1 Inland Fisheries Ireland National Research Survey Programme Fish Stock Survey of Garadice Lough, August 2018 Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin 24. CITATION: McLoone, P., Connor, L., Morrissey, E., Coyne, J., Corcoran, W., Cierpial, D., Gavin A., Brett A., Delanty, K., Rocks, K., Gordon, P., O’ Briain, R., Matson, R., McCarthy E. and Kelly, F.L. (2018) Fish Stock Survey of Garadice Lough, August 2018. National Research Survey Programme, Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin 24. Cover photo: Netting survey on Lough Gur © Inland Fisheries Ireland © Inland Fisheries Ireland 2018 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the help and co-operation of all their colleagues in Inland Fisheries Ireland. The authors would also like to acknowledge the funding provided for the project from the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment for 2018. The report includes Ordnance Survey Ireland data reproduced under OSi Copyright Permit No. MP 007508. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Ordnance Survey Ireland and Government of Ireland copyright. © Ordnance Survey Ireland, 2018. 2 1.1 Introduction Garadice Lough is situated in the Erne Catchment, in counties Leitrim and Cavan near the town of Ballinamore (Fig. 1.1). It forms part of the Shannon-Erne Waterway, a navigable watercourse which links the Shannon and Erne catchments at Leitrim Village and Belturbet respectively. The navigation enters the lake at its western end, via the Ballyconnell-Ballinamore Canal. The Woodford River exits at the eastern end of the lake. The lake is situated at an altitude of 48 m.a.s.l., has a surface area of 389ha, mean depth of 4.4m and maximum depth of 22.4m. The lake is categorised as typology class 8 for the purposes of WFD (as designated by the EPA), i.e. deep (>4m), greater than 50ha and medium alkalinity (20-100mg/l CaCO3). In the 2010 to 2015 surveillance monitoring reporting period, the EPA assigned Garadice Lough an overall ecological status of Poor. The lake is largely surrounded by agricultural pasture, and the geology of the area is predominantly limestone. Garadice Lough is regarded as an excellent coarse fish and pike fishery and has been extensively developed as such. Access for cars to maintained angling pegs along the eastern portion of the lake (Haughton’s and Church Shores), and at other locations is available. Several prestigious national and international angling competitions are held on the lake on an annual basis. Inland Fisheries Ireland (previously the Central Fisheries Board) have undertaken relatively regular fish stock surveys on the lake, the most recent of which was conducted in 2012. Roach, perch, roach x bream hybrids, bream, brown trout, tench and pike were recorded at that time (IFI, 2013). This report summarises the results of the 2018 fish stock survey (e.g. species composition, abundance and age structure) on the lake. 3 1.2 Methods 1.2.1 Netting methods Garadice Lough was surveyed over three nights from the 3rd to the 6th of August 2018. A total of six sets of Dutch fyke nets (Fyke), 20 benthic monofilament multi-mesh (12 panel, 5-55mm mesh size) CEN standard survey gill nets (BM CEN) (5 @ 0-2.9m, 5 @ 3-5.9m, 5 @ 6-11.9m, 5 @ 12-19.9m) and five floating monofilament multi-mesh (FM CEN) 12 panel, 5-55mm mesh size) CEN standard survey gill nets were deployed in the lake (31 sites). The site locations for the benthic monofilament multi-mesh gill nets (BM CEN) were chosen randomly within fixed depth zones (0-2.9m, 3-5.9m, 6-11.9m, 12-19.9m), using lake bathymetry. Floating monofilament multi-mesh nets were set over the deepest area of the lake. The netting effort was supplemented using four-panel benthic braided survey gill nets (4-PBB) at an additional 10 randomly selected sites. The 4-PBB nets are composed of four 27.5m long panels each a different mesh size (55mm, 60mm, 70mm and 90mm), tied together randomly. A handheld GPS was used to mark the precise location of each net. The angle of each survey gill net in relation to the shoreline was also randomised. All fish were measured and weighed on site and scales were removed from all species except perch and eel. Live fish were returned to the water whenever practical or when the likelihood of their survival was considered to be good. Samples of fish were retained for further analysis. Fish were frozen immediately after the survey and transported back to the IFI laboratory for later dissection. 1.2.2 Fish diet Total stomach contents were inspected and individual items were counted and identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. The percentage frequency occurrence (FO) of prey items were calculated to identify key prey items (Amundsen et al., 1996). 푵풊 퐅퐎 = ( ) ∗ ퟏퟎퟎ 풊 푵 Where: 퐅퐎풊 is the percentage frequency of prey item 푖, 푵풊 is the number of pike with prey 푖 in their stomach, 푵 is total number of pike with stomach contents. 4 Fig. 1.1. Location map of Garadice Lough showing locations and depths of each net (outflow, to the Woodford River, is indicated on map) Plate 1.1. Panoramic aerial photograph of Garadice Lough, looking east across the lake 5 1.2.3 Biosecurity - disinfection and decontamination procedures Procedures are required for disinfection of equipment in order to prevent dispersal of alien species and other organisms to uninfected waters. A standard operating procedure was compiled by Inland Fisheries Ireland for this purpose (Caffrey, 2010) and is followed by staff in IFI when moving between water bodies. 1.3 Results 1.3.1 Species Richness A total of eight fish species and one type of hybrid were recorded on Garadice Lough in August 2018. A total of 1648 fish were captured. The number of each species captured by each gear type is shown in Table 1.1. Perch was the most abundant fish species recorded, followed by roach. Bream, roach x bream hybrids, pike, tench, gudgeon, brown trout and eels were also recorded. A similar species composition was recorded in 2012 when the lake was last surveyed (IFI, 2013). Gudgeon were not recorded in the survey nets on that occasion (due to the mesh size used) but are known to be present in the lake. 1.3.2 Fish abundance Fish abundance (mean CPUE) and biomass (mean BPUE) were calculated as the mean number/weight of fish caught per metre of net. For all fish species except eel, CPUE/BPUE is based on all nets, whereas eel CPUE/BPUE is based on fyke nets only. Mean CPUE and BPUE for all fish species captured in the 2018 survey are summarised in Table 1.2 (Fig. 1.2 and 1.3). Overall perch and roach were the dominant species in terms of CPUE. Roach x bream hybrids and roach were the dominant species in terms of biomass (BPUE) (Fig. 1.2 and 1.3). 6 Table 1.1. Number of each fish species captured by each method during the survey on Garadice Lough, August 2018 Number of fish captured Scientific name Common name BM CEN FM CEN 4-PBB Fyke Total Perca fluviatilis Perch 939 52 0 10 1001 Rutilus rutilus Roach 360 88 0 7 455 Rutilus rutilus x Abramis brama Roach x bream hybrid 54 0 67 0 121 Abramis brama Bream 9 0 17 0 26 Esox lucius Pike 3 1 2 0 6 Tinca tinca Tench 0 0 4 0 4 Gobio gobio Gudgeon 4 0 0 0 4 Salmo trutta Brown trout 1 1 0 0 2 Anguilla anguilla European eel 1 0 0 28 29 Table 1.2. Mean (S.E.) CPUE and BPUE (per metre of net) for all fish species captured on Garadice Lough, August 2018 Scientific name Common name Mean CPUE (± S.E) Mean BPUE (± S.E) Perca fluviatilis Perch 0.810 (0.207) 19.758 (4.375) Rutilus rutilus Roach 0.367 (0.093) 25.033 (7.899) Rutilus rutilus x Abramis brama Roach x bream hybrid 0.061 (0.014) 27.862 (6.019) Abramis brama Bream 0.015 (0.008) 7.896 (3.703) Esox lucius Pike 0.004 (0.002) 6.789 (3.317) Tinca tinca Tench 0.001 (0.001) 1.252 (1.252) Gobio gobio Gudgeon 0.003 (0.002) 0.015 (0.009) Salmo trutta Brown trout 0.002 (0.001) 0.181 (0.127) Anguilla anguilla* European eel* 0.078 (0.025)* 18.168 (4.103)* Note: Where biomass data was unavailable for an individual fish, this was determined from a length/weight regression for that species (Connor et al., 2017). *Eel CPUE and BPUE based on fyke nets only 7 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 CPUE (No. fish/m (No. net) CPUE 0.40 0.20 0.00 Perch Roach Roach x Bream Pike Gudgeon Brown trout Tench European bream eel hybrid Fig. 1.2. Mean (±S.E.) CPUE for all fish species captured in Garadice Lough (Eel CPUE based on fyke nets only), 2018 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 BPUE (Mean biomass of fish/m biomass net) (Mean (g) BPUE 5 0 Perch Roach Roach x Bream Pike Gudgeon Brown trout Tench European bream eel hybrid Fig. 1.3. Mean (±S.E.) BPUE for all fish species captured in Garadice Lough (Eel BPUE based on fyke nets only), 2018 8 1.3.3 Length frequency distributions and growth Perch Perch captured during the 2018 survey ranged in length from 4.3cm to 25.8cm (mean = 9.1cm) (Fig.1.4). Perch were aged from 0+ to 7+, with all intervening age classes recorded in the sample of perch that were aged.