ZERA’IM: JEWISH COMMUNITY GARDENING RESOURCE MANUAL

Retreat • Farm • Learn • Celebrate! Made Possible By We dedicate this manual to Jonah Adels, 1984-2013

An inspirational fellow traveler on planet Earth, beautiful person, amazing Jewish garden educator, staff and community member at Eden Village Camp.

We miss you brother and carry on your work together. CONTENTS

WELCOME TO THE GARDEN ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OUR INVTATION FOR HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL GARDEN BLESSING PART V: GARDEN SPOTLIGHTS PART I: INTRO TO JEWISH COMMUNITY GARDENING Early Childhood Gardens What is Jewish Community Gardening? Learning Ladder Beth El Owings Mills JCC

PART II: ENVISIONING YOUR GARDEN Synagogue Gardens Netivot Shalom Setting Goals and Planning Harford Jewish Center Themes for Jewish gardening

Fundraising and Budgeting Senior Centers Weinberg Village PART III: PRE-GARDEN PREPARATION Hillels Soil Health and Preparation Johns Hopkins Hillel Compost Seeds Special Needs Plants Needs to Grow Tools for you Garden ADDITIONAL RESOURCES PART IV: GARDEN SET-UP & MAINTENANCE What type of Garden? Garden Beds Watering and Irrigation Harvest Schedule Trellising Pest and Weed Control What to do with food from the garden? Shalom Aleichem WELCOME TO THE GARDEN! With great thanks to the Covenant Foundation, we offer this resource in Jewish community gardening based on three years of Pearlstone’s experiences creating and collaborating with eight unique gardens throughout the Baltimore Jewish Community. A two-year Signature Covenant Grant enabled us to create the Jewish Community Gardening Collective (JCGC), an innovative and dynamic network establishing grassroots Jewish community gardens and making the most out of them with experiential education.

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Thank You To Our Local Baltimore Jewish Partners!

Beth-El Congregation; Harford Jewish Center; Johns Hopkins University Hillel; Learning Ladder at Oheb Shalom Congregation; Needs to Grow; Netivot Shalom Congregation; Owings Mills JCC Early Childhood Center; Weinberg Village.

Thanks to all the garden captains, volunteers, teachers, gardeners, administrators, and most of all participants—you bring these gardens to life! And you bring Judaism to life with hard work and dirty fingernails, outreach and engagement, excitement and celebration. May your gardens flourish for years to come.

Infinite thanks to the talented staff of the Pearlstone Center: Morris Panitz, primary author, Jewish Community Gardener, Program Director; Levi Gershkowitz, editor and designer, Director of Media and Marketing, manifesting vision; Elisheva Stark, Jewish Community Gardener, educator, researcher, and manual contributor.

May these seeds spread far and wide—cultivating crops and community, together.

B’shalom, _ e Jakir Manela !!!!!!! Executive Director Be in touch! [email protected] 410-429-4400

2 OUR INVITATION The Goals Of This Manual Are Twofold FOR HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

This manual seeks to consolidate necessary resources and original insights that will benefit your institution’s process of starting its own 1 To document the successes, challenges, stories, and lessons Jewish community garden. Each section of the manual presents dif- learned from Pearlstone’s JCGC, highlighting the extraordinary ef- ferent facets of the process, following a basic layout made up of forts and contributions of innumerable individuals in the Collec- the following components: tive. As such, we’ve included many lesson plans, pictures, re- sources, reflections, and materials developed by Pearlstone staff and JCGC participants. Use them, improve them, and add to this ● Insights: Pearlstone’s original orientation to the topic with tips growing field! and best practices offered. All insights are composed of original writing. 2 To provide a useful and comprehensive manual for Jewish insti- ● Two types of resources are present in this manual: 1 Useful tutions interested in improving or starting a Jewish community gar- information for creating and maintaining a Jewish community den. As such, many of the sections in this manual deal with the garden—many of these resources include excerpts from and technical aspects of starting and maintaining a garden. There are links to other websites and are marked, “see here.” 2 Original countless resources available on this topic on the internet and books, which we’ve attempted to provide a sampling of in this resources developed by Pearlstone or JCGC gardens. These manual. Similarly, many Jewish, environmental resources that are may include lesson plans, fliers, or curricula and are marked of great benefit to community gardens already exist and are in- as “Resource #1” cluded in this manual. Please explore the links and resources ● SPOTLIGHTS Examples from JCGC gardens that pertain to we’ve compiled here for more information on each section. the topic or section

All red text, underlined or other are live hyperlinks.

3 Here is a blessing for your garden and community as you begin the fulfilling endeavor of starting a Jewish community garden.

Credit to Rabbi Michael Panitz, Morris Panitz and Teri Jedeikin.

63 MEET THE

64 Morris Panitz (Main Author), Program Director at Pearlstone Center, grew up in Norfolk, Virginia and attended the University of Maryland, College Park where he earned a double degree in Philosophy and Jewish studies. He participated in the Adamah Fellowship at the Isabella Freedman Retreat Center, and served as a farm apprentice at Ocean Air farms before joining the team at Pearlstone Center.

Morris, an emerging leader in the field of Jewish environmental education, manages the Jewish Community Gardening Collective, helping local Jewish institutions create educational gardens. As Program Director at Pearlstone Center, he oversees a wide array of innovative educational programs, including farm-based field trips, conferences and retreats, immersive programs, and service learning. He enjoys playing the piano, a good game of chess, and the wonderful company of friends and family.

Levi Gershkowitz (Editor and Graphic Design), Director or Marketing at Pearlstone Center, is a visual ethnographer, specializing in digital photography, marketing and design, with experience conducting research for US-based corporations and non-governmental organizations. Levi has been a part of projects for Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Cohen Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Keene State College, Sviva Israel, State Farm, Friends of Nepal-New Jersey, In-Sight Photography, and Hebrew College.

In addition to widespread research and photography, he has also worked internationally as an informal educator, centered on promoting multicultural dialogue and service-learning initiatives. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in Holocaust and Genocide Studies from Keene State College, where he focused on the structural violence waged against indigenous populations and the role of social amnesia in the memory of the Holocaust.

Elisheva Stark (Contributing Author), Community Garden Coordinator at Pearlstone Center, attended from Binghamton University and graduated with a degree in Environmental Studies. Her passion for environmental education came to life as a teacher’s assistant at the JCC of Rhode Island’s Early Childhood Center, leading her on to work as an outdoor environmental educator at the TEVA Learning Alliance.

From there, Elisheva participated in the Integrated Sustainability Apprenticeship at Pearlstone Center, then transitioned into her current role and involvement with the JCGC. Elisheva now shares her love of gardening with the greater-Baltimore Jewish community, helping others to form a meaningful personal connection to the natural world through gardening and Jewish learning.

63 INTRODUCTION TO JEWISH COMMUNITY GARDENING

What is Jewish Community Gardening? then you shall plant." [Translation by H. Freedman and Maurice Si- mon] Rabbi Yehudah ben Shimon began his discourse with the text, "After the Lord your God shall you walk" (Devarim 12:5). But is it possible -Leviticus Rabbah 25:3 for a person of flesh and blood to walk after the Holy One, blessed The Midrash above poses a striking question, “How can we ‘walk af- be He?! … But in truth the Holy One, blessed be He, from the very ter’ God as mortals residing on earth?” The answer: By imitating beginning of the creation of the world, was before all else occupied God’s ways. God ‘was before all else occupied with planting,’ so we with planting, as is proved by the text, "And first of all, the Eternal too, must plant. Through the simple and powerful act of placing God planted a Garden in Eden" (Bereshit 2:8), and so do you also, seeds in the ground, witnessing and participating in their cycles of when you enter into the land, occupy yourselves first with nothing growth, nurturing them and being nurtured by them, we take one else but planting; as it is written, "And when you come into the land, step closer to fulfilling our divine mandate to be holy.

2 Gardening, or lovingly tending to plants, is a universal act. ship forming. Reach out to your neighbor, your students, your family, Gardening teaches humility, gratitude, responsibility, and hard work. and dig deeply, for surely you will uncover hidden treasures. Gardening instills in us a sense of interconnectedness with the world and the call to be responsible stewards of this planet. Gardening re- minds us to pay attention to the seasons, to relish the dirt underneath our fingernails, and appreciate timely rain. Gardening offers us moments of deep introspection and quiet satisfaction And, gardening brings friends and strangers together over shared purpose and sweat.

Gardening is also a distinctly Jewish act. The echoes of God’s com- mand to Adam (Gen. 2:15) “l’shomrah u’lovdah” (to guard/till and work/tend) resound through the generations as a call to remember that adam is inextricably linked to adamah. As Jews, we strive to cul- tivate an awareness and ultimately a practice that recognizes that “the land is God’s; [we are but] strangers and sojourners with God” (Leviticus 25:23). Through gardening, we learn to care for God’s planet, to recognize that Creation is a gift to be blessed and shared. Our tradition provides ritual, blessings, liturgy, holidays, and mitzvoth that connect us with the sacred rhythms of Creation and its Author.

Jewish community gardening is the marriage of the universal and unique aspects of tending a piece of land. A garden is a gathering- place, a home for community-building, and an expression of our deepest values. A Jewish community garden is a hands-on classroom to teach about Judaism’s relationship to Creation. The education may consist of lessons on tzedakah, brachot, t’filah, bal tashchit, or the agricultural roots of the Hebrew calendar. A Jewish community garden is a laboratory, an experimental, experiential test- ing ground for Jewish engagement, identity building, and relation-

3 PEARLSTONE’S JEWISH COMMUNITY members. Throughout the manual, the term “Jewish community gar- dening” primarily refers to Jewish institutional gardens whose goals GARDENING COLLECTIVE (JCGC) include community-building and Jewish education.

The Covenant Foundation’s Signature Grant For more information on the Covenant Foundation, see http://www.covenantfn.org/# In December 2010, Pearlstone received a 2-year Signature Grant from the Covenant Foundation to create a Jewish Community Gar- dening Collective (JCGC) in Baltimore, Maryland. “The Covenant The Project Abstract Foundation recognizes the diversity of strengths within the field of Jewish education in North America, across all denominations and Imagine driving through a major Baltimore Jewish neighborhood: to- settings. By honoring outstanding Jewish educators and supporting day, you would see big synagogues and Jewish institutions with creative approaches to programming, the Foundation works to grassy front lawns. What if we empowered local educators and lead- strengthen educational endeavors that perpetuate the identity, conti- ers to redefine that neighborhood? What if three years from now that nuity and heritage of the Jewish people.” drive became a joyous path through vibrant Jewish community gar- dens, where children and adults of all ages work together, renewing In applying for the grant, Jakir Manela, executive director of Pearl- their commitment to Torah, earth, and each other through the simple stone, recognized that there was growing interest amongst local Jew- act of planting? How might those institutions change as a result? ish educational institutions in Jewish environmentalism. While many How might all of Jewish Baltimore change? of these institutions visited Pearlstone’s educational farm annually for a field trip, these one-off experiences were only part of the puzzle. Pearlstone’s Jewish Community Gardening Collective is a local Helping Jewish schools, synagogues, early childhood centers, grassroots groundswell of Jewish environmentalism, empower- Hillels, and senior centers create Jewish community gardens on ing local Baltimore Jewish institutions with the knowledge and their properties would allow for year-round engagement with Jewish, skills they need in order to deeply impact their institutions. This environmental values. Participants would experience the full cycles cohort of institutional gardens is diverse, representing a variety of gardening, and develop a meaningful and fulfilling relationship of ages, Jewish backgrounds, and levels of environmental with their communities and land. knowledge. They all build community through gardening and Jewish education. *A note about the term “Jewish community gardening” in the context of the Signature Grant. The JCGC consists of Jewish insti- tutions rather than neighborhoods or collections of individuals gar- dening in a set location. The institutions opened the gardens to their

4 Getting Started Who are you?... Community gardens are typically most The more we know about your institution, the better we can empower you to create Imagine... your ideal Jewish community garden. Your landscape transformed into a beautiful abundant successful when they emerge from grass- Name of Institution: ______garden, providing impactful education that brings together roots efforts and community/institutional Name of Applicant: ______your community. Role in Institution: ______support.Prior to the Covenant grant, many Phone ______Email ______of the gardens in the JCGC had asked How would a Jewish Community Garden enhance your Jewish institution? ______Pearlstone for support in building a Jew- ______ish, educational garden at their institution. ______o Cut

The Signature Grant gave Pearlstone the ! ______this side and return to Kayam Farm Build... Your own Jewish Community What are your goals for the Jewish Community Garden? ______capacity and funding to support these in- Garden, with members of your stitutions, which were thrilled to learn of ______community, teaching the ______powerful integration of the funding. While Pearlstone pitched the ______Judaism & sustainability idea to several institutions, in order to part- Garden Captains: ner on the project, these institutions had to Please list three Garden Captains for your institution. Ideally, one captain should be a Jewish educator, one a community gardener (volunteer), and one an institutional demonstrate sufficient commitment and leader (board member, etc). Garden captains will work with Kayam’s Jewish Community Gardener to create, maintain, and lead your community garden. Two interest in the project. We knew, from an captains from each institution must attend each training; they will also be responsible for taking pictures and documenting garden highlights throughout the year. early stage, that the institution had to be Empower... Name Phone Email Role in Institution the primary driver of the project, and Pearl- Educators, volunteers, and leaders from your community stone’s role was to support these efforts with the knowledge, skills, and experience they need with staff time, resources, trainings, and to create a Jewish community garden that meets your vision, networking opportunities. As such, institu- goals, and objectives. tions had to identify 3 garden captains Kayam Farm’s Jewish Community Garden Collective and agree to the terms listed in the JCGC Return to: Morris Panitz, Kayam Farm at Pearlstone 5425 Mt Gilead Rd. Reisterstown, MD 21136 or [email protected] For questions call Morris at: 757-617-7656 application booklet.

5 Garden Captains Activities and Outputs

Garden captains By the end of 2012, the are the core leader- Jewish Community Gar- ship team of each dening Collective (JCGC), community garden. comprised of the 2011 co- Garden captains hort of 5 institutions (Con- s h o u l d i d e n t i f y gregation Beth-El, Owings other garden lead- Mills JCC Early Childhood ers and potentially Center, Weinberg Village, create a garden Johns Hopkins Hillel, and committee at the Netivot Shalom) and the institution. Delegat- 2012 cohort of 4 institu- ing garden respon- tions (Bolton St. Syna- sibilities, both in gogue, Harford Jewish the planning and Center, Learning Ladder, upkeep stages, is and Needs to Grow) vital for the suc- helped create 9 commu- cess and sustain- nity gardens in Jewish Bal- ability of the gar- timore. den. Ideally, one So far we have started captain should be nine Jewish community a Jewish educator, one a community gardener (volunteer), and one gardens, empowered 31 garden captains, connected with 15 organ- an institutional leader (board member, etc). In applying for the izational leaders, and impacted 51 non-student participants. Our JCGC, garden captains also agree to work with Pearlstone’s Jewish gardens gain exposure to 300 JCC preschool students, over 150 Community Gardener to create, maintain, and lead their community Beth-El preschoolers, 85 Learning Ladder preschoolers, 50 Wein- garden. Two captains from each institution must attend each sea- berg seniors, 30 Hopkins college students, 10 Bolton St. post- sonal training; they are also responsible for taking pictures and docu- confirmation students, 100 Harford Jewish Center (HJC) religious menting garden highlights throughout the year. school students, 35 Needs to Grow students, and 60 Netivot Shalom

6 members. Our total number is 1,057 people, including 140 Jewish educators.

An important outgrowth of the JCGC was Pearlstone’s development of Jewish community gardening materials, many of which are pre- sented in this manual. Pearlstone offers consultations, teacher train- ings, and professional development for aspiring Jewish community gardens. In addition, Pearlstone hosts and facilitates a multi-day conference in Jewish, environmental education for day school, supplementary school, and early childhood educators. Visit http://pearlstonecenter.org/signature-programs/nevatim-sprouts-con ference/ for more information.

Check out this video about the JCGC created mid-way through the project, see here.

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7 ENVISIONING YOUR GARDEN

Setting Goals and Planning

Insights: Building a garden at your Jewish institution is an exciting your garden as a place to bring tzedakah to life, where food is endeavor, one that can bring together your community, young and grown to be donated to local food pantries. Use this intention as the old, around Jewish values, shared success and challenges, and lots guiding framework to answer the logistical questions about your gar- of hard work. When beginning the process of planning a garden, den, including what to grow and who to involve in the process. the temptation is to dive into the details. “What kind of tomatoes The planning process is an opportunity to engage and empower should we plant?” “How many shovels will we need?” These are all your community to be a part of the garden project from its inception. important questions, and they have their place in the planning proc- Keep the group small in the beginning, but make sure to include rep- ess; however, it is vital to begin by bringing together a core group of resentatives from the different facets of your institution, and reach individuals from your community to discuss the goals, intentions, out to people with different relevant skill sets. and values of the project. As a Jewish institution, you might envision

8 Not everyone needs to be a mas- ter gardener. Educators, lay lead- Goals Articulation ers, volunteer coordinators, Adapted from Dynamics Ecological Design clergy, maintenance, parents, stu- By Dave Jacke dent representatives, and grant Articulating your goals is an essential and challenging task. It’s important to be clear about writers are all helpful members of your intentions and goals so that your project can stay focused and work in ways that inspire the team. While you might be the and renew you while providing you with ways of measuring success. leader pulling everything together, you need a team to support the PART I work, engage others, and ensure the sustainability of your commu- Kavanah / Each of us is drawn to educational gardening for different reasons. We have nity garden. varying goals and visions for our gardens. Take the time to establish your own kavanah or intention for your current or future project. Why do you want to be gardening or farming with children and participants?

The following worksheet is a great tool for your first core group meet- ing. Spend ample time discussing Qualities / Imagine someone who has never been to your place before arrives, and the goals, values, and intentions spends about 20 minutes wandering around your landscape when you have it well under of your garden. way, speaking to you about topics other than your landscape. As they leave the your place, I stop them and ask them for five words that express the qualities of the landscape Once you’re all on the same page, they just wandered through and unconsciously imbibed. What words would you want identify roles and responsibilities them to say? What qualities do you want you landscape to express? as well as a timeline for getting the process rolling.

If you want to print the following resource separately and write in your answers, see resource #1.

9 Experience / Imagine a group of students or campers just left your landscape. You just completed some activity or project with them. What do you want them to leave thinking and talking about? What type of mood do you want to encourage? What types of activities or programs do you envision occurring in your landscape?

Part II Goals / What do you want your landscape to do for you? What do you hope to achieve? Is there a specific look or feel or image you want to express or embody? Are there particular lessons or values you are trying to teach through your landscape?

Production / What are you interested in growing on your site? Food, flowers, herbs? If so, how much? How will your harvest be used?

Likes and Dislikes / What qualities, features, things or patterns of your landscape do you particularly like already? What do you dislike? What elements would you want to keep? What elements do you want to change or get rid of?

Things / What objects do you want in your landscape? These can be living or non-living. You can list particular plants you want here, too.

Problems / What problems do you have with your landscape? Are there drainage problems, access problems, aesthetic problems, insect problems, etc.?

10 Jewish Farm School Goals Articulation and Resource Assessment Cooperative Design August 2009

Programmatic, Personnel and Resources Assessment Answer the following questions in the space provided • Landscape Use: Who will be utilizing the site? Students, teachers, visitors? How many? Various Source Credit groups or one, set group? Jewish Farm School Goals Articula- tion and Resource Assessment, August • Management: Who will be the main caretaker of the land? You, other teachers, local volunteers? 2009. By Dave Jacke. Remember, students need supervision, the garden needs watering, and activities need preparation. www.jewishfarmschool.org

• Skills: List any skills you (or others that will be involved) have or would like to acquire? Are there skills you are lacking or find unappealing? Do you know of others in your community that you could learn from or involve?

• Time: How many hours a week will be spent on the landscape? Will the garden be used year- round or how long is your season?

• Funding: Do you have a budget or funding source?

• Tools and Supplies: Do you have any tools? Other equipment? Do you or someone involved in the project have access to tools and specialty equipment? What books or educational resources do you have? What else will you need? Additional Source • Vehicles: What type of vehicles do you have access to? The American Community Gardening Association has many more sugges- • Space: Do you already have a space available? Will you be cultivating the earth, building raised tions on the first steps are for creating beds or planting in containers? a community garden, including how to form a planning committee. To learn more, visit: http://www.communitygarden.org/learn/starting-a-communit • Problems: What obstacles might you face in building a successful program? How might you y-garden.php#form overcome these obstacles?

11

www.jewishfarmschool.org 3 Above Morris Panitz, Program Direc- tor at Pearlstone Center, helps two women harvesting basil at the Wein- berg Village community Garden.

Photo credit: The Covenant Foundation

SPOTLIGHTS thought of themselves as their own entity, and I wanted to create a vil- lage. That was my reason for wanting to get that started. Weinberg Village Q: Did you meet these goals? During an interview with Gayle Newman, activities manager of Wein- berg Village, she explains that they had a very clear goal for the gar- A: Absolutely. I have residents from all 5 buildings planting in the gar- den and how it feels knowing that they reached that goal. den and have residents who are not gardeners who come out to inter- act with the gardeners. There are even people who watch from the Q: What was your institution’s motivating goals for starting a garden? windows. More importantly, I have residents helping residents. Instead A: My goal for the garden was to unify the residents and buildings so of living in their own little apartment in their own little worlds they were everyone would be involved and be able to garden. Each building starting to come out of their apartments and bond.

12 OWINGS MILLS JCC Early Childhood Education “We had a vision but it didn’t look like anything [we had at the time]. We took almost one year to start to Ellen Olsen, Associate Director of the Owings Mills JCC early figure out who, what, where, when, and how. We just childhood center, explains how knew that we wanted a garden for the children to it took them a while to plan ex- actly what they were going to experience.” do in the garden, but they had one main Kavanah and that’s what got them started:

13 THEMES FOR JEWISH GARDENING RESOURCE > For more information about the Torah’s agricultural tzedakah laws and a sample lesson plan to bring these laws to life Insights: Orienting your community garden around a theme is a see resource #8. great way to provide both structure (keva) and intention (kavanah) for your garden. Decisions around the types of plants to choose, the physical design and layout of the garden, and the educational op- Hebrew Calendar Garden portunities of the garden can all fall into place once you’ve decided on a theme. Keep in mind that you don’t need to pick only one Explore the sacred, sustainable rhythms of the Jewish calendar theme, and often times, the goals of your Jewish, community garden through a garden design that spatially represents the 12 months of can be accomplished through any theme. For example, many devel- the Jewish calendar. A Jewish calendar theme helps students con- oping gardens say that they want the garden participants to connect nect to the natural cycles and agricultural roots found in our tradi- with cycles in nature, develop an appreciation for how food grows, tion. For a full curriculum connected to Pearlstone’s Hebrew calen- develop fine motor skills, or learn to take responsibility over the well- dar garden, see resource #9. being of the garden. These universal values certainly can be ex- pressed through Jewish vocabulary, and they are fundamentally con- nected to the sacred act of gardening, no matter what theme you Brachot / Sensory Garden choose for your garden. Organize the different plots in your garden by the many blessings gardening affords us to say. The five-senses correspond nicely (al- Here are a number of garden themes developed by JCGC though not perfectly) with traditional Jewish blessings. While tasting gardens and Pearlstone to explore. is the most obvious, we can recite the borei minei b’samim blessing over fragrant herbs (smell), and oseh ma’aseh breishit/ sh’kacha lo ba’olamo over beautiful plants or trees in the garden (sight). Tzedek Garden Choose plants your participants have never seen or tasted to recite The Torah teaches us how to be Jewish farmers. Through mitzvot, the she’hechiyanu blessing, and take notice of strange looking crea- such as ma’aser (tithing), leket (gleaning dropped crops), pe’ah tures in the garden for the opportunity to say m’shaneh ha’briyot. Se- (gleaning the corners), shichecha (gleaning forgotten crops), and lect plants to represent each color of the rainbow to teach about di- shmita (the sabbatical year), there is extensive commentary on how versity and learn the blessing for seeing a rainbow, zocher ha’brit. to grow food “Jewishly.” Growing food for the needy, partnering with Make up blessings, cultivate gratitude, and recondition to see this a local food bank, or setting up gleaning days could be the driving world through eyes of wonder. impulse of your garden.

14 Matriarch’s Orchard Jewish Holiday Garden

Create a sacred space for women at your community garden by Similar to the Hebrew Calendar garden, Harford Jewish Center de- planting an orchard in honor of women past and present. Pearl- cided to orient their garden around growing plants that connect with stone’s Matriarch’s Orchard connects the attributes and middot of specific holidays in the Jewish calendar. Herbs were planted for the our foremothers to specific plantings and rituals that make this spice box used during havdalah, horseradish and parsley for Passo- space an ideal Rosh Chodesh gathering location. See resource #10 ver, blueberries for hamantashen for Purim, flowers for the bimah on for a Matriarch’s Orchard curriculum. Shavuot, and gourds for Sukkot. Depending on your climate, you could also sync with Israel’s traditional agricultural calendar, harvest- ing barley on Passover, wheat and bikkurim on Shavuot, and tree Israel / 7 species Garden fruits on Sukkot. Depending on your climate, you might be able to grow all or some of Israel’s 7 species (wheat, barley, figs, dates, grapes, pomegranates, olives). Teach about Israel by incorporating drip irrigation into your garden and other water-conservation techniques. Tanakh is filled with plant and wildlife references that could find a home in your gar- den. For more information, see here.

Kiddush Garden

Netivot Shalom named their garden “The Kiddush Garden” which is a double entendre. “Kiddush” is the colloquial term used to refer to the reception that is held each week after services. On Thursday, Netivot gardeners harvest vegetables from the garden and prepare them for Shabbat Kiddush, where the congregants enjoy the fresh bounty. In addition, “Kiddush” is the Hebrew word for holiness, which is precisely how the Netivot Shalom gardeners understand their garden, as a place to connect with God, each other, and partici- pate in the holy work of growing food.

15 FUNDRAISING AND BUDGETING

Insights: Determining the budget of a garden is a unique exercise for each community, and as such, it’s difficult to answer the oft- posed question, “How much will my community garden cost?” Here are some guiding questions and tips that we’ve learned working with the JCGC that will help you narrow in on the answer to this vital question.

What is the intended size/scale of your garden? We encourage new gardens to start small and grow in stages, based on the inter- est and preferences of your community. Starting small will re- duce the initial cost of the garden, making it easier for the project to get off the ground.

What hard materials do we need for our garden (soil, garden boxes, irrigation, fencing)? What must we purchase? What could be donated? What could we make from recycled materials?

What resources are available in your community? Before buy- ing anything new, find out who in your community is willing to pitch in on the project. Is there a nursery owner or carpenter in your community who’d be willing to donate materials?

Once you have developed an understanding of what your needs will be, start to explore outside funding opportunities. Community and educational gardening is growing in popularity and public support. Corporations and non-profits are often eager to support gardening projects in their community. This section offers a look at other helpful resources about fundraising and budgeting for The use of raised beds, known as your garden project. salad tables, makes for easier ac- cess. Photo credit: The Covenant Foundation 16 Here is a list of popular and effective ways of fundraising for your Here is a list of types of organizations to contact for potential garden. Each item of this list also includes a link to sites where you donations or discounted supplies. can find more helpful and step-by-step information on getting your Local Hardware Stores **See next spotlight for real life example!** fundraiser off the ground. For a more detailed account, see here. Get to know the local hardware store owner or the manager of the Applying for Grants - Look for private, corporate and community local garden center at Home Depot or similar building supply stores. funding foundations offering start up or “seed” money (no pun in- They often have bags of potting soil, mulch, stone, or vermiculite tended) for small community projects. that are broken and not in condition to sell. They may sell to you at half price! At the end of the season, such stores typically give away Bake Sales - Also includes: car washes, yard sales, bottle drives, seeds and other seasonal materials that they don't want to store or plant sales, etc. that have a short shelf life. Fund Raising Program - Usually comes as a package from a com- Local Florists pany and often requires an initial cash outlay. These include: flower A local florist can often be a supplier of plant material. They don't bulb sales, t-shirt sales, self-marketing items, and the like. If there is have time or space to nurse plants back to health and may gladly a pre-order option you can save a large initial outlay and reduce the contribute them to your "garden hospital." risk of losing money there. Neighborhood Residents Direct Donations and Gifts -These can come from individuals, busi- Don't dismiss the goodwill of the neighbors around your garden. nesses, governments, other non-profits and corporations. These of- They have a vested interest in keeping the garden in good condition ten come from those with a personal connection to the cause or com- because it affects the value of their property. munity. Librarians Event Fund Raising - This involves more work and often cash out- Work with a school or public librarian to identify books for the library lays. Carnivals, parties, dinners etc. These can also bring additional that will be useful in the development and maintenance of your gar- value in raising public awareness of your program, adds fun, and of- den. This might include curriculum guides and general gardening ten gains volunteers. books. Because libraries are continually updating their collections, they often donate books to non-profit organizations.

Source Credit RebelTomato Wholesalers If you have applied for non-profit status, you are entitled to buy from Click here to read more wholesale sources. "Shopping wholesale" usually lends you over

17 50% off retail price. What a deal! This makes your limited, precious RESOURCE > For more help planning a fundraising event, see here. funds go twice as far. And for information on how to figure the costs of your garden and tips on how to minimize costs, see here. Nurseries Local nurseries often allow you to buy "through them" at "cost." This allows them to help you access gardening products from wholesale suppliers that you may not be aware of and allows them to help you out without depleting their own resources. They may also donate plants to you at the end of the season. SPOTLIGHTS City Service Departments Some cities have programs in place to help community gardeners, Food and Faith Project providing resources such as land, tool rental, and utilities such as wa- In Baltimore, JCGC gardens couldn’t have asked for a better fundrais- ter and electricity for little or no cost. Contact a city council member ing partner than the Baltimore Food and Faith Project. A program of to see what types of services may be available to you. Johns Hopkins Center for a Liveable Future, Food and Faith provides small grants, up to $750, to faith communities, religious schools and other faith-based organizations to help create vegetable, fruit and

herb gardens to improve the local food system. To qualify for the grant, congregations/schools/organizations must be located in Balti- more City or in Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford and Howard Counties. Congregation Beth-El, Weinberg Village, Netivot Shalom, OMJCC, and HJC all applied and received at least one year of full funding from Food and Faith.

For more information on the Food and Faith Project grants, see here.

18 Weinberg Village

On June 14th 2012, volunteers from Home Depot built the expanded Weinberg Village Community Garden much to the senior’s delight. Home Depot brought several employees and all the materials and equipment needed to construct 36 new garden plots. Home Depot also generously donated planting tools and a compost bin. It took three, long, hot days of labor and skill to complete the project. The commitment and determination to deliver a well done product was tremendous and brought pride to everyone involved.

A collage of appreciation from Weinberg is displayed on the Home Depot employee bulletin board.

19 PRE-GARDEN PREPARATION Soil Health and Preparation

Insights: Learning about the health and safety of your soil is an im- In Genesis 2:15, Adam is placed in the garden of Eden and com- portant pre-requisite in the garden planning process. If your soil is manded to till it and tend it (l’shomrah u’liovdah). As guardians of unhealthy or contaminated, you might prefer to build a raised bed this Earth, how are we treating the soil that we depend on? What are and bring in new soil if you’re planning to grow food in your garden. the contaminants in our soil, and how did they get there? How can Alternatively, you could spend a season or two improving the health we better fulfill our mandate to be good stewards of this planet? of your soil through various inputs and cover crops. Each step of the process of building your community garden is filled Testing and preparing your soil, through home-kits or submitting a with deep learning opportunities and reminders of how to live mean- sample to a lab, is a dynamic and multi-disciplinary educational op- ingful lives guided by Jewish values. portunity. Beyond understanding the scientific make-up of our soil, we can ask deep questions about how we treat the soil.

20 GETTING YOUR SOIL TESTED HJC

“University of Maryland Extension recommends testing turf and gar- “Once the site was selected, there were several steps needed be- den soil every 3 - 4 years. A basic soil test that gives readings for fore our darling little plants would make it to their outside home. A soil pH, phosphate, potassium and magnesium levels is sufficient for lesson was presented that compared what it was to develop the bar- most home gardeners.” ren land we selected to that of establishing Israel from fallow land. The children learned what was needed to prepare the soil before Check out this website to watch a step-by-step video on collecting a planting and collectively they pulled all the rocks from the land, pre- soil sample. The website also contains answers to many frequently pared the soil, and covered the soil with newspapers so weeds asked questions about getting your soil tested. See, would not grow before we were ready to plant.” http://extension.umd.edu/hgic/soils/soil-testing -Roslyn Belkin, HJC Garden Captain

SPOTLIGHTS

Weinberg Village got their soil tested through The University of Mas- sachusetts at Amherst (UMASS) and received results as well as a soil test interpretation and recommendations. If you are interested to see what their soil report looked like, see here.

One risk to healthy soil is lead exposure. Here are some tips that were recommended to Weinberg Village by the UMASS report to help reduce lead exposure. Even in cases where soil conidtions have not been tested, it is best to follow these practices.

At Netivot Shalom – tilling the soil before planting.

21 What’s Jewish about compost?

Shamu Sadeh, Director of ADAMAH, offers the following connec- tions to answer the above question.

Blessing on the Re-Enlivening of the Dead

The second blessing of the Amidah, “Michayei Hamaytim,” “Who re- enlivens the dead,” is often understood as a messianic prophecy in COMPOST which the dead soul returns to life. An additional interpretation is that the blessing is a celebration of the continuously renewing cy- Insights: Composting, the act of intentionally setting aside biode- cles of life. The food scraps that end up in your compost bin will gradable organic matter to decompose and form nutrient-rich soil, is break down into fertile organic matter. Spread the compost over an invaluable component to a Jewish community garden. There are new plants that can in turn be harvested and enjoyed. The food many ways to compost, from indoor worm bins to outdoor compost scraps are not waste; their nutrients return to the land from which tumblers, but the common denominator is that composting teaches they came, to nourish and propel the future growth of other living be- us the importance of mindful resource use. ings.

We are accustomed to throwing away our trash and never seeing or Keva and Kavanah thinking about it again. But, where is ‘away,’ if not a landfill or incin- erator, likely located adjacent to an economically-depraved neigh- Greens and browns can be thought of as the keva (structure) and borhood? Even our recycling sits on the curb one moment and is kavanah (intention) of compost. Greens are high in nitrogen and gone the next. more nutrient-dense. Nitrogen is a major nutrient needed by all plants, and because nutrient-rich soil is our intention for compost, The vegetable scrap or garden weed that ends up in the compost greens can be thought of as kavanah. becomes the soil that we plant next year’s crop in. By composting in our community gardens, we teach people to be aware of the re- As important as kavanah is, it cannot succeed without the proper sources they use and where they go when they’re done with them. keva-structure to complement it. Without enough browns, the greens By witnessing the cycle of compost, we recognize that there’s much will not receive enough oxygen and will smell awful (anaerobic). work to be done in the world to internalize the value of bal tashchit, Browns are the keva-structure that support out kavana-intention for avoiding needless waste and destruction. fertile, nutrient-rich compost soil. As with compost, so with life- we must balance keva and kavanah in all that we do. For an activity exploring different kinds of soil and compost, see resource #30. 22 Evven ma’asu ha’bonim haytah li’rosh pinah- “The stone the builders 3 For a comprehensive and easy to read guide to composting that rejected has become the cornerstone.” Every food scrap, leftover, can even be hung above your compost bin, see here. old newspaper, or paper cup you are done using and have “re- 4 For help building your own structure to hold compost, see here. jected,” add to the compost pile. Through the regenerative proc- esses of compost, it will turn into the basis of new plant growth.

MORE RESOURCES ON COMPOST SPOTLIGHTS 1 Compost is a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling material produced by the natural decomposition of leaves, grass clippings, and many OMJCC Elana Havusha, a teacher at the OMJCC ECE, loves having the other organic materials. Finished compost contains an assortment of worm bin in her classroom. Students major and minor elements and other nutrients necessary for plant eagerly explore the worm bins, mar- growth and also improves soil structure. For a more detailed descrip- veling at the “disappearance” of their tion of what compost is and how it is made, see here. food scraps and the wiggling worms. Learning to handle the worms 2 Here are some reasons to compost in your garden: It reduces the gently and carefully is an important amount of material going to landfills. Municipal waste is composed lesson and a building block for learn- of 13% yard wastes, 12% food waste, and 34% paper, most of which ing to respect creatures of all shapes and sizes. Once the worms have can be composted (U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste 2005). done their work, the students harvest the compost to spread on the garden, Compost is a valuable and free soil amendment that saves garden- completing the full cycle. ers the money used to buy alternatives, such as peat moss, fertilizer, or vermiculite. Compost improves soil tilth, aeration, and water- holding capacity and contains a wide range of plant nutrients. All soils benefit from regular additions of compost. Compost sup- presses some soil-borne diseases. Populations of some microbes in compost may out-compete pathogens for food and habitat while oth- ers attack or repel plant pathogens. It’s good for the environment, fun, educational, and an activity the whole family can help with. For a more information on how compost is helpful to your garden and the environment, see here.

23 Johns Hopkins Hillel When we asked Hugo Uvegi, the “green SEEDS intern” at the Johns Hopkins Hillel, what his most memorable mo- ment in the garden was, he did not hesitate to describe his experi- Insights: One of the joys of starting a community garden is develop- ence with the compost pile. “Taking out the broken down compost ing a greater appreciation for the different ways plants grow. Some was just really cool. It was amazing to see soil come out knowing plants are directly seeded into the soil, while others benefit from that I had put in vegetables and plates. We know that this happens growing indoors or in a greenhouse to a seedling size to then be in theory but it’s really cool to see it actually work. I’m from NYC. It’s transplanted outside. While transplants can be purchased easily very different than picking up a bag of compost from Ace Hard- from nurseries, there is great satisfaction in growing your plants from ware.” seed and seeing them through their full cycle. Growing plants from seeds requires extra care, community participation (see Netivot Sha- lom’s approach), and advance planning.

In the early months of the year, when it’s too cold to garden, flip through seed catalogs to decide what you want to grow this year. Explore the different varieties of the plants, and pick some new varie- ties in addition to the familiar favorites. Celebrate and engage your community for each step of the journey, an indoor seeding day around Tu B’shvat, a transplanting day during the Omer, and many more. Check out Pearlstone’s Jewish educational resources around seeds and seeding. Resource #3 and Resource #4.

Direct Seeding vs. Transplants

The choice between direct seeding and transplanting seedlings comes down to two basic questions:

1 Does the vegetable transplant well?

2 Is your growing season long enough for the vegetables to mature

when planted from seed? Above, a JHU Hillel student shoveling greens into the compost bin.

24 3 Which vegetables should you direct seed and which ones should surprised that we were able to successfully grow every crop from you transplant? seed. This saved a tremendous amount of money.

Plants Usually Plants Usually Planted From Other Direct Seeded Transplanted Than Seed OMJCC Beans, beets, carrots, Basil, broccoli, Artichokes, corn, cucumbers, Brussels sprouts, Asparagus, Garlic, Seeds are interesting to compare and contrast and marvel at how garlic, lettuce, micro cabbage, Chinese Shallots, something so small can turn into a full-grown plant. The goals of this greens, muskmelons, cabbage, Horseradish, Onions, lesson plan are to gain an understanding of how a seed grows, to okra, parsnips, peas, cauliflower, celery, Potatoes, Rhubarb, learn the process of growing food, and to relate more to our food. pumpkins, radishes, chard, chives, Sweet Potatoes Here is a helpful lesson plan named “The Lifecycle of a Seed” rutabaga, salsify, collards, eggplant, Resource #6. squash, turnips, endive, escarole, watermelon kale, kohlrabi, leeks, mustard, okra, onions, parsley, peppers, tomatoes

For more information on the above chart, see here. SPOTLIGHTS

Netivot Shalom

In their second season, Netivot Shalom decided to try to grow all of their garden from seed. They organized a seed day in March, which attracted 20 congregants of all ages. A congregant kicked off the event with a beautiful d’var torah about their garden (Resource #5). Congregants each went home with their planters and tended to the seeds until the transplanting day in May. Abbe Zuckerberg, Netivot Shalom garden captain, shared, “Last season, we were pleasantly

25 PLANTS

Insights: Choosing what plants to grow in your garden should be a re- flection of both logistical considerations and the intentions and goals of your garden. Consider the growing needs and timelines of the plants you select to correspond with your institution’s calendar. For ex- ample, if you’re growing a garden at school that doesn’t have a sum- mer program, select crops that can be grown and harvested in the spring and fall or crops that can survive the summer without much maintenance.

If you’re gardening with limited space, consider the growing habits of different plants to maximize your space. Establishing clear goals for your garden will help you make appropriate plant selections.

For example, if you want to use the garden to teach about brachot, se- lect plants that correspond with different blessings. If you’re donating your produce to a food pantry, contact the pantry to hear what food they can receive. If your garden is intended to teach students about eating healthy foods, make sure to ask the students themselves what vegetables they enjoy eating. And, best of all, remember that we be- gin anew each season.

Enjoy the freedom to choose different plants from one year to the next!

This great resource helps you pick what plants to put in your garden based on what you’re looking for as well as what plants will survive in your local climate and environmental conditions, see here.

26 The following provides a general seasonal calendar. For a complete Here is a sample garden planning worksheet that you can use to guide on when and how to grow specific plants in your USDA grow- help keep track of the plants you decide to have in your garden. ing zone, see here. Type of Seed Indoor Transplantin Harvest Spacing Special Considerations (species, Seeding g Date Requirements Winter Spring Summer Fall cultivar) Date Date/ Direct (btwn. Plants & Rows) Plan the garden. Plant trays so Plant summer Start additional seeding date Order seeds (allow seedlings can crops. compost piles with 6 - 8 weeks for mature while the Keep the garden plentiful leaves delivery if ordering soil is being watered and and garden waste. by mail). prepared. weeded. Harvest summer Make/purchase Compost weeds, Harvest and enjoy crops. growing trays, grass clippings, the fruits of your Plant fall/winter trellises, cold and compost labor. compost crops. frames, and crops. In mild-winter shade-netting Harvest compost areas, plant fall units. crops, dig garden gardens of cool- beds, and spread weather crops at cured fall/winter the end of compost. summer. Plant cool-weather crops in early spring and warm- and hot-weather crops in late spring and early summer.

Above chart source: http://www.thevegetablegarden.info/garden-calendar

27 SPOTLIGHT May and June: Most intense watering happens during these months, while plants are establishing themselves and direct seeds Netivot Shalom are germinating. Families/individuals volunteer to manage one week at a time. Small amount of harvesting done of cool season crops. Netivot Shalom wrote up a basic seasonal timeline that explains the programs and gardening activities and what seasons they took July and August: Watering continues, but is less frequent, as roots place in. It’s helpful to write something like this at the beginning of have established themselves by now. This is the beginning of our the season so you can keep yourself on track. peak harvest season. Harvesting will be managed by volunteers, co- ordinated with the individuals who are sponsoring the weekly Kiddush.

Season Timeline Early to mid August: Plant cool season crops indoors again for Mid February: Plant early cool season crops that require starting in- transplanting in late August. Direct seed will be done at this time as doors. (i.e. broccoli and cauliflower, etc.). well.

Late March: “Seed Starting Day” where families gather to start warm September and October: Harvest of fall crops as they come in. season crops, like peppers and tomatoes, indoors, taking them Early to mid November: Garden clean up/seed collection. home to care for them.

Early April: Small group will turn a part of the garden to prepare for cool season crops, both plants and direct seeds, and will do the planting.

Early May: “Dig Day” where volunteers gather to put compost on beds and use a tiller to aerate and incorporate the compost. Cucum- bers, melons, and squash will be planted indoors in preparation for planting day in late May.

Late May: (a necessity this year because of calendar conflicts amongst the volunteers) “Planting Day,” where the garden is marked out and all the plants are put in the ground by a corps of volunteers.

28 TOOLS FOR YOUR GARDEN Hand Pruners Insights: When selecting tools for your community garden, keep in Invest in a pair of quality pruners, such as Felco, which is clearly a cut mind who will actually be using the tools. Children’s tools that are safe above. There are different types and sizes depending upon the type and and durable are available and are very fun to use. While you could purchase all of your tools, community members often have tools lying size of the job. Secateurs are for cutting small diameters, up to the thick- around that they’re willing to donate or lend to the garden. This is es- ness of your little finger. Anything larger and you need loppers. pecially helpful for the more expensive tools that are needed only Watering Can once a year (such as a roto-tiller). Some communities also have tool A watering can creates a fine even stream of water that delivers with a banks where you can “check-out” tools for a day or two. Also, some gentleness that won't wash seedlings or sprouting seeds out of the soil. tools, such as watering cans, can be made from old milk jugs and other recycled materials, which is a fun and educational project. Here Fork is a list of the most commonly used and necessary tools to have in You can't dig and divide perennials without a heavy-duty fork (and some dividing methods even suggest you own two!). your garden. The following list comes from an online community gar- dening resource called RebelTomato. For more info on tools, see here Spades and Shovels There are several different types and shapes of shovels and spades, Trowel each with their own purpose. There are also different types of hand A well-made trowel is one of your most important tools. From container holds for either - a "D" shape, a "T" shape, or none at all. They are a requi- gardening to large beds, a trowel will help you get your plants into the site tool for planting large perennials, shrubs, and trees, breaking soil. Essential for everyone. ground, moving soil, leaves, just about anything. The sharper the blade, Hand Fork or Claw or Cultivator the better. A hand fork helps cultivate soil, chop up clumps, and work amendments Wheelbarrow into the soil. A hand fork is necessary for cultivating in closely planted Wheelbarrows come in all different shapes and sizes (and prices). They beds. are indispensable for hauling soil, compost, plants, mulch, hoses, Hoe tools...everything you'll need to garden. A long-handled hoe is a gardener's best friend. Keeping weeds at bay is Gloves the purpose of this useful tool. Hoe heads come in all different shapes Unless you want to wear your favorite hobby under your nails, use and sizes, and every gardener swears by a different one. gloves. Leather gloves hold up best. If you have roses, get a pair that re- Hose sists thorn pricks. This is the fastest way to transport lots of water. Consider using drip irri- gation hoses or tape.

29 GARDEN SET-UP AND MAINTENANCE

What Type of Garden?

Insights: People typically associate community gardens with annual If your institution has the funding, building a greenhouse or hoop vegetable production. While annual vegetables are the most com- house can afford many opportunities for seed starting and season mon garden type, it might not be the best selection for your commu- extension. nity garden. For example, a school that doesn’t offer on-site pro- Outside of production, community gardens should also be a place gramming during the summer might want to consider growing peren- where people want to spend time. Community gardens could be de- nials or trees that are less labor-intensive and give their yield during signed to evoke feelings of mindfulness, prayer and serenity, natural the spring or fall. Rain gardens and native species gardens are ex- play spaces, or therapeutic healing. A garden is more than just culti- cellent choices to bring people together over local ecological is- vated space. Places to sit, shade structures, natural elements, edu- sues. cational signage, and art are all wonderful contributions to the

30 space. Similar to selecting themes for you garden, multiple garden SPOTLIGHT types can be incorporated into your garden design. Remember to keep your intentions and values at the forefront of the conversation. OMJCC Edible Schoolyard Garden and Outdoor Classroom The overall goal of the JCC’s ECE garden project is to create and There are multiple types of gardens you can create, depending on maintain a sustainable producing garden and to use the produce in what goals you have for the garden. Explore the following resource the “classroom” to introduce the value of vegetables in maintaining a to decide what kind of garden you might want to plant. Remember, healthy diet. The garden provides the ability to teach the 300 chil- you don’t have to only pick one! Mix and match, and create a di- dren (ages 2-5) in the preschool that food does not come from the verse and multi-faceted garden. (Resource #7) grocery store or restaurant. It helps by showing them how plants grow and how to protect and care for the land. The JCC used the success of their community garden to launch a large financial cam- paign to fund the construction of a new outdoor classroom adjacent to the garden. The outdoor classroom has natural play elements, such as a large tree log to climb on and a water flow station.

Bolton St. Synagogue, a non-denominational synagogue in down- town Baltimore, installed a rain garden as a part of a broader effort by the synagogue to “green” their property. Funded by the Chesa- peake Bay Trust, the synagogue is ripping up impermeable surfaces on its property and replacing them with native, water absorbent plants, in an effort to slow down and filter run-off water that ultimately deposits in the Chesapeake Bay. The post-confirmation class is plan- ning on installing two additional rain gardens, while studying the im- portance of water and ecological responsibility in Judaism.

31 There are a lot of different benefits to container gardening, raised beds, and in-ground planting. Here is some information on these three different approaches, as well as additional resources to help you learn more.

Container gardens are great for beginners for a variety of reasons: If a plant in a container garden gets a disease, like a fungus, then it is less likely to spread to all other plants in the garden. Unlike a regu- lar garden or other lawn chores, there is less back pain involved with a container garden. Container gardening makes it easier to save seeds. Growing things in containers allows for portability.

The variety of containers available to you allows you to design your small-scale garden in a way that both fits your needs and comple-

GARDEN BEDS

Insights: Consider the abilities and preferences of your participants when selecting the type of garden bed for your community garden. For example, if you’re building a garden for young children who might have difficulty avoiding stepping on plants, a raised container bed is an excellent way to delineate the “garden area.” The raised container bed should be small enough in width that the students can reach into the middle of the bed without stepping on the soil. For an activity about using your goof to garden, see resource #11.

The quality of soil on your site is another important determinant of the type of garden bed you select. If the soil quality is poor, building a raised container bed, which typically costs more than in-ground gardening, is the best option as you can bring in new, healthy soil. See the section on soil testing (p 20-21) to learn more.

32 ments your unique personality. Deer, rabbits, and other wildlife are Many resources exist that can provide you with a step-by-step guide less likely to dine on plants in your container garden. Container gar- to building your own raised beds or other type of garden containers. dens are also extremely kid-friendly. For more information on con- For information on how to make a raised bed from scratch or using tainer gardens and details on their advantages and disadvantages , creative recycled materials, see here. see here.

Raised Beds also have their own advantages, such as: Manageabil- SPOTLIGHT ity; Prevention of soil compaction and plant damage; Longer grow- ing season; Less weeding and maintenance; Better drainage; Easier Weinberg Villag Thanks to the help of Jon Traunfeld, director of Uni- soil amendments; Material conservation; Access for gardeners with versity of Maryland’s home and garden center, Weinberg Village is disabilities. Picture example shown on next page. For more informa- using custom-designed salad tables that better fit the needs of the tion and details regarding the advantages to raised bed gardening, residents. The tables have been adjusted to allow for enough soil to see here. grow crops such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers. Also, two of the tables were built at a different height and design to allow for wheelchair access. Students In-Ground Gardening is often the most straight forward way to be- from Kennedy Krieger High gin a garden. By making use of the already existing soil, it is less fi- School, a vocational school nancially demanding and requires less start-up work. In-ground gar- for teenagers with disabili- dening also has lower water requirements and is easier to irrigate. ties, built the tables for the Over all, this approach is less permanent and easy to change from seniors. When we expanded season to season. For more information and details regarding the ad- the garden at Weinberg vil- vantages to in-ground gardening, see here. lage going into the 2nd year, we built more salad tables, raised container beds with a Salad Table “The University of Maryland Salad TableTM” is essen- lip that allows the residents tially a shallow wooden frame with a large surface area and a mesh to sit while gardening, and bottom that allows water to drain. You can attach legs of any length in-ground beds for the most you desire or set it on saw horses or other supports. It is portable, capable residents. versatile, easy and inexpensive to build, and terrific for gardeners of all ages, sizes, and abilities. Picture example shown on next page.

33 WATERING AND IRRIGATION

Insights: Even through watering your garden might only require 10 minutes or the turning of a knob, it can be the single most intensive task in your garden, due to the almost daily need to water the plants. It’s advisable to set up a rotation of volunteers to water the garden. Think about who might be willing to take a shift, even peo- ple who are not otherwise involved with the garden. For example, at a synagogue garden that is primarily used by religious school stu- dents, daily minyan attendants might agree to water the garden af- ter services. In the summertime, high school students looking for community service hours might agree to water and cover basic tasks in the garden. The garden is an excellent tool to build bridges between distinct parts of an institution, and when done well, can lead to inspiring, multi-generational collaboration.

In addition to the logistical considerations, selecting a watering and irrigation system is a rich opportunity to promote educational val- ues. Rain barrels and drip irrigation both help conserve water and challenge us to think about Judaism’s relationship to water. Create activities in your garden to explore these themes. For an example, check out Pearlstone’s sample lesson plan named “Mashiv Ha’ruach u’Morid Ha’gashem”, Resource #12.

WATERING TIPS

Here are some important tips to keep in mind when watering: Focus on the root zone; water only when needed. water deeply and thor- oughly; water in the morning; mulch everything and use the proper tools. For a more detailed explanation of these tips and more ad- vice on watering a garden, see here.

34 There are various methods of irrigation that you may want to use for your community garden. Here are the four that we most recommend:

1 Overhead sprinkler 2 Rotary sprinkler

3 Hand watering 4 Drip irrigation.

For descriptions of each method, as well as their respective benefits and disadvantages (particularly for a community or school garden) see here.

USING WATER WISELY

Make sure to use water wisely. One way to use water wisely is by col- lecting rain water from your roof into a barrel, then using that to wa- ter your garden. Connect a soaker hose to your rain barrel and then use it in areas where it may not be convenient to have a spigot. Due to its low water pressure, a rain barrel is also a great way to water shallow rooted plants (such as rhododendrons). Find a good place SPOTLIGHTS to keep your rain barrel, such as near your compost pile so that you can keep your compost damp, promoting the composting process The Harford Jewish Center during the dryer months of summer. Rain water is usually soft and Joshua Cassaza and his father, Charlie, worked together on building free of dissolved minerals. This untreated water is great for your in- a rain barrel to collect water to irrigate the garden. In working on door plants, garden, lawn, or even washing your car. this project, he learned about the importance of conserving re- In older areas where storm sewers and sanitary sewers are com- sources and the Jewish value of “Bal Tashchit.” bined, the disconnection of downspouts can be enhanced by the use of a rain barrel. Collect rain water that would have otherwise been unnecessarily treated. For more information, including tips and On the next page, you will find a sample watering chart, which will easy directions on how to make your own rain barrel, see here. help you to keep track of what plants have been watered and when. Having a public chart like this is especially helpful when watering responsibilities are being shared by multiple people.

35 Netivot Shalom

Watering the Kiddush garden has been the single most successful way of getting families involved with the garden. Using a schedule, families sign up to manage a week of the garden’s responsibilities. During the first two seasons, this has primarily been about being re- sponsible for turning the hoses on for a preset period of time, pend- ing rainfall. In the coming season, garden captains will compose a written set of guidelines.

Above is an example of the drip irrigation set up at Netivot Shalom.

36 Johns Hopkins Hillel

In connection with Sukkot, Johns Hopkins Hillel planned a lunch and learn in their Sukkah. On Sukkot, it is traditional to start praying for rain in Israel. Hopkins students explored their connection to rain and debated how to understand our tradition’s intertwinement of rain and our behavior. For a copy of their source sheet, see resource #13.

HARVEST SCHEDULE

Insights: Harvesting is one of the greatest joys of growing a commu- nity garden. Relish the opportunities; bring people together to cele- brate the harvests, both small and large; make a blessing in the gar- den and sample your harvest; photograph your harvests; trace back the story of your harvest to earlier moments in the season. The Jew- ish calendar is filled with holiday harvests, and a Jewish community garden presents many opportunities to bring to life the agricultural roots of our calendar. Enjoy these beautiful artistic representations of Israel’s agricultural harvest calendar, created by Psachyah Lichtestein.

37 Beth-El Early Childhood What crops can you trellis?

While Israel’s agricultural season doesn’t always match up with our Some crops like to climb and therefore grow best vertically. For more climate, harvesting and celebrating bikkurim on Shavuot is the per- information on vertical gardening, see here. fect opportunity to celebrate the garden’s harvest as the spring end Tomatoes—Trellis nonbush or indeterminate types, which keep grow- and summer begins. Check out Beth-El’s bikkurim lesson plan for a ing and producing fruits until frost. (Determinate varieties are often fun way to explore the holiday’s themes. Resource #15. For a har- bushy.) vest schedule of basic fruits and vegetables in Maryland, see here. Peas & Cucumbers—Grow nonbush varieties on trellises. Bush types don't need trellising; their vines reach only 4 to 6 feet long.

TRELLISING Pole beans, Gourds & Melons—As a general rule, any variety with fruits smaller than a volleyball can be trellised. Vines will grow strong Insights: Since many community gardens have limited space to work enough to hold the weight of the fruit, so there's no need to support with, trellising is a fantastic way to maximize your space. You can use fruits with individual hammocks. a wide variety of materials to trellis, and encouraging plants to grow vertically makes for a healthy and visually pleasing garden. Trellised Squash & pumpkins—Small-fruited and nonbush types, such as beans, tomatoes, and cucumbers are easier to pick, help avoid wa- miniature pumpkins, and acorn and buttercup squash, are suitable ter moisture damage, and add a third dimension to your garden. for trellising. Allow your participants to get creative with trellising, using recycled materials and adding your own artistic touch to the trellising.

When you grow your vining vegetables upward, you use less ground space. This increases your yield per square foot because you can fit more plants into the garden. Monitoring and controlling pests is easier because they're right in front of your face. Harvesting is also easier, as there's no stooping or hunching over. No more waste due to overripe fruits that are hidden under lush growth. Vertical gardens increase accessibility for gardeners with disabilities because they can tend and pick from a chair or garden seat.

38 There are various approaches to trellising, each intended to serve a weeds are naturally occur- particular purpose. Some crops (which are heavier) will require a ring and can be attended to sturdy trellis. Where as others (which are more delicate) can utilize a in a number of ways. For lightweight design. For more information on different trellising more information on natural designs, such as: Staked Row; A-Frame; Branch; Cage; and Tepee, weed control, see here. see here. ● Mulch - Organic mulches PEST AND WEED CONTROL include straw, wood chips and shredded bark. Apply a Insights: While weeds and pests can be a frustrating aspect to gar- 2- to 3-inch layer of organic dening, there are organic methods and tips in this section for control- mulch to prevent weeds, ling both issues in your garden. Despite these methods, you’ll likely and ensure any straw need to spend some time weeding in your garden. Keep in mind mulches are free of weed that many children do not carry a negative stigma towards weeding seeds before using. and greatly enjoy the satisfaction of pulling weeds out of the garden. ● Cultivation - Frequent cul- In some cases, finding an edible weed can be a surprising and satis- tivation prevents many weed fying treat. Here’s an activity that can turn weeding into an enjoyable plants from becoming estab- and educational game for children. See, Resource #16. lished. Using a hoe or rake, Remember that in addition to the pests that frustratingly eat your break up the top ½ to 1 inch of soil between each plant and row in crops, there are also beneficial pests that are necessary pollinators the garden. By breaking up the soil, weed seedlings are uprooted for your crops or potentially keep other pests out of your garden. and left to die. When using a cultivation method, do so during the Many farmers keep pests out of their crops by spraying dangerous heat of the day so the uprooted weeds quickly dry out and die. pesticides. Planting a garden with many types of crops, a polycul- ● ture, as opposed to a field of one crop (corn, soy, wheat) helps allevi- Handpulling - The most labor-intensive weed removal method is ate the need for pesticides. For an activity exploring bugs and pulling the weeds by hand. In any garden, some hand pulling is nec- diversity, see Resource #37. essary, especially for weeds that root closely to desirable plants that would be harmed by other weed removal methods. To pull properly, Natural Weed Control grasp the weed near the base of the stem and pull straight up.

The following techniques will help to manage the “unwanted growth” ● Prevention - Preventing weeds in the first place saves labor later that will occur in your garden. Although not desirable, pests and in summer. Remove weeds from beds before they form seed heads.

39 IMPORTANT: If you compost your weeds, don't throw any weeds that Here are two additional resource that you may also find helpful. For have already set seed into the compost pile. These seeds can sur- more information on companion planting, see here, and for more vive the compost process and later turn up in the garden. information on organic methods of controlling pests, see here.

Insect and Animal Pest Control Additional Tips

Some plants, known as companions, work to naturally repel certain Build raised beds for your vegetable garden. Raised beds can de- pests and can even encourage the presence of helpful pollinators. ter animals from entering your vegetable garden. Small animals like Keep in mind that companion plants do not always do the job they rabbits are often reluctant to leave ground level to enter a raised are intended to, or as well as you may need them to. As with much bed, as they instinctively avoid areas where they will be highly visi- of gardening, you should experiment with them and learn through ble. the process of trial and error. The following chart will orient you to Make the pathways between your beds as narrow as possible. some useful companion plants and their uses. For more information, This consideration also plays to small animals' reluctance to make see here. themselves highly visible and vulnerable. If the pathways between Companion What It Is Believed To Do (Good & Plant Name your vegetable beds are only about a foot (30 cm) wide, rabbits and to: Bad) other small animals will be less likely to enter your garden for fear of

Repels aphids, flies, mosquitos and mites; Tomato, exposure to predators. Basil helps control insect pests such as tomato asparagus hornworms, asparagus beetles, and disease. Beets, Encourages growth of companion plant. Adds Interplant different vegetables with each other. Plants like garlic, Bush beans (Butter, carrots,cucumber, nitrogen to the soil. Green beans protect green, snap, string,wax) corn, eggplant, onion, marigolds, chives, and lavender can all be used to repel rab- eggplant from the Colorado potato beetle. potato,strawberry bits, deer, and some other animals. Interplanting these vegetables Improves growth and flavor--but plant only one Chamomile Cabbage, onions with the rest of your crops keeps animals from attempting to eat the plant every 150 feet or so. more attractive vegetables Coriander Vegetables Repels aphids. Attracts bees. Corn, beans, Improves growth. Vines growing with corn help Build fencing around your vegetable garden beds. Fencing is Cucumber peas, radish, anchor corn and discourage raccoons. sunflowers one of the most effective solutions for keeping animals out, although it also tends to reduce your own access to your vegetables. Carrots, celery, Leek Improves growth, repels carrot flies. onions Encourages growth, deters Mexican bean Add plenty of mulch around your vegetables. Many animals are Tomato, potato, beetles and other pests.. Discourages harmful Marigold strawberry, beans, nematodes, if they are grown for several reluctant to walk over mulched areas, especially if they do not have roses seasons in the ground in areas that have nematode infestations. the additional cover of weeds.

40 JEWISH SOURCES ABOUT BUGS small organic farmers and building communities in close relationship to their food and the earth. The Rabbis said: Even though you may think superfluous in the world things such as fleas, gnats, and flies, even they are included The CSA model has many advantages for both farmers and consum- in the creation of the world. The Holy One has a purpose for ers. Advantages for farmers: Get to spend time marketing the food everything including the snakes, scorpion, gnats, and frogs. early in the year, before their 16-hour-days in the field begin; Re- Midrash Rabbah, B’reishit (Genesis) 10:7 ceive payment early in the season, which helps with the farm's cash flow; Have an opportunity to get to know the people who eat the “A man should consider himself as a worm, and all other small food they grow. Advantages for consumers: Eat ultra-fresh food, with animals his friends in the world, for all of them are all created.” all the flavor and vitamin benefits; Get exposed to new vegetables Bal Shem Tov and new ways of cooking; Usually get to visit the farm at least once a season; Find that kids typically favor food from "their" farm – even Why were human beings created last in the order of Creation? So veggies they've never been known to eat; Develop a relationship that they should not grow proud – for one can say to them, ‘Even the with the farmer who grows their food and learn more about how food gnat came before you in creation!’ ______is grown. For more information on CSA’s, see here. Tosefta Sanhedrin 8:3 ● Food Pantry

Netivot Shalom had extra produce every week to donate to Ahavas WHAT TO DO WITH FOOD FROM THE GARDEN? Yisrael, which provides fresh food for Shabbat to needy, Orthodox Sometimes your growing operation is so successful that it may be families in Baltimore. For more information, see here. difficult to actually eat everything you produce before it spoils. Organizing community meals and sharing your bounty with friends is Needs to Grow partnered with an established farmer in nearby a great way to make use of excess food. However, if you anticipate a Stevenson, MD, who donated a small section of his property for large surplus, you may consider some of the following options. Chana to utilize for her program. Chana, Betsy, and their “crews” of participants with developmental disabilities had already planted the ● Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), is a mutually suppor- seeds for their first season’s harvest of vegetables and herbs. The tive commitment between farmers and consumers. In exchange for generous farm has an established clientele and is also a vendor at a seasonal fee, CSA members receive a weekly share of delicious, farmers markets. Teaming up with him opened some avenues for fresh, often pesticide- and chemical-free produce. CSA’s in the business for some of the herbs, flour and baked goods which Needs United States have been around since the mid-1980′s, and have to Grow groups prepare. been enormously successful as an economic model supporting 41 ● Seed Saving “Each class took a planter and planted something different. We tried to plant foods that the children would eat. The children are so excited to For information on “easy to save seeds” from plants such as eggplant, see the plants grow. Now they have peas and beans for snack every cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, melons, and squash, see here. Seed day.” ______saving and current issues surrounding GMO’s and the shrinking seed ___ —Aileen Freedman, director of Learning Ladder bank are complex and varied. For an activity and discussion introduc- ing the topic, see resource #17.

● Market

Here are some ideas for potential places to sell your produce: Farm- ers Markets; Garden Stands; Mobile Markets, Schools, CSA. For more information on selling at a market, see here.

● Preserving the Harvest

Pickling, canning, and making preserved foods are a great way to en- joy fresh produce from your garden throughout the cold season. Pre- serving the harvest is a fun, hands-on skill that has a diverse and rich cultural tradition and many connections to Jewish food traditions. Here is helpful information on how to make pickles, sauerkraut, borscht, and preserve our Jewish culture through lacto-fermented foods, see Resource 18.

AND DON’T FORGET TO... EAT YOUR VEGETABLES!

42 GARDEN SPOTLIGHTS Insights on Early Childhood Gardens with the cycles of nature, and to develop their sense of love and won- Education der of the world. Don’t re-invent the wheel. There are numerous gar- Early childhood centers are perhaps the most natural fit for an dening and nature-based resources out there for early childhood educational garden. Typically, early childhood centers are focused audiences. While most are secular, Jewish concepts and vocabulary on experiential, sensory, and hands-on learning. The garden is a can be easily interwoven. great way to get kids outside, playing in the dirt, and developing fine motor skills. Garden Design and Planning Selecting garden themes, such as a sensory/brachot garden, edible The goals of early childhood education tend to correlate well with snack garden, or a Jewish holiday garden, provide clear categories the values of gardening. Teachers want their students to learn how to the garden experience to a young learner. The garden can be- to take care of other living things, to learn responsibility, to interact come a natural place for these lessons to come to life.

43 Incorporate the garden into a larger play space, or design LEARNING LADDER intentional play space into your garden. A garden is a great tool, but Learning Ladder is a Jewish it’s not a space where kids can necessarily play freely. Kids need to pre-school and child care run around, climb, dig, and explore without boundaries. Build a box center in Pikesville and a in the garden just filled with soil so the kids can dig without disturb- program of Temple Oheb Shalom. ing your plants. Many early childhood centers are year-round, mak- While Learning Ladder was a new addition to the JCGC in 2012, ing school gardening much easier than other school settings. there was a rich tradition of community gardening at Oheb Shalom. Engaging teachers and parents Gan Chaya, located on Oheb Shalom’s property, was Baltimore’s old- est and longest-running Jewish community garden. For 9 years, Teachers must model comfort and excitement in the garden. If a stu- members of Oheb Shalom and several adjacent synagogues shared dent observes a teacher grossed out by a worm or getting dirty, the the garden space. Individuals and families were assigned plots student will likely internalize that reaction. within the garden to maintain and grow what they pleased. Monthly Jewish garden education is a nascent field, and it’s unreasonable to work days were organized to bring the community together. Sadly, expect that all teachers will know how to use the garden for Jewish participants lost interest in the garden, and in 2011, the garden lay educational purposes. Provide resources, curriculum, and training fallow. when possible to make your staff more comfortable with the topic. Learning Ladder seized the opportunity to participate in our Jewish Parents are typically more involved in early childhood settings than community gardening initiative. With a garden already built and in other school settings. Engage parental support, ideas, and involve- their backyard, the pre-school jumped at the opportunity to use the ment in the garden. Cultivate parent leaders who can help fundraise space. Aileen Freedman, director of Learning Ladder, brought Pearl- and advocate for the garden amongst other parents. Plan events for stone staff to school in the winter to facilitate a 3-part training series parents and their kids to come out to the garden together. There’s for the staff in Jewish, garden education. The teachers mapped out nothing better than intergenerational gardening, and sometimes you the design of the garden, focusing on planting vegetables the need adult support for some garden tasks. students would enjoy harvesting for snack. Rosemary Murphy, lead garden captain and teacher, explained, “Our goal was to have each of our classrooms choose one of our 14 beds and plant something with their class.” Although Gan Chaya is no longer running, a new generation of gardeners has taken the reigns!

To find out more about Learning Ladder, see here.

44 “I enjoyed watching the children’s excitement when we would go out each morning and check on the gardens, and then their excite- Advice From the Field ment when we had our own garden vegetables for snack time.”

Aileen Freedman, director of Learning Ladder, spoke to the —Rosemary Murphy, Garden Captain difference one year can make:

“This year we had the help of Pearlstone and wonderful trainings with Morris. Last year, we weren’t even sure where to start! The chil- dren helped the teachers weed the garden, and then we planted a variety of plants from started seeds. We watered and weeded on a regular basis. Each class took a planter and planted something different. We tried to plant foods that the children would eat. The children are so excited to see the plants grow. Now they have peas and beans for snack every day.”

As the leaders of the garden, make sure to find your sacred and re-energizing moments in the garden. Hear about Rosemary Murphy’s inspiring experience with her students:

“I think that my colleague Jill Davis, who worked everyday last sum- mer with me weeding the gardens and I were blessed working in the garden. It was good therapy for both of us and the children ... I got involved because I think it’s important for children to experi- ence the fun of working and playing in G-d's earth.”

“Some children had never had such an experience. They were all so proud. They would be so excited to show their moms and dads in the evenings when they would pick the children up after work. I would encourage others to keep trying and don't give up”

Pre-schoolers at Learning Ladder help level the soil with their hands before planting.

45 flowers to attract pollinators and butterflies, and fragrant herbs for sensory exploration. The experience has been great for the children. They love the planting, the digging, harvesting, and eating straight from the garden. For more information about Beth El, see here.

Advice From the Field

Engaging Families

BETH EL “The families come with children and do the final cleaning. Seeing everyone engaged in the garden together with the congregation is memorable and really important.”

Here is the story of the Beth El garden, as told by Ilene Vogelstein, “The motivation for starting the garden was to give families the expe- director of Beth El Early Childhood Center. rience of gardening, to be able to have a better understanding where food comes from. It doesn’t come from the supermarket, it The Pauline Mash School for Early Childhood Education is affiliated comes from the ground.” —Ilene Vogelstein with the Beth El Congregation, a progressive Conservative synagogue affiliated with the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. The motivation for starting the garden was to give families Memorable Snapshot the experience of gardening, and for them to have a better “There are some isolated experiences when a child will go to the gar- understanding of where food comes from. Through the use of the den and pick a zucchini and it’s their prized possession. Every time garden, we’d be able to have curricular materials on environmental a child sees something in the garden, picks it and eats it, I’m sustainability and food justice. We also wanted it to be a congrega- thrilled.” —Ilene Vogelstein tional project. We wanted to find something that we would be able to do together with the congregation to build a stronger relationship Starting the Garden between the preschool and congregation. “Just start it! Na’aseh v’nishma. It becomes more purposeful once To kick off the first season, Beth El hosted a family garden planting you understand the cycle of a garden. It takes a lot of energy, care, right before heading into Friday night Shabbat services, attracting love and attention. If you think too much about it, you might not start both pre-school families and other congregants. Over two seasons, it. Once you start a garden there will always be something positive the garden has been used by the pre-school, the summer camp, coming out of it and then you can keep planning from there.” and the congregation. The garden has grown vegetables for snack,

46 “I think the biggest challenge is to have particular goals. The garden The JCC used the success of their community garden to launch a experience of planting, weeding, harvesting, and eating is great. large financial campaign to fund the construction of a new outdoor Having purposeful curriculum around it is a challenge. Engaging the classroom adjacent to the garden. The outdoor classroom has natu- congregation has also been a challenge.” —Ilene Vogelstein ral play elements, such as a large tree log to climb on and a water flow station. The garden introduces novice growers, children and parents alike, to the pleasures and mysteries of the natural world OWINGS MILLS JCC ECE and the challenges and rewards of horticulture. For more on the Ow- ings Mills JCC ECE, see here. “Just as my ancestors planted for me, so I plant for my children” Advice From the Field ddd —Babylonian Talmud

Here is the story of the Owings Mills JCC ECE, as told by Ellen Memorable Snapshots Olsen, the Early Childhood Education Associate Director and “There’s one thing that sticks out. I had a parent here who went to Garden Captain. school here as a child and is coming now with his child. He had In the fall of 2009 Trudy Greenberg presented the idea of the garden never ever planted a bulb before. He had no idea. Seeing him get to the school in memory of her late son, who was an avid gardener. down and dirty, and then a few weeks later when they bloomed he A committee of parents and master gardeners was formed with the came running to me and said ‘look what I did!’.” vision to create a sustainable garden. We realized that we needed “The biggest reward is obviously seeing the children eat their professionals to guide us through the process so we joined the harvest. That’s what it’s all about.” —Ellen Olsen, Garden Captain Jewish Community Gardening Collective, a program that empowers Jewish institutions with the knowledge and skills needed in order to Parent Involvement create our own Community Garden. Parent engagement became an emphasis of the OMJCC, whose The overall goal of the JCC’s ECE garden project is to create and strong parents’ association backed the garden financially. Ellen maintain a sustainable producing garden and to use the produce in noted the difference one year can make in terms of attracting fami- the “classroom” to introduce the value of vegetables in maintaining a lies to the garden for the garden party: healthy diet. The growth of the early childhood’s vegetable garden “The greatest challenge is getting parents and staff to actually use over the three years has shown dedication and commitment. Each the garden. A huge challenge is getting volunteers ... This year we class shares the responsibility of planting, maintaining, and ulti- have about 25 adults and 22 kids coming, whereas last year we had mately harvesting the garden’s produce for healthy snacks. To date, only 2 families. I’m very excited!” —Ellen Olsen, Garden Captain we have a garden consisting of eight raised beds. Schools typically have set days on their calendars where parents visit for an open house, teacher conference, student performance, 47 or other forms of engagement. Adding a short activity in the garden to these days is a great way to build momentum and parent investment in the garden. Eventually, you’ll be able to attract parents out to the garden for garden workshops, planting days, and other garden projects.

Building the Team

The OMJCC put together a strong team of garden captains, each bringing specialties and strengths to the project. Ilene Meister and Ellen Olson, the ECE’s director and associate director, provided the oversight and curricular support for the garden. Chris Sigman, coor- dinator of the Healthy Choices Initiative, helped integrate the garden into the existing curriculum. Norman Cohen (master gardener) and Holly Cymet (parent volunteer) took the lead in designing the garden area and providing their gardening knowledge toward the planning and growing of crops. Holly Cymet shared, “Collaborating with peers was good. Hearing people share their differing knowledge and ideas stimulated my thoughts on what we could do with our space beyond what we al- ready had in mind.”

The leadership at the school understand that while children are naturally drawn to “getting their hands dirty,” the teachers are often the biggest obstacle to successful out- door education; therefore, the school brought Pearlstone educators in for six hours of profes-

48 sional development in Jewish, garden education. You never know if gardening or construction is the secret passion of a congregant. Put the word out, and prepare to engage people who Here are two more garden-based lesson plans created by OMJCC don’t usually volunteer. staff. Resource #19 and Resource# 20. Educational Goals

Integrate the garden into the existing curriculum/ educational goals Insights on Synagogue Gardens of the synagogue. This might mean selecting a grade or two in the religious school that have themes that can be enhanced by the Target Audience and stake-holders garden.

Determining the target audience(s) for garden use is an important Plan garden programs in alignment with the Jewish calendar and/or first step in creating a synagogue garden. While many synagogues established synagogue events. For example, if the synagogue al- identify the religious school as the primary garden participants, the ready gathers for a Sukkot building party, plan to harvest gourds garden is also a great educational and engagement tool for young from the garden to decorate the Sukkah with. Or, if the synagogue adults, retired seniors, bar/bat mitzvah projects, green committees, organizes a food donation campaign around the high holidays, set social action groups, and interfaith work. aside some produce from the garden to contribute to the campaign.

Especially if the religious school is the primary audience for the gar- The garden can be designed as an outdoor classroom or worship den, identify strategic allies within the synagogue to help cover ba- space. Build an arbor or shaded space to sit. Make music and art sic garden upkeep needs. For example, daily minyan attendants in the garden. Write poetry and prayers. Infuse the space with might enjoy watering the garden every morning, and high school stu- sacred intention. dents might help take care of the garden in the summer for commu- nity service hours. Garden Sustainability

Consider opening up the garden to non-members as a community- Document your successes! Take pictures of the garden and include building tool. When planning to build a garden, assemble a diverse them in the synagogue bulletin. Post recipes of garden-table treats team that represents the different facets of the synagogue. Include enjoyed at Kiddush or school snack. Thank your volunteers publicly educators, clergy, parents, student leaders, maintenance, and for their contributions. congregants with gardening experience. Start small! Develop your garden over time so as not to bite off more than you can chew.

49 distributors. There is no doubt: The project enhances the community as a true Kiddush Hashem. For more on Netivot Shalom, see here. NETIVOT SHALOM Advice From the Field Here is the story of the Netivot Shalom garden, as told by Judy Floam. Netivot Shalom was one of two JCGC gardens featured in the Cove- nant in Action article, written by H. Glenn Rosenkrantz. Excerpts Netivot Shalom is a young congregation from the article are posted below; to read the full article, see here. (2004) that was established to add a new dimension to Orthodox Jewish practice in Reflections and Experiences Baltimore. Environmental stewardship and a Ari Moskowitz was beaming as he held his newborn baby while respect for Hashem’s (G-d’s) Earth has been a priority since the con- surveying the fall harvest.“It is amazing to me how much this new gregation’s inception. The congregation received a grant from the garden parallels growing a family and a community,” he said. “There Pearlstone Center’s Community Garden Collective to establish a gar- is a connection between the earth and sustaining and nurturing den in Netivot’s sun-filled backyard during spring 2011. It has God’s creation, and my wife and I starting and growing a family and been named the “Kiddush Garden” which is a double entendre. “Kid- being a part of Jewish community and continuity. That cycle is right dush,” literally to make holy, is the blessing over wine, and it also re- here before us.” fers to the reception that is held each week after services. We har- vested cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, broccoli, squash, carrots, pep- “Over tending to this garden, I met people who I never knew,” said pers, radishes, and even cantaloupe. We enjoyed the harvest at Kid- Abbe Zuckerberg, a garden captain at Congregation Netivot Sha- dush each week and also shared our bounty with the needy, by do- lom. “It became a place for schmoozing and connecting. People nating produce to Ahavas Yisroel, which provides food to families in the Baltimore Jewish community.

Highlights of the summer were congregation-wide gatherings to dig, plant, and a few months later, harvest. These gatherings featured divrei Torah (learnings from the Torah) on garden themes, gardening instruction, and many children eager to dig in the dirt and help out. The word kiddush is also encompassed in “Kiddush Hashem,” or a sanctification of Hashem’s name. Truly a communal effort, the gar- den project has enabled participants to 1) share the bounty with one another, 2) share with the neighbors, and 3) give to charitable food

50 who never lifted a hoe were enthralled by this project. And it was a ple to the shul this way. In fact, Mindy Dickler said that she decided very public statement that we were doing something positive for our to join Netivot Shalom because of their garden!” Jewish community and for the earth.”

Community Effort “Find the people who really like to garden and get them committed. Abbe Zuckerberg, lead garden captain, wrote in an email to the en- A garden needs regular tending. We get a big crowd at the begin- tire congregation, “I just had to take a moment to kvell. We have ac- ning, but every week we need someone to make sure the garden complished an awful lot together and have already exceeded last gets watered, to harvest, and keep an eye on things. We need a year's efforts. How? regular group of committed people and a regular schedule.” r r —Judy Floam 1 EVERYTHING WE PLANTED WAS FROM SEED! Memorable Snapshot 2 We have harvested cool weather crops before the date that we even tilled our garden last year (How about that Bok Choy Salad, Congregational member Judy Floam describes one moment that’s and the turnips, radishes broccoli and snap peas this week?) very memorable. “We were doing Dig Day, which is repairing the soil, we had a rototiller and the kids were busy pulling weeds. There This is huge and it is all due to our combined efforts. None of us was one kid who was about 5 or 6; he discovered an earthworm and could have planted a garden of the size that we have in two hours. he got totally into looking for earthworms and got so excited about it. We did it as a COMMUNITY. Thank you all for helping our garden to That was really neat for me to see this kid getting excited about the grow l'elah ul'elah.” sideline parts of gardening”. After a season of inadequate fencing and the frequent visiting of a Educational programming family of local deer, Netivot Shalom decided to invest in a 7-foot tall deer fence. Putting the fence up was a big project, and they needed “The greatest challenge is using the garden as an educational tool. help. Project Build, a summer program for boys returning from ye- For that you have to have people who have an educational back- shiva study in Israel, responded and pitched-in for a true community ground and that’s not necessarily the same people who like to building day. To learn more about Project Build, see Resource #23. garden.” —Judy Floam

Engaging New Participants Netivot Shalom did an excellent job coordinating major garden work projects with Jewish themes and holidays. Seeding and the formal Abbe Zuckerberg said, “The garden looks great and I LOVE how start to the gardening season was kicked off with a garden-related everyone goes over to look at it during kiddush and even through d’var torah (Resource #5) Yom Yerushalayim was celebrated as a the windows during davening. I think we may be attracting new peo- planting day, Sukkot was the garden take-down day (Resource #22) 51 and even Tisha B’Av was connected to the garden. For Netivot Sha- Our garden thrives today, but most important, are not the products lom’s innovative Tisha B’Av garden program, see Resource #21. yielded in the garden. The humanity and generosity promoted by the garden’s existence tells many stories of sacrifice, care, and dedica- tion. To learn more about the Harford Jewish Center, see here. HARFORD JEWISH CENTER Advice From the Field Here is the story of the Harford Jewish Center, as told by Roslyn Community Engagement Belkin, lead Garden Captain. “There was a temple member who felt unaffiliated. He volunteered Our garden actually started on one of the Tu B’shevat holiday cele- his time and weeded the whole garden all by himself. He felt affili- brations. Our students were introduced to “the birthday of the trees” ated. That was amazing.” with a school-wide project of planting indoors. Our Rabbi realized that the Pearlstone Center was facilitating a project that could possi- “The mushroom soil was delivered one day but not near the garden. bly connect the plantings from Tu B’shevat into a larger more mean- I had to transfer this huge mound of soil and I didn’t know what to ingful program for our religious school. Thus came the themed idea do. Some children and 4 men showed up, men that usually aren’t ac- of using our plant starters to help celebrate our Jewish holidays. The tive in the temple. They came to transfer the mound of dirt in the items that were to be planted needed to tie in with our holidays [and] raised beds.” we had a head start since we had pumpkins that would be used for “These are magical moments. The garden has helped people who the celebration of Sukkot and parsley for the celebration of are not normally involved with the temple.ddddddddddddddddddd Passover. It was decided that herbs would be planted for the spice f ffff—Roslyn Belkin, Garden Captain box used during havdalah, horseradish for Passover, blueberries for hamantassen for Purim and flowers for the bimah on Shavuot.

Our garden has become a root connection to more than the holidays. At our Temple, students are expected to complete 3 pro- jects before having their Bar/bat Mitzvah. One of the 3 requirements is to perform a task to benefit the community. Several of our stu- dents have chosen the garden. This project not only drew students closer to our Temple community but also to their families. More often than not, families came to work in the garden alongside their child.

52 Memorable Snapshot

“To me the garden became a fairy tale. It’s hard to get volunteers and no one wanted to step up to the plate, but once you make the effort people followed. It was more a human interest story than a physical endeavor. It became a beautiful indication of what the human spirit will do.” —Roslyn Belkin, Garden Captain

Proper Planning

“You need to have a community plan and many people involved. You have to decide who benefits, who reaps the harvest, and who is re- sponsible.”

“Always involve children and that brings along the parents.” f —Roslyn Belkin, Garden Captain

HJC’s garden planting day took place on their annual Mitzvah Day, which attracts the entire religious school and the students’ families to the synagogue for a day of service. Planning the most significant garden work block on Mitzvah Day was an excellent way to both get the job done and introduce the garden to people who might other- wise not have interacted with it. It’s usually a good idea to weave the garden activities into an existing engagement strategy. And don’t for- got to say thank you! See, Resource #24.

Educational Programming

HJC used the building of the garden to teach about the settlement of the Land of Israel and all of the planning required and obstacles along the way. The persistence and community effort required to build and maintain a successful garden helped students begin to understand what the chalutzim experienced. See, Resource #25.

53 Insights on Gardening with Seniors gardening and broader topics, such as spirituality, health, family, and food traditions. Garden Design and Target Audience Engaging the Public Depending on the physical capabilities of the seniors, custom-built A garden at a senior center is a wonderful project to support and garden beds, raised beds, and salad tables are all ergonomic place to volunteer. Spread the word in your community about the designs that allow seniors to garden comfortably. The garden must garden to service groups, non-profits, nurseries, landscaping com- be placed in an easily accessible location, convenient for seniors to panies, hardware stores, and volunteers. Typically, the initial physi- visit on a daily basis. cal work of preparing and building the garden requires support from Design the garden to include places to sit in the shade, wide path- a team of volunteers. ways to allow for wheelchair access, a manageable system for water- While many seniors are physically capable of completing all garden ing, and free of tripping hazards. Engage the seniors in the process tasks, others will benefit from volunteer support. Matching seniors of designing the garden. with younger volunteers in the community can be a beautiful and Encourage seniors to find a partner to help them cover the basic nourishing partnership. needs of their garden plot. That way, if someone is sick, out of town, or the watering regiment is too frequent, the duties can be covered by a friend.

Education

Some seniors come into community gardening with a lifetime of gar- dening experiences, while others are trying it out for the first time. Make room for both audiences. Cover the basics, and allow the more experienced gardeners to share their gardening tips.

Community building was a primary goal of the Weinberg Village garden. Many residents spend most of their time indoors and iso- lated. The garden is a wonderful place for people to get to know each other. Organize educational workshops that provide opportuni- ties for seniors to share their stories and experiences, both about

54 WEINBERG VILLAGE The garden is such a compelling community-building tool, allowing people to share deeply- personal stories with people who were Weinberg Village is a campus of strangers before the garden. Half the group was in tears at a Sukkot affordable senior housing for seniors program about welcoming guests to the garden, sharing stories with low to moderate incomes. The about loved ones past and present. One senior, Iris, invited her Weinberg Village Community Garden was established in the spring daughter Mindy to the event just so that she could publicly express of 2011. Gayle Newman, activities director at Weinberg Village, sent her appreciation and love for her. Another senior, Teel Byrne, said out a survey to the nearly 500 seniors who reside in Weinberg about the garden, “As we at Weinberg Village dig in the garden – we Village, gauging their interest in starting a community garden. are making friendships anew and eating healthier because our Thirty-five residents expressed their excitement for the idea, and that vegetables are pesticide-free. For this and more we thank you Pearl- was all Gayle needed to join the JCGC. Starting small, ten residents stone and God.” For more on Weinberg VIllage, see here. of diverse backgrounds were selected to garden in 6 salad tables. Over the course of the first year, the small group of gardeners, who mostly had never met one another, formed a tight bond. In addition to gardening together, the residents met monthly for a Jewish educational workshop, facilitated by Morris Panitz, connected to gardening.

The first season was such a success, the leadership at Weinberg Vil- lage, joined by CHAI (Comprehensive Housing Assistance), agreed to finance a $12,000 project to convert a significant portion of the central courtyard into a 40-plot community garden. Josh Brenner, an extraordinary lay leader who offered to support the project, brought Home Depot and Brickman Landscaping on board as corporate sponsors of the garden. On June 14th, 2012, volunteers from Home Depot built the expanded Weinberg Village Community Garden much to the senior’s delight. Five days later, Pearlstone staff, volunteers, and 40 residents gathered in the garden to recite the “Birkat Ha’gan” before breaking ground. Morris continued to lead educational workshops throughout the season.

55 Advice From the Field Proper Planning

Community Building Get to know your audience. Especially with a group of seniors, build- ing a garden that meets their physical capabilities is vital. “Everyone Cindy Zonies, director of service coordination shared that “in the late wanted to garden in the ground. Now that the seniors got a taste for summer, as the sun was going down, the garden became the best that hard work, more sitting beds and salad tables are needed.” - place to socialize in the Village. Even non-gardeners would sit out- Gayle Newman, activities director side in the courtyard, watching the gardeners tend to their plants.” “Talk to the people who have already done it. Do a lot of pre-work In 2012, the central courtyard of Weinberg Village has transformed first, get your gardeners excited and ready way before you start your from, as Gayle Newman, activities director said, “a living room cov- garden. We got people excited and ready 6 months before we did it ered in plastic that everyone looks at but no one uses, to a family which definitely helped with our turnout” . room, filled with seniors working the land and building new friend- ships.” See the garden design on the previous page. -Gayle Newman, Activities Director

Memorable Snapshot Organizing community gardeners around common rules and expec- tations is particularly important when each gardener is allowed to When asked for her most memorable moment from the garden, manage his or her own garden plot. Weinberg Village created a Gayle Newman answered: “The first time that everyone planted in document that each prospective gardener signed in order to join the the garden. Morris did the shehechianyu, and we had African community garden, see Resource #28. Americans, Jewish people, and non Jewish people. Everyone re- lated, people were crying, it was a beautiful sharing moment.”

Educational Programming Document your successes!

Once the residents got to know each other a bit through the shared To see a video slideshow of the Weinberg Village community garden labor of hands-on gardening, the workshops provided intentional participants in action, see here. space to share stories and get to know one another. Each year, lead- ing up to Rosh Hashanah, the Weinberg gardeners use the following activity to reflect on the year. See Resource #27.

56 Insights on Hillel Gardening that bridge, either through joint responsibility for the garden or food donation programs.

Issues of sustainability and food justice are increasingly relevant Target Audience and of interest to college students. Explore these issues at Hillel through a weekly/monthly learning series, such as “Torah on Tap.” Due to many universities’ long summer break, much of the garden- ing season occurs when the Hillel is mostly dormant. While Hillel participants are the primary audience, consider partnering with other groups on campus that might be interested in starting/ JOHN HOPKINS HILLEL maintaining a community garden, especially in the summer. Located in downtown Baltimore, Following the model of Hopkins Hillel, hiring a “green intern” or start- Johns Hopkins Hillel joined the JCGC in the spring of 2011, eager to ing a Jewish environmental group on campus can further the poten- transform their urban plot into a vibrant community garden. The pri- tial of the garden and create opportunities for further programming mary goal of the garden was to provide Jewish students on campus on related themes. a new platform for engaging with Judaism and their community. Know the students’ schedule. Plan events around final exams and Leadership at Hopkins Hillel was also interested in greening their fa- other busy times in the schedule. cility, and building a garden adjacent to the Hillel was a great start. Due to the long summer break of the college schedule, the first sea- son began with a planting day in the fall, organized to coincide with a city-wide volunteer day. Fifteen students gathered alongside com- Education munity volunteers to plant a fall crop in the garden. College students love food! Moving into the second season, the leadership team at Hopkins Whenever possible, include food Hillel created a new position, “a green intern,” to oversee the garden from the garden in Hillel events, and other sustainability efforts at Hillel. Hugo Uvegi, a freshman at even non-garden related events Johns Hopkins, was hired and took over the reins. He is motivated as a way to build interest in the and excited about the garden and has organized composting efforts garden. Many college students at Hillel after Friday night dinners. Hugo even developed a partner- are interested in stepping ship with a local Starbucks, in which he picks up used coffee outside of the “college bubble” grounds to add to the garden compost pile. In the past two years, and getting to know the local Hopkins Hillel has created an additional student leadership position community. The garden can be 57 to manage the garden and initiate new greening efforts at the Hillel, Proper Planning such as Green Shabbatot, where dinner features fresh produce from Align your gardening plans with the existing schedule of your partici- their garden. For more on Hopkins Hillel, see here. pants. College students go away for a long summer, but when they Advice from the field return in August, they’re eager to meet new friends and try out new endeavors. “We planted crops that needed the least amount of work Memorable Snapshot and could be harvested in the late fall and early spring.” k “Jon Falk, assistant director of Hopkins Hillel, put in some broken up !!!! –Hugo Uvegi gourds in the compost to start it off, and when we added the com- Community Involvement post to the soil, we noticed that there were some little gourds grow- ing. It was completely unintentional and beautiful.” “Being ‘green’ or sustainable is becoming more popular and if you’re trying to get people who aren’t already involved, telling them that there’s a garden to use will get them more involved in the “The first time that we were harvesting everything was just really community.” !!!! –Hugo Uvegi cool. I had never really experienced gardening before, and it was really cool to know that I had planted this stuff and a few months later it grew and I was able to eat it right out of the ground.”

/ –Hugo Uvegi

Educational Programming

Gardening should engage our other interests as well so that it’s rele- vant and speaks to a wide audience. Music, art, and social issues can all be integrated into a participant’s experience of the garden. At a Johns Hopkins Hillel garden gathering, the campus rabbi shared this relevant song to prompt discussion about our relationship with nature. See Resource #29.

58 Special Needs Gardens We envision our program being a place of training and transition into the mainstream world for those capable of that path, a day voca- tional program for participants who reside elsewhere and as a resi- NEEDS TO GROW dential inclusionary community for those choosing this lifestyle long Here is the story of the Needs to Grow Garden, as told by Deborah term. Needs to Grow Farm has shown tremendous growth in just 3 Vidal, co-director of Needs to Grow. years, and hope to someday create a kibbutz-style farming community. Needs to Grow, an affiliate of YACHAD (The National Jewish Council on Disabilites under the Orthodox Union), welcomes individuals, families, and organized groups with developmental disabilities for training in hands-on farming and agricultural skills. Participants in Needs to Grow are trained in the basics of gardening, from prepar- ing the soil for planting, to putting seeds in the ground, watering, weeding and maintaining the garden. When it’s time, they harvest the vegetables and herbs that were planted. They learn to collect eggs from the chicken coops, wash them, size them and package them for market. They also learn some basic farm chores.

Once a week and for the past three years, a group from the Forbush School, a private, secular school for persons with developmental delays enjoys coming to the farm. A second group from Itineris, a vocational program for adults with ASD participates twice a week at the farm and in cooking classes. On Sundays, various small groups from the local Jewish community visit the farm. Occasionally other groups from Yachad, Menucha, Friendship Circle and the JCC visit the farm to attend classes.

59 Advice From the Field

Memorable Snapshot

“One of the proud moments was when a parent went shopping with her son. They were in the produce section and he knew how to identify the different vegetables and knew what was ripe and looked forward to preparing them.” –Deborah Vidal

Community Involvement

“Our garden presently is housed on the property of a farmer who is not related to our project. He runs a farm where they raise chickens and turkeys. Our participants have been helpful to him by assisting with farm chores. One of the participants actually became employed by him on his farm. That’s another success.”

“The garden is not to be seen as an activity but also a means of an actual resource of employment and earning a living.” –Deborah Vidal

Getting Started

“Don’t be intimidated by what you don’t know. If you have a desire to do it, with a little know how and help, you can. Don’t be scared to ask people to help. You don’t need that much expertise and that much space to get started.” –Deborah Vidal

60 JEWISH COMMUNITY GARDENING RESOURCES

Chai V’Kayam—Pearlstone’s Curriculum Manual for Jewish Agricultural Manual http://pearlstonecenter.org/curriculum-resources/

Hadran Alach—Pearlstone’s Jewish Sourcebook on land, agriculture, and sustainability http://pearlstonecenter.org/curriculum-resources/

Hazon offers a number of resources, sourcebooks, and curricula on the topic http://www.hazon.org/type/curricula-and-source-books/

Alumot—a Jewish Gardening Project—TEVA’s Jewish gardening manual http://tevacenter.readyhosting.com/alumot/

Jewish Food Rules: Principles of a contemporary Jewish Food Ethic—Jewish Farm School http://www.jewishfarmschool.org/jewish-food-rules/

Ginat Ha’Yeladim—Jewish early childhood garden curriculum developed by the Asheville JCC http://www.jcc-asheville.org/index.php?EducationalGarden&category=programs

TEVA Learning Center’s compilation of Jewish, environmental quotes http://more.masortiworld.org/JEWISH_ENVIRONMENTAL_QUOTES.pdf

Canfei Nesharim’s Year of Jewish Learning on the Environmental—source sheets http://www.jewcology.com/content/view/Year-of-Jewish-Learning-on-the-Environment

61 www.pearlstonecenter.org/zeraim

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