Water Circulation and Cold Trap

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Summary Water Circulator (Chiller) & Cold Trap CF301 CF800 CA301 CA801 Water Circulator (Chiller) Cold Trap Water Circulator (Chiller) Cold Trap Purpose Purpose Supplies a source of temperature Efficiently collects moisture and harmful vapors by trapping them in the container and keeping controlled fluid, typically water, which them from reaching the vacuum pump removes heat from a process Benefits Benefits Protects vacuum pumps Keeps water in the condenser at a For oil-sealed pumps, collection of vapors is critical to prevent them from getting into the vacuum pump where they would condense and contaminate the pump’s oil which will eventually cause stable low temperature thereby creat- loss of efficiency or irreparably damage pump ing ideal conditions for collecting the maximum amount of solvent Protects the environment For dry pumps, collection of vapors makes the evaporation system a closed system, preventing vapors from passing through the vacuum pump and into the environment Increases evaporation rate Vapors are collected as a frozen solid and are therefore not condensed inside the vacuum tub- ing, which would slow evaporation Combination Example In combination with a rotary evaporator In combination with a vacuum oven Exhaust Exhaust CF301+RE601+CA301+Vacuum pump DP63C+CA801+Vacuum pump Specifications Max. lowest Dehumidifying Capacity Recommended in Type Series temperature capacity (L) Features Application combination with Closed circulation system Used for many cooling Rotary evaporator Water CF301 N/A 4L Environment friendly coolant used for refrigeration applications -20°C~Room Less energy use and less cooling capacity loss by Circulator temperature (Chiller) CF800 N/A 16L fixing the heat resistant lead Can connect four (4) Rotary Evaporators when using CF800 A worry-free system which can be operated without Large amount of outgas- Vacuum oven, Max 0.9 kg adding dry ice or liquid nitrogen sing or contaminants that Rotary evaporator, CA301 -45°C (water type liquid) 4L Uses environment friendly and CFC-free refrigerant may be present Freeze dryer Standard with stainless steel condenser or an optional Large amount of liquid that glass insert for corrosives must be removed from the Cold Trap Portable unit provides easy mobility (stoppers provided vacuum environment (e.g. Max 1.0 kg in the front caster wheels) freeze drying) CA801 -85°C (water type liquid) 4L CA801 designed with defrosting mechanism (hot gas bypass) Space saving BRO-WCCT-201706 Water Circulator & Cold Trap Summary www.yamato-usa.com.

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Water Loss from Terrestrial Planets with CO2-Rich Atmospheres
Water loss from terrestrial planets with CO2-rich atmospheres R. D. Wordsworth Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 60637 IL, USA [email protected] and R. T. Pierrehumbert Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 60637 IL, USA ABSTRACT Water photolysis and hydrogen loss from the upper atmospheres of terrestrial planets is of fundamental importance to climate evolution but remains poorly understood in general. Here we present a range of calculations we performed to study the dependence of water loss rates from terrestrial planets on a range of atmospheric and external parameters. We show that CO2 can only cause sig- nificant water loss by increasing surface temperatures over a narrow range of conditions, with cooling of the middle and upper atmosphere acting as a bottle- neck on escape in other circumstances. Around G-stars, efficient loss only occurs on planets with intermediate CO2 atmospheric partial pressures (0.1 to 1 bar) that receive a net flux close to the critical runaway greenhouse limit. Because G-star total luminosity increases with time but XUV/UV luminosity decreases, this places strong limits on water loss for planets like Earth. In contrast, for a CO2-rich early Venus, diffusion limits on water loss are only important if clouds caused strong cooling, implying that scenarios where the planet never had surface liquid water are indeed plausible. Around M-stars, water loss is primarily a func- arXiv:1306.3266v2 [astro-ph.EP] 12 Oct 2013 tion of orbital distance, with planets that absorb less flux than ∼ 270 W m−2 (global mean) unlikely to lose more than one Earth ocean of H2O over their lifetimes unless they lose all their atmospheric N2/CO2 early on.
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Cold Traps out of Glass Or Stainless Steel for the Vacuum Technology
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