across eight coun tries and develop a comparative explanation of veiling regimes. This work will be of great inter est to students and scholars of religion and pol itics, gender studies and multiculturalism. Sieglinde Rosenberger is Professor of Political Science at the University of Vienna, Austria. Her research inter ests focus on the governance of religious plur al ism, migration and integration, identities and gender relations. Birgit Sauer is Professor of Political Science at the Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Austria.