AgroLife Scientific Journal - Volume 9, Number 2, 2020 Wittayakun, S., Youngklang, C., Vasupen, K., ***FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the ISSN 2285-5718; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5726; ISSN ONLINE 2286-0126; ISSN-L 2285-5718 Khowthong, C. (2005). A study on the performance United Nations (2013). Rice market monitor. of medium producing Holstein Friesian lactating Available at:
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Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate medicinal plants in Ben Srour region of M'sila, province and their use for treating several diseases in traditional medicine. The traditional and local uses of collected plants were questioned through semi-structured interviews with local informants and practitioners. The obtained data allowed to identify 84 species belonging to 37 botanical families with dominance of Lamiaceae (11 species), Asteraceae (8 species), Fabaceae (7 species) and Apiaceae (6 species). The most used parts of the plant are leaves (43%), aerial parts (21.7%), stems (9.6%) and seeds (7.7%), respectively. Decoction (37.87%), infusion (27.51%), powder (11.31%), maceration (5.48%) and raw (6%) are mode of traditional preparation of the medicinal plants by the local people. According to the results, used plants in Ben Srour region can be as a potential source of useful drugs.
Key words: Ben Srour, M'sila, investigation, medicinal plants, traditional preparation.
INTRODUCTION Therefore ethnobotanical studies are often significant in revealing locally plant species Plants have been used in traditional medicine important especially for the discovery of crude for several thousand years (Abu-Rabia, 2005). drugs. Thus, documenting the indigenous Since the advent of modern allopathic knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is medicine, the use of traditional medicine important for the conservation and utilization (including the use of medicinal plants for cure) of biological resources. Nowadays, according declined to a considerable extent. However, in to the World Health Organization (WHO), as recent years, traditional medicine has made a many as 80% of the world's people depend on comeback for a variety of reasons such as side- traditional medicine for their primary effects and toxicity of modern synthetic drugs, healthcare needs. Ethno-medicinal surveys or evolution of multi-drug resistance surveys of medicinal plants used by traditional microorganisms, and the inability of modern medicinal practitioners could represent a rich medicine to find effective cures for a number of source of data for the knowledge of medicinal diseases. During the last few decades there has plants and the ailments for which they are used. been an increasing interest in the traditional use These data can provide the background and of medicinal plants in different parts of the save the potential researcher from fruitless world (Al-Qura'n, 2005; Gazzaneo et al., 2005; research in modern scientific inquiries about Lev, 2006). Several studies highlight the the disease-curing properties of any particular importance of herbal medicine among plant. The study of medicinal plants in this area indigenous peoples (Tabuti et al., 2003; has not been realized as fully as that of other Kujawska et al., 2017). traditional communities elsewhere. In this 45 study, we present information on plant species dedicated ethnobotanical studies have been Table 1. Population structure by commune (Ben Srour, province of M'sila) used as medicines by people that inhabit an published so far. Recently, various authors Commune Population Population sex Density (inhabitant/km2) Urban Rural 2015 Male Female Population Population important step area. Out of the total flowering (Rebbas et al., 2012; Benderradji et al., 2014; Ouled Sliman 7.201 3.672 3.528 23 0 7.201 plants reported from the world, more than Bounar et al., 2016), independently carried out Zarzour 6.781 3.458 3.323 28 0 6.781 50,000 are used for medicinal purposes a study in a few localities of the province of Mohamed Boudiaf 17.611 8.982 8.629 27 0 17.611 Ben Srour 28.084 14.327 13.757 60 24.222 3.862 (Govaerts, 2001). The Algerian flora with more M’sila, reporting the uses of medicinal plants. (National Agency for Investment Development, 2015) http://www.andi.dz/PDF/monographies/Msila.pdf. than 3139 species (Quézel & Santa, 1962; It is in this context that the present work is part 1963) is one of the richest of North Africa and has the following objectives: to collect as DATA COLLECTION fruits, seeds, roots, resin, rhizome and stems (Miara et al., 2018). In Algeria, where much information about the therapeutic uses (Figure 2). The parts most used by people in phytotherapy is an integral part of the local practiced in this region, to analyze the results The investigation of medicinal plants used study area appeared to be the leaves and aerial culture, population has an important indigenous concerning the relationships between medicinal within the communities of Ben Srour and the parts. This has also been observed by several knowledge empirically acquired through the species and types of diseases treated, to identify surrounding areas took place between January authors in different regions of Algeria (Benarba generations (Bouasla et al., 2017). Traditional all the diseases treated, to preserve the and May 2017.This study was conducted et al., 2015; Chermat & Gharzouli, 2015; medicine still remains the main resource for a medicinal plants used by the local population among randomly selected local people of Ben Ouelbani et al., 2016; Bouasla and Bouasla, large majority of the people in Algeria in order and to highlight its importance and therapeutic Srour region (Table 2). 200 people were 2017; Miara et al., 2019c). This may be related to treat health problems and a traditional interest by ethno-pharmacology based on drug interviewed using a questionnaire. Oral semi- to the nature of active compounds in these medical consultancy including the consumption discovery and biological studies. structured interviews and questionnaires were parts. In order to facilitate the administration of of the medicinal plants has a much lower cost the tools commonly used for data collection. the drug, several methods are used, namely than modern medical attention. Recently, there MATERIALS AND METHODS The plants were collected around the region of decoction, infusion, powder, fumigation, are some works done in Algerian provinces that the informants and were shown to them to poultice, and maceration. Users are always recorded medicinally important plants (Ould El THE STUDY AREA AND confirm the plant names. looking for the simplest method to prepare Hadj et al., 2003; Chehma & Djebar, 2008; ETHNOBOTANICAL INVESTIGATION The questionnaire contained information about herbal medicines (Figure 3), the most frequent Rebbas et al., 2012; Boudjelal et al., 2013; The study area of Ben Srour is located in the the interviewed people and their uses of medi- being the decoction and infusion. The Miara et al., 2013; Benarba et al., 2015; Southeast of the province of M’sila in the cinal plants, various data such as local names, dominance of these modes of preparation was Chermat & Gharzouli, 2015; Hammiche & Central North part of Algeria, at 40 km of the conditions and, therapeutic effects, parts of also observed in Constantine by Ouelbani et al. Maiza, 2015; Meddour & Meddour-Sahar, largest city nearby Bou Saâda (N 35 °2'25''; E plants used, mode of and administration. To (2016). However, Benarba et al. (2015) 2015; Bouchikh et al., 2016; Ouelbani et al., 4° 33'50'') (Figure 1). This region has a step include medicinal plants in this inventory, two reported the dominance of decoction prepa- 2016; Bendif et al., 2018; Miara et al., 2018; ecosystem with arid climate, includes a forest inclusion criteria were used: first - only herbal ration. Among the people questioned, those Souilah et al., 2018; Miara et al., 2019a; with accentuated relief, and a mountainous remedies that have been passed down from the aged 40-50 years were the most prevalent, at 2019b). Despite the existence of a rich ethnic area. oral tradition were taken into account; and 25%, followed by those aged 50-60 years at heritage in the region of our interest, only a few second - only the plant species that could be 22%, then those aged 30-40 years at 19%, and
directly identified and collected by the 20-30 years at 16%, the over 60 year-oldest respondent are listed in this article. 11%. The herbalists aged less of 20 years were N a moderate 8% of the group (Figure 4). There Table 2. Distributions of investigations in the is also a loss of information on medicinal communities of Ben Srour plants, which could be explained by the Region Number of investigation mistrust of some people, especially young ALGERIA Ben Srour 100 people, who tend to no longer believe too much Ouled Sliman 25 Zarzour 25 in traditional medicine. Mohamed Boudiaf 50 Our results are confirmed by the study of Total 200 Ben Srour Anyinam (1995) who stated that knowledge of In black medicinal plants and their properties is
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS generally acquired after a long experience
Figure 1. Location of the study area Ben Srour, Central North of Algeria (National Agency for Investment accumulated and transmitted from one Overall 84 plants belonging to 37 botanical Development, 2015) http://www.andi.dz/PDF/monographies/Msila.pdf. generation to another. The transmission of this families have been documented. Of the 37 knowledge is currently in danger because it is For the study area (Ben Srour, province of practically made up of a nomadic population: families encountered four families clearly not always ensured. The questionnaire affected M'sila), the population density by commune is Ouled Slimane, Khoubana Ben Zouh, Sidi dominate the use profile, namely: Apiaceae both sexes (male and female). The majority of shown in Table 1. The structure by sex gives a Hadjres, El Houamed and M’cif. with 6 species, Fabaceae with 7 species, the people who used the medicinal plants in female population; the sex ratio is 1.04 men for In general, this region is inhabited by rural Asteraceae with 8 species and Lamiaceae with Ben Srour were female (60%) while only 40% a woman. The nomadic population has always population with majority of dwellers being 11 species (Table 4). The plant parts ranged were males, since women often use medicinal remained located in the south east and in the farmers who still continue to practice from aerial parts, bulbs, bark, leaves, flowers, center of the state. Some municipalities are traditional medicine. plants compared to men (Figure 5). This is 46 study, we present information on plant species dedicated ethnobotanical studies have been Table 1. Population structure by commune (Ben Srour, province of M'sila) used as medicines by people that inhabit an published so far. Recently, various authors Commune Population Population sex Density (inhabitant/km2) Urban Rural 2015 Male Female Population Population important step area. Out of the total flowering (Rebbas et al., 2012; Benderradji et al., 2014; Ouled Sliman 7.201 3.672 3.528 23 0 7.201 plants reported from the world, more than Bounar et al., 2016), independently carried out Zarzour 6.781 3.458 3.323 28 0 6.781 50,000 are used for medicinal purposes a study in a few localities of the province of Mohamed Boudiaf 17.611 8.982 8.629 27 0 17.611 Ben Srour 28.084 14.327 13.757 60 24.222 3.862 (Govaerts, 2001). The Algerian flora with more M’sila, reporting the uses of medicinal plants. (National Agency for Investment Development, 2015) http://www.andi.dz/PDF/monographies/Msila.pdf. than 3139 species (Quézel & Santa, 1962; It is in this context that the present work is part 1963) is one of the richest of North Africa and has the following objectives: to collect as DATA COLLECTION fruits, seeds, roots, resin, rhizome and stems (Miara et al., 2018). In Algeria, where much information about the therapeutic uses (Figure 2). The parts most used by people in phytotherapy is an integral part of the local practiced in this region, to analyze the results The investigation of medicinal plants used study area appeared to be the leaves and aerial culture, population has an important indigenous concerning the relationships between medicinal within the communities of Ben Srour and the parts. This has also been observed by several knowledge empirically acquired through the species and types of diseases treated, to identify surrounding areas took place between January authors in different regions of Algeria (Benarba generations (Bouasla et al., 2017). Traditional all the diseases treated, to preserve the and May 2017.This study was conducted et al., 2015; Chermat & Gharzouli, 2015; medicine still remains the main resource for a medicinal plants used by the local population among randomly selected local people of Ben Ouelbani et al., 2016; Bouasla and Bouasla, large majority of the people in Algeria in order and to highlight its importance and therapeutic Srour region (Table 2). 200 people were 2017; Miara et al., 2019c). This may be related to treat health problems and a traditional interest by ethno-pharmacology based on drug interviewed using a questionnaire. Oral semi- to the nature of active compounds in these medical consultancy including the consumption discovery and biological studies. structured interviews and questionnaires were parts. In order to facilitate the administration of of the medicinal plants has a much lower cost the tools commonly used for data collection. the drug, several methods are used, namely than modern medical attention. Recently, there MATERIALS AND METHODS The plants were collected around the region of decoction, infusion, powder, fumigation, are some works done in Algerian provinces that the informants and were shown to them to poultice, and maceration. Users are always recorded medicinally important plants (Ould El THE STUDY AREA AND confirm the plant names. looking for the simplest method to prepare Hadj et al., 2003; Chehma & Djebar, 2008; ETHNOBOTANICAL INVESTIGATION The questionnaire contained information about herbal medicines (Figure 3), the most frequent Rebbas et al., 2012; Boudjelal et al., 2013; The study area of Ben Srour is located in the the interviewed people and their uses of medi- being the decoction and infusion. The Miara et al., 2013; Benarba et al., 2015; Southeast of the province of M’sila in the cinal plants, various data such as local names, dominance of these modes of preparation was Chermat & Gharzouli, 2015; Hammiche & Central North part of Algeria, at 40 km of the conditions and, therapeutic effects, parts of also observed in Constantine by Ouelbani et al. Maiza, 2015; Meddour & Meddour-Sahar, largest city nearby Bou Saâda (N 35 °2'25''; E plants used, mode of and administration. To (2016). However, Benarba et al. (2015) 2015; Bouchikh et al., 2016; Ouelbani et al., 4° 33'50'') (Figure 1). This region has a step include medicinal plants in this inventory, two reported the dominance of decoction prepa- 2016; Bendif et al., 2018; Miara et al., 2018; ecosystem with arid climate, includes a forest inclusion criteria were used: first - only herbal ration. Among the people questioned, those Souilah et al., 2018; Miara et al., 2019a; with accentuated relief, and a mountainous remedies that have been passed down from the aged 40-50 years were the most prevalent, at 2019b). Despite the existence of a rich ethnic area. oral tradition were taken into account; and 25%, followed by those aged 50-60 years at heritage in the region of our interest, only a few second - only the plant species that could be 22%, then those aged 30-40 years at 19%, and
directly identified and collected by the 20-30 years at 16%, the over 60 year-oldest respondent are listed in this article. 11%. The herbalists aged less of 20 years were N a moderate 8% of the group (Figure 4). There Table 2. Distributions of investigations in the is also a loss of information on medicinal communities of Ben Srour plants, which could be explained by the Region Number of investigation mistrust of some people, especially young ALGERIA Ben Srour 100 people, who tend to no longer believe too much Ouled Sliman 25 Zarzour 25 in traditional medicine. Mohamed Boudiaf 50 Our results are confirmed by the study of Total 200 Ben Srour Anyinam (1995) who stated that knowledge of In black medicinal plants and their properties is
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS generally acquired after a long experience
Figure 1. Location of the study area Ben Srour, Central North of Algeria (National Agency for Investment accumulated and transmitted from one Overall 84 plants belonging to 37 botanical Development, 2015) http://www.andi.dz/PDF/monographies/Msila.pdf. generation to another. The transmission of this families have been documented. Of the 37 knowledge is currently in danger because it is For the study area (Ben Srour, province of practically made up of a nomadic population: families encountered four families clearly not always ensured. The questionnaire affected M'sila), the population density by commune is Ouled Slimane, Khoubana Ben Zouh, Sidi dominate the use profile, namely: Apiaceae both sexes (male and female). The majority of shown in Table 1. The structure by sex gives a Hadjres, El Houamed and M’cif. with 6 species, Fabaceae with 7 species, the people who used the medicinal plants in female population; the sex ratio is 1.04 men for In general, this region is inhabited by rural Asteraceae with 8 species and Lamiaceae with Ben Srour were female (60%) while only 40% a woman. The nomadic population has always population with majority of dwellers being 11 species (Table 4). The plant parts ranged were males, since women often use medicinal remained located in the south east and in the farmers who still continue to practice from aerial parts, bulbs, bark, leaves, flowers, center of the state. Some municipalities are traditional medicine. plants compared to men (Figure 5). This is 47 explained by various factors e.g. women are was exposed, and various other factors. The concerned with the treatment (not only of interviewed people reported 6 plants that were themselves but also of their families), toxic when used at high doses (Table 3). preparation of recipes for care, their In previous study, Peganum. harmala L. and responsibility as mothers, providing first aid, in Nerium. oleander L., were reported as toxic particular for children, all these showing that species in Bordj Bou Arreridj region (Miara et women are more holders of traditional al., 2019c). In regard to dosage, the people phytotherapeutic knowledge. reported that the dose differed from one plant
More than half of the people were college to another, and should be optimized by taking Figure 3. Methods of herbal preparation used by local Figure 8. Proportion distribution of users according to graduates (51%). Those are illiterate with no people profession into consideration several parameters, such as level of study accounted for 25%, while those the patient’s age, general state of health, with a primary or secondary level of education TOXICITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS previous diseases or presence of any current were only 14 and 10% (Figure 6). chronic diseases. The most common users in these surveys are The toxicity of the plant can depend on (i) part Unfortunately, there was no general agreement married people (54%), followed by single used, (ii) how the body came into contact with on precise dose limits for these plants. people (30%), then widows (13%), and the plant, (iii) the dose to which the organism divorced people (3%) (Figure7). The unemployed and civil servants constitute Table 3. Medicinal plants identified with a toxic effect the major part of the informants, representing Plants Families Number of informants 34.5% and 26%, respectively. People with free Peganum harmala L. (Harmal) Nitrariaceae 4 work come in third place (8%), and finally Figure 4. Proportion distribution of users by age Ruta chalepensis L. (Fidjel) Rutaceae 5 herbalists (3% of the people surveyed). Nerium oleander L. (Defla) Apocynaceae 22 The unemployed make up the majority of users Urtica urens L. (Horig) Urticaceae 7 of herbal medicines (35%), because plants are Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Hdadj) Cucurbitaceae 32 available year-round in their environment, and Thapsia garganica L. (Bounafaa) Papaveraceae 12 plants are cheaper compared to pharmaco- clinical efficacy, and safety of the extracts in logical drugs (Figure 8). FUTURE PERSPECTIVES AND diseases treatment are recommended. CONCLUSIONS
DISEASES THERAPY The ethnobotanical investigation carried out in ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Ben Srour documented 84 medicinal plant The information collected from traditional Figure 5. Proportion distribution of users by sex species distributed in 37 families, with the The authors are thankful to the Directorate medical practitioners was summarized (Table predominance of Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, General for Scientific Research and 4). Most of the plants in Ben Srour region were Apiaceae and Fabaceae. M. viridis L., A. herba- Technological Development (DG-RSDT), found to be very effective in the treatment of alba Asso, J. communis L., A. campestris L., R. Algeria, for supporting this scientific research infectious, endocrine system, cardiovascular, officinalis L., P. harmala L., A. sativum L., T. and to the local experts of traditional medicine and respiratory system diseases, as well, they polium L. and A. cepa L were most commonly that are the most knowledgeable about are used to treat gastrointestinal, and urinary used by the indigenous people of Ben Srour traditional medicine and often about medicinal system complications, especially, in region. The above-mentioned medicinal plants plants. hematology, neurology, gynecology, in Ben Srour region can be as a potential source torhinolaryngology and tumors fields. of useful drugs. The findings of this review are CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Figure 6. Proportion distribution of users sby level of study promising in diseases traditional therapy. Generally, despite the fact that promising The authors declare that there are no conflicts information indicate the efficacy of the of interest regarding the publication of this medicinal plants of the region in the treatment paper. of several diseases, future researches on investigating mechanisms of actions, dosages, AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTION
All authors contributed equally to this work.
Figure 7. Proportion distribution of users by family Figure 2. Proportion of plant parts used by local people situation
48 explained by various factors e.g. women are was exposed, and various other factors. The concerned with the treatment (not only of interviewed people reported 6 plants that were themselves but also of their families), toxic when used at high doses (Table 3). preparation of recipes for care, their In previous study, Peganum. harmala L. and responsibility as mothers, providing first aid, in Nerium. oleander L., were reported as toxic particular for children, all these showing that species in Bordj Bou Arreridj region (Miara et women are more holders of traditional al., 2019c). In regard to dosage, the people phytotherapeutic knowledge. reported that the dose differed from one plant
More than half of the people were college to another, and should be optimized by taking Figure 3. Methods of herbal preparation used by local Figure 8. Proportion distribution of users according to graduates (51%). Those are illiterate with no people profession into consideration several parameters, such as level of study accounted for 25%, while those the patient’s age, general state of health, with a primary or secondary level of education TOXICITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS previous diseases or presence of any current were only 14 and 10% (Figure 6). chronic diseases. The most common users in these surveys are The toxicity of the plant can depend on (i) part Unfortunately, there was no general agreement married people (54%), followed by single used, (ii) how the body came into contact with on precise dose limits for these plants. people (30%), then widows (13%), and the plant, (iii) the dose to which the organism divorced people (3%) (Figure7). The unemployed and civil servants constitute Table 3. Medicinal plants identified with a toxic effect the major part of the informants, representing Plants Families Number of informants 34.5% and 26%, respectively. People with free Peganum harmala L. (Harmal) Nitrariaceae 4 work come in third place (8%), and finally Figure 4. Proportion distribution of users by age Ruta chalepensis L. (Fidjel) Rutaceae 5 herbalists (3% of the people surveyed). Nerium oleander L. (Defla) Apocynaceae 22 The unemployed make up the majority of users Urtica urens L. (Horig) Urticaceae 7 of herbal medicines (35%), because plants are Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Hdadj) Cucurbitaceae 32 available year-round in their environment, and Thapsia garganica L. (Bounafaa) Papaveraceae 12 plants are cheaper compared to pharmaco- logical drugs (Figure 8). FUTURE PERSPECTIVES AND clinical efficacy, and safety of the extracts in CONCLUSIONS diseases treatment are recommended. DISEASES THERAPY The ethnobotanical investigation carried out in ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ben Srour documented 84 medicinal plant The information collected from traditional Figure 5. Proportion distribution of users by sex The authors are thankful to the Directorate medical practitioners was summarized (Table species distributed in 37 families, with the General for Scientific Research and 4). Most of the plants in Ben Srour region were predominance of Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Technological Development (DG-RSDT), found to be very effective in the treatment of Apiaceae and Fabaceae. M. viridis L., A. herba- Algeria, for supporting this scientific research infectious, endocrine system, cardiovascular, alba Asso, J. communis L., A. campestris L., R. officinalis L., P. harmala L., A. sativum L., T. and to the local experts of traditional medicine and respiratory system diseases, as well, they polium L. and A. cepa L were most commonly that are the most knowledgeable about are used to treat gastrointestinal, and urinary traditional medicine and often about medicinal system complications, especially, in used by the indigenous people of Ben Srour plants. hematology, neurology, gynecology, region. The above-mentioned medicinal plants in Ben Srour region can be as a potential source torhinolaryngology and tumors fields. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Figure 6. Proportion distribution of users of useful drugs. The findings of this review are sby level of study promising in diseases traditional therapy. Generally, despite the fact that promising The authors declare that there are no conflicts information indicate the efficacy of the of interest regarding the publication of this medicinal plants of the region in the treatment paper. of several diseases, future researches on investigating mechanisms of actions, dosages, AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTION
All authors contributed equally to this work.
Figure 7. Proportion distribution of users by family Figure 2. Proportion of plant parts used by local people situation
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Powder Infusion Infusion ataplasm Cooked and b nfusion Infusion Fabaceae decoction Apiaceae Cactaceae Decoction Decoction Decoction c Decoction Decoction Decoction Arecaceae Preparation Asteraceae Preparation , i Brassicaceae Cupressaceae Apocynaceae Cucurbitaceae Asparagaceae Anacardiaceae Amaranthaceae Amaryllidaceae Caryophyllaceae Infusion and raw and Infusion Row and cooked and Row Cooked and juice Bath and and Bath Infusion and powder and Infusion Powder Infusion and decoction and Infusion decoction and Infusion decoction and Infusion compress and infusion and compress Infusion and c and Infusion Infusion and decoction and Infusion Decoction, juice and oil and juice Decoction, Decoction, maceration, Decoction, Powder and maceration , powder, cooked, fresh and and fresh cooked, powder, , Infusion, maceration and and maceration Infusion, Decoction, row, cooked, row, Decoction, maceration and fumigation and maceration Decoction, raw and powder and raw Decoction, Infusion, raw and decoction and raw Infusion, Infusion, decoction, powder, powder, decoction, Infusion, Infusion, decoction and powder and decoction Infusion, decoction maceration, Infusion, raw Infusion, decoction and powder and decoction Infusion, a decoction Powder, Decoction Decoction, powderc and
Medicinalplants used by l the
. parts Stem parts 4 roots Roots Roots Fruits Seeds Seeds Roots seeds leaves stems Roots Roots Fruits Bulbs Bulbs leaves leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Part used and seeds and Part used aerial parts aerial Aerial parts Aerial parts Aerial , and seeds , leaves Bulbs, roots, Inflorescences Leaves and fruits and Leaves Leaves and seeds and Leaves Leaves and stems and Leaves Leaves and fruits and Leaves leaves aerial parts aerial leaves Table Aerial parts, seeds and and seeds parts, Aerial Aerial parts and leaves and parts Aerial Roots, leaves and fruits and leaves Roots, Aerial parts, stems and and stems parts, Aerial leaves, stems and aerial aerial and stems leaves, Aerial parts, leaves and leaves parts, Aerial Bulbs, seeds and aerial aerial and seeds Bulbs, Stems Aerial parts, leaves, stems stems leaves, parts, Aerial
Left Chih Fatat Selg Gtof Hindi Aârâr achad Hdadj Defla Ladad Tagga Homos Tgofet Dharw Haberr, Besbas Nakhla Djardjir Kosbor Khardel El aadas Tasekra Zroudia El basla El Erk sous Erk Kharoub Sakoum Khorchaf El Hadjer El Baboundj El thome Camoune talghouda Local name Local meki Sanna Magramâne Chamandar Local name Local Chedjret meriem Chedjret Bounnafâa, Derias Bounnafâa,
Schrad.
)
L.
. L. L. Asso
L. L. ( L
L. . . L. Mill. L. L. L.
Mill.
L.
L
L.
Mill. L.
J.Presl. & C. Presl. C. & J.Presl. L.
L. L. ca L.
L.
L. L.
alba alba L. L. ,
. (L.) Cav. Cav. (L.) L.
-
L. L Medik
L.
indi (L.) Aiton L. -
um L.
ampestris c sativum
Artemisia absinthium Artemisia herba Artemisia gummifera Atractylis nobilis Anthemis cardunculus Cynara Inula viscosa rapa Brassica Eruca vesicaria sativum Lepidium arvensis Sinapis ficus Opuntia rubra Spergularia colocynthis Citrullus oxycedrus Juniperus Juniperus phoenicea alexandrina Senna Cicer arietin Lens culinaris glabra Glycyrrhiza siliqua Ceratonia Atriplex halimus Atriplex Beta vulgaris Spinacia oleracea cepa Allium Allium Pistacia lentiscus cyminum Cuminum vulgare Foeniculum garganica Thapsia bulbocastanum Bunium carota Daucus sativum Coriandrum oleander Nerium dactylifera Phoenix officinalis Asparagus Echinops spinosus Artemisia
50
-
, - d treat d treat cough,
childbirth, childbirth,
phalic oothache nd diabetes nd t
t liquefies the blood, blood, the t liquefies , stomachic, anti I , intoxication an
nia and affectionsof the
heumatic fever, hepatic hepatic fever, heumatic r vomiting, dysentery, injuries injuries dysentery, vomiting, rheumatism and ce and rheumatism - sts, breast cancer a cancer breast sts, - rheumatic, analgesic, earache, earache, analgesic, rheumatic,
- dewormer
dyspepsia
nti ions
c, inflammation of the urinary tract, tract, urinary the of c, inflammation
sterol and liver disease liver and sterol
pain, worms, intestinal disease, kidney titis, colic,hepatic and rheumatism ,intestinal worms, rheumatic, intestinal gas, gas, intestinal rheumatic, worms, ,intestinal arache, treats anemia. treats arache, - ver diseases, abdominal pain, aperitif, aperitif, pain, abdominal diseases, ver o dache, analgesic and antiseptic e pot, diarrhea and stomach ulcer and stomach diarrhea pot, pain liver Anemia diarrheal and headache and diarrheal galactogenic and against constipation and relax Local use - Local use , lower cholesterol and blood pressure, pressure, blood and cholesterol lower , Constipation Treats cough Intestinal gas Intestinal ing, intestinal worms and cough and worms intestinal ing, Blood pressure Blood hea, detersive, hemostatic, vulnerable hemostatic, detersive, hea, calculi, urinary and rheumatism and urinary calculi, dewormer dewormer Anemia and burns and Anemia lepers and lepers stomach epurative, aperitif, dislocation, arthritis, and fractures and arthritis, dislocation, aperitif, epurative, rheumatic, diuretic, a diuretic, rheumatic, - on, pulmonary diseases, diseases, pulmonary on, diseases of the kidneys the of diseases iarrheic, anti iarrheic, Hygieneafter child birth d - and other mouth condit mouth other and anti insufficiency and palpitations and insufficiency dewormer anti Against anemia and sexual sterility
machic, diuretic, skin diseases (eczema) diseases skin diuretic, machic, Intestinal gas, thrombosis and worms and thrombosis gas, Intestinal Hair care, anti anxiety, skin diseases and lung diseases lung and diseases skin anxiety,
Sto diarrhea and vesicle, renal renal vesicle, bladder, inflammation or urinary tract, tract, urinary or inflammation bladder, - knees, headache, otitis, otitis, headache, knees, stomach ulcer, bit ulcer, stomach Rheumatism, asthma, chole asthma, Rheumatism, Diuretic, aperitif, digestive and stomachic and tonic and stomachic and digestive aperitif, Diuretic, ars, constipation, headache, headache, constipation, ars, inflammatory, diuretic, inflammatory, region e - antiseptic, cure diarr cure antiseptic, inflammatory, Skin spot, analgesics, skin s skin analgesics, spot, Skin ems, antiseptic, anthelmintic, relaxing, hemorrhoid, difficulty in difficulty hemorrhoid, relaxing, anthelmintic, antiseptic, ems, - Against some skin diseases, respiratory and cardiac disorders cardiac and respiratory diseases, skin some Against iarrheic, inflammati iarrheic, gastric ulcer, lung ailments, hea ailments, lung ulcer, gastric tion, anti Hemorrhoids, d - Anti aerophagia, abdominal pain, colic, spasms and treat stomach disorders stomach treat and spasms colic, pain, abdominal aerophagia, Aperitif, stomachic, anemia, cardiovascular disease and stomach debility. stomach and disease cardiovascular anemia, stomachic, Aperitif, Local application against rheumatic pains and the thorax to treat bronchitis treat to thorax the and pains rheumatic against application Local parasitic, antiseptic and detergent (treatment of wounds), ulcer, debility, stomach, stomach, debility, ulcer, of wounds), (treatment detergent and antiseptic parasitic, Digestive problems, abdominal pains, li pains, abdominal problems, Digestive - diarrheal, aperitif, febrifuge, aphrodisiac, asepti aphrodisiac, febrifuge, aperitif, diarrheal, - inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, lower blood pressure. pressure. blood lower antispasmodic, antiseptic, inflammatory, anemic, aperitif, digestive, it is recommended in case of asthe of case in recommended is it digestive, aperitif, anemic, Rheumatisms and abdominal pains, antispasmodic, anti antispasmodic, pains, abdominal and Rheumatisms Sores, boils, abscesses and skin inflammations, fever, fever, inflammations, and skin abscesses boils, Sores, - Activate kidneys, - Ben Srour Used against diarrhea and intestinal gas. useful for colon diseases analgesic, anxiety, anxiety, analgesic, diseases colon for useful gas. intestinal and diarrhea against Used Anti Hypoglycemia and rheumatism, d inflammatory, analgesic, healing, used against fever. relieves wounds, abscesses, abscesses, wounds, relieves fever. against used healing, analgesic, inflammatory, Anti Febrifuge, hypoglycemiant, migraine, throat infection, colds, biting insects, hemorrhoids, hypertension and diabetes. and hypertension hemorrhoids, insects, biting colds, infection, throat migraine, Diabetes, poisoning, diarrhea, stomach pain, intestinal gas, abdominal pain, hypotension, hypotension, pain, abdominal gas, intestinal pain, stomach diarrhea, poisoning, Diabetes, antispasmodic, stomachic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, anti anthelmintic, emmenagogue, stomachic, antispasmodic, cicatrizing ac cicatrizing Digestive probl Digestive infectious, anti infectious, Anti nausea, Anti nausea, Anti Respiratory and digestive problems, ear inflammation, bronchial tubes and weak breathing, breathing, weak and tubes bronchial inflammation, ear problems, digestive and Respiratory Eczema, scarring and some of skin diseases (dart), thyroid cy thyroid (dart), diseases skin of some and scarring Eczema, Stomachic, chronic constipation, inflammation of the lungs and mouth, neuralgic cough and and cough neuralgic mouth, and lungs the of inflammation constipation, chronic Stomachic, Digestive problems, treats inflammations of the urinary, tract anxiety , dyspepsia, gingivitis gingivitis dyspepsia, , anxiety tract urinary, the of inflammations treats problems, Digestive Treatment of infected wounds, bronchitis, constipation, hair loss, lungs and breathing, anti breathing, and lungs loss, hair constipation, bronchitis, wounds, infected of Treatment infected wounds,
and
ataplasm
owder ocal people of
nd infusion nd
, p ataplasm
ath infusion Juice juice and cataplasm
Powder Infusion Infusion Cooked ataplasm and b nfusion Infusion Fabaceae decoction Apiaceae Cactaceae Decoction Decoction Decoction c Decoction Decoction Decoction Arecaceae Preparation Asteraceae Preparation , i Brassicaceae Cupressaceae Apocynaceae Cucurbitaceae Asparagaceae Anacardiaceae Amaranthaceae Amaryllidaceae Caryophyllaceae Infusion and raw and Infusion Row and cooked and Row Cooked and juice Bath and and Bath Infusion and powder and Infusion Powder Infusion and decoction and Infusion decoction and Infusion decoction and Infusion compress and infusion and compress Infusion and c and Infusion Infusion and decoction and Infusion Decoction, juice and oil and juice Decoction, Decoction, maceration, Decoction, Powder and maceration , powder, cooked, fresh and and fresh cooked, powder, , Infusion, maceration and and maceration Infusion, Decoction, row, cooked, row, Decoction, maceration and fumigation and maceration Decoction, raw and powder and raw Decoction, Infusion, raw and decoction and raw Infusion, Infusion, decoction, powder, powder, decoction, Infusion, Infusion, decoction and powder and decoction Infusion, decoction maceration, Infusion, raw Infusion, decoction and powder and decoction Infusion, a decoction Powder, Decoction Decoction, powderc and
Medicinalplants used by l the
. parts Stem parts 4 roots Roots Seeds Seeds Roots Roots Fruits seeds leaves stems Bulbs Bulbs Roots Fruits Roots leaves leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Part used and seeds and Part used aerial parts aerial Aerial parts Aerial parts Aerial , and seeds , leaves Bulbs, roots, Inflorescences Leaves and fruits and Leaves Leaves and seeds and Leaves Leaves and stems and Leaves Leaves and fruits and Leaves leaves aerial parts aerial leaves Table Aerial parts, seeds and and seeds parts, Aerial Aerial parts and leaves and parts Aerial Roots, leaves and fruits and leaves Roots, Aerial parts, stems and and stems parts, Aerial leaves, stems and aerial aerial and stems leaves, Aerial parts, leaves and leaves parts, Aerial Bulbs, seeds and aerial aerial and seeds Bulbs, Stems Aerial parts, leaves, stems stems leaves, parts, Aerial
Left Chih Fatat Selg Gtof Aârâr Hindi achad Hdadj Defla Ladad Tagga Homos Tgofet Dharw Haberr, Besbas Nakhla Djardjir Kosbor Khardel El aadas Zroudia Tasekra El basla El Erk sous Erk Kharoub Sakoum Khorchaf El Hadjer El Baboundj El thome Camoune talghouda Local name Local meki Sanna Magramâne Chamandar Local name Local Chedjret meriem Chedjret Bounnafâa, Derias Bounnafâa,
Schrad.
)
L.
. L. L. Asso
L. L. ( L
L. . . L.
L. Mill. L. L.
Mill.
L.
L
L.
Mill. L.
J.Presl. & C. Presl. C. & J.Presl. L.
L. L. ca L.
L.
L. L.
alba alba L. L. ,
. (L.) Cav. Cav. (L.) L.
-
L. L Medik
L.
indi (L.) Aiton L. -
um L. ampestris c sativum
Artemisia absinthium Artemisia herba Artemisia gummifera Atractylis nobilis Anthemis cardunculus Cynara Inula viscosa rapa Brassica Eruca vesicaria sativum Lepidium arvensis Sinapis ficus Opuntia rubra Spergularia colocynthis Citrullus oxycedrus Juniperus Juniperus phoenicea alexandrina Senna Cicer arietin Lens culinaris glabra Glycyrrhiza siliqua Ceratonia Atriplex halimus Atriplex Beta vulgaris Spinacia oleracea cepa Allium Allium Pistacia lentiscus cyminum Cuminum vulgare Foeniculum garganica Thapsia bulbocastanum Bunium carota Daucus sativum Coriandrum oleander Nerium dactylifera Phoenix officinalis Asparagus Echinops spinosus Artemisia
51
,
and
ant,
diarrheic -
ative,
diseases, solitary worms, worms, solitary diseases,
, stomachic
pressure, rheumatism and burns and rheumatism pressure, stomach pressure, blood estion, nal pain ion, burns and intestinal worms
diarrheal, antispasmodic, stimul antispasmodic, diarrheal,
- nd menstrual cycle irregularity cycle menstrual nd
ive, febrifuge, hypoglycemic, vulnerable, vulnerable, hypoglycemic, febrifuge, ive, dewormer heumatism , r es , sores, feverish and tapeworms and feverish , sores, diarrheal, cold, headache, intestinal gas, gastric gas, intestinal headache, cold, diarrheal, norexia, stomach pains and blood pressure blood and pains stomach norexia, - Local use a nalgesic, anti iarrheal, hypertension, wounds, intestinal worms, worms, intestinal wounds, hypertension, iarrheal, a t worms and sores and worms t d - Rheumatic pains Rheumatic nti trea Use Use treat to a thrombosis and varicose veins varicose and thrombosis inflammatory, deters neuralgia and stomach abdomi stomach and neuralgia - anorexia, microbes in the gut and lungs and gut the in microbes anorexia, , hypoglycemic, stomach pains, slimming, aperitif, bronchitis, Treat hemorrhoids, cysts, anemia, tumor anemia, cysts, hemorrhoids, Treat diarrheal, slimming, use for phobia, anemia, lack of mother's milk mother's of lack anemia, phobia, for use slimming, diarrheal, - Blood pressure, diabet pressure, Blood outhwash to treat aphthae, diarrhea, digestive problems digestive diarrhea, aphthae, treat to outhwash ntiseptic, antispasmodic,hepatic disorders, carmin heal, feverish, against h, kidneys, colds, irregularity of the menstrual cycle, Alzheimer, diabetes Alzheimer, cycle, the of menstrual irregularity colds, h, kidneys, M A healing, detergent, diarrhea detergent, healing, rheumatic, antidiabetic,hypotensive, digestiveproblems, anti skin, varicose veins, dermatosis, colic, anorexia and stomach and anorexia colic, dermatosis, veins, varicose skin, - , antiseptic, nutrient, tonic, febrifuge, intestinal ulcer, hemorrhages, chapped chapped hemorrhages, ulcer, intestinal febrifuge, tonic, nutrient, , antiseptic, c galactagogic diarr - febrifuge, anti febrifuge, women for milk of lack and nervous against cough, whooping disease,
hic, tooth pain, aperitif, cough, allergies, blood allergies, cough, aperitif, pain, tooth hic, Rheumatism, mouth and teethinfections a romote appetite, healing. rheumatism, respiratory tract infections, headaches infections, tract respiratory rheumatism, healing. appetite, romote Anti hypertensive, antispasmodic, anti antispasmodic, hypertensive, p - disorders, inflammation of the larynx, bronchitis, bad breath and stomach pain stomach and breath bad bronchitis, larynx, the of inflammation disorders, diarrhei - Liver diseases, respiratory tract, febrile conditions (in young children), antidiabetic, antidiabetic, children), young (in conditions febrile tract, respiratory diseases, Liver Diuretic, Diuretic, antiseptic, stomach, gastric ulcer, genitourinary infect genitourinary ulcer, gastric stomach, antiseptic, Skin disorders, allergy, aerophagia, rheumatism, indig rheumatism, aerophagia, allergy, disorders, Skin Skin affections (furuncles), eye irritations, diarrhea, feverish feverish diarrhea, irritations, eye (furuncles), affections Skin due to fatigue, against cystitis, cystitis, against to fatigue, due stomac gingivitis and other diseases of the mouth intoxication, insomnia, dyspepsia, migraine, migraine, dyspepsia, insomnia, intoxication, mouth the of diseases other and gingivitis Anti Diabetes, migraine, anti migraine, Diabetes, cold, aerophagia, hypertension, stomach, anxiety, inflammation of the respiratory tract, tract, the of respiratory inflammation anxiety, stomach, hypertension, aerophagia, cold, Antiseptic, antispasmodic, digestive, digestive, antispasmodic, Antiseptic, oftening, Hepatic disorders, dyspepsia, intestinal gas, rheumatism, skin and hair affections, leg pain pain leg affections, hair and skin rheumatism, gas, intestinal dyspepsia, disorders, Hepatic Anti Antiseptic, anti s stomac weakened Digestive problems, abdominal pains, stomachic, heart disease, heart disease, treats nervous nervous treats disease, heart disease, heart stomachic, pains, abdominal problems, Digestive antihypertensive, hepatic tumors, eczema, digestive, influenza, respiratory problems, against against problems, respiratory influenza, digestive, eczema, tumors, hepatic antihypertensive,
and
ath
ataplasm
ath oil uice j gargarisme and gargarisme Powder Infusion and b Fagaceae decoction decoction Lytraceae Lauraceae Lamiaceae Malvaceae fumigation maceration Preparation powder and decoction and powder Powder and decoction Decoction and powder Infusion and decoction and Infusion Infusion, decoction and and decoction Infusion, Infusion, decoction, and and decoction, Infusion, Infusion, Infusion, Infusion, powder and b and powder Infusion, Infusion, decoction and powder and decoction Infusion, powder and decoction Infusion, maceration decoction, Infusion, infusion and decoction Powder, Infusion , powder and decoction and powder , Infusion Infusion, powder, decoction and and decoction powder, Infusion, Infusion, powder, c powder, Infusion, Infusion, maceration, powder and and powder maceration, Infusion, Raw, cooked, infusion, compress, compress, infusion, cooked, Raw,
rs, rs,
tems s rial parts rial
tems, flowers flowers tems, l of fruit parts parts parts Bark Seeds Leaves Leaves Leaves (dbagha) Part used and seeds and aerial parts aerial Aerial parts Aerial Pee Leaves, Leaves, Leaves, ae Aerial parts and leaves and parts Aerial leaves and parts Aerial s Leaves, Leaves, fruitsand bark Leaves, stems, flowe stems, Leaves, Aerial partsand flowers Leaves, stems and aerial aerial and stems Leaves, aerial and stems Leaves, Flowers, leaves and aerial aerial and leaves Flowers,
Ballout
- mzir Jertil Stem Fliou Rand Karfa AKlil Zaater Henna Ahbak Zâaitra Naanaa Elhalba Khayata Romane Merriouat Local name Local Chendgoura Mezir Khouzama Mezir Kerouch
.
L. oloratus
l (Desf.) c
Desf. ) Webb & Pres .
L.
. J.
L
L. Boiss et Reut subsp.
ballota
L. graecum
- L. L. L.
L.
Forssk L. (
L. Schreb. Schreb. subsp.
officinalis officinalis (L.)
Boiss. Reut.) & Burdet Greuter & Retama raetam Berthel Trigonella foenum ilex Quercus Samp. munbyanus Thymus Ajuga iva stoechas Lavandula vulgare Marrubium pulegium Mentha spicata Mentha Ocimum basilicum glandulosum Origanum Rosmarinus polium Teucrium munbyanus Thymus ( verum Cinnamomum nobilis Laurus Lawsonia inermis granatum Punica
52
,
and chic
- ant,
d obesity diarrheal - diarrheic -
ction insomnia, insomnia, ction
morrhoids, hypo morrhoids, ative,
nd parasitend problems and
diseases, solitary worms, worms, solitary diseases, stones
cular accidents, anti accidents, cular , stomachic
t irritating cough and insomnia and cough t irritating pressure, rheumatism and burns and rheumatism pressure, stomach pressure, blood estion, nal pain thinness ion, burns and intestinal worms
diarrheal, antispasmodic, stimul antispasmodic, diarrheal,
-
nd menstrual cycle irregularity cycle menstrual nd
, detersive and Kidney Diseases Kidney and , detersive
ive, febrifuge, hypoglycemic, vulnerable, vulnerable, hypoglycemic, febrifuge, ive, dewormer heumatism , r es , sores, feverish and tapeworms and feverish , sores, ) and Eczema wounds diarrheal, cold, headache, intestinal gas, gastric gas, intestinal headache, cold, diarrheal, Local use norexia, stomach pains and blood pressure blood and pains stomach norexia, - Local use cholesterol a nalgesic, anti constipation iarrheal, hypertension, wounds, intestinal worms, worms, intestinal wounds, hypertension, iarrheal, heumatic pains heumatic a psia, gallstones, kidney t worms and sores and worms t d R - Rheumatic pains Rheumatic trea nti kidney and urinary tract diseases tract urinary and kidney
Use Use treat to a thrombosis and varicose veins varicose and thrombosis diseases and bowel obstructions bowel and diseases euphoric, cystsand hemorrhoids , hypotensive tonics. Fruits: softeners, he softeners, Fruits: tonics. hypotensive , inflammatory, deters Skin irritations ( irritations Skin neuralgia and stomach abdomi stomach and neuralgia - anorexia, microbes in the gut and lungs and gut the in microbes anorexia, , hypoglycemic, stomach pains, slimming, aperitif, bronchitis, Treat hemorrhoids, cysts, anemia, tumor anemia, cysts, hemorrhoids, Treat diarrheal, slimming, use for phobia, anemia, lack of mother's milk mother's of lack anemia, phobia, for use slimming, diarrheal, diarrhea, - jaundice, dyspe jaundice, hemorrhoid, hypotensive, inflammations of eyes. Leaves and bark: bark: and Leaves eyes. of inflammations hypotensive, hemorrhoid, - Blood pressure, diabet pressure, Blood outhwash to treat aphthae, diarrhea, digestive problems digestive diarrhea, aphthae, treat to outhwash ntiseptic, antispasmodic,hepatic disorders, carmin growth, pregnancy and lactation and pregnancy growth, heal, feverish, against h, kidneys, colds, irregularity of the menstrual cycle, Alzheimer, diabetes Alzheimer, cycle, the of menstrual irregularity colds, h, kidneys, M A and sudorific, rheumatism, kidney disease sciatica anorexia healing, detergent, diarrhea detergent, healing, rheumatic, antidiabetic,hypotensive, digestiveproblems, anti skin, varicose veins, dermatosis, colic, anorexia and stomach and anorexia colic, dermatosis, veins, varicose skin, - hypoglycemic , antiseptic, nutrient, tonic, febrifuge, intestinal ulcer, hemorrhages, chapped chapped hemorrhages, ulcer, intestinal febrifuge, tonic, nutrient, , antiseptic, c galactagogic diarr rders, pain, gingivitis, heart attack or or cardiovas attack heart gingivitis, pain, rders, - , hypotensive, laxatives, nutritive, olive oil: treat colds, painful periods, menstrual menstrual periods, painful colds, treat oil: olive nutritive, laxatives, hypotensive, , febrifuge, anti febrifuge, women for milk of lack and nervous against cough, whooping disease,
Urinary tract infections, toothache, blood circulation disorders and colds and disorders circulation blood toothache, infections, tract Urinary hic, tooth pain, aperitif, cough, allergies, blood allergies, cough, aperitif, pain, tooth hic, Anemia, Anemia, Rheumatism, mouth and teethinfections a romote appetite, healing. rheumatism, respiratory tract infections, headaches infections, tract respiratory rheumatism, healing. appetite, romote Anti hypertensive, antispasmodic, anti antispasmodic, hypertensive, p - diarrheal, antiasthenic, laxative, nutritious, used to treat anemia, bronchopulmonary bronchopulmonary anemia, to treat used nutritious, laxative, antiasthenic, diarrheal, disorders, inflammation of the larynx, bronchitis, bad breath and stomach pain stomach and breath bad bronchitis, larynx, the of inflammation disorders, - diarrhei - febrifuge, febrifuge, Antispasmodic, digestiveproblems, soothing, Agains Liver diseases, respiratory tract, febrile conditions (in young children), antidiabetic, antidiabetic, children), young (in conditions febrile tract, respiratory diseases, Liver umors, eyes irritations, inflammations, urinary and digestive disorders, skin infections infections skin disorders, digestive and urinary inflammations, irritations, eyes umors, Diuretic, Diuretic, antiseptic, stomach, gastric ulcer, genitourinary infect genitourinary ulcer, gastric stomach, antiseptic, Skin disorders, allergy, aerophagia, rheumatism, indig rheumatism, aerophagia, allergy, disorders, Skin cycle diso Skin affections (furuncles), eye irritations, diarrhea, feverish feverish diarrhea, irritations, eye (furuncles), affections Skin due to fatigue, against cystitis, cystitis, against to fatigue, due stomac gingivitis and other diseases of the mouth intoxication, insomnia, dyspepsia, migraine, migraine, dyspepsia, insomnia, intoxication, mouth the of diseases other and gingivitis (abscesses, tumors, insect bites, etc.), respiratory conditions (asthma, colds), antiseptic, antiseptic, colds), (asthma, conditions respiratory etc.), bites, insect tumors, (abscesses, Anti Hypoglycemic, anti Hypoglycemic, Diabetes, migraine, anti migraine, Diabetes, T Blood pressure, intestinal gases, urinary tract diseases, calculi, Rheumatism an Rheumatism calculi, diseases, tract urinary gases, intestinal pressure, Blood cold, aerophagia, hypertension, stomach, anxiety, inflammation of the respiratory tract, tract, the of respiratory inflammation anxiety, stomach, hypertension, aerophagia, cold, Aphrodisiac and euphoric, analgesics (rheumatic pain, painful periods), aphrodisiac and and aphrodisiac periods), painful pain, (rheumatic analgesics euphoric, and Aphrodisiac Antiseptic, antispasmodic, digestive, digestive, antispasmodic, Antiseptic, Anti Respiratory ailment (bronchitis, pneumonia and colds), urinary a urinary colds), and pneumonia (bronchitis, ailment Respiratory chroniculcers, hair, kidney stones, antidiabetic, slimming, kidney stones,weight lossand calming, back pain, rheumatic pain, kidney stones, hemorrhoids, tooth infe tooth hemorrhoids, stones, kidney pain, rheumatic pain, back calming, oftening, Hepatic disorders, dyspepsia, intestinal gas, rheumatism, skin and hair affections, leg pain pain leg affections, hair and skin rheumatism, gas, intestinal dyspepsia, disorders, Hepatic Diabetes, anemia, tuberculosis, stomach, colon, rheumatism, kidney diseases, urinary tract, tract, urinary diseases, kidney rheumatism, colon, stomach, tuberculosis, anemia, Diabetes, Anti Depurative, diuretic, laxative (depending on the dose, it may become purgative), stoma purgative), become may it dose, on the (depending laxative diuretic, Depurative, Antiseptic, anti s stomac weakened cholesteric Digestive problems, abdominal pains, stomachic, heart disease, heart disease, treats nervous nervous treats disease, heart disease, heart stomachic, pains, abdominal problems, Digestive antihypertensive, hepatic tumors, eczema, digestive, influenza, respiratory problems, against against problems, respiratory influenza, digestive, eczema, tumors, hepatic antihypertensive,
and
ath ataplasm
, cataplasm , cataplasm
ataplasm , gargling and
ceae tion ath
oil uice j gargarisme and gargarisme Poaceae Powder gargling and bath and Pinaceae Infusion and b Oleaceae decoc Moraceae cataplasm Fagaceae Decoction Decoction decoction decoction Lytraceae Myrtaceae Lauraceae Preparation Lamiaceae Malvaceae fumigation maceration Pedalia Preparation Nitrariaceae Fresh and oil and Fresh Papaveraceae Plantaginaceae Ranunculaceae Raw and and maceration Raw sion, decoction sion, Decoction and powder powder and decoction and powder Powder and decoction Infusion and decoction and Infusion decoction and Infusion decoction and Infusion Decoction and powder Infusion and decoction and Infusion Infusion, decoction and and decoction Infusion, Infusion, decoction, and and decoction, Infusion, Infusion, Infusion, Infusion, powder and b and powder Infusion, Infusion, raw, cooked , oil and and oil , cooked raw, Infusion, Infu Infusion, decoction and powder and decoction Infusion, powder and decoction Infusion, maceration decoction, Infusion, infusion and decoction Powder, Infusion , powder and decoction and powder , Infusion Infusion, powder, decoction and and decoction powder, Infusion, Infusion,powder and maceration Infusion, decoction Infusion, Infusion, powder, c powder, Infusion, Decoction, powderc and Infusion,powder, raw, cooked and and cooked raw, Infusion,powder, Infusion, maceration, powder and and powder maceration, Infusion, Raw, cooked, infusion, compress, compress, infusion, cooked, Raw,
rs, rs,
tems s rial parts rial
resin bark tems, flowers flowers tems, l of fruit parts parts parts Bark Seeds Seeds Fruits Seeds Seeds Beards Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Flowers Flowers Part used (dbagha) Part used and seeds and aerial parts aerial Aerial parts Aerial Aerial parts Aerial Pee Leaves, Leaves, Leaves and roots and Leaves Leaves, Leaves, Leaves, ae Flowers aerialparts Leaves, fruitsand bark Aerial parts and leaves and parts Aerial leaves and parts Aerial s Leaves, Leaves, fruitsand bark Leaves, stems, flowe stems, Leaves, Aerial partsand flowers Leaves, stems and aerial aerial and stems Leaves, aerial and stems Leaves, Flowers, leaves and aerial aerial and leaves Flowers,
Ballout
- arma Mais mzir Halfa Jertil Stem Fliou Rand AKlil Karfa K Zaater Henna Ahbak Zenzou Harmel Jeljlane Zâaitra Zitoune Naanaa Elhalba El gamh El gboubch Snowber Khayata Romane El chàire Koronfol Tesslegha Merriouat Local name Local Benaâmane, Local name Local Chendgoura Mezir Khouzama Mezir Khoubeïze, M’djir Kerouch
L.M.
.
&
L. oloratus l (Desf.) Merr. c
)
europaea
Desf. ) Webb & L. Pres . L.
(
.
J.
. L
Boiss et Reut L. subsp. ballota L.
L. L. graecum L
L.
L. - L. L.
L. L.
Mill. L.
L.
L. Forssk Desf.
L. ( L. subsp.
L. Schreb. Schreb. L. subsp.
officinalis officinalis L. (L.)
Boiss. Reut.) & Burdet Greuter & Malva sylvestris Malva carica Ficus aromaticum Syzygium Perry Peganum harmala europaea Olea rhoeas Papaver indicum Sesamum halepensis Pinus mays Zea vulgare Hordeum tenacissima Stipa durum Triticum Globularia alypum cirrhosa Clematis Retama raetam Berthel Trigonella foenum ilex Quercus Samp. munbyanus Thymus Ajuga iva stoechas Lavandula vulgare Marrubium pulegium Mentha spicata Mentha Ocimum basilicum glandulosum Origanum Rosmarinus polium Teucrium munbyanus Thymus ( verum Cinnamomum nobilis Laurus Lawsonia inermis granatum Punica
53
REFERENCES Hammiche, V. & Maiza, K. (2006). Traditional medicine in Central Sahara: pharmacopoeia of Tassili N’ajjer. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105(3), 358-367. fruit with
Abu-Rabia, A. (2005). Urinary diseases and ethnobotany among pastoral nomads in the Middle East. Journal Kujawska, M., Hilgert, N.I., Keller, H.A. & Gil, G.
(2017). Medicinal plant diversity and inter-cultural
of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 1(1), 4. interactions between indigenous guarani, criollos and Al-Qura'n, S. (2005). Ethnobotanical survey of folk toxic somnia, painful periods painful somnia, polish migrants in the subtropics of Argentina. PloS
inflammatory, Antiseptic plants in southern part of Jordan. Toxicon, 46(2),
-
one, 12(1).
119-129. itis ebrifuges, stomachic, headache headache stomachic, ebrifuges,
f Lev, E. (2006). Ethno-diversity within current ethno- a, colds, anorexiaand asthenia Anyinam, C. (1995). Ecology and ethnomedicine: sthenia
exploring links between current environmental crisis pharmacology as part of Israeli traditional medicine-a and indigenous medical practices. Social Science & review. Journal of Ethnobiology and
Medicine, 40(3), 321-329. Ethnomedicine, 2(1), 4. at pulmonary affections, eczema, affections, pulmonary at Benarba, B., Belabid, L., Righi, K., amine Bekkar, A., Meddour, R. & Meddour-Sahar, O. (2015). Medicinal
on, cephalic and abdominal pain plants and their traditional uses in Kabylia (Tizi Local use Elouissi, M., Khaldi, A. & Hamimed, A. (2015). Ouzou, Algeria). Arabian Journal of Medicinal and bronchitis, skin burnsand cough
Colon diseases, stomach pains, pains, stomach diseases, Colon Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by
nemia, blood pressure blood nemia, anxiety and influenza and anxiety Aromatic Plants, 1(2), 137-151. A traditional healers in Mascara (North West of
ough, headache and toothache Miara, M.D., Hammou, M.A. & Aoul, S.H. (2013). C Algeria). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 175, 626- Dewormer, analgesics and flatuos and analgesics Dewormer, Dandruff, dewormer and hydragogue and dewormer Dandruff, Phytothérapie et taxonomie des plantes médicinales colon, insomnia, Obesity and a periods, diabetes, obesity and asthenia and obesity diabetes, periods, Diarrheic, Antiseptic, against scabies and hair loss hair and scabies against Antiseptic, 637. - t intestinal worms, anxiety, hysteri anxiety, worms, t intestinal spontanées dans la région de Tiaret , deworming, intestinal gas, lung Affections and weak heart weak and Affections lung gas, intestinal deworming, , Benderradji, L., Rebbas, K., Ghadbane, M., Bounar, R., Stomach ulcer, ulcer, Stomach inflammatory (ophthalmic), diuretic, deworming, breathing problems, problems, breathing deworming, diuretic, (ophthalmic), inflammatory
- (Algérie). Phytothérapie, 11(4), 206-218. emollient activity, stomach pain. leaves for headache for leaves pain. stomach activity, emollient
unburn, eye inflammati eye unburn, Brini, F. & Bouzerzour, H. (2014). Ethnobotanical
S Miara, M.D., Bendif, H., Hammou, M.A. & Teixidor- fatigue, intestinal gas, unclogging ofbloodvessels, sinusitis, cancer,painful Hepatic jaundice and chlorosis, laxative, fever and anorexia and fever laxative, chlorosis, and jaundice Hepatic
- study of medicinal plants in Djebel messaad region diarrheic - (M'sila, Algeria). Global J. Res. Med. Plants & Toneu, I. (2018). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal
stomachic, mixed with pure honey as aphrodisiac, aphrodisiac, as honey pure with mixed stomachic, plants used by nomadic peoples in the Algerian Anti Indigen. Med., Vol., 3(12), 445-459. e powder used as a suppository inside the anus against hemorrhoids, decoction is is decoction hemorrhoids, against anus the inside as a suppository used powder e anemic, anorexia, dyspepsia, constipation, analgesic, Anti analgesic, constipation, dyspepsia, anorexia, anemic, - Bendif, H., Miara, M. D., Harir, M., Merabti, K., & steppe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 219, 248- Th
Antispasmodic, agains 256. Pulmonary affections and jaundice. Roots tre recommended against intestinal pain, for headache, kidneys, hypertension, Intestinal gas, gas, Intestinal hypertension, kidneys, headache, for pain, intestinal against recommended Anti Souilah, N. (2018). Ethnobotany of Medicinal Plants Antispasmodic, anti Antispasmodic, High blood pressure, acne, colds, digestive disorders, fever, stomach weakness, sore throat, throat, sore weakness, stomach fever, disorders, digestive colds, acne, pressure, blood High Diuretic, Diuretic, Breathing problems. Anti (Cephalic), anti (Cephalic), of El Mansourah (West of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Miara, M.D., Bendif, H., Rebbas, K., Rabah, B., Algeria). J. Soil Plant Biol., 1, 24-39. Hammou, M.A. & Maggi, F. (2019a). Medicinal
plants and their traditional uses in the highland region
Bouasla, A. & Bouasla, I. (2017). Ethnobotanical survey
of Bordj Bou Arreridj (Northeast Algeria). Journal of
of medicinal plants in northeastern of
nfusion Herbal Medicine, 16, 100262. Algeria. Phytomedicine, 36, 68-81. Miara, M.D., Teixidor-Toneu, I., Sahnoun, T., Bendif, H. , powder and and powder ,
and i Bouchikh, Y., Labani, A., Abbad, A., Bouhelouane, S., & Hammou, M.A. (2019b). Herbal remedies and ataplasm Cooked Vitaceae Infusion, Lakhdari, W. & Dahliz, A. (2016). Ethnobotanical Rutaceae Rosaceae Theaceae c Decoction Decoction Decoction Decoction Decoction Urticaceae Solanaceae Preparation
Rhamnaceae traditional knowledge of the Tuareg community in Zingiberaceae
Thymelaeaceae study of medicinal flora in the Atriplexaies plantation Infusion and raw and Infusion Juice and decoction and Juice decoction and Juice
wder, raw wder, the region of Illizi (Algerian Sahara). Journal of Arid Infusion and decoction and Infusion
Decoction and infusion Decoction of Saida - a high land stepic city of Algeria. Cataplasm and infusion and Cataplasm Po Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 45, 233-238. Environments, 167, 65-73. Infusion, powder and decoction and powder Infusion, decoction and powder Infusion, Bounar, R., Rebbas, K., Ghadbane, M., Dahia, M. & Ouelbani, R., Bensari, S., Mouas, T.N. & Khelifi, D.
Miara, M.D. (2017). Flora and medicinal plants in the (2016). Ethnobotanical investigations on plants used
in folk medicine in the regions of Constantine and
green spaces of Bousaâda (Algeria) and
Mila (North-East of Algeria). Journal of
surroundings. Global J. Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Vol., 6(1), 01-14. Ethnopharmacology, 194, 196-218. and fruits Seeds Bulbs Fruits Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962-1963). Nouvelle flore de Leaves Leaves Leaves
Flowers Chehma, A. & Djebar, M.R. (2008). Les espèces Part used
Aerial parts Aerial parts Aerial l’Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales. In Leaves, stems Leaves, médicinales spontanées du Sahara septentrional Fruits and leaves and Fruits roots and Leaves Tuber and leaves and Tuber Leaves algérien: distribution spatio-temporelle et étude CNRS (Ed) 2, Vols. Paris, 1170 pp. Roots, fruits and leaves Leaves, flowers and fruits and flowers Leaves, ethnobotanique. Synthèse: Revue des Sciences et de Rebbas, K., Bounar, R., Gharzouli, R., Ramdani, M., la Technologie, 17, 36-45. Djellouli, Y. & Alatou, D. (2012). Plantes d’intérêt
médicinale et écologique dans la région d’Ouanougha
Chermat, S. & Gharzouli, R. (2015). Ethnobotanical
study of medicinal flora in the North East of Algeria- (M’sila, Algérie). Phytothérapie, 10(2), 131-142. Tabuti, J.R., Lye, K.A. & Dhillion, S.S. (2003). Sedra Fidjel Horig Lazaz Batata aymoun aynoudj Tchina
M’liles An empirical knowledge in Djebel Zdimm (Setif). J. El dalya El Zaaroura S Zandjabil L Felfel har Felfel Methnane
Tai lakhdar Traditional herbal drugs of Bulamogi, Uganda: Local name Local El karkadya El Mater Sci Eng, 5, 50-9. El Hadj, O., Didi, M., Hadj-Mahammed, M. & Zabeirou, plants, use and administration. Journal of H. (2003). Place des plantes spontanées dans la Ethnopharmacology, 88(1), 19-44. médicine traditionnelle de la région de Ouargla ***ANDI (Agence Nationale de Développement de (Sahara septentrional est). l’Investissement) (2015). Wilaya de M’sila. Report
available: http://www.andi.dz/PDF/monographies/
Gazzaneo, L.R.S., De Lucena, R.F.P. & de Albuquerque,
Msila.pdf.
. U.P. (2005). Knowledge and use of medicinal plants
.
. by local specialists in an region of Atlantic Forest in L
L L. L. L.
(L.) Endl. Roscoe
L.
Burm. f Burm. the state of Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil). J. of (L.)
L. L.
(L.) Lam. Lam. (L.) L. Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 1(1), 9.
(L.) L. L. Govaerts, R. (2001). How many species of seed plants are there? Taxon, 50(4), 1085-1090. Nigella sativa sativa Nigella lemon Citrus aurantum Citrus chalepensis Ruta alaternus Rhamnus lotus Ziziphus azarolus Crataegus sabdariffa Hibiscus Solanum tuberesum frutescens Capsicum sinensis Camellia gridium Daphne Thymelaea hirsuta urens Urtica Vitis vinifera officinale Zingiber
54
REFERENCES Hammiche, V. & Maiza, K. (2006). Traditional medicine in Central Sahara: pharmacopoeia of Tassili N’ajjer. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105(3), 358-367. fruit with
Abu-Rabia, A. (2005). Urinary diseases and ethnobotany among pastoral nomads in the Middle East. Journal Kujawska, M., Hilgert, N.I., Keller, H.A. & Gil, G.
(2017). Medicinal plant diversity and inter-cultural
of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 1(1), 4. interactions between indigenous guarani, criollos and Al-Qura'n, S. (2005). Ethnobotanical survey of folk toxic somnia, painful periods painful somnia, polish migrants in the subtropics of Argentina. PloS
inflammatory, Antiseptic plants in southern part of Jordan. Toxicon, 46(2),
-
one, 12(1).
119-129. itis ebrifuges, stomachic, headache headache stomachic, ebrifuges, f Lev, E. (2006). Ethno-diversity within current ethno- a, colds, anorexiaand asthenia Anyinam, C. (1995). Ecology and ethnomedicine: sthenia
exploring links between current environmental crisis pharmacology as part of Israeli traditional medicine-a and indigenous medical practices. Social Science & review. Journal of Ethnobiology and
Medicine, 40(3), 321-329. Ethnomedicine, 2(1), 4. at pulmonary affections, eczema, affections, pulmonary at Benarba, B., Belabid, L., Righi, K., amine Bekkar, A., Meddour, R. & Meddour-Sahar, O. (2015). Medicinal on, cephalic and abdominal pain plants and their traditional uses in Kabylia (Tizi Local use Elouissi, M., Khaldi, A. & Hamimed, A. (2015). Ouzou, Algeria). Arabian Journal of Medicinal and bronchitis, skin burnsand cough
Colon diseases, stomach pains, pains, stomach diseases, Colon Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by nemia, blood pressure blood nemia, anxiety and influenza and anxiety Aromatic Plants, 1(2), 137-151. A traditional healers in Mascara (North West of ough, headache and toothache Miara, M.D., Hammou, M.A. & Aoul, S.H. (2013). C Algeria). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 175, 626- Dewormer, analgesics and flatuos and analgesics Dewormer, Dandruff, dewormer and hydragogue and dewormer Dandruff, Phytothérapie et taxonomie des plantes médicinales colon, insomnia, Obesity and a periods, diabetes, obesity and asthenia and obesity diabetes, periods, Diarrheic, Antiseptic, against scabies and hair loss hair and scabies against Antiseptic, 637. - t intestinal worms, anxiety, hysteri anxiety, worms, t intestinal spontanées dans la région de Tiaret , deworming, intestinal gas, lung Affections and weak heart weak and Affections lung gas, intestinal deworming, , Benderradji, L., Rebbas, K., Ghadbane, M., Bounar, R., Stomach ulcer, ulcer, Stomach inflammatory (ophthalmic), diuretic, deworming, breathing problems, problems, breathing deworming, diuretic, (ophthalmic), inflammatory
- (Algérie). Phytothérapie, 11(4), 206-218. emollient activity, stomach pain. leaves for headache for leaves pain. stomach activity, emollient
unburn, eye inflammati eye unburn, Brini, F. & Bouzerzour, H. (2014). Ethnobotanical
S Miara, M.D., Bendif, H., Hammou, M.A. & Teixidor- fatigue, intestinal gas, unclogging ofbloodvessels, sinusitis, cancer,painful Hepatic jaundice and chlorosis, laxative, fever and anorexia and fever laxative, chlorosis, and jaundice Hepatic
- study of medicinal plants in Djebel messaad region diarrheic - (M'sila, Algeria). Global J. Res. Med. Plants & Toneu, I. (2018). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal
stomachic, mixed with pure honey as aphrodisiac, aphrodisiac, as honey pure with mixed stomachic, plants used by nomadic peoples in the Algerian Anti Indigen. Med., Vol., 3(12), 445-459. e powder used as a suppository inside the anus against hemorrhoids, decoction is is decoction hemorrhoids, against anus the inside as a suppository used powder e anemic, anorexia, dyspepsia, constipation, analgesic, Anti analgesic, constipation, dyspepsia, anorexia, anemic, - Bendif, H., Miara, M. D., Harir, M., Merabti, K., & steppe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 219, 248- Th
Antispasmodic, agains 256. Pulmonary affections and jaundice. Roots tre recommended against intestinal pain, for headache, kidneys, hypertension, Intestinal gas, gas, Intestinal hypertension, kidneys, headache, for pain, intestinal against recommended Anti Souilah, N. (2018). Ethnobotany of Medicinal Plants Antispasmodic, anti Antispasmodic, High blood pressure, acne, colds, digestive disorders, fever, stomach weakness, sore throat, throat, sore weakness, stomach fever, disorders, digestive colds, acne, pressure, blood High Diuretic, Diuretic, Breathing problems. Anti (Cephalic), anti (Cephalic), of El Mansourah (West of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Miara, M.D., Bendif, H., Rebbas, K., Rabah, B., Algeria). J. Soil Plant Biol., 1, 24-39. Hammou, M.A. & Maggi, F. (2019a). Medicinal
plants and their traditional uses in the highland region
Bouasla, A. & Bouasla, I. (2017). Ethnobotanical survey
of Bordj Bou Arreridj (Northeast Algeria). Journal of
of medicinal plants in northeastern of
nfusion Herbal Medicine, 16, 100262. Algeria. Phytomedicine, 36, 68-81. Miara, M.D., Teixidor-Toneu, I., Sahnoun, T., Bendif, H. , powder and and powder , and i Bouchikh, Y., Labani, A., Abbad, A., Bouhelouane, S., & Hammou, M.A. (2019b). Herbal remedies and ataplasm Cooked Vitaceae Infusion,
Rutaceae Lakhdari, W. & Dahliz, A. (2016). Ethnobotanical Rosaceae Theaceae c Decoction Decoction Decoction Decoction Decoction Urticaceae Solanaceae Preparation
Rhamnaceae traditional knowledge of the Tuareg community in Zingiberaceae
Thymelaeaceae study of medicinal flora in the Atriplexaies plantation Infusion and raw and Infusion Juice and decoction and Juice decoction and Juice wder, raw wder, the region of Illizi (Algerian Sahara). Journal of Arid Infusion and decoction and Infusion Decoction and infusion Decoction
Cataplasm and infusion and Cataplasm of Saida - a high land stepic city of Algeria. Po Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 45, 233-238. Environments, 167, 65-73. Infusion, powder and decoction and powder Infusion, decoction and powder Infusion, Bounar, R., Rebbas, K., Ghadbane, M., Dahia, M. & Ouelbani, R., Bensari, S., Mouas, T.N. & Khelifi, D.
Miara, M.D. (2017). Flora and medicinal plants in the (2016). Ethnobotanical investigations on plants used
in folk medicine in the regions of Constantine and
green spaces of Bousaâda (Algeria) and
Mila (North-East of Algeria). Journal of
surroundings. Global J. Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Vol., 6(1), 01-14. Ethnopharmacology, 194, 196-218. and fruits
Seeds Fruits Bulbs Quezel, P. & Santa, S. (1962-1963). Nouvelle flore de Leaves Leaves Leaves
Flowers Chehma, A. & Djebar, M.R. (2008). Les espèces Part used
Aerial parts Aerial parts Aerial l’Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales. In Leaves, stems Leaves, médicinales spontanées du Sahara septentrional Fruits and leaves and Fruits roots and Leaves Tuber and leaves and Tuber Leaves algérien: distribution spatio-temporelle et étude CNRS (Ed) 2, Vols. Paris, 1170 pp. Roots, fruits and leaves Leaves, flowers and fruits and flowers Leaves, ethnobotanique. Synthèse: Revue des Sciences et de Rebbas, K., Bounar, R., Gharzouli, R., Ramdani, M., la Technologie, 17, 36-45. Djellouli, Y. & Alatou, D. (2012). Plantes d’intérêt
médicinale et écologique dans la région d’Ouanougha
Chermat, S. & Gharzouli, R. (2015). Ethnobotanical
study of medicinal flora in the North East of Algeria- (M’sila, Algérie). Phytothérapie, 10(2), 131-142. Tabuti, J.R., Lye, K.A. & Dhillion, S.S. (2003). Sedra Fidjel Horig Lazaz Batata aymoun aynoudj Tchina
M’liles An empirical knowledge in Djebel Zdimm (Setif). J. El dalya El Zaaroura S L Zandjabil Felfel har Felfel Methnane Tai lakhdar
Local name Local Traditional herbal drugs of Bulamogi, Uganda: El karkadya El Mater Sci Eng, 5, 50-9. El Hadj, O., Didi, M., Hadj-Mahammed, M. & Zabeirou, plants, use and administration. Journal of H. (2003). Place des plantes spontanées dans la Ethnopharmacology, 88(1), 19-44. médicine traditionnelle de la région de Ouargla ***ANDI (Agence Nationale de Développement de (Sahara septentrional est). l’Investissement) (2015). Wilaya de M’sila. Report
available: http://www.andi.dz/PDF/monographies/
Gazzaneo, L.R.S., De Lucena, R.F.P. & de Albuquerque,
Msila.pdf.
. U.P. (2005). Knowledge and use of medicinal plants
.
. by local specialists in an region of Atlantic Forest in L
L L. L. L.
(L.) Endl. Roscoe
L.
Burm. f Burm. the state of Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil). J. of (L.)
L. L.
L. Lam. (L.) Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 1(1), 9.
(L.) L. L. Govaerts, R. (2001). How many species of seed plants are there? Taxon, 50(4), 1085-1090. Nigella sativa sativa Nigella lemon Citrus aurantum Citrus chalepensis Ruta alaternus Rhamnus lotus Ziziphus azarolus Crataegus sabdariffa Hibiscus Solanum tuberesum frutescens Capsicum sinensis Camellia gridium Daphne Thymelaea hirsuta urens Urtica Vitis vinifera officinale Zingiber
55