Klabin: Os Empresários, a Empresa E As Estratégias De Construção Da Hegemonia (1930-1951)

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Klabin: Os Empresários, a Empresa E As Estratégias De Construção Da Hegemonia (1930-1951) 1 CENTRO DE ESTUDOS GERAIS INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E FILOSOFIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA – MESTRADO MAURÍCIO GONÇALVES MARGALHO KLABIN: OS EMPRESÁRIOS, A EMPRESA E AS ESTRATÉGIAS DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA HEGEMONIA (1930-1951) NITERÓI 2008 2 MAURÍCIO GONÇALVES MARGALHO KLABIN: OS EMPRESÁRIOS, A EMPRESA E AS ESTRATÉGIAS DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA HEGEMONIA (1930-1951) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense como requisito para a obten- ção do grau de Mestre em História. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cezar Teixeira Honorato NITERÓI 2008 3 M327 Margalho, Maurício Gonçalves. Klabin: os empresários, a empresa e as estratégias de construção da hegemonia (1930-1951) / Maurício Gonçalves Margalho. – 2008. 195 f. ; il. Orientador: Cezar Teixeira Honorato. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de História, 2008. Bibliografia: f. 209-211. 1. Indústria de celulose – Aspecto histórico - Brasil. 2. Burguesia - Brasil. 3. Poder (Ciências Sociais). 4. Hegemonia política. I. Honorato, Cezar Teixeira. II. Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia III. Título. CDD 338.30981 4 MAURÍCIO GONÇALVES MARGALHO KLABIN: OS EMPRESÁRIOS, A EMPRESA E AS ESTRATÉGIAS DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA HEGEMONIA (1930-1951) Dissertação de Mestrado em História submetida à Banca Examinadora em Março de 2007. Componentes da Banca: _____________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Cezar Teixeira Honorato (Orientador) Universidade Federal Fluminense ______________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sydenham Lourenço Neto Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FFP ______________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Geraldo Beauclair Mendes de Oliveira Universidade Federal Fluminense 5 À minha Cristina, pelo amor, pela confiança, pela tolerância, pelo encorajamento. A todos aqueles que participaram da minha História. 6 AGRADECIMENTOS À Cristina, companheira de minha vida, pela compreensão e carinho, os quais me fortaleceram durante a árdua jornada percorrida. Ao seu lado redescubro, a cada dia, o quanto a amo. Aos meus queridos pais, Raimundo e Elenice, por tudo que representam para mim. Por incentivarem, incondicionalmente, meus sonhos. Aos meus avós Jurema e Lindolpho, à minha tia-avó Nilza e à tia Helena pelo amor e respeito compartilhados. Além de sempre me amarem como um filho. Ao Sr. Francisco, D.Cinéa, Vovó Bisa, Francisco José, Maria Helena, Mariana e Matheus pelo apoio, compreensão e carinho de todo o sempre. À Profa Drª Joana Bahia, amiga e madrinha que leu, de forma incansável, as muitas versões preliminares do meu projeto de Mestrado. Ao Prof. Dr. Cezar Honorato, meu orientador, pela referência em História Econômica. Ao Prof. Dr. Geraldo Beauclair, pelo privilégio de compartilhar de sua amizade e sugestões de profundo valor teórico e metodológico. Ao Prof. Dr. Theo Piñeiro, pelas considerações teóricas apresentadas e apoio acadêmico. Ao Prof. Dr. Carlos Gabriel Guimarães, pelas contribuições intelectuais e acadêmicas. À Profa Drª Sônia Regina Mendonça, pelo carinho, pela predisposição e por compartilhar sua erudição em inúmeros momentos. À estimada amiga Daniele Leda pela eficácia, pela preciosa ajuda nesta dissertação. É dela a autoria do abstact. Aos colegas do Laboratório de História Econômico-Social – PÓLIS, pelos agradáveis debates suscitados. Aos funcionários Inês, Silvana, Estela e David pela eficiência, paciência e atenção nos momentos de sufoco. Ao Centro de Documentação e Memória de Klabin, pela presteza com que sempre atendeu as minhas necessidades de pesquisador. Infelizmente, o espaço reservado para agradecimentos jamais fará justiça a todos. Várias pessoas não foram agraciadas com os meus agradecimentos, não importando o grau de colaboração e torcida. Estas palavras são o modo que encontrei de fazer-lhes justiça: muito obrigado. 7 RESUMO Este trabalho de história social de empresas partiu de um estudo de caso sobre o grupo empresarial Klabin, particularmente no que se relaciona ao investimento nas Indústrias Klabin do Paraná de Celulose S/A. Com efeito, embora tenhamos abordado a sociogênese das empresas Klabin durante o final do século XIX e as duas primeiras décadas do século passado, o núcleo de nossa pesquisa aborda principalmente a conjuntura de 1930/1951. Levando em conta que as relações sociais são relações políticas e que, portanto, se relacionam com a luta entre frações de classe dominante pela hegemonia no aparelho de Estado, o nosso estudo tem como escopo analisar os empresários Wolff Klabin e Horácio Lafer. Não como empreendedores e visionários, mas, sobretudo, através da dimensão política que envolveu suas relações sociais no processo de luta de classes. Assim fizemos, porque compreendemos que a idéia do burguês empreendedor é, por si só, um mito que precisa ser desmontado. Partindo dessa convicção, fizemos o caminho inverso, e lastreamos nosso eixo analítico na inter- relação entre empresários, economia e política. Através da leitura de Atas de Reuniões, Anais, Boletins, Correspondências, Mensagens do Executivo, Pareceres, Periódicos, Relatórios Ministeriais, Relatórios da Federação Industrial do Rio de Janeiro e da Evolução Administrativa da Klabin esta dissertação se propõe a compreender a história social das empresas Klabin através das práticas políticas das lideranças supracitadas no complexo institucional sociedade civil / sociedade política. Palavras-chave: História Social de Empresas, burguesia industrial, indústria de celulose e papel, poder político, Estado e Hegemonia. 8 ABSTRACT This enterprises’ social history work was based on a case study of Klabin business group, particularly on what is related to the investments in Indústrias Kablin do Paraná de Celulose S/A (Kablin Cellulose Industries of Paraná Incorporated). Although we have approached Klabin enterprises’ sociogenesis during the late decades of the nineteenth century and the two first decades of last century, the core of our research corresponds mainly to the juncture of 1930/1951. Taking into consideration that social relations are political ones and that, therefore, they relate to the fight amongst fractions of the dominant class for hegemony at the State’s machine, our study has as its scope to analyze the businessmen Wolff Klabin and Horácio Lafer. Not as enterprisers and visionaries, but above all, through the political dimension that has involved their social relationships in the process of fight among social classes. We have done it this way because we understand that the idea of the enterprising burgher is on its own a myth that must be crushed. Convinced of that, we have followed the inverse route, analyzing the inter-relationship among businessmen, economy and politics. By reading Meeting Minutes, Annals, Court opinions, Bulletins, Mail, Messages from the Executive… Periodicals, Ministerial Reports, Rio de Janeiro Industrial Federation Reports as well as Klabin’s Administrative Evolution ones, this dissertation aims to apprehend the social history of Klabin enterprises through the political practices of the leaders mentioned above within the institutional complex civil society / political society. Key-words: Enterprises’ Social History, industrial middle class, pulp and paper industry, political power, State and Hegemony. 9 “Empresário Basta de altercações; queremos obras. Venha coisa que sirva. Eu cá não creio no que dizeis de estar ou não disposto. (...) Quem não fez hoje, amanhã não tem feito; um dia é muito. Audácia pois! Agarra pelas repas a ocasião fugaz; não tens remédio, segue-a no vôo, e está logrado o empenho. (...)” (Johann W. Goethe, FAUSTO. Edicões de Ouro, Editora Tecnoprint Ltda, sd. p. 52) 10 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO 11 Capítulo I – KLABIN: OS EMPRESÁRIOS, AS RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS E O PODER POLÍTICO (1930-1935) 30 1.1 – A construção da hegemonia: o papel estratégico da sociedade civil 30 1.2 –HORÁCIO LAFER: a formulação de um projeto hegemônico para a sociedade política (1933-1937) 50 1.3 – A Compra da Força de Trabalho 62 1.4 – Manuel Ribas, a Klabin e as dimensões socioeconômicas de uma aliança político-empresarial 66 Capítulo II – INDÚSTRIAS KLABIN DO PARANÁ: A SOCIOGÊNESE DO PROJETO POLÍTICO-EMPRESARIAL (1936-1940) 69 2.1 – Empresa, empresários, relações sociais e luta de classes 69 2.2 – A Klabin Irmãos & Cia e o Estado Novo: negócios, economia e política 76 Capítulo III – A GUERRA E ECONOMIA: AS DIMENSÕES SÓCIOPOLÍTICAS DO EMPREENDIMENTO KLABIN (1941-1945) 3.1 – A Empresa, os Empresários, o Estado, as relações sociais e o poder político 104 3.2 – Luta Política e Relações de Interesse no complexo institucional Autoritário 114 Capítulo IV – O PÓS-GUERRA: NOVAS DIMENSÕES PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO- MANUTENÇÃO DA HEGEMONIA (1945-1951) 4.1 – A Empresa, os Empresários, o Estado e a redefinição do bloco no poder 158 4.2 – A Sociedade Política na democracia restringida do governo Dutra: rumo à hegemonia industrial 161 V- Conclusão 207 Referências Bibliográficas e Fontes Primárias 209 Anexos 11 SIGLAS Banco do Brasil BB Banco do Estado do Paraná BEP Centro de Documentação e Memória de Klabin CDMK Centro das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo CIESP Centro Industrial do Rio de Janeiro CIRJ Companhia Fabricadora de Papel CFP Indústrias Klabin do Paraná de Celulose IKPC Instituto Nacional do Pinho INP Manufatura Nacional de Porcelanas MNP Klabin Irmãos & Cia KIC Coordenação da Mobilização Econômica CME Confederação Nacional da Indústria CNI Conselho Nacional
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