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SCIENTIST GEO VOLUME 24 NO 8 u SEPTEMBER 2014 u WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST The Fellowship Magazine of the Geological Society of London UK / Overseas where sold to individuals: £3.95 READ GEOLSOC BLOG!] [geolsoc.wordpress.com Generating Geo-Data Wind farm footings spotlight hidden UK geology BIG BANG THEORY RADWASTE DISPOSAL ACADEMIC ISSUE New dating correlates mass Towards a new approach to Why academics and the extinctions LIPs, climate change finding a repository site in the UK Society need each other The best digital mapping app in the world FieldMove Clino Pro is your complete mapping kit in one device: DigitalDigit compass-clinometer CameraCam NotebookNote NEW:NEW: Stereonet Sterreeonet display of geological data NEWNEW:: Expanded library of symbols for plaplanarn and linear data NEW:NENEWW: Draw contacts, faults and outcropsoutcrroops on yyour chosen basemap in iOS version Get thesehese new featuresfeaturrees by upgradingupgrading to ProPrroo inside the FieldMove Clino app, available to downloadd ffromfrrroom the App StorStoreree aand Google PlayPlay.y.. For mmoreorree information visivisitt wwwwww.mve.com/software/fieldmoveclino.mve.com/softwarve.com/softwareree/fieldmoveclino/fi Midland Valley, VVaalley, 2 WestWest Regent Street,Street, Glasgow G2 1RW,1RW, UK +44 (0)141 332 2681 System Requirements: iPhone: iOS 7 and up iPad: iOS 7 and up www.mve.comwww.mve.com Android Phone: IceCream Sandwich4.0andup. GEOSCIENTIST CONTENTS 06 24 12 18 FEATURES IN THIS ISSUE... 18 Big bang New dating is drawing closer parallels between Large Igneous Provinces and modern climate change, says Howard Lee REGULARS 05 Welcome Ted Nield reflects on how Anthropocene climate change is making Barrow’s dream come true 06 Society news What your Society is doing at home and abroad, in London and the regions 11 Soapbox David Manning mounts the box to urge more academics to join the Society ON THE COVER: 21 Letters We welcome your thoughts 12 Generating Geo-Data 22 Books and arts Four new books and websites reviewed by Wind farm footings are revealing a wealth Ted Nield, Andrew Robinson, John Cope and Jan Zalasiewicz of hidden treasures under the UK, say Peter 24 People Geoscientists in the news and on the move Jones and Vanessa Banks 26 Obituary Ewart Albert Vincent 1919-2012 27 Calendar Society activities this month ONLINE SPECIALS Stephen Mathers discusses new geological models from the BGS. Tony Brook follows up on an earlier article on Spencer Compton, 28 Obituary Edward Howel Francis 1924-2014 Marquess of Northampton, and his relationship with Gideon Mantell. 29 Crossword Win a special publication of your choice WWW.GEOLSOC.ORG.UK/GEOSCIENTIST | SEPTEMBER 2014 | 03 Corporate Supporter: REGISTRATION NOW OPEN Small to Subseismic Scale Reservoir Deformation 29-30 October 2014 The Geological Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London Convenors: Mike Ashton Badley Ashton America Russell Davies RDR Steve Dee BP Kachi Outcrop photographs courtesy of Thibault Cavailhes. Onyeagoro Shell Small to subseismic deformation features can negatively impact reservoir performance and/or be stimulated to enhance field recovery. In many cases such features are controlled by, or interact with, similarly scaled Ole Petter sedimentological features, complicating conventional views of intra-reservoir connectivity and flow unit Wennberg definition. Whilst the intra-reservoir distribution of these small-scale features has traditionally been ‘modelled’ Statoil in the subsurface by applying data from analogue outcrop studies, the recent advances in the acquisition and processing of both seismic and imaging techniques, such as helical CTscans, have provided greater resolution of the ‘subsurface’ than ever before. This 2-day international conference will bring academic and industry geoscientists and engineers together, to examine: (i) how much extra geological detail modern seismic and imaging techniques are now able to Conference Sponsors: provide; (ii) how that expansion of detailed information is being approached and captured by interpreters - and tied back to real reservoir geology; (iii) what ‘new questions’ are now being asked of outcrop and well based studies in order to address the ‘unseen challenges’ of subseismic deformation; (iv) how this is influencing the level of detail that should be captured to define better subsurface flow characteristics within flow simulation models; and (v) how depletion and injection impact upon formation and reactivation of reservoir scale deformation features. Confirmed Speakers: s(AAKON&OSSEN 5NIVERSITYOF"ERGEN s0AUL'ILLESPIE 3TATOIL s'RAHAM9IELDING "ADLEY'EOSCIENCE s$AVE3ANDERSON 5NIVERSITYOF3OUTHAMPTON &ORFURTHERINFORMATIONPLEASECONTACT ,AURA'RIFlTHS 4HE'EOLOGICAL3OCIETY "URLINGTON(OUSE 0ICCADILLY ,ONDON7*"' 4EL &AX At the forefront of petroleum geoscience www.geolsoc.org.uk/petroleum GEOSCIENTIST WELCOME Geoscientist is the ADVERTISING EXECUTIVE ~ Fellowship magazine of Jonathan Knight WIND FARMS BRING IN A NEW the Geological Society T 01727 739 193 of London E jonathan@centuryone HARVEST OF GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION publishing.uk Cover image: Matt Howcroft, University of Derby The Geological Society, ~ Burlington House, Piccadilly, ART EDITOR London W1J 0BG Heena Gudka T +44 (0)20 7434 9944 F +44 (0)20 7439 8975 DESIGN & PRODUCTION E [email protected] Sarah Astington (Not for Editorial - Please contact the Editor) PRINTED BY Century One Publishing House Publishing Ltd. The Geological Society Publishing House, Unit 7, Copyright Brassmill Enterprise Centre, The Geological Society of Brassmill Lane, Bath London is a Registered BA1 3JN Charity, number 210161. T 01225 445046 ISSN (print) 0961-5628 FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK: F 01225 442836 ISSN (online) 2045-1784 Library The Geological Society of London T +44 (0)20 7432 0999 accepts no responsibility for the F +44 (0)20 7439 3470 views expressed in any article in this Wages of sin? publication. All views expressed, E [email protected] except where explicitly stated otherwise, represent those of the EDITOR-IN-CHIEF author, and not The Geological Professor Peter Styles Society of London. All rights reserved. No paragraph of ir John Barrow, Secretary of northern sea route over Siberia might this publication may be reproduced, EDITOR copied or transmitted save with the Admiralty (1804-1845), be open for the minimum 60 days by Dr Ted Nield written permission. Users registered found himself embarrassed 2020 – representing ‘a huge saving in E [email protected] with Copyright Clearance Center: the Journal is registered with CCC, 27 by a Royal Navy that had time and emissions’ (money). Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, EDITORIAL BOARD USA. 0961-5628/02/$15.00. Every nothing much to do after the The International Chamber of Dr Sue Bowler effort has been made to trace S Mr Steve Branch copyright holders of material in defeat of Napoleon. Hearing tell of an Shipping’s members were all excited Dr Robin Cocks this publication. If any rights have ice-free arctic (in 1817) from the by this, said Kiran Khosla. The IMO Prof. Tony Harris been omitted, the publishers offer Dr Howard Falcon-Lang their apologies. whaler William Scoresby was music to has committed shippers to cutting Dr Jonathan Turner No responsibility is assumed by the his ears. Alas, Scoresby had found the their carbon footprint in half by 2050, Dr Jan Zalasiewicz Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a waters north of Canada only briefly so this must surely be a good thing. Trustees of the matter of products liability, ice-free thanks to Tambora’s 1815 Questioned by Lord Moynihan about negligence or otherwise, or from any Geological Society use or operation of any methods, eruption. Normal service the current costs of icebreaker support, of London products, instructions or ideas Prof David Manning contained in the material herein. soon resumed, and all Barrow’s Stopford admitted with a smile that (President); Although all advertising material is expeditions failed. companies hoped ‘the weather is going Mrs Natalyn Ala (Secretary, expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this News that military planners in the sort that one out for us’. Professional Matters); publication does not constitute a Dr Mike Armitage (Vice guarantee or endorsement of the Pentagon have been ordered not to Outraged? Well, no. Having just president); Dr Nigel quality or value of such product or of include climate change in any future finished Gaia Vince’s Adventures in the Cassidy; Prof Neil the claims made by its manufacturer. prognostications – evoking the image Anthropocene (see Jan Zalasiewicz’s Chapman; Dr Angela Coe; Subscriptions: All correspondence Mr Jim Coppard; relating to non-member of the US military’s futurologists review, p23) I am reluctant to throw up Mr David Cragg (Vice subscriptions should be addresses president); Mrs Jane to the Journals Subscription collectively sticking their fingers in my arms in horror at such ‘profiting Dottridge; Mr Chris Eccles; Department, Geological Society their ears and singling ‘la-la-la’ very from climate change’. Dr Marie Edmonds; Publishing House, Unit 7 Brassmill Enterprise Centre, Brassmill Lane, loudly – it is encouraging that the While opening up the Arctic might Professor Alastair Fraser Bath, BA1 3JN, UK. Tel: 01225 (Secretary, Science); 445046. Fax: 01225 442836. House of Lords Arctic Committee was have dire consequences if we burn the Mr David Hopkins; Email: [email protected]. The Mr David Jones (Vice subscription price for Volume
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  • Sir Nicholas Shackleton

    Sir Nicholas Shackleton

    Sir Nicholas Shackleton — ray @ 21 February 2006 With the recent death of Sir Nicholas Shackleton, paleoclimatology lost one of its brightest pioneers. Over the last ~40 years, Nick made numerous far-reaching contributions to our understanding of how climates varied in the past, and through those studies, he identified factors that are critically important for climate variability in the future. His career neatly encompasses the birth of the new science of paleoceanography to its synthesis into the even newer science of „Earth Systems‟; he made major contributions to these evolving fields throughout his life, and his insightful papers are required reading for students of paleoclimatology. Fundamentally, Nick was a geologist, with a research focus on changes in ocean chemistry recorded in the marine sediments and the calcium carbonate shells of tiny organisms (foraminifera) commonly found in them. Nick was among the first to recognize that changes in the oxygen isotope ratio(18O/16O) was not simply a function of temperature, as had been previously thought, but rather a reflection of global scale ocean chemistry which changed as ice built up on the continents during glaciations. This resulted from the fractionation of oxygen isotopes in water molecules, following evaporation from the ocean surface. As water vapor is carried towards higher latitudes, and condensation occurs, the precipitation that forms contains more of the heavy isotope (18O) which is thus returned to the ocean, leaving the vapor isotopically lighter. When precipitation forms as snow, and remains on the continents to form ice sheets, the overall composition of the world ocean gradually changes, becoming isotopically heavier (enriched in 18O) compared to periods when there are no ice sheets on the continents.