Transitioning Weipa Towards a Water Sensitive Town
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Transitioning Weipa towards a Water Sensitive Town watersensitivecities.org.au Chris Tanner and Jurg Keller CRC for Water Sensitive Cities September 2018 Provides a healthy What is natural environment, thereby offering a range of social, a Water ecological and economic benefits Sensitive watersensitivecities.org.au City? Serves as a potential water supply catchment, providing a range of different water sources at a range of different Consists of water scales, and for a range sensitive communities of different uses where citizens are actively engaged in decision making, and demonstrate positive behaviours Context and motivation watersensitivecities.org.au • Improving liveability and sustainability • Supporting a growing population • Retaining people beyond their working life • Attracting and retaining skilled workforce and their families • Addressing community expectations • Increasing economic opportunities, in particular tourism • Supporting Weipa’s transition towards a formal local council • Helping to establish Weipa as the ‘Capital of Cape York’ Good examples watersensitivecities.org.au Good examples — Parks and greens watersensitivecities.org.au Key challenges watersensitivecities.org.au Key opportunities watersensitivecities.org.au Key opportunities watersensitivecities.org.au More opportunities watersensitivecities.org.au Key challenges and opportunities Wastewater treatment plant produces 1.3–1.5ML/day of good quality effluent watersensitivecities.org.au • Water could be used for irrigation – but may Wet-dry tropic climate means low or require disinfection no rainfall for 6–8 months a year • Treatment plant is located some 4km out of town, so piping could be costly • Lawns and other low vegetation die back if not watered – resulting in brown/dusty surfaces • Using water and nutrients, plus composted biosolids and green waste from town, • Plenty of infiltration occurs in the wet season local produce could be grown in vicinity of – shallow aquifers and existing bores could treatment plant make water available in dry season Urban/housing design could take better advantage of local conditions and potential values • Many properties ‘closed in’ with colorbond fencing – blocking breezes and outlook • Large area for public footpwaths/verges/ stormwater drains, but they are not well vegetated and have limited or no irrigation Key challenges and opportunities Using solar energy for water heating provides major energy savings watersensitivecities.org.au • Across Australian cities, 87% of water system related energy consumption is for water heating at the household Water sensitive practice can increase health, liveability and productivity • Weipa could achieve far greater energy savings through solar hot water systems • Green infrastructure (living streams, wetlands than from all other town water supply and etc.) increases liveability and directly impacts wastewater treatment uses house values • Increased vegetation cover provides cooling benefits that have significant direct benefits for human health, active community and energy costs Wet season water can be stored for dry season application • Overall, Weipa receives a large excess of rain water relative to annual demand • Existing/modified stormwater drain areas could support infiltration into shallow aquifers which can then be used during dry season Water Sensitive Cities transition process watersensitivecities.org.au Benchmarking Visioning Transition planning Enabling structures On-ground practices Socio-political capital Vision and narrative Water systems planning Leadership Evaluation frameworks Urban and landscape design Science influence Policy and strategy Water systems design Networks Legislation and regulation Operation and maintenance Capacity Incentives Monitoring and evaluation Community connection Revenue, funding and investment Citizen engagement Learning culture Cost-benefit analyses Weipa’s transition process watersensitivecities.org.au Visioning Benchmarking Transition planning We need better water pressure if the town Weipa’s is going to grow. Hopefully, that will improve soon. community I hope that one day, Weipa has less turnover of people so that sporting views clubs like mine can retain watersensitivecities.org.au members and volunteers Views for longer. • Optimism • Community spirit Children’s wishes • Valuing our lifestyle Wouldn’t it be great if we could go to • Keeping the town clean • Self-reliant a local farmers’ • Looking after the • Resilience market and environment buy fresh food I hope that our grown locally. • More things for kids to do town looks clean In the future, I hope and green for that Weipa is a • Making sure the town looks visitors, with lots tourism destination its best – clean and green of native trees – in its own right, not a single track • More shopping options a green oasis. destination on the • A water park way to the Cape. Wouldn’t it be • Bikeways to link all parts of Wouldn’t it great if one day, the town including parks be great if three Weipa was known generations chose as the Capital of • A better airport Weipa as their the Cape. choice for the best place to live. Key ideas 5. Produce fresh local fruits and vegies using recycled water and compost from green waste for a Water and biosolids 6. Offset power costs for irrigation network by Wise Weipa watersensitivecities.org.au encouraging solar hot water systems installed across town, creating multiple savings 7. Install low-pressure, pumped sewer systems 1. Establish blue–green corridors along major in new development areas to avoid/minimise fill pathways/roads in town requirements 2. Enable underground wet-to-dry season water 8. Establish a town-wide smart network to monitor storage using infiltration to local aquifers and and control all water-related assets (and others) for recovery through existing bores maximal flexibility, efficiency and integration 3. Create living streams in stormwater drains to 9. Encourage green landscapes, urban forests and improve infiltration during the wet and create green, water features that further increase the economic cool environments in dry season value for property owners, businesses, tourism and the town overall 4. Establish irrigation water network along blue–green corridors to support lush parks, safe sports grounds 10. Consider expanding caravan park into the ‘lakes and attractive school areas district’ to create additional capacity, value and attraction for tourists Key ideas for a Water Wise Weipa 1. Establish What are they? Green, shady active transport corridors and blue–green attractive waterways along road verges, watersensitivecities.org.au existing pathways and corridors drainage corridors New pedestrian and bikeway Stormwater Shade trees retention and and shrubs infiltration Native groundcovers Key ideas for a Water Wise Weipa In the future, I hope that Weipa is a 1. Establish tourism destination in its own right, not a side track blue–green destination on the watersensitivecities.org.au corridors way to the Cape. I hope that our town looks clean What benefits do they provide? and green for visitors, with lots • Shading and cooling of walk/bikeways to encourage of native trees – active transport a green oasis. • Attractive walking/running/cycling paths for sport and recreation • Pleasant connections across the different town areas • Natural ecosystems for native plants and animal • Dust and wind reduction, plus visual separation from habitats roads • Increased amenity and liveability values for local residents and tourists Key ideas for a Water Wise Weipa 1. Establish blue–green watersensitivecities.org.au corridors Weipa blue and green infrastructure for Weipa Town Authority, Sept 2018 Legend Existing bores & pipes Possible new connection external bore field or recycled water scheme Blue/green corridor (Shady irrigated vegetation and living streams) Note all blue and green corridors with associated Blue/green corridor (Living stream – native infrastructure can me vegetation supported by the capture and modified and/or expanded infiltration of stormwater) as opportunities arise Possible market garden Key ideas for a Water Wise Weipa 2. Enable wet- • This process is also to-dry season known as managed aquifer recharge (MAR) watersensitivecities.org.au and is practised quite widely across Australia water storage (see below) What is it? • Existing shallow groundwater aquifers store excess rain/ stormwater from the wet season, making water available for dry months Snapshot of MAR in Australia in 2017. Image: CSIRO Key ideas for a Water Wise Weipa 2. Enable wet- to-dry season watersensitivecities.org.au water storage What benefits do they provide? • Total annual rainfall on Weipa town area is around 10,000ML/yr • 5% of that rainfall actively infiltrated from stormwater • During dry season, the stored groundwater could drains (Idea 3) would support an additional be accessed through existing bores and fed into a groundwater recovery at a rate of 2.5ML/day (or 5 x (partially) new irrigation water network (see Idea 4) swimming pool volume/day) during the dry season along the blue–green corridors (200 days/yr) • Increasing infiltration and storage will move the • This storage equates to 20,000 rainwater tanks @ groundwater recharge situation closer to ‘pre- 25kL each, or equivalent to 1000 times volume of the development’ conditions, and support groundwater- swimming pool based ecosystems such as Trunding Creek Key ideas for a Water Wise Weipa 3. Create living streams watersensitivecities.org.au What are they and how do they