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Active Galactic Nuclei and Their Neighbours
CCD Photometric Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei and their Neighbours by Traianou Efthalia A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ptychion (Physics) in Aristotle University of Thessaloniki September 2016 Supervisor: Manolis Plionis, Professor To my loved ones Many thanks to: Manolis Plionis for accepting to be my thesis adviser. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ii LIST OF FIGURES ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: v LIST OF TABLES :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ix LIST OF APPENDICES :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: x ABSTRACT ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: xi CHAPTER I. Introduction .............................. 1 II. Active Galactic Nuclei ........................ 4 2.1 Early History of AGN’s ..................... 4 2.2 AGN Phenomenology ...................... 7 2.2.1 Seyfert Galaxies ................... 7 2.2.2 Low Ionization Nuclear Emission-Line Regions(LINERS) 10 2.2.3 ULIRGS ........................ 11 2.2.4 Radio Galaxies .................... 12 2.2.5 Quasars or QSO’s ................... 14 2.2.6 Blazars ......................... 15 2.3 The Unification Paradigm .................... 16 2.4 Beyond the Unified Model ................... 18 III. Research Goal and Methodology ................. 21 3.1 Torus ............................... 21 3.2 Ha Balmer Line ......................... 23 3.3 Galaxy-Galaxy Interactions ................... 25 3.4 Our Aim ............................. 27 iii IV. Observations .............................. 29 4.1 The Telescope -
How Supernovae Became the Basis of Observational Cosmology
Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 19(2), 203–215 (2016). HOW SUPERNOVAE BECAME THE BASIS OF OBSERVATIONAL COSMOLOGY Maria Victorovna Pruzhinskaya Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Sternberg Astronomical Institute of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Universitetsky prospect 13, Russia. Email: [email protected] and Sergey Mikhailovich Lisakov Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR7293, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Boulevard de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, Nice, France. Email: [email protected] Abstract: This paper is dedicated to the discovery of one of the most important relationships in supernova cosmology—the relation between the peak luminosity of Type Ia supernovae and their luminosity decline rate after maximum light. The history of this relationship is quite long and interesting. The relationship was independently discovered by the American statistician and astronomer Bert Woodard Rust and the Soviet astronomer Yury Pavlovich Pskovskii in the 1970s. Using a limited sample of Type I supernovae they were able to show that the brighter the supernova is, the slower its luminosity declines after maximum. Only with the appearance of CCD cameras could Mark Phillips re-inspect this relationship on a new level of accuracy using a better sample of supernovae. His investigations confirmed the idea proposed earlier by Rust and Pskovskii. Keywords: supernovae, Pskovskii, Rust 1 INTRODUCTION However, from the moment that Albert Einstein (1879–1955; Whittaker, 1955) introduced into the In 1998–1999 astronomers discovered the accel- equations of the General Theory of Relativity a erating expansion of the Universe through the cosmological constant until the discovery of the observations of very far standard candles (for accelerating expansion of the Universe, nearly a review see Lipunov and Chernin, 2012). -
Astrophysics in 2006 3
ASTROPHYSICS IN 2006 Virginia Trimble1, Markus J. Aschwanden2, and Carl J. Hansen3 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, Las Cumbres Observatory, Santa Barbara, CA: ([email protected]) 2 Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Organization ADBS, Building 252, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304: ([email protected]) 3 JILA, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309: ([email protected]) Received ... : accepted ... Abstract. The fastest pulsar and the slowest nova; the oldest galaxies and the youngest stars; the weirdest life forms and the commonest dwarfs; the highest energy particles and the lowest energy photons. These were some of the extremes of Astrophysics 2006. We attempt also to bring you updates on things of which there is currently only one (habitable planets, the Sun, and the universe) and others of which there are always many, like meteors and molecules, black holes and binaries. Keywords: cosmology: general, galaxies: general, ISM: general, stars: general, Sun: gen- eral, planets and satellites: general, astrobiology CONTENTS 1. Introduction 6 1.1 Up 6 1.2 Down 9 1.3 Around 10 2. Solar Physics 12 2.1 The solar interior 12 2.1.1 From neutrinos to neutralinos 12 2.1.2 Global helioseismology 12 2.1.3 Local helioseismology 12 2.1.4 Tachocline structure 13 arXiv:0705.1730v1 [astro-ph] 11 May 2007 2.1.5 Dynamo models 14 2.2 Photosphere 15 2.2.1 Solar radius and rotation 15 2.2.2 Distribution of magnetic fields 15 2.2.3 Magnetic flux emergence rate 15 2.2.4 Photospheric motion of magnetic fields 16 2.2.5 Faculae production 16 2.2.6 The photospheric boundary of magnetic fields 17 2.2.7 Flare prediction from photospheric fields 17 c 2008 Springer Science + Business Media. -
UC Santa Cruz Other Recent Work
UC Santa Cruz Other Recent Work Title Charles Donald Shane: The Lick Observatory Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sb4j79p Authors Regional History Project, UCSC Library Shane, Charles Donald Calciano, Elizabeth Spedding Publication Date 1969-12-04 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4sb4j79p#supplemental University of California, Santa Cruz The University Library CHARLES DONALD SHANE THE LICK OBSERVATORY An Interview Conducted By Elizabeth Spedding Calciano Santa Cruz ii Charles Donald Shane 1964 iii All uses of this manuscript are covered by an agreement between the Regents of the University of California and Charles Donald Shane, dated January 2, 1969. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The University Library of the University of California, Santa Cruz. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the University Librarian of the University of California, Santa Cruz. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... LICK OBSERVATORY, 1880-1900 .................................................................................. EDWARD SINGLETON HOLDEN AND THE FIRST LICK ASTRONOMERS ..................................... 1 THE DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY, BERKELEY...................................................................... ARMIN OTTO LEUSCHNER ...................................................................... -
I N S I D E T H I S I S S
February / février 2008 Volume/volume 102 Number/numéro 1 [728] This Issue's Winning Astrophoto! FEATURING A FULL COLOUR SECTION! The Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada Cassiopeia Rising Over the Plaskett by Charles Banville, Victoria Centre. This is a montage of two pictures I took using a Canon 20Da and a Canon EF 17-40mm f/4L lens. The foreground image was acquired at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria on 2007 July 26. That evening the Plaskett Dome was illuminated by a bright 12-day-old Moon. The star trails were created using 87 light frames of 1 minute each taken from Cattle Point on 2007 August 8. Le Journal de la Société royale d’astronomie du Canada [Editor’s Note: The two-member team of Dietmar Kupke and Paul Mortfield of the Toronto Centre selected this late-entry image from among the 30 or so entries to the “Own the Back Cover” con- test. Thanks to all the submitters. We welcome further entries, so don’t delay – send in yours now! INSIDE THIS ISSUE Watch the back cover of the April issue for the next winner.] One Hundred Editions of the Observer's Handbook · Seriously Seeking Ceres! Mont-Mégantic Dark-Sky Reserve Conference, 2007 September 19-21 Duplicity of ZC1042: My First Double-Star Discovery In Memory of Gertrude Jean Southam Building for the International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009) THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA February / février 2008 NATIONAL OFFICERS AND COUNCIL FOR 2007-2008/CONSEIL ET ADMINISTRATEURS NATIONAUX Honorary President Robert Garrison, Ph.D., Toronto President Scott Young, B.Sc., Winnipeg Vol. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI LUNATIC ON A MOUNTAIN: FRITZ ZWICKY AND THE EARLY HISTORY OF DARK MATTER by Tricia Close Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Saint Mary’s University Halifax, -
Iau Commission C3 Newsletter
IAU COMMISSION C3 NEWSLETTER HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY Welcome to the winter solstice edition of the newsletter We wish everyone health and happiness in the new year. of IAU Commission C3 (History of Astronomy). This The next issue of the newsletter will be in June 2021. issue features the announcement of a new Project Group Please send our Secretary any news you would like us to and reports of pre-existing Working Groups and Project include. Groups since the last newsletter in June 2020. It contains Sara Schechner, Secretary news of upcoming conferences, reports of recent Wayne Orchiston, President meetings, a list of notable publications, and tables of Christiaan Sterken, Vice-President content from a journal devoted to the history of astronomy. The newsletter also contains announcements of research and PhD opportunities in the history of TABLE OF CONTENTS astronomy as well as an introduction to a new Ourania Network. And of course, you will find news from Reports of Working Groups & Project Groups 2 members, announcements of awards, and obituaries. Making History 15 Oral History 24 We are excited to introduce some new sections to the Art & Exhibitions 26 newsletter. The “Making History” section includes Announcements 30 reports on the Astronomy Genealogy Project (AstroGen), Awards and Honors 34 analysis of the Vatican Observatory’s guest book, and the News from Members 35 rescue of a medieval manuscript by Lewis of Caerleon. In In Memoriam 37 the “Oral History” section, there is a first-hand account Notable Publications 39 of the founding of the Journal of Astronomical History and Journal Contents 41 Heritage. -
The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology Edited by Helge Kragh and Malcolm S
Frontispiece Frontispiece Edited by Helge Kragh and Malcolm S. Longair The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology Edited by Helge Kragh and Malcolm S. Longair Print Publication Date: Mar 2019 Subject: Physical Sciences Online Publication Date: Apr 2019 (p. ii) Frontispiece Frontispiece: The whole-sky map of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) as observed by the Planck satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA). The image shows largescale structures in the Universe only 380,000 years after the Big Bang. It en codes a huge amount of information about the cosmological parameters which describe our Universe. (Courtesy of ESA and the Planck Collaboration) Page 1 of 1 Copyright Page Copyright Page Edited by Helge Kragh and Malcolm S. Longair The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology Edited by Helge Kragh and Malcolm S. Longair Print Publication Date: Mar 2019 Subject: Physical Sciences Online Publication Date: Apr 2019 (p. iv) Copyright Page Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2019 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2019 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. -
Heber Doust Curtis 1872-1942
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS VOLUME XXII—THIRTEENTH MEMOIR BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF HEBER DOUST CURTIS 1872-1942 BY ROBERT G. AITKEN PRESENTED TO THE ACADEMY AT THE AUTUMN MEETING, 1942 HEBER DOUST CURTIS 1872-1942 BY ROBERT G. AITKEN "Call Dr. Curtis!"—It was gray dawn of a raw December morning on Mount Hamilton, thirty years ago, and our eldest son, home from the university for his Christmas vacation, had roused us, his face drawn and distorted by the agonizing pain in his right abdomen. A word to our physician in San Jose had brought the curt order, "Bring the boy down at once. There's no time to lose. It's probably acute appendicitis." By the time the boy and I were ready for the trip, Dr. Curtis had his automobile at the door and we were off on the three and one-half hour trip over the half-frozen, adobe mud road to San Jose. Surgeon and operating room were ready, and as soon as was humanly possible a highly inflamed appendix, just ready to burst, had been safely removed, and a relieved boy was coming peacefully out from the influence of the anesthetic. Then Dr. Curtis, having first telephoned to the Lick Observa- tory to find out if he could do any town errands for anyone "at the top", started cheerfully back on his long, lonesome drive to the mountain, happy in the thought that he had once again been able to be of service. I tell this story at the beginning of my sketch of the career of Dr. -
Heber Doust Curtis and the Island Universe Theory
Fort Hays State University FHSU Scholars Repository Master's Theses Graduate School Spring 2011 Heber Doust Curtis And The slI and Universe Theory Hyrum Austin Somers Fort Hays State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Somers, Hyrum Austin, "Heber Doust Curtis And The slI and Universe Theory" (2011). Master's Theses. 157. https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses/157 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at FHSU Scholars Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of FHSU Scholars Repository. Heber Doust Curtis and the Island Universe Theory being A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the Fort Hays State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Hyrum Austin Somers B.A., Fort Hays State University Date_______________________ Approved___________________________ Major Professor Approved____________________________ Chair, Graduate Council ABSTRACT The beginning of the twentieth century was a time a great change and development within American astronomy. The period is rife with astronomers, both men and women, who advanced the discipline. However, few historians have looked at the lives of these astronomers. When an astronomer is chosen for closer study, they tend to be one who contributed to the astronomical discipline with a significant discovery. Unfortunately, those astronomers whose careers did not climax with discovery have a tendency to be forgotten by historians, even though their lives and research have affected our modern understanding. This thesis looks at one such astronomer named Heber Doust Curtis. -
A Close Look at the Transient Sky in a Neighbouring Galaxy
A Close Look at the Transient Sky in a Neighbouring Galaxy Kiran Tikare Space Engineering, master's level (120 credits) 2020 Luleå University of Technology Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering Master Thesis A close look at the transient sky in a neighboring galaxy Kiran Tikare Erasmus Mundus SpaceMaster Program Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering Lule˚aUniversity of Technology Kiruna, Sweden Supervisors: Examiner: Prof. Ariel Goobar Prof. Anita Enmark Dr. Rahul Biswas ii To my beloved motherland Bharat and to the ancient and modern Gurus... iii iv Om Asatomaa Sadgamaya Tamasomaa Jyotirgamaya Mrtyormaa Amrtamgamaya Om Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih Lead us from the unreal to the real Lead us from darkness to light Lead us from death to immortality Aum peace, peace, peace! { Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (1.3.28) If I have seen further it is by standing on ye sholders of Giants. { Isaac Newton in a letter to Robert Hooke One thing I have learned in a long life: that all our science, measured against reality, is primitive and childlike | and yet it is the most precious thing we have. { Albert Einstein Bear in mind that the wonderful things you learn in your schools are the work of many generations, produced by enthusiastic effort and infinite labour in every country of the world. All this is put into your hands as your inheritance in order that you may receive it, honour it, add to it, and one day faithfully hand it on to your children. Thus do we mortals achieve immortality in the permanent things which we create in common. -
Astrophysics in 2006
Space Sci Rev (2007) 132: 1–182 DOI 10.1007/s11214-007-9224-0 Astrophysics in 2006 Virginia Trimble · Markus J. Aschwanden · Carl J. Hansen Received: 11 May 2007 / Accepted: 24 May 2007 / Published online: 23 October 2007 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract The fastest pulsar and the slowest nova; the oldest galaxies and the youngest stars; the weirdest life forms and the commonest dwarfs; the highest energy particles and the lowest energy photons. These were some of the extremes of Astrophysics 2006. We attempt also to bring you updates on things of which there is currently only one (habitable planets, the Sun, and the Universe) and others of which there are always many, like meteors and molecules, black holes and binaries. Keywords Cosmology: general · Galaxies: general · ISM: general · Stars: general · Sun: general · Planets and satellites: general · Astrobiology · Star clusters · Binary stars · Clusters of galaxies · Gamma-ray bursts · Milky Way · Earth · Active galaxies · Supernovae 1 Introduction Astrophysics in 2006 modifies a long tradition by moving to a new journal, which you hold in your (real or virtual) hands. The fifteen previous articles in the series are referenced oc- casionally as Ap91 to Ap05 below and appeared in volumes 104–118 of Publications of V. Trimble Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA e-mail: [email protected] V. Trimble Las Cumbres Observatory, Santa Barbara, CA, USA M.J. Aschwanden () Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Organization ADBS, Building 252, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA e-mail: [email protected] C.J.