Cortical Encoding of Melodic Expectations in Human
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Expectancy and Musical Emotion Effects of Pitch and Timing
Manuscript Expectancy and musical emotion Effects of pitch and timing expectancy on musical emotion Sauvé, S. A.1, Sayed, A.1, Dean, R. T.2, Pearce, M. T.1 1Queen Mary, University of London 2Western Sydney University Author Note Correspondence can be addressed to Sarah Sauvé at [email protected] School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom +447733661107 Biographies S Sauve: Originally a pianist, Sarah is now a PhD candidate in the Electronic Engineering and Computer Science department at Queen Mary University of London studying expectancy and stream segregation, supported by a college studentship. EXPECTANCY AND MUSICAL EMOTION 2 A Sayed: Aminah completed her MSc in Computer Science at Queen Mary University of London, specializing in multimedia. R.T. Dean: Roger is a composer/improviser and researcher at the MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development. His research focuses on music cognition and music computation, both analytic and generative. M.T. Pearce: Marcus is Senior Lecturer at Queen Mary University of London, director of the Music Cognition and EEG Labs and co-director of the Centre for Mind in Society. His research interests cover computational, psychological and neuroscientific aspects of music cognition, with a particular focus on dynamic, predictive processing of melodic, rhythmic and harmonic structure, and its impact on emotional and aesthetic experience. He is the author of the IDyOM model of auditory expectation based on statistical learning and probabilistic prediction. EXPECTANCY AND MUSICAL EMOTION 3 Abstract Pitch and timing information work hand in hand to create a coherent piece of music; but what happens when this information goes against the norm? Relationships between musical expectancy and emotional responses were investigated in a study conducted with 40 participants: 20 musicians and 20 non-musicians. -
A New Illusion in the Perception of Relative Pitch Intervals
A new illusion in the perception of relative pitch intervals by Maartje Koning A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Amsterdam in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Musicology 2015 Dr. M. Sadakata University of Amsterdam Dr. J.A. Burgoyne University of Amsterdam 2 Abstract This study is about the perception of relative pitch intervals. An earlier study of Sadakata & Ohgushi ‘Comparative judgments pitch intervals and an illusion’ (2000) showed that when when people listened to two tone intervals, their perception of relative pitch distance between the two tones depended on the direction and size of the intervals. In this follow-up study the participants had to listen to two tone intervals and indicate whether the size of the second interval was smaller, the same or larger than the first. The conditions were the same as in the study of Sadakata & Ohgushi. These four different conditions were illustrating the relationship between those two intervals. There were ascending and descending intervals and the starting tone of the second interval differed with respect to the starting tone of the first interval. The study made use of small and large intervals and hypothesized that the starting tone of the second interval with respect to the starting tone of the first interval had an effect on the melodic expectancy of the listener and because of that they over- or underestimate the size of the second tone interval. Furthermore, it was predicted that this tendency would be stronger for larger tone intervals compared to smaller tone intervals and that there would be no difference found between musicians and non-musicians. -
Music Learning and Mathematics Achievement: a Real-World Study in English Primary Schools
Music Learning and Mathematics Achievement: A Real-World Study in English Primary Schools Edel Marie Sanders Supervisor: Dr Linda Hargreaves This final thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Faculty of Education University of Cambridge October 2018 Music Learning and Mathematics Achievement: A Real-World Study in English Primary Schools Edel Marie Sanders Abstract This study examines the potential for music education to enhance children’s mathematical achievement and understanding. Psychological and neuroscientific research on the relationship between music and mathematics has grown considerably in recent years. Much of this, however, has been laboratory-based, short-term or small-scale research. The present study contributes to the literature by focusing on specific musical and mathematical elements, working principally through the medium of singing and setting the study in five primary schools over a full school year. Nearly 200 children aged seven to eight years, in six school classes, experienced structured weekly music lessons, congruent with English National Curriculum objectives for music but with specific foci. The quasi-experimental design employed two independent variable categories: musical focus (form, pitch relationships or rhythm) and mathematical teaching emphasis (implicit or explicit). In all other respects, lesson content was kept as constant as possible. Pretests and posttests in standardised behavioural measures of musical, spatial and mathematical thinking were administered to all children. Statistical analyses (two-way mixed ANOVAs) of student scores in these tests reveal positive significant gains in most comparisons over normative progress in mathematics for all musical emphases and both pedagogical conditions with slightly greater effects in the mathematically explicit lessons. -
Cortical Encoding of Melodic Expectations in Human Temporal Cortex Giovanni M
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/714634; this version posted July 28, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Cortical encoding of melodic expectations in human temporal cortex Giovanni M. Di Liberto1, Claire Pelofi2,3,*, Roberta Bianco4,*, Prachi Patel5,6, Ashesh D. Mehta7, Jose L. Herrero7, Alain de Cheveigné1,4, Shihab Shamma1,8,**, Nima Mesgarani5,6,** 1 Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, UMR 8248, CNRS, France. Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, France 2 Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA 3 Institut de Neurosciences des Système, UMR S 1106, INSERM, Aix Marseille Université, France 4 UCL Ear Institute, London, United Kingdom 5 Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 6 Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States 7 Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell and Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States 8 Institute for Systems Research, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA * The authors contributed equally ** Co-senior authors Correspondence: [email protected] Conflicts of interest: none declared. Funding sources: This study was funded by an Advanced ERC grant (Neume). G.D.L. and A.d.C. were supported by the EU H2020-ICT grant 644732 (COCOHA). N.M., P.P., A.D.M., and J.L.H. were supported by NIMH MH114166-01. C.P. and R.B. were supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-CE28-0012 RALP) and by a BBSRC grant (BB/P003745/1) respectively. -
Prediction in Polyphony: Modelling Musical Auditory Scene Analysis
Prediction in polyphony: modelling musical auditory scene analysis by Sarah A. Sauvé A thesis submitted to the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Electronic Engineering & Computer Science Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom September 2017 Statement of Originality I, Sarah A Sauvé, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party's copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Sarah A Sauvé Date: 1 September 2017 2 Details of collaboration and publication One journal article currently in review and one paper uploaded to the ArXiv database contain work presented in this thesis. Two conference proceedings papers contain work highly related to, and fundamental to the development of the work presented in Chapters 5 and 7. -
Probabilistic Models of Expectation Violation Predict Psychophysiological Emotional Responses to Live Concert Music
Probabilistic models of expectation violation predict psychophysiological emotional responses to live concert music Hauke Egermann, Marcus T. Pearce, Geraint A. Wiggins & Stephen McAdams Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience ISSN 1530-7026 Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci DOI 10.3758/s13415-013-0161-y 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Psychonomic Society, Inc.. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci DOI 10.3758/s13415-013-0161-y Probabilistic models of expectation violation predict psychophysiological emotional responses to live concert music Hauke Egermann & Marcus T. Pearce & Geraint A. Wiggins & Stephen McAdams # Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2013 Abstract We present the results of a study testing the often- emotion induction, leading to a further understanding of the theorized role of musical expectations in inducing listeners’ frequently experienced emotional effects of music. emotions in a live flute concert experiment with 50 participants. Using an audience response system developed for this purpose, Keywords Emotion . -
When the Leading Tone Doesn't Lead: Musical Qualia in Context
When the Leading Tone Doesn't Lead: Musical Qualia in Context Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Claire Arthur, B.Mus., M.A. Graduate Program in Music The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: David Huron, Advisor David Clampitt Anna Gawboy c Copyright by Claire Arthur 2016 Abstract An empirical investigation is made of musical qualia in context. Specifically, scale-degree qualia are evaluated in relation to a local harmonic context, and rhythm qualia are evaluated in relation to a metrical context. After reviewing some of the philosophical background on qualia, and briefly reviewing some theories of musical qualia, three studies are presented. The first builds on Huron's (2006) theory of statistical or implicit learning and melodic probability as significant contributors to musical qualia. Prior statistical models of melodic expectation have focused on the distribution of pitches in melodies, or on their first-order likelihoods as predictors of melodic continuation. Since most Western music is non-monophonic, this first study investigates whether melodic probabilities are altered when the underlying harmonic accompaniment is taken into consideration. This project was carried out by building and analyzing a corpus of classical music containing harmonic analyses. Analysis of the data found that harmony was a significant predictor of scale-degree continuation. In addition, two experiments were carried out to test the perceptual effects of context on musical qualia. In the first experiment participants rated the perceived qualia of individual scale-degrees following various common four-chord progressions that each ended with a different harmony. -
EHHD Research Report 2017 (& AY 2017‐18)
EHHD Research Report 2017 (& AY 2017‐18) Submitted September 2018 Authors: Bill Ruff, EHHD Associate Dean for Research Development Elizabeth Bird, EHHD Project Development & Grants Specialist Debby Haynes, HHD Department Head Tricia Seifert, Education Department Head Ann Ewbank, Education Department Director of Accreditation and Operations Alison Harmon, EHHD Dean College of EHHD Research Report 2017 Table of Contents Enacting the Land Grant Mission: Synthesis of a Research Identity for the College of EHHD 2 EHHD Strategic Plan for Research Development 5 Presentation to Dean’s Council: February 2018 11 EHHD Strategic Goals Aligned with the MSU Draft Strategic Plan 15 EHHD Research Themes: Well‐Being of Diverse Populations 19 EHHD Research Centers 23 Center for Research on Rural Education 2017 23 Center for Bilingual and Multicultural Education 2017 27 EHHD Internal Grants Program 32 Internal Grants Awarded AY 2017‐18 32 Internal Grants Assessment Report for FY 2016 and 2017 34 EHHD Grant Funding History 2011‐2018 36 Department of Education Research Productivity Report 2017 38 Department of HHD Research Productivity Report 2017 57 EHHD Undergraduate and Graduate Student Research Activity 2017‐18 93 Critical Evaluation of EHHD Research Productivity & Impact 101 Journal Impact Factor Trends for EHHD Publications 101 Assessment: EHHD Publications by Journal Impact Factor 110 Scholarship Dissemination Comparison by Year 111 Academic Analytics Department Productivity Radar Education 112 Academic Analytics Department Productivity Radar Education 113 Executive Summary of EHHD Research Report (2017) The research agendas of our faculty are diverse, ranging from reporting biochemical differences between organic and non‐organic Fuji Apples to describing the impact of Indigenous leadership on institutional racism in schools serving American Indian communities. -
Move to the Music
MOVE TO THE MUSIC Understanding the relationship between bodily interaction and the acquisition of musical knowledge and skills in music education Beweeg op de muziek De relatie tussen lichamelijke interactie en de beheersing van muzikale kennis en vaardigheden in muziekeducatie Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van de rector magnificus Prof.dr. H.A.P. Pols en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties. De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op donderdag 24 mei 2018 om 13:30 uur Cornelis Jacob van den Dool geboren te De Lier Promotiecommissie: Let your body move to the music. Let your body go with the flow. Promotoren: prof.dr. C.J.M. van Eijck - Madonna, Vogue (1990) prof.dr. T.A.M. Bevers Overige leden: prof.dr. E.H. Bisschop Boele dr. B. Titus dr. R. Timmers Promotiecommissie: Let your body move to the music. Let your body go with the flow. Promotoren: prof.dr. C.J.M. van Eijck - Madonna, Vogue (1990) prof.dr. T.A.M. Bevers Overige leden: prof.dr. E.H. Bisschop Boele dr. B. Titus dr. R. Timmers Preface – Music is in the mind: how my body got removed from doing so the students dexterously circumvented the notes on the sheet music by making a sound learning and how I reversed this recording while focusing on my hand movements on the piano. Back in 2007, smartphones were not yet widely available in Nepal, or at least they were the reserve of the upper class alone. My students As a piano student at the conservatory, I was a huge fan of Bach. -
Auditory Expectation: the Information Dynamics of Music Perception and Cognition
Topics in Cognitive Science 4 (2012) 625–652 Copyright Ó 2012 Cognitive Science Society, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1756-8757 print / 1756-8765 online DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01214.x Auditory Expectation: The Information Dynamics of Music Perception and Cognition Marcus T. Pearce and Geraint A. Wiggins Centre for Cognition, Computation and Culture, Goldsmiths, University of London Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary, University of London Received 30 September 2010; received in revision form 23 June 2011; accepted 25 July 2011 Abstract Following in a psychological and musicological tradition beginning with Leonard Meyer, and continuing through David Huron, we present a functional, cognitive account of the phenomenon of expectation in music, grounded in computational, probabilistic modeling. We summarize a range of evidence for this approach, from psychology, neuroscience, musicology, linguistics, and creativity studies, and argue that simulating expectation is an important part of understanding a broad range of human faculties, in music and beyond. Keywords: Expectation; Probabilistic modeling; Prediction; Musical melody; Pitch; Segmentation; Aesthetics; Creativity 1. Introduction Once a musical style has become part of the habit responses of composers, performers, and practiced listeners, it may be regarded as a complex system of probabilities … Out of such internalized probability systems arise the expectations—the tendencies—upon which musical meaning is built. (Meyer, 1957, p. 414) The ability to anticipate the future is a fundamental property of the human brain (Dennett, 1991). Expectations play a role in a multitude of cognitive processes from sensory percep- tion, through learning and memory, to motor responses and emotion generation. Accurate expectations allow organisms to respond to environmental events faster and more appropri- ately and to identify incomplete or ambiguous perceptual input. -
Overcoming Variability in Consumer Response to Advertising Music
Results May Vary: Overcoming Variability in Consumer Response to Advertising Music Lincoln G. Craton and Geoffrey P. Lantos Stonehill College Richard C. Leventhal Ashford University ABSTRACT Although listening to music seems effortless, it actually involves many separate psychological mechanisms. This article describes and extends the multimechanism framework proposed by Juslin and colleagues, highlighting how the operation of psychological mechanisms leads to two general types of variability in consumer response to advertising music. First, the risk of between-consumer variability (individual differences) in musical response is moderate or high for most mechanisms, and it often depends on each individual’s particular history of exposure to music (listening biography). Second, within-consumer variability occurs when different mechanisms have contrasting effects, so that an individual consumer’s musical response is often mixed (e.g., guilty pleasures, bittersweet feelings, pleasurable sadness). Both types of variability can negatively impact advertising objectives (message reception, recall, acceptance, brand attitudes, etc.). The article offers preliminary suggestions for how marketers can use a multimechanism approach to successfully incorporate music in commercials and reduce the risk of unanticipated consumer responses. It ends with proposals for further research. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Business is booming in the field of music percep- Scope and Goals of the Article tion and cognition (hereafter, music cognition). Re- search activity is surging (Levitin, 2010), member- According to Levitin and Tirovolas (2010, p. 599), ship in the Society for Music Perception and Cognition (SMPC) is rising, and “after a long drought” (Ashley, Music cognition . is the scientific study of those 2010, p. 205) new introductory textbooks are emerg- mental and neural operations underlying music lis- ing (e.g., Honing, 2009; Tan, Pfordrescher, & Harre´ tening, music making, dancing (moving to music), 2010; Thompson, 2015). -
Language Development in Kindergarten Students Using Melodic Learning
Rowan University Rowan Digital Works Theses and Dissertations 2-11-2015 Language development in kindergarten students using melodic learning Tara Hart Follow this and additional works at: https://rdw.rowan.edu/etd Part of the Elementary Education and Teaching Commons Recommended Citation Hart, Tara, "Language development in kindergarten students using melodic learning" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 381. https://rdw.rowan.edu/etd/381 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Rowan Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Rowan Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS USING MELODIC LEARNING By Tara M. Hart A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Language, Literacy, and Special Education College of Education In partial fulfillment of the requirement For the degree of Master of Arts in Reading Education at Rowan University December 15, 2014 Thesis Chair: Dr. Susan Brown © 2014 Tara M. Hart Dedication I would like to dedicate this manuscript to my family, friends, and students who supported and encouraged me throughout this entire process. Acknowledgements I would like to express my greatest appreciation to Dr. Susan Browne as well as the rest of the professors in the College of Reading Education for their guidance and help throughout this research. iii Abstract Tara M. Hart LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS USING MELODIC LEARNING 2014 Dr. Susan Browne Master of Arts in Reading Education The purpose of this study is to investigate a non-traditional method of enhancing language through the use of songs, chants, and rhymes.