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A Study of Educational Crisis at College Level in Pakistan

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A Study of Educational Crisis at College Level in Pakistan A STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL CRISIS AT COLLEGE LEVEL IN PAKISTAN MOQDDUS AYUB REGISTRATION NO: 0499061 UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION LAHORE DECEMEBER 2008 A STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL CRISIS AT COLLEGE LEVEL IN PAKISTAN MOQDDUS AYUB REGISTRATION NO: 0499061 SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION AT THE DIVISION OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION LAHORE DECEMEBER 2008 ii iii Dedicated To My teacher Z. A. Khan, my husband my mother and brother Whose prayers and love always take me to zenith of glory and transform my dreams into realty. iv FORWARDING SHEET The thesis entitled “A Study of Educational Crisis at College Level in Pakistan” submitted by Moqddus Ayub in partial fulfillment of Ph.D degree in Education. After in corporting observation of HEC, it is resubmitted. I am satisfied with the quality of this research work. Date:____________________ Signature:____________________ Dr. Khushi Muhammad Division of Education University of Education Lahore v DECLARATION I, Moqddus Ayub D/o Muhammad Ayuba Ch. Registration No. 0499061, a scholar of Ph.D at the University of Education, do hereby solemnly declare that the thesis entitled “A Study of Educational Crisis at College Level in Pakistan”, submitted by me in partial fulfillment of Ph.D degree in Education, is my original work, except where otherwise acknowledged in the text, and has not been submitted or published earlier and shall not, in future, be submitted by me for obtaining any degree from this or any other University or institution. Date: _______________ Signature____________________ MOQDDUS AYUB Ph.D Research Scholar Registration No. 0499061 vi Title of Thesis: A Study of Educational Crisis at College in Pakistan Name of Scholar: Moqddus Ayub Accepted by the Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education with specialization in Administration. Thesis Examination Committee: __________________________ Director __________________________ External Examiner ___________________________ Supervisor ___________________________ Member ___________________________ Member Date: __________________ vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All prayers to Allah Almighty Who blessed me with the will, endurance, patience, courage and strength and enabled me to accomplish this long cherished goal. The researcher deeply expresses her most sincere gratitude to Dr. Khushi Muhammad for providing the guidance and encouragement throughout the course of study. I am respectfully indebted to Prof. Dr. Zulfiqar Ali Khan for his pushing attitude even in the odd situations proved a source of comfort and encouragement for me. His cooperation with me is very remarkable in the sense that despite his multifarious pre-engagements, he always made himself readily available to me whenever I approached him in connection with analysis of data for this study. My profound gratitude goes to Madam Farah Javaid, EDO (Colleges) Vehari whose cooperation and coordination in data collection termed this dream into reality. Researcher records her thanks to Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Khalid for his wise and patient counseling during this study especially in the beginning of this work. The researcher is thankful to Musthaq-ur-Rehman Siddique for his kind guidance and support during this study. The researcher is highly thankful to sincere efforts of Dr. Rafaqat Ali Akbar for his peer review and valuable suggestions to refine the research study. The researcher would like to mention the professional guidance and valuable suggestions given by Canadian Educator and Expert Jean B. Hasche who willingly responded the researcher’s questions. The researcher is particularly thankful to Principal Mrs. Shama Khaliq, Fatima Jinnah College Chunamandi, Principal Abdul Latif Mughal Sheikhupura College, viii Principal, Muhammad Hussain Watto, Principal Depalpur Degree College, Principal Sir Kaleem Dyal Singh College for their nice attitude and sincere cooperation. The researcher appreciates and is thankful to all colleagues and respondents who devoted their precious time and willingly responded to researchers’ questions. Finally the researcher is greatly indebted to her blood relations and benefactors including my brothers, sisters, mother, husband and sons who wishfully awaited completion of this task. May God bless the all in future life. Moqddus Ayub ix TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Topic Page No. 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of the Problem 2 Significance of the Study 3 Objectives of the Study 3 Delimitations 4 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 5 National Objectives 5 International Objectives 6 Historical Perspective 7 Past Education Policies 9 - Pakistan Education Conference 1947 9 - Commission on National Education 1959 9 New Education Policy 1969 10 - Education Policy 1972 11 - National Education Policy 1979 11 - National Education Policy 1992 12 - National Education Policy 1998-2010 14 - Education Sector Reforms, Strategic Plan 2001-2004 16 Higher Education and Scientific Research for Development in Pakistan (World Bank 1990) 17 The Task Force on Improvement of Higher Education 18 Vision of Higher Education 19 Crises in Higher Education 19 x Chapter Topic Page No. What is a Crisis? 20 Role of College 21 Guidelines for General Education Report (2000) 25 The Weakest Link: A Report on Under Graduate Education in Pakistan (2006) 26 The First International Symposium 27 The Second International Symposium 28 Supporting College Education Through Higher Education Reforms 29 Policy Reform of higher education in Pakistan (Graduate and Undergraduate) 30 Colleges as Academic Clusters – Developing Strongest Link 30 Undergraduate Degree: (College Education) 32 Textbook Related Factors 33 Teacher Related Factors in Colleges 33 Institutions Related Factors 34 Liberal Arts Education at Undergraduate level in Pakistan 35 Effectiveness of undergraduate Education 37 Accreditation of undergraduate Institutions 40 Quality of Education in Under graduate College 41 Institutional 41 Institutional Infrastructure and Facilities 42 Staff and Academic Faculty 43 Ug Faculty Profile in Punjab 44 xi Chapter Topic Page No. Students 45 Assessment of Quality 45 Review of Related Studies 51 3 METHODOLOGY 51 Nature of the Study 51 Population 51 Sampling 51 Sample Size 52 Sampling Technique 52 Tools of Data Collection 52 Data Collection 54 Statistical Analysis 54 4 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 55 Data Analysis for Students 55 Data Analysis for Teachers 114 Data Analysis for Principals 118 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 239 Summary 239 Conclusions 240 Recommendations 243 BIBLIOGRAPHY 246 xii LIST OF TABLES Table No. Topic Page No. 1 Class room furniture according the need of students 56 2 Labs with sufficient computer facilities 57 3 Separate laboratories for B.Sc. Students 58 4 Equipments and Facilities according to the needs of students 59 5 Availability of student retiring room 60 6 Properly furnished student retiring room 61 7 Proper rates of eatables at cafeteria/canteen 62 8.1 Fee is affordable to students 63 8.2 Extra Funds collected from students 64 9 Orientation to students about discipline in start of session 65 10 Discussion to resolve clashes among students and staff 66 11 Necessity of student union, in development of democratic attitude and leadership qualities 67 12 Co-curricular activities were well administered by college management 68 13 Students get classes regularly 69 14 Teachers come to class well in time 70 15 Good behavior of students is reinforced and encouraged 71 16 Class participation of students is encouraged by teachers 72 17 Students were treated according to their ability 73 18 Students were awarded according to their performance in the class 74 19 Students were assigned work according to their interest 75 20 Students were friendly towards each other 76 21 Teachers behavior towards students is pleasant 77 22.1 Teachers provide guidance for academic problems 78 22.2 Teachers provide guidance for social problems of students 79 xiii Table No. Topic Page No. 22.3 Teachers provide guidance for emotional problems of students 80 23 Students were equally treated by the teachers 81 24 Teachers go out of way to help the students 82 25 Guidance and counseling is provided during subject selection 83 26 Textbooks were easily available to students 84 27 Textbooks were available at affordable prices to students in the market 85 28 Syllabi were covered in time 86 29.1 Additional reading material is provided to students 87 29.2 Separate hall for examination is available in the college 88 30 Proper sitting arrangement for conduct of examination 89 31 Heat controlling system at examination place 90 32 Proper supervision during conduct of examination 91 33 Opportunities for cheating strictly hindered 92 34 Additional reading material is available to students 93 35 Principal goes out of way to help for student welfare 94 36.1 English should be medium of instruction 95 36.2 Urdu should be medium of instruction 96 36.3 Local language should be medium of instruction 97 37 Proper transport facility for students 98 38 Absence of technical programs in arts 99 39 Overcrowded classes 100 40 Shortage of teachers 101 41 Teachers perform other duties in addition to teaching 102 42 Lack of cooperation among college staff & administration 103 43 No change in curriculum with respect to global needs and technologies 104 xiv Table No. Topic Page No. 44 Lack of new course combination 105 45 Lack of incentive on better performance 106 46 Lack
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