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CIÊNCIAS DO MAR: Dos Oceanos Do Mundo Ao Nordeste Do Brasil

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CIÊNCIAS DO MAR: Dos Oceanos Do Mundo Ao Nordeste Do Brasil | 1 CIÊNCIAS DO MAR: dos oceanos do mundo ao Nordeste do Brasil Volume 1 Oceano, Clima, Ambientes e Conservação Danielle de Lima Viana Jorge Eduardo Lins Oliveira Fábio Hissa Vieira Hazin Marco Antonio Carvalho de Souza Recife, 2021 Via Design Publicações 2 | Ciências do Mar: dos oceanos do mundo ao Nordeste do Brasil Editores Parecer e revisão por pares Luis Henrique Poersch Danielle de Lima Viana Os textos que compõem essa obra foram Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Doutora em Oceanografia na submetidos à avaliação de um Conselho Revisor, Marcelo Roberto Souto de Melo Universidade Federal de Pernambuco bem como revisados por pares, sendo indicados Universidade de São Paulo para publicação. Pesquisadora do Departamento de Pesca Paulo Guilherme Vasconcelos de Oliveira e Aquicultura da Universidade Federal Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Rural de Pernambuco Conselho revisor [email protected] Danielle de Lima Viana Pollyana Christine Gomes Roque Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Jorge Eduardo Lins Oliveira David Mendes Roberto Fioravanti Carelli Fontes Doutor em Biologia Marinha na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Universidade Estadual Paulista Université Marie et Pierre Curie Ronaldo Olivera Cavalli -Paris 6-França Fábio Hissa Vieira Hazin Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Professor Titular do Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia da Fabrício Berton Zanchi Sérgio de Magalhães Rezende Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação do Norte da Biodiversidade Fernando Manuel Raposo Morgado Marinha do Nordeste-CEPENE [email protected] Universidade de Aveiro - Portugal Teodoro Vaske Junior Francisco Sekiguchi Buchmann Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Fábio Hissa Vieira Hazin Universidade Estadual Paulista Doutor em em Marine Science and Mesquita Filho Technology/Fisheries Oceanography, na Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais Freire Vanildo Souza de Oliveira Tokyo University of Marine Science and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Technology George Satander Sá Freire Professor Titular do Departamento de Universidade Federal do Ceará Projeto gráfico e diagramação Pesca e Aquicultura da Universidade Via Design Publicações Federal Rural de Pernambuco Helena Lopes Galasso Université de Montpellier, Ecole Doctorale GAIA [email protected] Foto capa Igor da Mata Oliveira Renato Albuquerque Marco Antonio Carvalho de Souza Universidade Federal de Alagoas Capitão de Fragata da Marinha do Brasil João Paulo Machado Torres Todo o conteúdo científico apresentado Secretaria da Comissão Interministerial Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro nos capítulos dessa obra são de exclusiva para os Recursos do Mar-SECIRM responsabilidade dos respectivos autores, Jorge Eduardo Lins Oliveira incluindo as informações referentes aos Coordenador do Programa PROILHAS Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte créditos das fotos e imagens, excetuando-se [email protected] as imagens que abrem os capítulos. Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) (Câmara Brasileira do Livro, SP, Brasil) Ciências do mar : dos oceanos do mundo ao Nordeste do Brasil : oceano, clima, ambientes e conservação / [editores] Danielle de Lima Viana ... [et al.]. -- 1. ed. -- Olinda, PE : Via Design Publicações, 2021. Outros editores : Jorge Eduardo Lins Oliveira, Fábio Hissa Vieira Hazin, Marco Antonio Carvalho de Souza. ISBN 978-65-995372-1-9 1. Aquicultura 2. Ciências 3. Ecologia 4. Mares 5. Oceanos 6. Pesca I. Oliveira, Jorge Eduardo Lins. II. Hazin, Fábio Hissa Vieira. III. Souza, Marco Antonio Carvalho de. 21-70616 CDD-551.46 Índices para catálogo sistemático: 1. Mares e oceanos : Oceanografia 551.46 Aline Graziele Benitez - Bibliotecária - CRB-1/3129 Prefácio 4 8 Salinas: ambientes extremos no Nordeste Apresentação 6 do Brasil 218 A Amazônia Azul: a nova fronteira Brasileira 8 Marcos Rogério CAMARA Delta do Parnaíba: ecologia e 1 Ciências do mar: origem, conceitos e 9 fundamentos 22 conservação 230 Jorge Eduardo LINS OLIVEIRA Cezar A. F. FERNANDES José GARCIA JUNIOR Francisca Edna de Andrade CUNHA Pollyana Christine Gomes ROQUE Danielle de Lima VIANA 10 Ambientes recifais da região Nordeste: um olhar para a influência da atividade humana240 2 Introdução à oceanografia química52 Daniel Brandt GALVÃO Manuel de Jesus FLORES MONTES Sara de Castro LOEBENS Eliete ZANARDI-LAMARDO Daniele VILA-NOVA Gilvan Takeshi YOGUI Daniele Laura Bridi MALLMANN Ananda Marieta Silva TELES 3 Oceanografia física do Atlântico tropical: Beatrice Padovani FERREIRA processos hidrotermodinâmicos 74 11 Mar profundo: registro da história e Carlos Alessandre Domingos LENTINI Marcus André SILVA organismos do Nordeste do Brasil 268 Dóris Regina Aires VELEDA Pollyana Christine Gomes ROQUE Moacyr Cunha de ARAÚJO Filho Alessandra Maria Advíncula PIRES Marcio Machado CINTRA Rômulo Costa Pires FERREIRA Humberto Lázaro Varona GONZÁLEZ Diogo Martins NUNES Carlos Eduardo Peres TEIXEIRA Ralf Tarciso Silva CORDEIRO Leonardo Vieira Bruto da COSTA Jorge Eduardo LINS OLIVEIRA Luís Felipe Ferreira de MENDONÇA Júlia Martins de ARAÚJO 12 Gestão de áreas costeiras e marinhas protegidas no Nordeste do Brasil 298 4 Interações energéticas oceano-atmosfera96 Ilka Branco NUNES David MENDES Natalia Alves BEZERRA Monica Cristina Damião MENDES Carolina Neves SOUZA Marcio Machado CINTRA Diogo Martins NUNES Fábio Hissa Vieira HAZIN 5 Elementos de meteorologia física e fenômenos atmosféricos 118 13 O panorama da arqueologia subaquática Igor DA MATA-OLIVEIRA no Nordeste do Brasil 326 Fabrício Berton ZANCHI Carlos Celestino RIOS E SOUZA Natalia Pereira de CAMPOS Marilia Perazzo Valadares do AMARAL 6 Princípios básicos do sensoriamento remoto e 14 Poluição aquática340 suas aplicações na oceanografia e na pesca150 Maria Christina B. de ARAÚJO Antônio Geraldo FERREIRA Monica Ferreira da COSTA Paulo TRAVASSOS Jacqueline S. SILVA-CAVALCANTI Nilson SANT’ANNA JR 7 Geologia, geodinâmica e a formação dos oceanos 188 Helenice VITAL 4 | Ciências do Mar: dos oceanos do mundo ao Nordeste do Brasil Drausio Veras Drausio PREFÁCIO Ciências do Mar: dos oceanos do mundo ao Nordeste do Brasil | 5 CIÊNCIAS DO MAR: BELEZA DE SABER Significa especial privilégio para o Reitor da Não posso deixar de registrar meu entusiasmo Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte diante da riqueza do conteúdo e da beleza da apresentar um livro como este “Ciências do Mar: obra, tão rica que exigiu uma edição em dois dos oceanos do mundo ao Nordeste do Brasil”. volumes para conforto e deleite do leitor. Por ela é possível comprovar que ciência e beleza, Concebido como material didático para longe de se excluírem, podem e devem convergir pesquisadores e estudantes das áreas das no esforço de difundir conhecimento com Ciências Biológicas, Engenharia de Pesca e de inspiração. Aquicultura, Ecologia, Oceanografia e Geologia, dentre outras, reflete um notável esforço É o que comprova este manual com seguras acadêmico, ao reunir mais de 50 pesquisadores orientações para iniciar uma bela viagem de 17 universidades e institutos de pesquisa. científica. Para torná-lo realidade, houve decisivo apoio Natal, julho de 2021. do Programa de Pesquisas Científicas nas Ilhas Oceânicas (PROILHAS), por meio da integração SECIRM – UFRN – FUNPEC. José Daniel Diniz Melo Reitor da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte O resultado é esse: dois belos volumes disponibilizando informações preciosas da realidade da região Nordeste do Brasil, advindas de pesquisadores que atuam na área das Ciências do Mar, incluindo o Programa de Pesquisas Científicas no Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (PROARQUIPELAGO), coordenado pela SECIRM / MARINHA DO BRASIL. 6 | Ciências do Mar: dos oceanos do mundo ao Nordeste do Brasil APRESENTAÇÃO Após a realização de várias conferências e para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável", a ser fóruns internacionais realizados na busca de implementada no período de 2021 a 2030. se alcançar o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, foi implementado em 2005 pela ONU, o Plano O Brasil, com sua extensa área marítima, Internacional denominado “Década da Educação denominada Amazônia Azul, que equivale a 67% para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável - EDS" (2005 de todo o território terrestre e que desempenha a 2014). Este Plano tinha como objetivo maior o um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento desenvolvimento da educação como vetor para do país, por ser a principal via de transporte a promoção de valores, atitudes, capacidades e marítimo, por seus recursos naturais, sua imensa comportamentos, tendo o combate à degradação biodiversidade e suas riquezas minerais, se insere ambiental como um dos seus principais alvos. na Agenda 2030 por meio do X Plano Setorial Concluída a EDS em 2014 sem que resultados para os Recursos do Mar (X PSRM), desenvolvido significativos tenham sido alcançados e no no âmbito da Comissão Interministerial para intuito de dar continuidade às ações já iniciadas, os Recursos do Mar (CIRM), cuja aprovação a ONU estabeleceu em 2015, a “Agenda para o foi publicada no Decreto nº 10.544, de 16 de Desenvolvimento Sustentável”, na qual estão novembro de 2020. O referido Plano tem como previstos 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento propósito sistematizar as atividades de pesquisa Sustentável (ODS), que devem ser alcançados por para atender à demanda de informações todos os países até 2030. sobre os recursos naturais e energéticos das Águas Jurisdicionais
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